JP2019132650A - セシウム吸着材 - Google Patents
セシウム吸着材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019132650A JP2019132650A JP2018013655A JP2018013655A JP2019132650A JP 2019132650 A JP2019132650 A JP 2019132650A JP 2018013655 A JP2018013655 A JP 2018013655A JP 2018013655 A JP2018013655 A JP 2018013655A JP 2019132650 A JP2019132650 A JP 2019132650A
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- YFYLWZGFVNBLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+) iron(3+) hexacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YFYLWZGFVNBLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000276 potassium ferrocyanide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
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Abstract
Description
特許文献10には、カルボキシメチルセルロースおよびセルロース繊維から構成されるパルプ繊維性基材にプルシアンブルーが付与された放射性セシウム吸着材を製造する技術が開示されている。
(1) フェロシアン化金属化合物が繊維の表面に定着した複合繊維を含むセシウム吸着材。
(2) マット状の形態である、(1)に記載のセシウム吸着材。
(3) 前記複合繊維を含む層と基材層とを含んでなる、(1)または(2)に記載のセシウム吸着材。
(4) 前記複合繊維の繊維表面の15%以上がフェロシアン化金属化合物によって被覆されている、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
(5) 前記繊維がセルロース繊維である、(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
(6) 前記フェロシアン化金属化合物がプルシアンブルーである、(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
(7) フェロシアン化金属化合物と繊維との重量比が2/98〜98/2である、(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
(8) フェロシアン化金属化合物がバインダー樹脂によらず繊維に定着している、(1)〜(7)のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
本発明においては、セルロース繊維やアラミド繊維などの繊維にプルシアンブルーなどのフェロシアン化金属化合物を定着させる。複合繊維を構成する繊維は、セルロース繊維であることが好ましいが、例えば、天然のセルロース繊維はもちろん、レーヨンやリヨセルなどの再生繊維(半合成繊維)や合成繊維などを制限なく使用することができる。セルロース繊維としては、パルプ繊維(木材パルプや非木材パルプ)、セルロースナノファイバー(CNF)、バクテリアセルロース、ホヤなどの動物由来セルロース、藻類などが例示され、木材パルプは、木材原料をパルプ化して製造すればよい。木材原料としては、アカマツ、クロマツ、トドマツ、エゾマツ、ベニマツ、カラマツ、モミ、ツガ、スギ、ヒノキ、カラマツ、シラベ、トウヒ、ヒバ、ダグラスファー、ヘムロック、ホワイトファー、スプルース、バルサムファー、シーダ、パイン、メルクシマツ、ラジアータパイン等の針葉樹、及びこれらの混合材、ブナ、カバ、ハンノキ、ナラ、タブ、シイ、シラカバ、ハコヤナギ、ポプラ、タモ、ドロヤナギ、ユーカリ、マングローブ、ラワン、アカシア等の広葉樹及びこれらの混合材が例示される。
合成繊維とセルロース繊維との複合繊維も本発明において使用することができ、例えば、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリオレフィン、アクリル繊維、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、各種金属繊維などとセルロース繊維との複合繊維も使用することができる。
本発明において、セルロース繊維などの繊維と複合化するフェロシアン化金属化合物は特に制限されないが、公知の方法で合成することができる。プルシアンブルーなどのフェロシアン化金属化合物の合成は溶液中で行う場合があり、また、複合繊維を水系で使用することもある。
本発明においては、溶液中で、繊維、ヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩、および、遷移金属を含む無機化合物、を混合することによって、フェロシアン化金属化合物と繊維の複合繊維を製造することができる。例えば、(a)繊維と、ヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩とを混合し、(b)工程aで得られた溶液と、遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物とを混合すること、または、(a)繊維と、遷移金属元素を含む無機化合物とを混合し、(b)工程aで得られた溶液と、ヘキサシアノ金属酸の無機塩とを混合すること、によってフェロシアン化金属化合物と繊維の複合繊維を製造することができる。
本発明の複合繊維は、一つの好ましい態様において、セルロース繊維などの繊維の存在下でプルシアンブルーなどのフェロシアン化金属化合物を合成することによって得ることができる。繊維表面が、プルシアンブルーなどのフェロシアン化金属化合物の析出における好適な場となるため、プルシアンブルーなどのフェロシアン化金属化合物とセルロース繊維との複合繊維を合成しやすいためである。
本発明によって得られた複合繊維は、種々の形状で用いることができ、例えば、マット、粉体、ペレット、モールド、水性懸濁液、ペースト、シート、ビーズ、その他の形状にして用いることができる。また、複合繊維を主成分として他の材料と共にモールドや粒子・ペレットなどの成形体にすることもできる。乾燥して紛体にする場合の乾燥機についても特に制限はないが、例えば、気流乾燥機、バンド乾燥機、噴霧乾燥機などを好適に使用することができる。
本発明の一つの態様において、繊維を含む溶液中でプルシアンブルーなどのフェロシアン化金属化合物を合成することによって複合繊維を合成することができるが、フェロシアン化金属化合物の合成方法は、公知の方法によることができる。
本発明に係る複合繊維を合成する場合、キャビテーション気泡の存在下でプルシアンブルーを析出させることができる。本発明においてキャビテーションとは、流体の流れの中で圧力差により短時間に泡の発生と消滅が起きる物理現象であり、空洞現象とも言われる。キャビテーションによって生じる気泡(キャビテーション気泡)は、流体の中で圧力がごく短時間だけ飽和蒸気圧より低くなったとき、液体中に存在する100ミクロン以下のごく微小な「気泡核」を核として生じる。
また、容器内の圧力と噴射液の圧力との比は0.001〜0.5の範囲が好ましい。
本発明に係る複合繊維を含むセシウム吸着材を用いて、適宜、成形物(体)を製造することも可能である。例えば、本発明によって得られた複合繊維を含むセシウム吸着材をシート化すると、高灰分のシートを容易に得ることができる。また、得られたシートを貼り合せて多層シートとすることもできる。シート製造に用いる抄紙機(抄造機)としては、例えば長網抄紙機、丸網抄紙機、ギャップフォーマ、ハイブリッドフォーマ、多層抄紙機、これらの機器の抄紙方式を組合せた公知の抄造機などが挙げられる。抄紙機におけるプレス線圧、後段でカレンダー処理を行う場合のカレンダー線圧は、いずれも操業性や複合繊維シートの性能に支障を来さない範囲内で定めることができる。また、形成されたシートに対して含浸や塗布により澱粉や各種ポリマー、顔料およびそれらの混合物を付与しても良い。
2.0%のパルプスラリー(LBKP/NBKP:8/2、カナダ標準濾水度CSF:約390mL、平均繊維長:約1mm、4400g)とフェロシアン化カリウム三水和物(和光純薬工業、32.4g)を混合し、室温にてスリーワンモーターで10分間撹拌した。これに、ペリスターポンプを用いて塩化鉄(III)六水和物水溶液(和光純薬工業、3.1%)540gを15g/minで滴下した。滴下終了後、そのまま5分間撹拌を継続してプルシアンブルーとの複合繊維(サンプル1)をスラリーとして得た(紺青色、スラリー濃度1.9%)。
実験1で合成した複合繊維(サンプル1)およびパルプ繊維(サンプル2、対照)のセシウムイオン吸着能を評価した。
・サンプル1:実験1で合成した複合繊維
・サンプル2:クラフトパルプ(LBKP/NBKP=8/2、CSF:約390mL、平均繊維長:約1mm、)
(2−1)浸漬法によるセシウム除去
フタ付きのポリ瓶に、下記のセシウム含有溶液50mLおよび試験サンプル0.5gを加え、フタを閉め振とう機(TAITEC、RECIPRO SHAKER SR−II)で30分間振とうした。
(セシウム含有溶液)
・模擬Cs汚染水: 塩化セシウム(和光純薬工業)12.7mgを蒸留水1Lに溶解させた溶液(セシウムイオン濃度実測値:8206ppb)。
・模擬Cs汚染海水: 塩化セシウム(和光純薬工業)12.7mgおよびダイゴ人工海水SP(日本製薬)37gを蒸留水1Lに溶解させた溶液(セシウムイオン濃度実測値:8682ppb)。
エアポンプ(NIPPON JISEI SANGYO、NS−1型)を用いて、試験サンプルの水性スラリー(1.9%)5.3gを基材である濾紙(アドバンテック、定性濾紙No.2)上に堆積させ、マット(厚さ:2mm)を濾紙上に形成した。
(セシウム含有溶液)
・模擬Cs汚染水: 塩化セシウム(和光純薬工業)12.7mgを蒸留水1Lに溶解させた溶液(セシウムイオン濃度実測値:8530ppb)。
実験2−2と同様にして、セシウム含有溶液の通液を10回繰り返して実施し、それぞれ濾液を回収した。
(セシウム含有溶液)
・模擬Cs汚染水: 塩化セシウム(和光純薬工業)12.7mgを蒸留水1Lに溶解させた溶液(セシウムイオン濃度実測値:8530ppb)。
実験2−3で使用したセシウムイオン吸着後のマットを回収してから、処理後のマットを加熱処理して、その重量減少を測定した。具体的には、通液方向とは逆向きにエアポンプで空気を送ってマットを装置から取り外し、乾燥機で乾燥させた(105℃、6時間)。
Claims (8)
- フェロシアン化金属化合物が繊維の表面に定着した複合繊維を含むセシウム吸着材。
- マット状の形態である、請求項1に記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 前記複合繊維を含む層と基材層とを含んでなる、請求項1または2に記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 前記複合繊維の繊維表面の15%以上がフェロシアン化金属化合物によって被覆されている、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 前記繊維がセルロース繊維である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
- 前記フェロシアン化金属化合物がプルシアンブルーである、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
- フェロシアン化金属化合物と繊維との重量比が2/98〜98/2である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
- フェロシアン化金属化合物がバインダー樹脂によらず繊維に定着している、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のセシウム吸着材。
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