JP2019118284A - Water culture device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a water culture device for taking air in an installation site of a water culture device into a culture area, suppressing temperature difference on respective shelves for maintaining internal temperature to almost equal temperature, for reducing quality difference of cultured objects, and facilitating maintenance of a culture area.SOLUTION: A water culture device comprises: an almost rectangular structure frame formed of columns and girders; a water culture tank which is a long water tank; vegetation plates having vegetation holes and air holes; side face materials for surrounding four side surfaces; a ceiling material; a luminaire; an exhaust port; an exhaust device connected to the exhaust port; and a suction hole provided on a height position between a lowermost vegetation plate and a contact region.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus capable of efficiently cultivating plants by performing appropriate temperature management while supplying light and nutrients inside a cultivation area.

  In recent years, there is no need to use soil, and high-density production is possible in a narrow indoor space, and temperature and humidity can be adjusted without being affected by the weather, and further contamination due to bacteria and pests is removed A hydroponic cultivation apparatus attracts attention from many advantages, such as easy to do. As the hydroponic cultivation apparatus, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus is generally adopted, in which hydroponic containers for growing plants are vertically arranged in multiple stages at predetermined intervals, and a lighting device is provided on the upper part side of each hydroponic container (See, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Since the multistage hydroponic cultivation apparatus as described above is configured by enclosing the apparatus itself with a light reflection film, sheet, multi-layer board, etc. for effective use of light, the internal air is likely to stay. There was a difference in the ambient temperature at each stage, which affected the growth of plants. On the other hand, what provided the air-conditioning system which gives a uniform airflow to the cultivation rack which has a several cultivation bed on a step is proposed (for example, refer patent document 2). This is an air conditioning control system that causes air to flow into the side surface of a long cultivation shelf, and supplies a cold air blower that sends cold air toward the side surface of the cultivation shelf and an air flow to the cold air of the cold blower. And an attractive fan.

JP 2014-033622 A JP, 2015-173615, A

  However, in the above-described hydroponic cultivation apparatus, a plurality of electromechanical devices such as a cold air blower and an induction fan are required, and furthermore, it is necessary to provide a duct communicating with each stage. There is a problem that the cost is increased and the hydroponic cultivation apparatus can not be easily introduced.

  Here, focusing on the configuration of each stage of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus and the movement of air inside the hydroponic cultivation apparatus, each of the cultivation racks prevents the movement of air due to the inhibition of the movement of air. It is clear that air is stagnant in the stage and there is still room for improvement.

  Then, this invention is created in view of the said problem, takes in air, such as the installation place of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus, in a cultivation area, suppresses generation | occurrence | production of the temperature difference of each shelf, and it takes inside temperature. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus which can be made substantially uniform, can reduce quality differences of cultivated products, and can easily maintain the cultivation area.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is
A substantially rectangular structural frame composed of columns and beams;
Hydroponic culture tank which is a long tank,
A vegetation plate having a vegetation hole and a vent,
Side material which covers the side of four sides,
Ceiling material,
A lighting device,
With the exhaust port,
An exhaust device connected to the exhaust port;
An air inlet located at a height between the lowermost vegetation plate and the ground plane;
And comprising
To provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus characterized by

  Further, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention described above, the hydroponic cultivation rack is configured by disposing the lighting device above the vegetation plate and disposing the hydroponic cultivation tank below. Preferably, it is disposed in multiple stages and multiple rows in the structural frame.

  In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration, plants are vegetated on a vegetation plate, photosynthesis is promoted by irradiation of light by a lighting apparatus, and roots are immersed in a hydroponic cultivation tank to immerse in a nutrient solution. The plant can be grown in the apparatus (cultivation area). Furthermore, with the exhaust device provided in the ceiling material, the internal air can be discharged to the outside while taking in the external air from the air inlet. More specifically, the air inside the hydroponic cultivation apparatus ascends to the ceiling material side by the exhaust system, and is discharged to the outside through the exhaust system. At this time, since the inside of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus is in a depressurized state, external air can be taken into the inside through the air inlets provided below the side members of the four sides, and it passes through the vent holes of the vegetation plate. Since each shelf can be moved, it can be easily lifted to the ceiling material side without being blocked by the vegetation plate.

  Furthermore, since all side surfaces of the structural frame are provided with side members, the movement of air can be forced upward from below. By moving the air of each shelf, partial stagnation can be effectively suppressed over a long time. As a result, by reducing the difference in air environment (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, air volume) between the shelves, it is possible to prevent uneven growth of plants in the shelves and in each shelf.

Moreover, in the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention,
It is desirable that the side material be formed of a flexible sheet.

  In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration, since the side members disposed on the four sides are formed of a flexible sheet, the cultivation area is in a reduced pressure state due to the exhaust device. Thus, each side material is drawn to the cultivation area side to close the gap with the structural frame. Thereby, it can suppress that external air flows in into a cultivation area from places other than an inlet port, and generation | occurrence | production of the temperature difference between each shelf resulting from the said air can be prevented suitably. Furthermore, if a general structure such as a roll screen is applied to the arrangement of the side members, the length of the side members (the length in the direction perpendicular to the ground contact surface) can be arbitrarily adjusted. By adjusting the distance from the ground, the width of the air intake can be easily changed. In addition, when dealing with problems that occur during cultivation and performing inspections and regular maintenance on vegetation (for example, treatment of lower leaves of vegetation etc.), it is possible to roll up the side material and easily intervene at the desired position in the cultivation area It is possible to remove the side member from the structural frame, which is necessary when using the plate-like side member, and to temporarily place it in a position where it does not interfere with operation.

Moreover, in the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention,
It is desirable that the side surface material and the ceiling material have a light reflection layer on the surface facing the structural frame.

  In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration, the light irradiated from the lighting device is reflected and diffused by the reflecting surfaces of the ceiling material and the side material, and the entire plants in the cultivation area are uniformly irradiated. be able to.

  According to the present invention, the air such as the installation place of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus can be taken into the cultivation area, the occurrence of the temperature difference of each shelf can be suppressed, and the internal temperature can be made substantially uniform. While reducing a difference, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which can perform maintenance of a cultivation area easily can be provided.

It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment, Comprising: Fig.1 (a) is the X-axis (short side direction) in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of this embodiment, Z-axis (longitudinal direction) FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the Y-axis (longitudinal direction) and the Z-axis (longitudinal direction) in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of the vegetation plate 7 in FIG. 1, Comprising: Fig.2 (a) is a top view which shows the structure of the vegetation plate 7, FIG.2 (b) is a side view which shows the structure of the vegetation plate 7 . It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the arrangement | positioning relationship between the vegetation plate 7 and the hydroponic cultivation tank 5. As shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of a cultivation operation which used the slide of the vegetation plate 7. FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of the air inside the water culture apparatus 1 in this embodiment, Comprising: FIG. 6 (a) is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of the air of the whole water culture apparatus 1 in this embodiment, 6 (b) is a schematic view showing the flow of air in the vicinity of the side member 9. As shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the state which adjusted the length of the side material 9. As shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the measurement point position in wind speed measurement. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of hydroponic cultivation apparatus C which concerns on another embodiment used by the Example of this invention, Comprising: Fig.9 (a) is a cross section of the X-axis (short side direction) in hydroponic cultivation apparatus C It is a figure, FIG.9 (b) is sectional drawing of the Y-axis (longitudinal direction) in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus C. As shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, representative embodiments of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. However, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated ones, and each drawing is for explaining the present invention conceptually. Therefore, for the sake of easy understanding, the dimensions, ratios or numbers may be exaggerated as needed. Or it may be simplified and represented. Furthermore, in the following description, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions may be omitted.

1. Outline of hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 The outline of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 having a size in the X, Y, Z directions in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Fig.1 (a) and (b) is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment, Comprising: Fig.1 (a) is the X-axis in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of this embodiment, It is sectional drawing which shows the condition of Z-axis, FIG.1 (b) is sectional drawing which shows the condition of Y-axis in the water culture apparatus 1 of this embodiment, and Z-axis.

  In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the ceiling material 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the structural frame 3 constituting the main body, and the sheet-like side material 9 is disposed on the side surfaces of four sides to cover the inside. The cultivation area 21 is configured, and further, light from the nutrient solution 27 and the lighting device 13 is supplied to the cultivation area 21 to enable stable cultivation of the plant 201.

  In addition, the light irradiated from the lighting device 13 is efficiently reflected and diffused to the vegetation plate 7 which plants the plant 201, and the inner surface of the ceiling material 11 and the side material 9 (the surface facing the cultivation pattern rear 21 side). Since the photosynthesis of the plant 201 can be made more efficient by providing the reflecting surface 19 to be made to grow, the growth of the plant 201 can be promoted with almost no influence of weather, temperature, pests and the like.

  Moreover, since the external shape is formed in rectangular solid shape and the side surface of the four-way upper side than the vegetation plate 7 is covered in the water culture apparatus 1 of this embodiment, there is almost no air inflow from the side, and it is natural If each shelf 33 is divided into sections, air flow is difficult to be generated, and heat emitted from the lighting device 13 is easily accumulated. By arranging an exhaust port above the cultivation apparatus 1, an air flow is generated in the cultivation area 21 to facilitate external release of heat in the cultivation area 21, thereby preventing the occurrence of a temperature difference between the stages. can do.

  More specifically, it is an apparatus for mainly cultivating the plant 201 indoors, and while supplying nutrients necessary for the cultivation of the plant 201 and light necessary for photosynthesis, water from below the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 The air at the installation site of the cultivation apparatus 1 (for example, air conditioned) can be taken into the cultivation area 21 (in some cases, circulated) to make the temperature in the cultivation area 21 substantially uniform.

2. Structure of hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 <Configuration of hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1>
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment generally includes a structural frame 3 as a main body of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 and a vegetation plate for holding a plant 201. 7, a plurality of elongated hydroponic culture tanks 5 for supplying a nutrient solution 27 containing nutrients to the plant 201, a lighting device 13 for promoting photosynthesis of the plant 201, and air in the cultivation area 21. It comprises an exhaust device 15 for discharging, and a roller type conveyor 17 that supports the support of the vegetation plate 7 and the slide in the longitudinal direction Y.

<Structure of Structure Frame 3>
The structural frame 3 is a substantially rectangular main body forming a so-called box-like space as a whole, and the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment can be realized by mounting other components on the structural frame 3. It is formed. The structural frame 3 comprises a column 3A disposed at a predetermined interval, a longitudinal beam 3B connecting the columns 3A in the longitudinal direction Y, and a short direction beam 3C connecting the columns 3A in the lateral direction X. It is configured. The size of the structural frame 3 is determined according to the type of the plant 201 to be cultivated, the number of simultaneous cultivation, etc., and assembled from the number of columns 3A required and the longitudinal beams 3B and the transverse beams 3C. It is desirable to configure. For example, a steel pipe or angle steel can be used for the column 3A, the longitudinal beam 3B and the short direction beam 3C, but steels of various shapes according to the size of the structural frame 3 and the required load resistance. Can be used.

  A predetermined separation distance is provided on the structural frame 3 and a multistage shelf 33 is provided, and the vegetation plate 7 described later is disposed on the shelf 33 to grow the plants 201. The shelf 33 is a ladder-like frame configured of a plurality of longitudinal beams 3B arranged in the longitudinal direction Y and a plurality of short direction beams 3C connecting the longitudinal beams 3B at a predetermined interval. . In the present embodiment, a plurality of the shelves 33 are placed to cope with a large number of cultivated strains, but a single stage may be used.

<Ceiling material 11 and side material 9>
As described above, the ceiling material 11 is disposed on the upper surface which is the ceiling of the structural frame 3, and the side material 9 is disposed on the four side surfaces. The ceiling material 11 can be formed using various materials such as wood, resin or metal. Further, the side member 9 is formed by using a flexible and windable sheet body, and a part of the side member 9 is fixed to the upper side (in the vicinity of the ceiling member 11) of the side of the structural frame 3 It is placed hanging down. In this embodiment, the structure of a common roll screen is adapted, and the length of the side member 9 can be arbitrarily adjusted by the winding tool 29 disposed above the four side surfaces.

  Moreover, since the inner surface (surface facing the cultivation area 21) in the ceiling material 11 and the side material 9 is provided with the reflective surface 19 which can reflect and diffuse light, the illumination device 13 described later is irradiated Light can be reflected within the cultivation area 21 and diffused sufficiently so that the whole plant 201 can be irradiated.

  In addition, the length of the side material 9 at the time of cultivation (the length in the direction perpendicular to the ground contact surface 203) is shorter than the column 3C, and is not in contact with the ground contact surface 203. Accordingly, the side faces of the four sides of the structural frame 3 have the slit-like air inlet 31 at the lower side, and the inside and the outside of the cultivation area 21 are communicated with each other through the air inlet 31. Air conditioned (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration) can be taken in.

  The ceiling material 11 is provided with an exhaust port (not shown) communicating the inside of the cultivation area 21 with the outside, and an exhaust device 15 is further connected to the exhaust port. Thereby, the air in the cultivation area 21 can be effectively exhausted to the outside through the exhaust port, and an air flow can be generated in the cultivation area 21 to flow upward from below. As a result of the airflow flowing upward is ventilated through the vent holes 37 formed in the vegetation plate 7, it is possible to make the environment (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration) in the cultivation area 21 uniform. In the present embodiment, the exhaust device 15 is directly attached to the exhaust port. However, the exhaust device 15 may be disposed at a distance via a duct or the like.

<Exhaust device 15>
Although various exhaust fans can be used as the exhaust device 15, it is preferable to use, for example, a case fan used for an electric machine device or the like, and it depends on the capacity of the cultivation area 21, for example, about 10 m ³ / It is desirable to have an exhaust capacity of min. In addition, the exhaust device 15 may be disposed at various positions apart from the position of the exhaust port in order to enhance the circulation efficiency of the air in the cultivation area 21.

<Roller type conveyor 17>
The roller conveyor 17 is a component disposed on each shelf 33 so that the rollers rotate in the longitudinal direction Y, and is slidably supported in the longitudinal direction Y by coming into contact with the bottom surface side of the vegetation plate 7 described later. It is a thing. In the present embodiment, the roller conveyor 17 is continuously disposed from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction Y of the structural frame 3.

<Lighting device 13>
The illumination device 13 is for emitting light in the cultivation area 21 and supplying light necessary for photosynthesis of plants, and various light sources can be used, but an LED light source having high energy efficiency and suppressing excessive heat dissipation It is desirable to configure using The illumination device 13 of the present embodiment is formed in a long shape and is fixed substantially parallel to the short direction X below the hydroponic cultivation tank 5, but depending on the size and shape of the cultivation area 21, the shelf 33 And may be fixed substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction Y.

  The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of this embodiment supplies the light required for the photosynthesis of the plant 201 by the illumination device 13 described above. Although this lighting device 13 is provided between the respective shelves 33, the retention of the air warmed by the lighting device 13 is prevented by exhausting the air in the hydroponic cultivation device 1 described later to the outside of the device. , And temperature in each shelf 33 and each location can be equalized.

Vegetation plate 7
Next, the structure of the vegetation plate 7 will be described in detail. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the structure of the vegetation plate 7, and FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view showing the structure of the vegetation plate 7, and FIG. 2 (b) shows the vegetation plate 7 It is a side view showing the structure of. The vegetation plate 7 is a component that is a base of the plant 201, can be positioned while holding the plant 201, and can be immersed in the nutrient solution 27 in the hydroponic culture tank 5 described later.

  Vegetation plate 7 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape, having rising portions 39 at both ends in the longitudinal direction Y, and further comprising a vegetation hole 35 formed of a through hole on the plate surface for holding plant 201, and a moving path of air. A predetermined number of vent holes 37 are provided at predetermined intervals. The vegetation plate 7 may be formed by adopting various planar shapes depending on the type of cultivation and the planting density.

  Alternatively, the vegetation plate 7 may be formed thick to omit the rising portion 39 described above. In such a case, in addition to forming the vents 37 as through holes, notches such as semicircles are formed on the edge of the vegetation plate 7 and the vents 37 are formed when the other vegetation plates 7 are abutted. It may be configured to function.

  The air vents 37 are air moving paths, which are disposed at a predetermined pitch so as not to be largely deviated with respect to the entire surface of the vegetation plate 7, and which communicate the surface side and the back side of the plate. As the air passes through the vent holes 37, the air strikes the lower surface of the leaves of the plant planted in the vegetation holes 35, destroying the foliage boundary layer, and fresh air can be supplied to the leaves. This has the effect of promoting plant growth. Although the distance between the vents 37 and the vegetation holes 35 depends on the plant 201 to be grown, it is preferable to reduce the distance as much as possible.

  The vegetation hole 35 is to grow while inserting and holding the plant 201 surrounded by a substantially sponge-like culture medium 41 made of, for example, urethane resin or the like. In addition, the number of the vegetation holes 35 is determined by the number of simultaneously grown plants of the plant 201 with respect to one vegetation plate 7, and the number of the vents 37 is determined by the volume of the cultivation area 21 and the volume between the respective shelves 33 It is

  Although not illustrated, a groove may be provided on the back surface side of the vegetation plate 7 to improve the function. For example, if a groove parallel to the longitudinal direction Y is formed at a position in contact with the roller type conveyor 17, it becomes a guide when sliding the vegetation plate 7 in the longitudinal direction Y, and the slide can be performed easily and reliably. Moreover, if the ditch which can insert this hydroponic cultivation tank 5 in the position directly on the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 mentioned later is provided, the root of the plant 201 can be immersed in the nutrient solution 27 reliably.

  In the hydroponic cultivation unit 1 of the present embodiment, when cultivating a large number of plants 201, a plurality of vegetation plates 7 and a hydroponic cultivation tank 5 in the cultivation area 21 are connected by a joint etc. It can be used by arranging in the upper part of the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 which abolished (abuts the rise part 39 comrades of the adjacent vegetation plate 7). In the state where the vegetation plates 7 are butted, for example, the roller type conveyor 17 can be moved in the longitudinal direction Y while rotating, so that the plants 201 can be taken in and out, for example, on the upstream side and downstream side Workability can be suitably improved only at two places.

  Even in such a case, if the vent holes 37 are formed in the vegetation plate 7 as in the present invention, heat retention can be mitigated, and the air in the cultivation area 21 is further discharged from the exhaust port 15 by the exhaust device 15. Since exhaust can be performed, it is possible to further prevent heat retention and temperature unevenness among the shelves 33. In addition, when the gap between the vegetation plate 7 and the side member 9 is small, the amount of air passing through the gap decreases, and the amount of air passing through the vent hole 37 increases. It can be made uniform.

  In order to make the temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration of the cultivation area 21 uniform, it is preferable to increase the aeration amount passing through each shelf 33. However, in order to break down the foliage boundary layer of plants and promote photosynthesis of plants, a wind speed of 1.5 to 0.1 m / min is preferable, and when it is faster than 1.5 m / min, stress on plants is If it is slower than 0.1 m / min, there is a problem that the foliage boundary layer can not be broken. As described above, in order to set the wind speed within the predetermined range, it is necessary to adjust the size and the position of the opening (vent 37) of each shelf 33 with respect to the displacement, and in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of this embodiment, It is desirable that the ratio of the openings (the vents 37 and the other gaps) to the area of the step vegetation plate 7 (the closed portion excluding the vents 37) be in the range of 3 to 50%. Moreover, in order to set it as 0.5 to 1.0 m / min of a more preferable wind speed in the photosynthesis of the plant 201, it is desirable to make the ratio of an opening into 16 to 9%.

<Hydroponic culture tank 5>
Next, the structure of the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 is demonstrated in detail using FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the structure of the hydroponic cultivation tank 5. As shown in FIG. 3, the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 is a water tank made of synthetic resin, and is a long water tank having a substantially U-shaped cross section. Since the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 stores or circulates the nutrient solution 27 which promotes the growth of the plant 201 inside, the end wall 43 is provided at both ends and the nutrient solution 27 flows out to the outside. To prevent that. A plurality of hydroponic cultivation tanks 5 are arranged substantially in parallel to the longitudinal direction Y, and are held on the upper surfaces of the plurality of short direction beams 3C that constitute the shelf 33.

  In addition, when circulating the nutrient solution 27 in the hydroponic cultivation tank 5, the river upper side and downstream side which become the both ends of the longitudinal direction Y of the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 are set, for example, A pump, a water conveyance pipe, etc. are used. This is possible by supplying a nutrient solution 27 from the water storage tank provided outside to the upper side of the river, draining it from the downstream side, and returning it to the water storage tank. And it is preferable to provide a gradient so that a river upper side may become high in the hydroponic cultivation tank 5. As shown in FIG. In addition, the circulation mechanism of the nutrient solution 27 is not limited to this, According to preparation of cultivation, a suitable aspect can be taken suitably.

  Next, the arrangement relationship between the vegetation plate 7 and the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 described above with reference to FIG. 4 will be described in detail. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the arrangement relationship between the vegetation plate 7 and the hydroponic cultivation tank 5. The vegetation plate 7 and the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 are installed in the form which straddles a plurality of hydroponic cultivation tanks 5 as shown in FIG. 4, and grow the several plant 201 by one vegetation plate 7 While being able to perform operations such as harvesting, even when the size of the vegetation plate 7 is large, fresh air can be supplied to the plant 201 by the vent 37. In addition, the vent hole 37 is provided so as to be located above between the hydroponic cultivation tanks 5 arranged in parallel. Further, since the positional relationship is adjusted such that the hydroponic culture tank 5 is disposed below the vegetation holes 35, the roots of the plants 201 held in the respective vegetation holes 35 are surely cultivated in the hydroponic culture tank 5 Immersed in liquid 27.

  Further, since both the vegetation plate 7 and the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 are disposed substantially in parallel to the longitudinal direction Y, even if the vegetation plate 7 is slid in the longitudinal direction Y, the plant 201 together with the vegetation plate 7 is It can be moved along the hydroponic culture tank 5.

  In addition, it is not necessary to necessarily arrange the vegetation plate 7 of 1 sheet with respect to the full length of the transversal direction X of each shelf 33, for example, even if it divides into several sheets for each hydroponic cultivation tank 5 (separate) Good. The vegetation plate 7 used in the said structure can substitute the clearance gap of the adjacent hydroponic cultivation tank 5 besides the method of providing the vent hole 37 as a hole. Further, by forming the vegetation plate 7 of each row with a plurality of sheets, it is possible to arrange and cultivate a plurality of types of plants 201 in the short direction X even within the respective shelves 33, and the types of plants 201 differ. The vegetation plate 7 can be slid in the longitudinal direction Y in accordance with the growth rate to perform optimum cultivation work.

3. Cultivation using hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 <cultivation using slide function>
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of a cultivation operation using a slide of the vegetation plate 7. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 used here is one in which the longitudinal direction Y is configured to have a predetermined length, the hydroponic cultivation tank 5 is formed according to this, and the nutrient solution 27, the cultivation temperature, etc. are collectively managed. The aim is to achieve uniform production and high yield. Thus, when the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is comprised, as shown in FIG. 5, highly efficient cultivation can be performed. More specifically, first, a vegetation plate 7 on which young seedlings, such as immediately after germination, are planted is inserted into the cultivation area 21 from the upstream side of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 and waits until growth for a certain period is completed. Next, while adding another vegetation plate 7 on which young seedlings are newly planted from the riverside, the previously inserted vegetation plate 7 is pushed and slid in the longitudinal direction Y, and the added seedlings are grown for a certain period. By repeating the above procedure, the plants 201 with different degrees of growth are arranged from the upper stream side to the lower stream side, and the longitudinal direction Y of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is set to a length such that the vegetation plate 7 can be recovered from the lower stream side If it does, it can be harvested (in other words, recovery of the vegetation plate 7) simultaneously with the addition of a seedling (in other words, the addition of the vegetation plate 7).

<Temperature equalization of each shelf 33 by air circulation>
Next, using FIG. 6 (a) and (b), the ventilation in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 through the exhaust of the air of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 in the present embodiment to the outside of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 will be described in detail. explain. Fig.6 (a) and (b) is a figure which shows the flow of the air inside hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 in this embodiment, Comprising: Fig.6 (a) is the whole hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 in this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of air, FIG.6 (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of the air of the side material 9 vicinity.

  As shown to Fig.6 (a), the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of this embodiment discharges internal air outside, taking in external air inside with the exhaust apparatus 15 provided in the ceiling material 11. Can. More specifically, when the fan of the exhaust system 15 is rotated, the air is exhausted to the outside through the exhaust system 15 and a negative pressure is generated at the exhaust port portion. It is drawn to the side and ascends in the device. At this time, since the inside of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is in a depressurized state, external air is taken into the inside through the air inlets 31 provided below the side surface members 9 in four directions.

  As described above, the vegetation plate 7 includes the vent holes 37, and the vent holes 37 are positioned above the plurality of hydroponic culture tanks 5 arranged in parallel. The air can move on the front and back sides of the Therefore, the air between the vegetation plates 7 arranged in multiple stages can easily rise to the ceiling material 11 side without being blocked by the vegetation plate 7.

  As described above, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment operates the exhaust device 15 to move air between the shelves 33 in the inside, thereby effectively suppressing partial stagnation for a long time Can. In addition, since a plurality of vent holes 37 provided in the vegetation plate 7 are provided at predetermined intervals, there is no bias in the movement of the air, and the air between the shelves 33 can move substantially uniformly. Therefore, by reducing the difference in the air environment (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, air volume) between the shelves 33, it is possible to prevent uneven growth of the plants 201 between the shelves 33 and in each shelf.

  Further, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, since the side members 9 disposed on the four sides as described above are formed of a sheet having flexibility, the cultivation area due to the exhaust device 15 When 21 is in a depressurized state, each side material 9 is drawn to the cultivation area 21 side, and the function of closing the gap with the structural frame 3 works (see FIG. 6 (b)). Thereby, it is possible to further reduce the inflow of external air from the area other than the air inlet 31 into the cultivation area 21 and to preferably prevent the occurrence of the temperature difference between the shelves 33 caused by the air.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, in the present embodiment, a general roll screen structure is applied to the arrangement mode of the side members 9, so the winding tool 29 arranged above four side surfaces of the structural frame 3. Thus, the length of the side members 9 (length in the direction perpendicular to the ground surface 203) can be arbitrarily adjusted. Thereby, the distance between the side member 9 and the ground contact surface 203 can be adjusted to easily change the width of the intake port 31. In addition, when carrying out trouble handling or inspection and regular maintenance (for example, lower leaf treatment of vegetation etc.) generated during cultivation, the side material 9 can be rolled up to easily intervene at a desired position in the cultivation area 21. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a state in which the length of the side member 9 is adjusted.

  As described above, by forming the side members 9 in the form of a sheet, it is possible to easily adjust the circulation amount of air optimal for cultivation, and to greatly contribute to the improvement of various maintainability. By setting the cultivation environment of the plant 201 under the same condition, it is possible to make the growing speed uniform, and to make the size of the plant 201 to be shipped uniform, it is possible to improve the non-defective rate.

  Here, in order to compare the wind speed in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 (cultivation area 21) of the above-mentioned present embodiment, the following experiment was conducted.

«Experimental example 1»
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus A which had the said structure was produced. More specifically, the side member 9 is formed of a sheet, the area of the vegetation plate 7 is 4.3 m ² , the volume of each shelf 33 is 8 m ³ , the number of shelves 33 is six stages, and the exhaust device 15 of 37 W Six plants of the arrangement 16 and 16 lamps of 23W are arranged on each shelf 33 to constitute the hydroponic cultivation apparatus A, and the vegetation plate 7 on which the plants 201 are actually planted is arranged. While irradiating the light, the air in the exhaust area 21 was discharged to the outside.

  Moreover, except that the side material 9 was formed with the board | plate material, it carried out similarly to said hydroponic cultivation apparatus A, and produced hydroponic cultivation apparatus B.

  In each shelf 33 of the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation devices A and B, the wind speed at five points different in measurement position was measured. The wind speed measuring instrument used is CUSTOM CW-60. Further, specific measurement positions are shown in FIG. 8 and the obtained results are shown in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus B in which the side material 9 was formed of a plate material, the difference in the wind speed at each measurement position in each shelf 33 was large, and the largest was 0.5 m / sec. In addition, the wind speed between the shelves 33 is also largely dispersed, and it can not be said that the air circulation is uniform. On the other hand, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus A, the difference in the wind speed at each measurement position in each shelf 33 was small, and the largest was only 0.2 m / sec. In addition, the wind speed between the shelves 33 is also not largely different, and it can be said that it is generally an approximate value. Moreover, a big difference has arisen also in the general average wind speed in both, and it is 1.0 m / sec in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus A to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus B being 0.7 m / sec, and the cultivation area 21 It can be seen that the wind speed of the moving air is improved by 46%.

  This is due to the aspect of the side member 9, and as described above, since the outside air is prevented from intruding into the cultivation area 21 from other than the air inlet 31, the direction of the air flow is limited from the upper side to the lower side. It is because it was exhausted to the outside well. By promoting the circulation of the air in the cultivation area 21, it is considered that the stagnation of the air in each shelf 33 and each part of each shelf 33 is eliminated, and the temperature difference is reduced.

  Here, the temperature of each shelf 33 of the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation apparatus A at the time of the operation presence or absence of the exhaust system 15 was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

  As shown in Table 2, in the case where the exhaust device 15 was not operated, the highest temperature in the sixth stage was 29.3 ° C., and the lowest temperature in the first stage was 23.3 ° C. As a result, it can be seen that in the cultivation area 21 when the exhaust device 15 was not operated, a temperature difference of 6.0 ° C. was generated between the shelves 33. On the other hand, in the case where the exhaust system 15 was operated, the highest temperature in the sixth stage was 24.2 degrees, and the lowest temperature in the first stage was 23.1 degrees. As a result, it was confirmed that the cultivation area 21 when the exhaust device 15 was in operation contained a temperature difference of 1.1 ° C. between the shelves 33, and the temperature unevenness was small. Also from this temperature measurement result, it is understood that the intake position and the exhaust position of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus A are fixed, the direction of the air flow is limited, and the air of each shelf 33 is efficiently exhausted to the outside.

«Experimental example 2»
Next, in order to compare the temperature in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus C (cultivation area 103) having the structure shown in FIG. 9, the following experiment was performed.

The hydroponic cultivation apparatus C which has a structure shown in FIG. 9 was produced. Specifically, the shelf 113 is arranged in three stages at intervals of 350 mm in the cultivation area 103 with a width of 890 mm × length 1530 mm × height 1600 mm as outer diameter dimensions, and each shelf 113 is provided as a lighting device 109 manufactured by Toshiba Corporation Four 23W LED bulbs were placed. The water culture culture tank 107 arranges a water supply type 20 water tank made of PVC, and the water culture culture plate 105 used a 20 mm thick product made of expanded polystyrene. In addition, the plate 105 for hydroponic cultivation has a through hole 127 for ventilation at the center. Moreover, the exhaust fan 111 discharged the air in the cultivation area 103 to the outside using 54.5 W of power consumption by Oriental Motor Co., Ltd. and a ventilation capacity of 12.8 m ³ / min (MRE 18-BH).

  A hydroponic cultivation apparatus D was produced in the same manner as the above hydroponic cultivation apparatus C except that the exhaust fan 111 was not operated.

  Further, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus E was produced in the same manner as the above-described hydroponic cultivation apparatus C except that the aeration through holes 127 were not provided in the hydroponic culture plate 105.

  The ambient temperature of each shelf 113 of the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation apparatuses C, D and E and the outside was measured. The temperature measurement device used is a data logger GL-820 manufactured by GRAPHTEC, and the measurement position is about 200 mm below the lower end of the lighting device 109 in each shelf 113 and the vicinity of the approximate center of the short direction X and the end . In addition, the measurement conditions were such that the measurement was started simultaneously with the lighting of the illumination device 109, and after confirming that the temperature became constant from the start of the measurement (about one hour), the measurement was ended. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.

  As shown in Table 3, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus C, the difference in the ambient temperature in each shelf 113 and the outside is less than 1 degree in both the vicinity of the center and the ends, and the temperature uniformity is suitably achieved. You can confirm that you are doing. On the other hand, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus D in which the exhaust fan 111 was not operated, a remarkable temperature difference was confirmed, in which both the vicinity of the approximate center and the end of each shelf 113 were approximately 5 degrees. Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus E, since the exhaust fan 111 was operated, the difference of the atmosphere temperature in each shelf 113 is small, but since the plate 105 for hydroponic cultivation is not equipped with the through holes 127 A relatively clear temperature difference could be confirmed at ambient temperature.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention is not limited to the other embodiments without departing from the spirit and the teaching of the claims. There are improvements and modifications of. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that all such improvements and modifications are included in the technical scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydroponic cultivation apparatus 3 Structure frame 3 A Column 3 B Longitudinal beam 3 C Short direction beam 5 Hydroponic cultivation tank 7 Vegetation plate 9 Side material 11 Ceiling material 13 Lighting device 15 Exhaust device 17 Roller type conveyor 19 Reflective surface 21 Cultivation area 27 Nutrient solution 29 Winder 31 Air intake 33 Shelf 35 Vegetation hole 37 Air vent 39 Rising part 41 Culture medium 43 End wall 103 Cultivation area 103A Ceiling plate 103B Side plate 103C Strut 105 Plate for hydroponic culture 107 Hydroponic culture tank 109 Lighting equipment 111 Exhaust fan 113 Shelf 113 A Longitudinal beam 113 B Short direction beam 115 Roller type conveyor 117 Opening 119 Reflective surface 121 Plant 123 Nutrient solution 129 Culture medium 141 Rail 201 Plant 203 Grounding surface C Hydroponic culture apparatus X Short direction Y Longitudinal direction

Claims (4)

A substantially rectangular structural frame composed of columns and beams;
Hydroponic culture tank which is a long tank,
A vegetation plate having a vegetation hole and a vent,
Side material which covers the side of four sides,
Ceiling material,
A lighting device,
With the exhaust port,
An exhaust device connected to the exhaust port;
An air inlet located at a height between the lowermost vegetation plate and the ground plane;
And comprising
Hydroponic cultivation apparatus characterized by The illumination device is disposed above the vegetation board, and the hydroponic cultivation rack configured by disposing the hydroponic cultivation tank below is disposed in multiple stages and in multiple rows in the structural frame. ,
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The side member is formed of a flexible sheet.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Providing the light reflecting layer on a surface of the side surface material and the ceiling material facing the structural frame;
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus in any one of the Claims 1-3 characterized by these.