JP2019525344A - 触覚システムにおける三次元知覚 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
[I.3D形状再現のための曲線操作]
手が三次元模擬形状の外郭構造体と交差する場合、現在の解決策は、ユーザに対し記述すべき交差点を最もよく表す閉曲線を見つけてその経路を作動させる。経路が閉経路であるので、システムは、その経路に沿って所与の速度(したがって周波数)で移動する単一の制御点を使用し、ノイズをあまり発生させることなく空中触覚での制御点を生成する。しかし、この場合には2つの重要な制限が課される。第1に、閉曲線輪郭として都合よく解釈可能な経路を含む形状のみを表すことができる。開いた輪郭を含む形状は、触覚表現には適していない。つまり、経路を折り曲げることは可能であるが、触覚効果が変わる。第2に、単一の制御点の制約が課される場合には(各制御点は計算を必要とするので、できるだけ使用しないことがよい)1つの輪郭のみを使用することができる。1つの輪郭が1本の指に対してフィードバックを提供するのに有効であり、別の輪郭が手のひらに有効である場合は、複数の制御点を取ることなく両方を使用することはできない。これらの欠点が単一輪郭方法の出力制限に加えて存在する。輪郭の長さが大きくなると、制御点の移動速度が大きくなり、制御点がより薄く広がるようになり、最終的にその制御点の有効な触覚応答性が低下する。
A.序論
本開示は、ユーザが仮想3Dコンテンツと対話するシステムに関し、追跡システムによってユーザの手を監視し、物理エンジンを使用して仮想3Dコンテンツの位置および特性を更新し、触覚フィードバックシステムによってユーザに触覚情報を提供することに関する。触覚システムは、空中触覚フィードバックとすることができる。ユーザの手が仮想物体に接触すると、触覚インパルスがユーザに適用され得る。このインパルスは、接触の正確な位置に適用され得る。あるいは、ユーザの手が骨格モデル内に形成されて、インパルスが物体と接触する骨格内の各骨に適用される。
B.3D物体との対話
システムは、追跡システムによりユーザの手を監視し、物理エンジンを使用して仮想3Dコンテンツの位置および特性を更新し、触覚フィードバックシステムによってユーザに触覚情報を提供することによってユーザが仮想3Dコンテンツと対話するものとすることができる。触覚システムは空中触覚フィードバックを使用し得る。ユーザの手が仮想物体に接触すると、触覚インパルスがユーザに適用され得る。このインパルスは、接触の正確な位置に適用され得る。ユーザの手が骨格モデル内に形成されてもよく、この場合、インパルスが物体と接触する骨格内の各骨に適用される。インパルスの強度および持続時間は、手および仮想物体の動き量および物理的特性を含む物理エンジンからの出力に基づいて調整され得る。触覚インパルスの波形は、物理エンジンの出力に基づいて調整され得る。
A.代替機構による超音波からの音
特定の触覚ベースの相互作用から発生するノイズは、触覚活動の望ましくない副作用であることが多い。しかし、ノイズ生成の特性を利用して望ましい効果音を生み出すことが可能である。低周波ノイズを発生する触覚システムにおける外乱を正確に制御することは、集点を空間的に動かすことによって広帯域信号を発生する能力を提供する。これにより、既存のパラメトリックオーディオアプリケーションとはまったく異なる機構を使用して、超音波から音を作成することができる。振幅で点またはビームを変調するのではなく、波形を符号化する軌跡で制御点を移動することができる。これにより、制御点が音源に変わる。
図2を参照すると、経路220を介して空中で回転している焦点210の表現200が示されており、焦点210は、経路220に沿って移動するたびに音波230を生成する。焦点システムを振幅変調することなく、人間の耳に聞こえる音を局所的に再現するように動きを修正することができる。
触覚として検出できるのは低周波数のみであるが、制御点の振幅は毎秒数千回変化し得る。非線形効果によって、より高い周波数を再現することができる。制御点を迅速に更新すると、一度に多くの周波数を生成することができ、ある程度の音を再生することができます。ただし、音は触覚的に有効な周波数範囲の情報を有していない。
上述の実施形態の様々な特徴は、改良された触覚システムの多数の変形を生み出すために選択および組み合わされ得る。本明細書では、特定の実施形態が説明されているが、当業者であれば、特許請求の範囲に記載されている本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、様々な変形および変更が可能であることを理解し得る。したがって、明細書および図面は限定的な意味ではなく例示的な意味で見なされるべきであり、そのような変形はすべて本教示の範囲内に含まれることが意図されている。
Claims (28)
- 方法であって、
既知の相対位置および向きを有するトランスデューサアレイから音場を生成すること、
前記トランスデューサアレイに対して既知の空間関係を有する制御点を規定すること、
前記制御点に振幅を割り当てること、
複数の曲線セグメントを含む単一の閉曲線内で前記制御点を移動させることによって、人体部分に対して仮想物体の空中触覚効果を生成すること、を備え、
前記単一の閉曲線は、前記人体部分が前記仮想物体と交差する少なくとも1つの位置を横切る、方法。 - 前記制御点は、振幅変調される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記単一の閉曲線内における前記制御点の移動は、前記人体部分が前記仮想物体と交差する少なくとも1つの位置を前記制御点が横切るときよりも、前記人体部分が前記仮想物体と交差する少なくとも1つの位置を前記制御点が横切らないときに速い、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記人体部分が前記仮想物体と交差する少なくとも1つの位置に前記制御点が到達したとき、前記仮想物体と交差する前記人体部分を前記制御点が横切ることを避ける、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記単一の閉曲線内を制御点が移動した後、前記仮想物体の変化に応答して第2の閉曲線を作成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記単一の閉曲線内を制御点が移動した後、前記人体部分の位置の変化に応答して第2の閉曲線を作成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 方法であって、
ユーザがユーザの手を用いて仮想3次元コンテンツと対話すること、
追跡システムが前記ユーザの手を監視すること、
物理エンジンが前記仮想3次元コンテンツの特性を更新すること、
空中触覚フィードバックシステムが前記ユーザに触覚情報を提供すること、
を備える方法。 - 前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方が前記仮想3次元コンテンツに接触したとき、前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方に第1の触覚インパルスが適用される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の触覚インパルスは、前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方と前記仮想3次元コンテンツとの接触位置に適用される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 複数の骨を有する骨格モデル内に前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方を形成することをさらに備え、前記第1の触覚インパルスは、前記仮想3次元コンテンツに接触する前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方の複数の骨に適用される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の触覚インパルスの強度および持続時間が、前記物理エンジンからの出力に基づいて調整される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の触覚インパルスの波形が、前記物理エンジンからの出力に基づいて調整される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記仮想3次元コンテンツに対する接触が解除された前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方の部分に第2の触覚インパルスが適用される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の触覚インパルスは、前記第1の触覚インパルスよりも弱い、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方が前記仮想3次元コンテンツとの接触を維持するとき、前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方に適用されている前記第1の触覚インパルスが停止される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方の骨格は第1側と第2側とを有し、前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方の接触が前記第1側で生じ、前記第1の触覚インパルスが前記第2側で生じる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方に適用される前記第1の触覚インパルスは、前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方が前記仮想3次元コンテンツとの接触を終了したときに、前記ユーザの手の少なくとも一方に減衰振幅を与える、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 方法であって、
既知の相対位置および向きを有するトランスデューサアレイから音場を生成すること、
前記トランスデューサアレイに対して既知の空間関係を有する制御点を規定すること、
音波形を有する音を生成することであって、前記音波形を符号化する軌跡で前記制御点を移動させることによって音を生成すること、
を備える方法。 - 前記軌跡は、開曲線経路を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記軌跡は、閉曲線経路を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記閉曲線経路は、同相成分と直交成分とにパラメータ化される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記軌跡は、3次元経路を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記軌跡は、立体音響を調節する位相キューを提供するように調整される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記制御点が空中触覚効果を生成することをさらに備える請求項18に記載の方法。
- 方法であって、
既知の相対位置および向きを有するトランスデューサアレイから音場を生成すること、
前記トランスデューサアレイに対して既知の空間関係を有する制御点を規定すること、
予め設定された時間にわたって前記制御点に音プロファイルに基づく複数の振幅を割り当てること、
を備える方法。 - 前記予め設定された時間にわたって前記制御点に複数の振幅を割り当てることにより、空中触覚効果がもたらされる、請求項25に記載の方法。
- (1)予め設定された時間にわたって前記制御点に前記複数の振幅を割り当てる前に前記音プロファイルから特徴セットを抽出すること、(2)予め設定された時間にわたって前記制御点に割り当てられた前記複数の振幅に前記特徴セットを適用すること、をさらに備える請求項26に記載の方法。
- (1)予め設定された時間にわたって前記複数の振幅から前記制御点までの特徴セットを抽出すること、(2)前記特徴セットを前記音プロファイルに適用すること、をさらに備える請求項26に記載の方法。
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