JP2019174096A - Hybrid heat pump device - Google Patents
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 217
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 121
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとからなるハイブリッド型のヒートポンプ装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a hybrid heat pump apparatus including a compression refrigeration cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle.
従来の冷凍サイクルには、圧縮冷凍サイクルや吸収冷凍サイクルなどがある。圧縮冷凍サイクルは、蒸発器で気化した冷媒蒸気を圧縮機で圧縮し、高温高圧になった冷媒蒸気を凝縮器で冷却液化させ、この冷媒液を膨張弁経由で蒸発器に戻している。この圧縮冷凍サイクルを用いたヒートポンプ装置では、冷媒の循環方向を切替えることにより、利用側熱交換器を蒸発器として冷房運転を、また利用側熱交換器を凝縮器として暖房運転を行えるようにもできる。 Conventional refrigeration cycles include a compression refrigeration cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle. In the compression refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapor evaporated by the evaporator is compressed by the compressor, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is cooled and liquefied by the condenser, and this refrigerant liquid is returned to the evaporator via the expansion valve. In the heat pump apparatus using this compression refrigeration cycle, by switching the circulation direction of the refrigerant, it is possible to perform cooling operation using the use side heat exchanger as an evaporator and heating operation using the use side heat exchanger as a condenser. it can.
吸収冷凍サイクルによる冷房運転は、蒸発器で冷温水から熱を奪って気化した冷媒蒸気を、吸収器で吸収溶液に吸収させ、この吸収溶液を再生器に送って加熱し、吸収溶液から冷媒蒸気を発生させ分離する。発生した冷媒蒸気は凝縮器に導き冷却液化させ、この冷媒液を膨張弁経由で蒸発器に戻している。吸収冷凍サイクルによる暖房運転は、例えば文献1のように、高温熱源により吸収溶液から発生した冷媒蒸気を蒸発器に導いて凝縮させる方式が一般的であり、単に加えた熱源の熱量で蒸発器を通る冷温水を加熱しているだけである。 In the cooling operation by the absorption refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the cold / hot water by the evaporator is absorbed into the absorption solution by the absorber, the absorption solution is sent to the regenerator and heated, and the refrigerant vapor is discharged from the absorption solution. Is generated and separated. The generated refrigerant vapor is led to a condenser to be cooled and liquefied, and this refrigerant liquid is returned to the evaporator via an expansion valve. The heating operation by the absorption refrigeration cycle is generally performed by a method in which the refrigerant vapor generated from the absorption solution by the high-temperature heat source is led to the evaporator and condensed as in Document 1, for example, and the evaporator is simply set by the heat amount of the added heat source. It just heats the cold water that passes through.
ヒートポンプ装置としては、圧縮機を用いた圧縮冷凍サイクルとすることが多いが、太陽熱パネルやエンジンラジエーターからの温水などを用いた吸収冷凍サイクルを組み込むことで、圧縮仕事の低減を図る方式が提案されている。例えば文献２や文献３では、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルに同一の冷媒を使用して蒸発器と凝縮器を共用とし、圧縮機と吸収溶液循環系を並列に設け、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルを並行して行わせるようにしている。蒸発器からの冷媒蒸気量の内、吸収溶液サイクルに吸収された分だけ、圧縮仕事を低減することができる。また、文献４や文献５では、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルの冷媒を別系統として分離し、サイクル間を熱的に接続することで、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとで異種冷媒の使用を可能にしている。文献４の例では圧縮冷凍サイクルの蒸発器からでてくる冷媒蒸気を、吸収冷凍サイクルの蒸発器の被冷却側で液化して圧縮冷凍サイクルの蒸発器入口側に導入することで、圧縮仕事を減らしている。また、文献５の例では、圧縮冷凍サイクルの凝縮器の出口冷媒液を、吸収冷凍サイクルの冷熱で過冷却して圧縮冷凍サイクルの冷房能力を増大させたり、あるいは二段圧縮機の中間の冷媒蒸気を吸収冷凍サイクルの冷熱で冷却して過熱度を下げて高圧段圧縮機に必要な圧縮仕事を低減させたりしている。 As a heat pump device, a compression refrigeration cycle using a compressor is often used, but a method for reducing the compression work by incorporating an absorption refrigeration cycle using hot water from a solar panel or an engine radiator has been proposed. ing. For example, in Reference 2 and Reference 3, the same refrigerant is used for the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle, the evaporator and the condenser are shared, the compressor and the absorption solution circulation system are provided in parallel, and the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration are provided. The cycle is performed in parallel. The compression work can be reduced by the amount absorbed by the absorption solution cycle in the amount of refrigerant vapor from the evaporator. Moreover, in the literature 4 and the literature 5, the refrigerant | coolant of a compression refrigeration cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle is isolate | separated as another system | strain, and the use of a different kind of refrigerant | coolant is used by a compression refrigeration cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle by thermally connecting between cycles. It is possible. In the example of Reference 4, the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator of the compression refrigeration cycle is liquefied on the cooled side of the evaporator of the absorption refrigeration cycle and introduced into the evaporator inlet side of the compression refrigeration cycle, so that the compression work is performed. It is decreasing. In the example of Document 5, the refrigerant refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor of the compression refrigeration cycle is supercooled by the cooling heat of the absorption refrigeration cycle to increase the cooling capacity of the compression refrigeration cycle, or the refrigerant in the middle of the two-stage compressor The steam is cooled by the cold energy of the absorption refrigeration cycle to reduce the degree of superheat and reduce the compression work required for the high-pressure compressor.
圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルからなるハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置において、圧縮冷凍サイクルでは冷媒の循環方向を切替えることにより、利用側熱交換器を蒸発器として冷房運転を、また利用側熱交換器を凝縮器として暖房運転が行える。吸収冷凍サイクルでは、冷房時は冷凍サイクルを行うが、暖房時には冷凍サイクルを行うのではなく所謂ボイラとして、単に駆動熱源をそのまま利用しているのが一般的である。本発明は、暖房運転時にも吸収冷凍サイクルを利用して、駆動熱源の熱量と吸収器熱量の合算の熱量を暖房に利用できるようにしようとするものである。 In a hybrid heat pump device consisting of a compression refrigeration cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle, by switching the refrigerant circulation direction in the compression refrigeration cycle, cooling operation is performed with the use side heat exchanger as an evaporator, and the use side heat exchanger as a condenser. Heating operation can be performed. In the absorption refrigeration cycle, a refrigeration cycle is performed during cooling, but a refrigeration cycle is not performed during heating, but a drive heat source is generally used as it is as a so-called boiler. The present invention intends to use the heat quantity of the drive heat source and the heat quantity of the absorber for heating by using the absorption refrigeration cycle even during heating operation.
圧縮機構、熱源側熱交換器、利用側熱交換器及び冷媒配管を備えた圧縮冷凍サイクルと、再生器、吸収器、溶液配管及び冷媒配管を備えた吸収冷凍サイクルとからなり、配管の切替により冷房と暖房を行えるようにしたヒートポンプ装置において、暖房時に、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器の吸収溶液からの放出熱と、吸収冷凍サイクルの再生器の発生冷媒蒸気熱を、圧縮冷凍サイクル系の利用側熱交換器に導いて放熱させるように構成する。即ち、利用側熱交換器出口からの冷媒液Ｒ１を吸収器の被加熱側に送って、吸収溶液で加熱蒸発させ、蒸発した冷媒Ｒ１を利用側熱交換器入口に戻すと共に、再生器で駆動熱源により溶液を加熱して発生させた冷媒蒸気もまた利用側熱交換器入口に導いて、利用側熱交換器にて凝縮させる。 It consists of a compression refrigeration cycle equipped with a compression mechanism, a heat source side heat exchanger, a use side heat exchanger and refrigerant piping, and an absorption refrigeration cycle equipped with a regenerator, absorber, solution piping and refrigerant piping. In a heat pump apparatus that can perform cooling and heating, during heating, the heat released from the absorption solution of the absorber of the absorption refrigeration cycle and the generated refrigerant vapor heat of the regenerator of the absorption refrigeration cycle are used on the use side of the compression refrigeration cycle system The heat exchanger is configured to release heat. That is, the refrigerant liquid R1 from the use side heat exchanger outlet is sent to the heated side of the absorber, heated and evaporated by the absorbing solution, and the evaporated refrigerant R1 is returned to the use side heat exchanger inlet and driven by the regenerator. The refrigerant vapor generated by heating the solution with the heat source is also led to the entrance of the use side heat exchanger and condensed in the use side heat exchanger.
前述の手段は、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとで冷媒が同一で、両サイクル間を冷媒蒸気が直接行き来するハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置に対応したものである。しかし、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとで冷媒が異なる場合は、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとの間で冷媒移動はできないので、両サイクルを熱的に接続することになる。この場合は、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器と凝縮器からの放出熱を前述の吸収器からの放出熱と同様に扱うことができる。即ち、圧縮冷凍サイクルの利用側熱交換器出口からの冷媒液Ｒ１を吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器と凝縮器の被加熱側に送って、放出熱で該冷媒Ｒ１を加熱蒸発させ、蒸発した冷媒Ｒ１を利用側熱交換器入口に戻すことで、利用側熱交換器で暖房に利用することができる。以下、より具体的に解決するための手段について述べる。 The above-described means corresponds to a hybrid heat pump apparatus in which the refrigerant is the same in the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the refrigerant vapor goes back and forth directly between the two cycles. However, if the refrigerant is different between the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant cannot move between the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle, so both cycles are thermally connected. In this case, the heat released from the absorber and the condenser of the absorption refrigeration cycle can be handled in the same manner as the heat released from the absorber. That is, the refrigerant liquid R1 from the outlet of the use side heat exchanger of the compression refrigeration cycle is sent to the absorber and the heated side of the condenser in the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the refrigerant R1 is heated and evaporated by the released heat, and the evaporated refrigerant R1 Can be utilized for heating by the use side heat exchanger. Hereinafter, means for more specifically solving will be described.
第1の発明と第２の発明は、圧縮機構、熱源側熱交換器、利用側熱交換器及び冷媒配管を備えた圧縮冷凍サイクルと、再生器、吸収器、溶液配管及び冷媒配管を備えた吸収冷凍サイクルとからなるハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置に関するものである。
第1の発明では、圧縮冷凍サイクル側の冷媒液を、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器の被加熱側、即ち冷却側に送って、吸収器の被冷却側の吸収溶液を冷却し、熱エネルギーを受けた前記冷媒を、圧縮冷凍サイクルの圧縮機構の吐出側に接続された前記熱源側熱交換器または前記利用側熱交換器の入口側に導いて、放熱するようにしている。
1st invention and 2nd invention were equipped with the compression refrigeration cycle provided with the compression mechanism, the heat source side heat exchanger, the utilization side heat exchanger, and the refrigerant | coolant piping, the regenerator, the absorber, the solution piping, and the refrigerant | coolant piping. The present invention relates to a hybrid heat pump apparatus including an absorption refrigeration cycle.
In the first invention, the refrigerant liquid on the compression refrigeration cycle side is sent to the heated side of the absorber of the absorption refrigeration cycle, that is, the cooling side, the absorbed solution on the cooled side of the absorber is cooled, and thermal energy is received. The refrigerant is guided to the inlet side of the heat source side heat exchanger or the use side heat exchanger connected to the discharge side of the compression mechanism of the compression refrigeration cycle so as to dissipate heat.
第２の発明では、吸収圧縮冷凍サイクルの吸収器を、外部冷却吸収器と冷媒冷却吸収器とで構成し、冷房運転時に外部冷却吸収器又は外部冷却吸収器と冷媒冷却吸収器を用い、暖房運転時には、外部冷却吸収器を休止して冷媒冷却吸収器を用いて冷媒液Ｒ１で吸収熱を回収し、冷房運転時には、外部冷却吸収器を用いて外気に直接放熱して、吸収溶液温度をなるべく外気温度に近い温度にしようとしている。なお、冷房運転時に冷媒冷却吸収器は休止しなくても差し支えない。 In the second aspect of the invention, the absorber of the absorption compression refrigeration cycle is composed of an external cooling absorber and a refrigerant cooling absorber, and uses the external cooling absorber or the external cooling absorber and the refrigerant cooling absorber during cooling operation. During operation, the external cooling absorber is paused and the heat absorbed by the refrigerant liquid R1 is recovered using the refrigerant cooling absorber. During cooling operation, the external solution is directly radiated to the outside air using the external cooling absorber to reduce the absorption solution temperature. Trying to make the temperature as close to the outside temperature as possible. Note that the refrigerant cooling absorber does not have to be stopped during the cooling operation.
第３の発明と第４の発明は、圧縮機構、熱源側熱交換器、利用側熱交換器及び冷媒配管を備えた圧縮冷凍サイクルと、再生器、凝縮器、吸収器、蒸発器、溶液配管及び冷媒配管を備えた吸収冷凍サイクルとからなるハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置に関するものである。
第３の発明では、圧縮冷凍サイクル側の冷媒液Ｒ１を、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器および前記凝縮器の冷却側に送って、吸収器の被冷却側の吸収溶液を冷却し、また再生器で吸収溶液から発生した冷媒蒸気を凝縮器で冷却し、熱エネルギーを受けた前記圧縮冷凍サイクルからの冷媒Ｒ１を、圧縮冷凍サイクルの圧縮機構の吐出側に接続された前記熱源側熱交換器または前記利用側熱交換器の入口側に導いて、放熱するようにしている。
3rd invention and 4th invention are the compression refrigeration cycle provided with the compression mechanism, the heat source side heat exchanger, the utilization side heat exchanger, and the refrigerant piping, the regenerator, the condenser, the absorber, the evaporator, and the solution piping. And a hybrid heat pump device comprising an absorption refrigeration cycle provided with refrigerant piping.
In the third invention, the refrigerant liquid R1 on the compression refrigeration cycle side is sent to the absorption side of the absorption refrigeration cycle and the cooling side of the condenser to cool the absorption solution on the cooled side of the absorber, and the regenerator The refrigerant vapor generated from the absorbing solution is cooled by a condenser, and the refrigerant R1 from the compression refrigeration cycle that receives thermal energy is converted into the heat source side heat exchanger connected to the discharge side of the compression mechanism of the compression refrigeration cycle or the It is led to the entrance side of the use side heat exchanger to dissipate heat.
第４の発明では、前記吸収圧縮冷凍サイクルの吸収器を、外部冷却吸収器と冷媒冷却吸収器とで構成し、また、前記吸収圧縮冷凍サイクルの凝縮器を、外部冷却凝縮器と冷媒冷却凝縮器とで構成し、冷房運転時には外部冷却吸収器と外部冷却凝縮器を、暖房運転時には冷媒冷却吸収器と冷媒冷却凝縮器を用いるように切替え、また冷媒冷却吸収器と冷媒冷却凝縮器を用いるときにはそれぞれの冷却側に冷媒液Ｒ１を送る。なお、冷房運転時に冷媒冷却吸収器と冷媒冷却凝縮器は休止しなくても差し支えない。 In the fourth invention, the absorber of the absorption compression refrigeration cycle is composed of an external cooling absorber and a refrigerant cooling absorber, and the condenser of the absorption compression refrigeration cycle is composed of an external cooling condenser and a refrigerant cooling condensation. Switch to use external cooling absorber and external cooling condenser during cooling operation, use refrigerant cooling absorber and refrigerant cooling condenser during heating operation, and use refrigerant cooling absorber and refrigerant cooling condenser Sometimes the refrigerant liquid R1 is sent to each cooling side. Note that the refrigerant cooling absorber and the refrigerant cooling condenser do not have to be stopped during the cooling operation.
第５の発明は、上記第１〜第４の発明において、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器の冷却側または吸収器の冷却側と凝縮器の冷却側に送る冷媒Ｒ１を、過冷却器で過冷却させてから冷媒ポンプに吸い込ませることで、冷媒ポンプのキャビテーションの発生を抑制することができる。過冷却器では、冷媒液Ｒ１の一部を低圧側に膨張させて得られる冷熱で、冷媒液Ｒ１自身を冷却することができる。 According to a fifth invention, in the first to fourth inventions described above, the refrigerant R1 sent to the cooling side of the absorber of the absorption refrigeration cycle or the cooling side of the absorber and the cooling side of the condenser is supercooled by the subcooler. Then, by causing the refrigerant pump to suck in, generation of cavitation of the refrigerant pump can be suppressed. In the subcooler, the refrigerant liquid R1 itself can be cooled by cold heat obtained by expanding a part of the refrigerant liquid R1 to the low pressure side.
第６の発明では、上記第１〜第５の発明において、圧縮冷凍サイクルの圧縮機構を、低圧段圧縮機と高圧段圧縮機の２基で構成し、前記低圧段圧縮機の回転速度で利用側熱交換器の出力を調整し、高圧段圧縮機の回転速度で圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルの出力割合を調整することができる。 In a sixth aspect of the invention, in the first to fifth aspects of the invention, the compression mechanism of the compression refrigeration cycle is composed of two units, a low pressure stage compressor and a high pressure stage compressor, and is used at the rotational speed of the low pressure stage compressor. The output ratio of the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle can be adjusted by adjusting the output of the side heat exchanger and the rotational speed of the high-pressure compressor.
第1の発明は、暖房運転時に吸収冷凍サイクルを利用して、単なるボイラ機能ではなく、所謂ヒートポンプ機能として、駆動熱源と吸収熱量の合算熱量を暖房に利用できるようにしている。即ち、ヒートポンプ装置の暖房運転時には、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器熱量を、圧縮冷凍サイクル側の冷媒Ｒ１に回収して利用側熱交換器で放熱し、また、吸収冷凍サイクルの駆動熱源により再生器で溶液を加熱し発生させた冷媒蒸気は直接利用側熱交換器に導いて放熱している。従って、吸収冷凍サイクルを駆動するための再生器への熱源熱量と、吸収器熱量の合算が暖房に利用可能となる。ハイブリッドヒートポンプとしては、蒸気圧縮仕事の一部を吸収冷凍サイクルが行い、残部を圧縮冷凍サイクルが行うことになるので、圧縮機構の仕事量を減らすことができる。
なお、冷房運転時にも蒸気圧縮の一部を吸収冷凍サイクルが行い、残部を圧縮冷凍サイクルが行うことになるので、圧縮機構の仕事量を減らすことができる。冷房運転時には、吸収器熱量は圧縮冷凍サイクル側の冷媒に回収して熱源側熱交換器で放熱し、吸収冷凍サイクルの駆動熱源により再生器で溶液を加熱し発生させた冷媒蒸気も熱源側熱交換器に導き放熱している。
In the first invention, an absorption refrigeration cycle is used during heating operation so that the combined heat quantity of the drive heat source and the absorbed heat quantity can be used for heating as a so-called heat pump function rather than a simple boiler function. That is, during the heating operation of the heat pump device, the heat quantity of the absorber in the absorption refrigeration cycle is recovered in the refrigerant R1 on the compression refrigeration cycle side and radiated by the use side heat exchanger, and is also regenerated by the drive heat source of the absorption refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant vapor generated by heating the solution is directly led to the use side heat exchanger to radiate heat. Therefore, the sum of the heat source heat quantity to the regenerator for driving the absorption refrigeration cycle and the absorber heat quantity can be used for heating. As a hybrid heat pump, part of the vapor compression work is performed by the absorption refrigeration cycle and the rest is performed by the compression refrigeration cycle, so that the work of the compression mechanism can be reduced.
In the cooling operation, part of the vapor compression is performed by the absorption refrigeration cycle and the rest is performed by the compression refrigeration cycle, so that the work of the compression mechanism can be reduced. During cooling operation, the amount of heat absorbed by the absorber is collected in the refrigerant on the compression refrigeration cycle side and radiated by the heat source side heat exchanger, and the refrigerant vapor generated by heating the solution in the regenerator by the driving heat source of the absorption refrigeration cycle is also heat source side heat. It leads to the exchanger and dissipates heat.
第1の発明では、冷房時には、吸収器の熱量を圧縮冷凍サイクルの冷媒が受取り、熱源側熱交換器で外部に放熱しており、熱の流れが吸収溶液から冷媒へ、さらに冷媒から外部冷却媒体である外気へと移動するので、溶液と外気の間の温度差が大きくなり、吸収冷凍サイクルで必要とする熱源温度が高くなってしまう。第２の発明では、吸収圧縮冷凍サイクルの吸収器を、外部冷却吸収器と冷媒冷却吸収器とで構成し、冷房運転時に外部冷却吸収器を、暖房運転時に冷媒冷却吸収器を用いるようにして、冷房時の吸収器熱量の流れを、吸収溶液から直接外気へと移動できるようにすることで、吸収器の溶液温度を外気温度に近くすることができ、吸収冷凍サイクルで必要とする熱源温度を低くすることができる。 In the first invention, at the time of cooling, the refrigerant of the compression refrigeration cycle receives the amount of heat of the absorber and dissipates heat to the outside by the heat source side heat exchanger, and the heat flow from the absorbing solution to the refrigerant and further from the refrigerant to the external cooling Since it moves to the outside air which is a medium, the temperature difference between the solution and the outside air becomes large, and the heat source temperature required in the absorption refrigeration cycle becomes high. In the second invention, the absorber of the absorption compression refrigeration cycle is composed of an external cooling absorber and a refrigerant cooling absorber, and the external cooling absorber is used during the cooling operation and the refrigerant cooling absorber is used during the heating operation. By allowing the heat flow of the absorber during cooling to be transferred directly from the absorbing solution to the outside air, the absorber solution temperature can be brought close to the outside air temperature, and the heat source temperature required for the absorption refrigeration cycle Can be lowered.
第３の発明と第４の発明では、圧縮機構、熱源側熱交換器、利用側熱交換器及び冷媒配管を備えた圧縮冷凍サイクルと、再生器、凝縮器、吸収器、蒸発器、溶液配管及び冷媒配管を備えた吸収冷凍サイクルとからなるハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置に関するものである。圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとでサイクル間の冷媒移動をさせず、サイクルを熱的に接続しているので、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとで異なる冷媒を採用することができる。
第３の発明では、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器熱量と凝縮器熱量を、圧縮冷凍サイクル側の冷媒Ｒ１に回収し利用側熱交換器で放熱している。従って、暖房運転時には、吸収器熱量と駆動熱源熱量との合算が暖房に利用可能となる。第１の発明では再生器で溶液から発生した冷媒蒸気を直接利用側熱交換器に放熱しているが、第３の発明では凝縮熱を間接的に放熱する形態になっている。
第４の発明では、冷房時の吸収器熱量の流れを吸収溶液から外気へと直接移動させ、また凝縮器熱量の流れを吸収冷凍サイクルの冷媒から外気へと直接移動させることで、吸収器の溶液温度および吸収冷凍サイクルの冷媒温度を外気温度に近くすることができ、吸収冷凍サイクルで必要とする熱源温度を低くすることができる。
In 3rd invention and 4th invention, the compression refrigeration cycle provided with the compression mechanism, the heat source side heat exchanger, the utilization side heat exchanger, and the refrigerant piping, the regenerator, the condenser, the absorber, the evaporator, and the solution piping In addition, the present invention relates to a hybrid heat pump device including an absorption refrigeration cycle including a refrigerant pipe. Since the refrigerant is not moved between the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the cycles are thermally connected, different refrigerants can be used in the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle.
In 3rd invention, the absorber calorie | heat amount and condenser calorie | heat amount of an absorption refrigeration cycle are collect | recovered to the refrigerant | coolant R1 by the side of a compression refrigeration cycle, and are thermally radiated with the utilization side heat exchanger. Therefore, at the time of heating operation, the sum of the absorber heat quantity and the drive heat source heat quantity can be used for heating. In the first invention, the refrigerant vapor generated from the solution in the regenerator is radiated directly to the use side heat exchanger. In the third invention, the heat of condensation is radiated indirectly.
In the fourth invention, the flow of the heat of the absorber during cooling is directly moved from the absorbing solution to the outside air, and the flow of the heat of the condenser is directly moved from the refrigerant of the absorption refrigeration cycle to the outside air, thereby The solution temperature and the refrigerant temperature of the absorption refrigeration cycle can be close to the outside air temperature, and the heat source temperature required for the absorption refrigeration cycle can be lowered.
第５の発明により、吸収冷凍サイクル側の熱を回収する冷媒液Ｒ１を送る冷媒ポンプのキャビテーションを抑制し、液の移送を確実に行うことができる。 According to the fifth aspect, the cavitation of the refrigerant pump that sends the refrigerant liquid R1 that recovers the heat on the absorption refrigeration cycle side can be suppressed, and the liquid can be reliably transferred.
第６の発明は、圧縮冷凍サイクルの圧縮機構を、低圧段圧縮機と高圧段圧縮機の２基で構成し、前記低圧段圧縮機の回転速度で利用側熱交換器の出力を調整し、高圧段圧縮機の回転速度で圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルの出力割合を調整できるので、吸収冷凍サイクルが温度的に成立不能になることを避け、吸収冷凍サイクルを駆動する熱源に合わせることができ、より多くの駆動熱源を有効に利用することができる。 6th invention comprises the compression mechanism of a compression refrigeration cycle by two units, a low pressure stage compressor and a high pressure stage compressor, and adjusts the output of a use side heat exchanger with the rotation speed of the low pressure stage compressor, The output ratio of the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle can be adjusted by the rotation speed of the high-pressure compressor, so that the absorption refrigeration cycle can be adjusted to the heat source that drives the absorption refrigeration cycle, avoiding temperature improper operation. More drive heat sources can be used effectively.
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。なお、各図において互いに同一又は相当する部材には同一あるいは類似の符号を付し、重複した説明は省略する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar members are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
図１を参照して、本発明の第１の実施の形態に係るハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置１を説明する。図１は、ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置１の模式的系統を示すフローシートである。ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置１は、圧縮冷凍サイクル１０と吸収冷凍サイクル５０から構成されている。圧縮冷凍サイクル１０は、低圧段圧縮機２１と高圧段圧縮機２２からなる圧縮機構２０と、利用側熱交換器３０と熱源側熱交換器３１を主要構成要素とし、冷媒配管で接続され、四方弁２４で流れ方向を逆転させることで、冷房運転と暖房運転とを切り替えている。吸収冷凍サイクル５０は、再生器５１と吸収器５２を主要構成要素とし、吸収冷凍サイクルの凝縮器および蒸発器の役割を圧縮冷凍サイクルの利用側熱交換器３０と熱源側熱交換器３１で行わせ、圧縮冷凍サイクルと共用にしている。 With reference to FIG. 1, the hybrid heat pump apparatus 1 which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing a schematic system of the hybrid heat pump apparatus 1. The hybrid heat pump device 1 includes a compression refrigeration cycle 10 and an absorption refrigeration cycle 50. The compression refrigeration cycle 10 includes a compression mechanism 20 including a low-pressure stage compressor 21 and a high-pressure stage compressor 22, a use side heat exchanger 30 and a heat source side heat exchanger 31 as main components, and is connected by refrigerant piping. By reversing the flow direction with the valve 24, the cooling operation and the heating operation are switched. The absorption refrigeration cycle 50 includes the regenerator 51 and the absorber 52 as main components, and the role of the condenser and evaporator of the absorption refrigeration cycle is performed by the use side heat exchanger 30 and the heat source side heat exchanger 31 of the compression refrigeration cycle. Shared with the compression refrigeration cycle.
圧縮冷凍サイクル１０の冷房運転では、利用側熱交換器３０からの冷媒蒸気を冷媒配管４３、四方弁２４、冷媒配管４０を通り低圧段圧縮機２１の吸込側に導き、低圧段圧縮機で中間圧まで圧縮し、圧縮された冷媒蒸気の一部は冷媒配管７３を通って吸収冷凍サイクル側に行き、残部は高圧段圧縮機２２に吸込まれてさらに圧縮される。高圧段圧縮機２２の吐出側蒸気は四方弁２４、冷媒配管４４を通り熱源側熱交換器３１に導かれ、外気など外部冷却媒体で冷却され凝縮する。熱源熱交換器３１は凝縮器の役割をし、凝縮液は膨張弁３５を通り気液分離器２３に入り、分離された冷媒蒸気は、低圧段圧縮機２１と高圧段圧縮機２２の中間圧部分に導かれ、冷媒液は膨張弁３６を通って利用側熱交換器３０に導かれる。利用側熱交換器３０は蒸発器の役割をし、蒸発した冷媒蒸気は四方弁を２４、冷媒配管４０へと導かれる。 In the cooling operation of the compression refrigeration cycle 10, the refrigerant vapor from the use side heat exchanger 30 is guided to the suction side of the low pressure compressor 21 through the refrigerant pipe 43, the four-way valve 24, and the refrigerant pipe 40, and is intermediated by the low pressure compressor. A part of the compressed refrigerant vapor passes through the refrigerant pipe 73 to the absorption refrigeration cycle side, and the remaining part is sucked into the high-pressure compressor 22 and further compressed. The discharge side steam of the high pressure compressor 22 passes through the four-way valve 24 and the refrigerant pipe 44 and is led to the heat source side heat exchanger 31, where it is cooled and condensed by an external cooling medium such as outside air. The heat source heat exchanger 31 functions as a condenser, and the condensate passes through the expansion valve 35 and enters the gas-liquid separator 23, and the separated refrigerant vapor is an intermediate pressure between the low-pressure stage compressor 21 and the high-pressure stage compressor 22. The refrigerant liquid is guided to the portion, and is guided to the use side heat exchanger 30 through the expansion valve 36. The use side heat exchanger 30 serves as an evaporator, and the evaporated refrigerant vapor is led to the four-way valve 24 and the refrigerant pipe 40.
圧縮冷凍サイクル１０の暖房運転では、熱源側熱交換器３１からの冷媒蒸気を冷媒配管４４、四方弁２４、冷媒配管４０を通り低圧段圧縮機２１の吸込側に導き、低圧段圧縮機で中間圧まで圧縮し、圧縮された冷媒蒸気の一部は冷媒配管７３を通って吸収冷凍サイクル側に行き、残部は高圧段圧縮機２２に吸込まれさらに圧縮される。高圧段圧縮機２２の吐出側蒸気は四方弁２４、冷媒配管４３を通り凝縮器の役割をする利用側熱交換器３０に導かれ、暖房効果を発揮して凝縮液となる。凝縮液は膨張弁３６を通り気液分離器２３に入り、分離された冷媒蒸気は、低圧段圧縮機２１と高圧段圧縮機２２の中間圧部分に導かれ、また分離された冷媒液は膨張弁３５を通って熱源側熱交換器３１に導かれる。熱源側熱交換器３０は外部流体から熱を奪う蒸発器の役割をし、蒸発した冷媒蒸気は冷媒配管４４、四方弁を２４、冷媒配管４０へと導かれる。 In the heating operation of the compression refrigeration cycle 10, the refrigerant vapor from the heat source side heat exchanger 31 is guided to the suction side of the low-pressure compressor 21 through the refrigerant pipe 44, the four-way valve 24, and the refrigerant pipe 40, and is intermediated by the low-pressure compressor. A part of the compressed refrigerant vapor passes through the refrigerant pipe 73 to the absorption refrigeration cycle side, and the remaining part is sucked into the high-pressure compressor 22 and further compressed. The discharge-side steam of the high-pressure compressor 22 passes through the four-way valve 24 and the refrigerant pipe 43 and is led to the use-side heat exchanger 30 that functions as a condenser, and exhibits a heating effect and becomes a condensate. The condensate passes through the expansion valve 36 and enters the gas-liquid separator 23, and the separated refrigerant vapor is guided to an intermediate pressure portion between the low-pressure stage compressor 21 and the high-pressure stage compressor 22, and the separated refrigerant liquid is expanded. It is guided to the heat source side heat exchanger 31 through the valve 35. The heat source side heat exchanger 30 serves as an evaporator that takes heat from the external fluid, and the evaporated refrigerant vapor is led to the refrigerant pipe 44, the four-way valve 24, and the refrigerant pipe 40.
暖房運転時、圧縮冷凍サイクルの熱源側熱交換器３１の除霜にあたって、本例では冷媒配管８０と膨張弁８１で、圧縮機構２０の吐出部冷媒蒸気を前記熱源側熱交換器３１の入口に導くホットガスバイパス方式を示している。この除霜方式の他、冷媒の流れを逆転させて除霜する逆サイクル方式などがあり、圧縮式で用いられている各種方式が本ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置にも適用することができる。 At the time of heating operation, when defrosting the heat source side heat exchanger 31 of the compression refrigeration cycle, in this example, the refrigerant pipe 80 and the expansion valve 81 allow the refrigerant refrigerant discharged from the compression mechanism 20 to enter the inlet of the heat source side heat exchanger 31. A hot gas bypass system is shown. In addition to this defrosting method, there is a reverse cycle method for defrosting by reversing the refrigerant flow, and various methods used in the compression method can also be applied to this hybrid heat pump device.
吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器５２の伝熱面５２Ｘの冷却側に、冷媒ポンプ９０を用いて、圧縮冷凍サイクルで凝縮器の役目をしている熱源側熱交換器３１または利用側熱交換器３０の出口側の冷媒液Ｒ１を送り込んでいる。即ち、冷房運転時は、切替弁９１ｂを閉止し、配管４７を通る冷媒液の一部を切替弁９１ａ経由で冷媒ポンプ９０に吸込み、また暖房運転時は、切替弁９１ａを閉止し、配管４６を通る冷媒液の一部を切替弁９１ｂ経由で冷媒ポンプ９０に吸込み、冷媒配管９２を通して吸収器５２の伝熱面５２Ｘの冷却側に送り込んでいる。
吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器５２は、冷媒配管７３で導かれる圧縮冷凍サイクルからの冷媒蒸気Ｒ２を吸収する。その際の吸収熱で温度の上った吸収溶液は、吸収器５２の伝熱面５２Ｘの冷却側を通る前述の冷媒Ｒ１により冷却される。冷媒Ｒ２を吸収した吸収溶液は再生器５１で外部の加熱源により加熱され、圧縮機構２０の吐出部に冷媒蒸気を放出する。吸収冷凍サイクル５０で、吸収溶液は冷房運転時と暖房運転時とで同じ経路で循環する。
The refrigerant pump 90 is used on the cooling side of the heat transfer surface 52X of the absorber 52 of the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the heat source side heat exchanger 31 or the use side heat exchanger 30 serving as a condenser in the compression refrigeration cycle is used. The refrigerant liquid R1 on the outlet side is fed. That is, during the cooling operation, the switching valve 91b is closed and a part of the refrigerant liquid passing through the pipe 47 is sucked into the refrigerant pump 90 via the switching valve 91a, and during the heating operation, the switching valve 91a is closed and the pipe 46 is closed. A part of the refrigerant liquid passing through the refrigerant is sucked into the refrigerant pump 90 via the switching valve 91b, and sent to the cooling side of the heat transfer surface 52X of the absorber 52 through the refrigerant pipe 92.
The absorber 52 of the absorption refrigeration cycle absorbs the refrigerant vapor R2 from the compression refrigeration cycle guided by the refrigerant pipe 73. The absorbing solution whose temperature is increased by the absorption heat at that time is cooled by the refrigerant R1 passing through the cooling side of the heat transfer surface 52X of the absorber 52. The absorbing solution that has absorbed the refrigerant R2 is heated by an external heating source in the regenerator 51, and refrigerant vapor is released to the discharge portion of the compression mechanism 20. In the absorption refrigeration cycle 50, the absorbing solution circulates in the same path during cooling operation and heating operation.
ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置１は、低圧段圧縮機２１で吸込んだ冷媒蒸気を圧縮機構２０の吐出部圧力まで圧縮して蒸気圧縮冷凍をするのであるが、低圧段圧縮機２１で中間圧まで圧縮された蒸気の一部を吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器５２が吸込み、再生器５１経由で圧縮機構吐出部圧力まで圧縮し、残部を高圧段圧縮機２２が圧縮機構吐出部圧力まで圧縮することになるので、吸収冷凍サイクル系が行った圧縮仕事分だけ、圧縮機構の仕事量を減らすことができる。吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器５２で冷媒Ｒ１に与えた熱量と、再生器５１で放出した冷媒Ｒ５２の熱量は、圧縮冷凍サイクルで凝縮器の役目をしている熱源側熱交換器３１または利用側熱交換器３０で放出することになる。従って、暖房運転では、熱源側熱交換器３１で吸入した熱量分、圧縮機構２０の仕事分および吸収冷凍サイクル５０の再生器５１を加熱した熱源熱量の合算熱量が、暖房熱量として利用側熱交換器３０から出力することができる。 The hybrid heat pump device 1 compresses the refrigerant vapor sucked by the low-pressure stage compressor 21 to the discharge portion pressure of the compression mechanism 20 and performs vapor compression refrigeration. The vapor compressed by the low-pressure stage compressor 21 to the intermediate pressure. Part of the absorption is absorbed by the absorber 52 of the absorption refrigeration cycle, and is compressed to the compression mechanism discharge part pressure via the regenerator 51, and the rest is compressed to the compression mechanism discharge part pressure by the high-pressure compressor 22. The work of the compression mechanism can be reduced by the amount of compression work performed by the refrigeration cycle system. The amount of heat given to the refrigerant R1 by the absorber 52 of the absorption refrigeration cycle and the amount of heat of the refrigerant R52 released by the regenerator 51 depend on the heat source side heat exchanger 31 or the use side heat acting as a condenser in the compression refrigeration cycle. It is discharged by the exchanger 30. Therefore, in the heating operation, the combined heat quantity of the heat quantity sucked by the heat source side heat exchanger 31, the work of the compression mechanism 20, and the heat source heat quantity that heated the regenerator 51 of the absorption refrigeration cycle 50 is used side heat exchange as the heating heat quantity. Can be output from the device 30.
圧縮機構２０は低圧段圧縮機２１と高圧段圧縮機２２から構成され、それぞれ別個に運転することができる。低圧段圧縮機２１は、冷房負荷を基にして回転速度を調節し、冷媒流量が決まってくる。高圧段圧縮機２２の回転速度は、吸収冷凍サイクル駆動熱源の温度や熱量を基に調節される。あるいは、吸収冷凍サイクル駆動熱源の温度や熱量を基に、中間圧の目標値を定め、高圧段圧縮機吸込部圧力が目標の圧力になるように、高圧段圧縮機の回転速度を調節する。 The compression mechanism 20 includes a low-pressure compressor 21 and a high-pressure compressor 22 and can be operated separately. The low-pressure stage compressor 21 adjusts the rotation speed based on the cooling load, and the refrigerant flow rate is determined. The rotational speed of the high-pressure stage compressor 22 is adjusted based on the temperature and heat quantity of the absorption refrigeration cycle driving heat source. Alternatively, the target value of the intermediate pressure is determined based on the temperature and heat quantity of the absorption refrigeration cycle driving heat source, and the rotational speed of the high-pressure compressor is adjusted so that the high-pressure compressor suction section pressure becomes the target pressure.
図２は、ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置２の模式的系統を示すフローシートで、図１のハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置１に切替弁Ｖ１、Ｖ２、Ｖ３を付加した変形例である。切替弁Ｖ１、Ｖ２、Ｖ３の開閉により、圧縮機構２０と吸収冷凍サイクル５０との組合せを変えて運転することができる。なお、必要に応じて、高圧段吐出側に逆流防止のための逆止弁２３を設ける。
切替弁Ｖ３を閉止、切替弁Ｖ１，Ｖ２を開として、低圧段圧縮機２１、高圧段圧縮機２２及び吸収冷凍サイクル５０を運転すれば、実施例１と同じく高圧段の圧縮仕事を減らす運転となる。この運転状態で高圧段圧縮機２２を停止しても熱源熱量が不足しない場合は、高圧段圧縮機２２の圧縮仕事を全てなくすことができる。
熱源温度が高く、あるいは外気温度が低く、圧縮冷凍サイクルの蒸発温度から凝縮温度までの温度ヘッドを吸収冷凍サイクルでも作成可能な場合は、切替弁Ｖ１を閉止、切替弁Ｖ２とＶ３を開として、圧縮機構２０及び吸収冷凍サイクルを運転して、低圧段および高圧段の圧縮仕事を減らすことができる。なお、必要温度ヘッドが低ければ、低圧段圧縮機２１を停止しても差し支えない。また、圧縮機構２０を停止しても熱源熱量が不足しなければ、吸収冷凍サイクルだけで負荷を賄い、圧縮機構２０の圧縮仕事をなくすことができる。
熱源温度が非常に低く、あるいは熱源熱量が得られない場合は、切替弁Ｖ１，Ｖ２、Ｖ３を全て閉止して吸収冷凍サイクルを休止し、圧縮冷凍サイクルだけで冷房運転をすることができる。
FIG. 2 is a flow sheet showing a schematic system of the hybrid heat pump device 2, which is a modification in which switching valves V1, V2, and V3 are added to the hybrid heat pump device 1 of FIG. By operating the switching valves V1, V2, and V3, the combination of the compression mechanism 20 and the absorption refrigeration cycle 50 can be changed for operation. If necessary, a check valve 23 for preventing backflow is provided on the high-pressure stage discharge side.
If the switching valve V3 is closed, the switching valves V1 and V2 are opened, and the low-pressure stage compressor 21, the high-pressure stage compressor 22 and the absorption refrigeration cycle 50 are operated, the operation for reducing the compression work of the high-pressure stage is the same as in the first embodiment. Become. If the heat source heat quantity does not become insufficient even when the high-pressure stage compressor 22 is stopped in this operation state, all the compression work of the high-pressure stage compressor 22 can be eliminated.
If the heat source temperature is high or the outside air temperature is low, and the temperature head from the evaporation temperature to the condensation temperature of the compression refrigeration cycle can be created even in the absorption refrigeration cycle, the switching valve V1 is closed and the switching valves V2 and V3 are opened. The compression mechanism 20 and the absorption refrigeration cycle can be operated to reduce the compression work of the low and high pressure stages. If the required temperature head is low, the low-pressure stage compressor 21 can be stopped. Further, if the heat source heat amount is not insufficient even when the compression mechanism 20 is stopped, the load can be covered only by the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the compression work of the compression mechanism 20 can be eliminated.
When the heat source temperature is very low or the heat source heat quantity cannot be obtained, all of the switching valves V1, V2, and V3 are closed, the absorption refrigeration cycle is stopped, and the cooling operation can be performed only by the compression refrigeration cycle.
また、ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置２は、図１のハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置１の冷媒ポンプ９０に過冷却器３８を付加すると共に冷媒液配管系を変形した例である。圧縮冷凍サイクル１０の四方弁３７は、冷暖で冷媒液の流れ方向を切換え、凝縮器の役目をしている熱源側熱交換器３１または利用側熱交換器３０の出口の冷媒液Ｒ１を気液分離器２３に送り、気液分離器２３でフラシュして分離した冷媒液Ｒ３を、蒸発器の役目をしている利用側熱交換器３０または熱源側熱交換器３１の入口に送っている。冷媒ポンプ９０を運転する際には、冷媒液の一部を膨張弁３９を経由して過冷却器３８の冷却側に導いて中間圧まで膨張させ、過冷却器の被加熱側を通過する冷媒液を冷却する。冷媒ポンプ９０は、膨張弁３５手前の冷媒液の一部を、冷媒配管９２を通して吸収器５４の冷却側に送り込んでいる。冷媒ポンプ９０には過冷却器で冷却された冷媒液が吸込まれるので、キャビテーションが抑制される。 The hybrid heat pump apparatus 2 is an example in which a supercooler 38 is added to the refrigerant pump 90 of the hybrid heat pump apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 and the refrigerant liquid piping system is modified. The four-way valve 37 of the compression refrigeration cycle 10 switches the flow direction of the refrigerant liquid by cooling and heating, and the refrigerant liquid R1 at the outlet of the heat source side heat exchanger 31 or the use side heat exchanger 30 serving as a condenser is gas-liquid. The refrigerant liquid R3 sent to the separator 23 and flushed and separated by the gas-liquid separator 23 is sent to the entrance of the use side heat exchanger 30 or the heat source side heat exchanger 31 serving as an evaporator. When the refrigerant pump 90 is operated, a part of the refrigerant liquid is led to the cooling side of the subcooler 38 via the expansion valve 39 and expanded to an intermediate pressure, and passes through the heated side of the subcooler. Cool the liquid. The refrigerant pump 90 sends a part of the refrigerant liquid before the expansion valve 35 to the cooling side of the absorber 54 through the refrigerant pipe 92. Since the refrigerant liquid cooled by the supercooler is sucked into the refrigerant pump 90, cavitation is suppressed.
図３は、ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置３の模式的系統を示すフローシートで、前述のハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置２の圧縮機構２０を圧縮機２１の単段で構成するようにした変形例である。ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置３では、圧縮機２１による圧縮と吸収冷凍サイクルによる圧縮とが並行して行われる。吸収冷凍サイクルによる冷媒圧縮は、吸収器５２と再生器５１との間で吸収溶液を介して行われ、この分だけ圧縮機構２０の仕事量を減らすことができる。 FIG. 3 is a flow sheet showing a schematic system of the hybrid heat pump device 3, which is a modification in which the compression mechanism 20 of the hybrid heat pump device 2 is configured as a single stage of the compressor 21. In the hybrid heat pump device 3, the compression by the compressor 21 and the compression by the absorption refrigeration cycle are performed in parallel. The refrigerant compression by the absorption refrigeration cycle is performed between the absorber 52 and the regenerator 51 via the absorbing solution, and the work amount of the compression mechanism 20 can be reduced by this amount.
図４を参照して、本発明の第４の実施の形態に係るハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置４を説明する。ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置４では、吸収冷凍サイクルの吸収器５２は、外部熱源の外気で冷却される外部冷却吸収器５２Ａと圧縮冷凍サイクル側から冷媒ポンプ９０で送られてくる冷媒Ｒ１で冷却される冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂで構成されている。冷房運転時は、低圧段圧縮機２１の吐出側蒸気あるいは吸込側蒸気を切替弁５２Ｃで外部冷却吸収器５２Ａに導き、また再生器５１からの吸収溶液を切替弁５２Ｄで外部冷却吸収器５２Ａに導いて、外部冷却吸収器５２Ａを作動させ、冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂへは冷媒蒸気及び溶液とも閉止して、冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂを休止とする。暖房運転時には、低圧段圧縮機２１の吸込側蒸気又は吐出側蒸気を切替弁５２Ｃで冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂに導き、また再生器５１からの吸収溶液を切替弁５２Ｄで冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂに導いて、冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂを作動させ、外部冷却吸収器５２Ａへは冷媒蒸気及び溶液とも閉止して、外部冷却吸収器５２Ａを休止とする。暖房運転時の冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂの冷却側への冷媒供給は、利用側熱交換器で凝縮した冷媒液Ｒ１を冷媒ポンプ９０で行い、蒸発した冷媒Ｒ１は圧縮機構２０の高圧部に戻している。 With reference to FIG. 4, the hybrid heat pump apparatus 4 which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. In the hybrid heat pump device 4, the absorber 52 of the absorption refrigeration cycle includes an external cooling absorber 52 </ b> A that is cooled by the outside air of the external heat source and refrigerant cooling that is cooled by the refrigerant R <b> 1 that is sent by the refrigerant pump 90 from the compression refrigeration cycle side. It is comprised by the absorber 52B. During the cooling operation, the discharge side steam or the suction side steam of the low-pressure stage compressor 21 is guided to the external cooling absorber 52A by the switching valve 52C, and the absorption solution from the regenerator 51 is transferred to the external cooling absorber 52A by the switching valve 52D. Then, the external cooling absorber 52A is operated, both the refrigerant vapor and the solution are closed to the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B, and the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B is stopped. During the heating operation, the suction side steam or the discharge side steam of the low-pressure stage compressor 21 is guided to the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B by the switching valve 52C, and the absorbing solution from the regenerator 51 is guided to the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B by the switching valve 52D. Then, the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B is operated, and both the refrigerant vapor and the solution are closed to the external cooling absorber 52A, and the external cooling absorber 52A is stopped. The refrigerant supply to the cooling side of the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B during the heating operation is performed by the refrigerant liquid R1 condensed by the use side heat exchanger by the refrigerant pump 90, and the evaporated refrigerant R1 is returned to the high pressure portion of the compression mechanism 20. Yes.
なお、暖房時は、熱が逃げないように外部冷却吸収器５２Ａを休止とする必要があるが、冷房時は外部冷却吸収器５２Ａと冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂの両者を作動させて放熱しても差し支えない。冷房運転時に冷媒ポンプ９０を運転して冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂに冷媒液を供給する場合は、破線で示す冷媒配管と破線で示す切換弁９１ａ、９１ｂを設け、冷房時は切換弁９１ａ開、９１ｂ閉止とし、暖房時は切換弁９１ａ閉止、９１ｂ開とする。 During heating, it is necessary to stop the external cooling absorber 52A so that heat does not escape. However, during cooling, both the external cooling absorber 52A and the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B can be operated to dissipate heat. There is no problem. When the refrigerant pump 90 is operated during the cooling operation to supply the refrigerant liquid to the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B, the refrigerant pipes indicated by broken lines and the switching valves 91a and 91b indicated by broken lines are provided, and the switching valves 91a are opened and 91b are provided during cooling. The switching valve 91a is closed and 91b is opened during heating.
図５を参照して、本発明の第５の実施の形態に係るハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置５を説明する。本実施例は、圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルのサイクル間で冷媒移動をさせず、両サイクルを熱的に接続したハイブリッドサイクルに対するものである。圧縮冷凍サイクルと吸収冷凍サイクルとで異種の冷媒を用いることができ、また圧縮冷凍サイクル系に吸収冷凍サイクル系の吸収溶液が混入することも避けられる。 With reference to FIG. 5, the hybrid heat pump apparatus 5 which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. The present embodiment relates to a hybrid cycle in which the refrigerant is not moved between the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle, and both the cycles are thermally connected. Different refrigerants can be used in the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the absorption refrigeration cycle system absorption solution can be avoided from entering the compression refrigeration cycle system.
吸収冷凍サイクル５０は、再生器５１と凝縮器５３、吸収器５２および蒸発器５４を主要構成要素とし、冷房運転時、暖房運転時共に、一重効用吸収冷凍サイクルを行う。吸収冷凍サイクルの蒸発器５４は、冷媒配管４８で導かれる圧縮冷凍サイクルからの冷媒蒸気を蒸発器５４の被冷却側に受け入れ冷却凝縮させる。蒸発器５４の冷却側では吸収冷凍サイクル側の冷媒が蒸発し、配管７３を通して吸収器５２に導かれて吸収溶液に吸収される。その際の吸収熱で温度上昇する吸収溶液は、冷媒ポンプ９０により送られてくる冷媒Ｒ１で冷却される。冷媒を吸収した吸収溶液は、溶液ポンプ６０で、溶液配管７１を通り、溶液熱交換器５５で熱回収をして、再生器５１に送られ、配管５１Ｘで供給される外部熱源の温水などにより加熱され、冷媒蒸気を発生する。発生した冷媒蒸気は気液分離器５６を経由して、凝縮器５３に送られ、冷媒ポンプ９０から送られてくる冷媒Ｒ１で冷却されて凝縮し、膨張弁６３を経由して蒸発器５４に戻る。再生器５１で冷媒を放出した溶液は、配管７２、溶液熱交換器５５、膨張弁６２を通って、吸収器５２に戻る。冷媒ポンプ９０から送られて、吸収器５２、凝縮器５３で加熱された冷媒は大部分が蒸気となり、高圧段圧縮機２２の吐出側の冷媒配管４２に合流する。 The absorption refrigeration cycle 50 includes a regenerator 51, a condenser 53, an absorber 52, and an evaporator 54 as main components, and performs a single effect absorption refrigeration cycle during both cooling operation and heating operation. The evaporator 54 of the absorption refrigeration cycle receives the refrigerant vapor from the compression refrigeration cycle guided by the refrigerant pipe 48 on the cooled side of the evaporator 54 and cools and condenses it. On the cooling side of the evaporator 54, the refrigerant on the absorption refrigeration cycle side evaporates and is guided to the absorber 52 through the pipe 73 and absorbed by the absorbing solution. The absorbing solution whose temperature rises due to the absorption heat at that time is cooled by the refrigerant R <b> 1 sent by the refrigerant pump 90. The absorbing solution that has absorbed the refrigerant passes through the solution pipe 71 by the solution pump 60, recovers heat by the solution heat exchanger 55, is sent to the regenerator 51, and is supplied by hot water from an external heat source supplied by the pipe 51X. Heated and generates refrigerant vapor. The generated refrigerant vapor is sent to the condenser 53 via the gas-liquid separator 56, cooled and condensed by the refrigerant R <b> 1 sent from the refrigerant pump 90, and then sent to the evaporator 54 via the expansion valve 63. Return. The solution from which the refrigerant is released by the regenerator 51 returns to the absorber 52 through the pipe 72, the solution heat exchanger 55, and the expansion valve 62. Most of the refrigerant sent from the refrigerant pump 90 and heated by the absorber 52 and the condenser 53 becomes vapor, and merges with the refrigerant pipe 42 on the discharge side of the high-pressure compressor 22.
圧縮冷凍サイクル１０は、低圧段圧縮機２１と高圧段圧縮機２２からなる圧縮機構２０と、利用側熱交換器３０と熱源側熱交換器３１を主要構成要素として冷媒配管で接続され、四方弁２４により冷媒蒸気の流れ方向を逆転させて、冷房運転と暖房運転とを切替ている。 The compression refrigeration cycle 10 includes a compression mechanism 20 including a low-pressure stage compressor 21 and a high-pressure stage compressor 22, a use side heat exchanger 30 and a heat source side heat exchanger 31 as main components connected by a refrigerant pipe, and a four-way valve. 24, the refrigerant vapor flow direction is reversed to switch between the cooling operation and the heating operation.
切替弁Ｖ３とＶ５を閉止、切替弁Ｖ１とＶ４を開として、圧縮機構２０及び吸収冷凍サイクル１０を運転すると、蒸発器の役目をする利用側熱交換器３０または熱源側熱交換器３１からの低圧の冷媒蒸気は低圧段圧縮機２１で中間圧まで圧縮され、その後、切替弁Ｖ１を通して吸収冷凍サイクルの蒸発器５４に導かれ、冷媒蒸気の一部が凝縮し、切替弁Ｖ２を通して気液分離器２３に導かれる。気液分離器２３で分離された冷媒蒸気は、高圧段圧縮機２２吸込まれさらに圧縮され、高圧段圧縮機２２から吐出された後、凝縮器の役目をする熱源側熱交換器３１又は利用側熱交換器３０に導かれ凝縮する。蒸発器５４で凝縮した冷媒液および高圧段圧縮機２２の吐出後凝縮した冷媒液は、気液分離器２３経由で、蒸発器の役目をする利用側熱交換器３０または熱源側熱交換器３１の入口側に導かれて、圧縮冷凍サイクルの冷凍に供される。従って、蒸発器５４で液化した分だけ、吸収冷凍サイクルが熱的な圧縮をして、高圧段圧縮機の圧縮仕事を削減したことになる。 When the switching valves V3 and V5 are closed, the switching valves V1 and V4 are opened, and the compression mechanism 20 and the absorption refrigeration cycle 10 are operated, from the use side heat exchanger 30 or the heat source side heat exchanger 31 acting as an evaporator. The low-pressure refrigerant vapor is compressed to an intermediate pressure by the low-pressure stage compressor 21, and then led to the evaporator 54 of the absorption refrigeration cycle through the switching valve V1, and a part of the refrigerant vapor is condensed, and gas-liquid separation is performed through the switching valve V2. Guided to vessel 23. The refrigerant vapor separated by the gas-liquid separator 23 is sucked into the high-pressure stage compressor 22, further compressed, discharged from the high-pressure stage compressor 22, and then the heat source side heat exchanger 31 or the use side serving as a condenser. It is led to the heat exchanger 30 and condensed. The refrigerant liquid condensed in the evaporator 54 and the refrigerant liquid condensed after being discharged from the high-pressure compressor 22 are passed through the gas-liquid separator 23 to the use side heat exchanger 30 or the heat source side heat exchanger 31 serving as an evaporator. To the freezing side of the compression refrigeration cycle. Therefore, the absorption refrigeration cycle is thermally compressed by the amount liquefied by the evaporator 54, and the compression work of the high-pressure compressor is reduced.
冷媒ポンプ９０により送られて、吸収器５２、凝縮器５３で加熱され蒸発した冷媒Ｒ１は、凝縮器の役目をする熱源側熱交換器３１又は利用側熱交換器３０で外部流体に放熱することになる。 The refrigerant R1 sent by the refrigerant pump 90 and heated and evaporated by the absorber 52 and the condenser 53 is dissipated to the external fluid by the heat source side heat exchanger 31 or the use side heat exchanger 30 acting as a condenser. become.
ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置５は、切替弁Ｖ１、Ｖ３、Ｖ４、Ｖ５の開閉により、圧縮機構２０と吸収冷凍サイクルとの組合せ方を変えて運転することができる。なお、必要に応じて、高圧段吐出側に逆流防止のための逆止弁２３を設ける。
切替弁Ｖ３とＶ５を閉止、切替弁Ｖ１とＶ４を開とした運転は前述のとおりであり、高圧段の圧縮仕事を減らすことができる。この運転状態で高圧段圧縮機２２を停止しても熱源熱量が不足しない場合は、高圧段圧縮機２２の仕事をなくすことができる。
The hybrid heat pump device 5 can be operated by changing the combination of the compression mechanism 20 and the absorption refrigeration cycle by opening and closing the switching valves V1, V3, V4, and V5. If necessary, a check valve 23 for preventing backflow is provided on the high-pressure stage discharge side.
The operation with the switching valves V3 and V5 closed and the switching valves V1 and V4 opened is as described above, and the compression work of the high-pressure stage can be reduced. If the heat source heat quantity does not become insufficient even when the high-pressure stage compressor 22 is stopped in this operating state, the work of the high-pressure stage compressor 22 can be eliminated.
熱源温度が高く、あるいは外気温度が低く、圧縮冷凍サイクルの蒸発温度から凝縮温度までの温度ヘッドを吸収冷凍サイクルでも作成可能な場合は、切替弁Ｖ３、Ｖ４，Ｖ５を開、切替弁Ｖ１閉止として、圧縮機構２０及び吸収冷凍サイクル５０を運転して、低圧段および高圧段の圧縮仕事を減らすことができる。この運転状態で、圧縮機構２０を停止しても熱源熱量が不足しなければ、吸収冷凍サイクルだけで負荷を賄い、圧縮機構２０の仕事をなくすことができる。
熱源温度が非常に低く、あるいは熱源熱量が得られない場合は、切替弁Ｖ１、Ｖ３、Ｖ４を閉止して吸収冷凍サイクルを休止、また冷媒ポンプ９０も休止し、Ｖ５を開として圧縮冷凍サイクル１０だけで冷房運転をすることができる。
なお、切替弁をさらに加えて、低圧段、高圧段のオンとオフの組合せ、吸収サイクルとの組合せをさらに細かくして、省エネを図ることもできる。
When the heat source temperature is high or the outside air temperature is low, and the temperature head from the evaporation temperature to the condensation temperature of the compression refrigeration cycle can be created even in the absorption refrigeration cycle, the switching valves V3, V4, V5 are opened and the switching valve V1 is closed. The compression mechanism 20 and the absorption refrigeration cycle 50 can be operated to reduce the compression work of the low-pressure stage and the high-pressure stage. In this operation state, even if the compression mechanism 20 is stopped, if the heat source heat quantity is not insufficient, the load can be covered only by the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the work of the compression mechanism 20 can be eliminated.
When the heat source temperature is very low or the heat source heat quantity cannot be obtained, the switching valves V1, V3, V4 are closed to stop the absorption refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant pump 90 is also stopped, V5 is opened, and the compression refrigeration cycle 10 is opened. Only cooling operation can be performed.
In addition, it is possible to further save energy by further adding a switching valve to further refine the combination of the low pressure stage, the combination of ON and OFF of the high pressure stage, and the absorption cycle.
図６を参照して、本発明の第６の実施の形態に係るハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置６を説明する。本実施例は、前記ハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置５の吸収器５２を外部熱源で冷却される外部冷却吸収器５２Ａと冷媒ポンプ９０で送られてくる冷媒Ｒ１で冷却される冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂで構成し、凝縮器５３を外部熱源で冷却される外部冷却凝縮器５３Ａと冷媒ポンプ９０で送られてくる冷媒Ｒ１で冷却される冷媒冷却凝縮器５３Ｂで構成したものである。冷房運転時には、外部冷却吸収器５２Ａと外部冷却凝縮器５３Ａを用い、暖房運転時には、冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂと冷媒冷却凝縮器５３Ｂを用いる。なお、冷房時には、外部冷却吸収器５２Ａと冷媒冷却吸収器５２Ｂの両者と、外部冷却凝縮器５３Ａと冷媒冷却凝縮器５３Ｂの両者を利用するようにしても差し支えない。 With reference to FIG. 6, the hybrid heat pump apparatus 6 which concerns on the 6th Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. In this embodiment, the absorber 52 of the hybrid heat pump device 5 is composed of an external cooling absorber 52A cooled by an external heat source and a refrigerant cooling absorber 52B cooled by the refrigerant R1 sent by the refrigerant pump 90. The condenser 53 includes an external cooling condenser 53A that is cooled by an external heat source and a refrigerant cooling condenser 53B that is cooled by the refrigerant R1 sent by the refrigerant pump 90. The external cooling absorber 52A and the external cooling condenser 53A are used during the cooling operation, and the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B and the refrigerant cooling condenser 53B are used during the heating operation. In cooling, both the external cooling absorber 52A and the refrigerant cooling absorber 52B, and both the external cooling condenser 53A and the refrigerant cooling condenser 53B may be used.
１０ 圧縮冷凍サイクル
２０ 圧縮機構
２１ 低圧段圧縮機
２２ 高圧段圧縮機
２３ 気液分離器
２４ 四方弁
３０ 利用側熱交換器
３１ 熱源側熱交換器
３５ 第一膨張弁
３６ 第二膨張弁
３７ 四方弁
３８ 過冷却器
３９ 膨張弁
４０〜４８ 冷媒配管
５０ 吸収冷凍サイクル
５１ 再生器
５２ 吸収器
５３ 凝縮器
５４ 蒸発器
５５ 溶液熱交換器
５６ 溶液・冷媒気液分離器
６０ 吸収溶液ポンプ
６１ 冷媒ポンプ
７１〜７５ 吸収溶液・冷媒配管
９０ 冷媒ポンプ
９１〜９３ 冷媒配管
Ｖ１、Ｖ２、Ｖ３、Ｖ４、Ｖ５ 切替弁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Compression refrigeration cycle 20 Compression mechanism 21 Low pressure stage compressor 22 High pressure stage compressor 23 Gas-liquid separator 24 Four-way valve 30 Use side heat exchanger 31 Heat source side heat exchanger 35 First expansion valve 36 Second expansion valve 37 Four way valve 38 Supercooler 39 Expansion valve 40-48 Refrigerant piping 50 Absorption refrigeration cycle 51 Regenerator 52 Absorber 53 Condenser 54 Evaporator 55 Solution heat exchanger 56 Solution / refrigerant gas-liquid separator 60 Absorbing solution pump 61 Refrigerant pump 71- 75 Absorbing solution / refrigerant pipe 90 Refrigerant pumps 91-93 Refrigerant pipes V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 selector valve
Claims (6)
前記圧縮冷凍サイクル側の冷媒液Ｒ１を、吸収冷凍サイクルの前記吸収器の伝熱面の冷却側に送って、前記吸収器の伝熱面の被冷却側の吸収溶液を冷却し、
冷却後の前記冷媒Ｒ１を、圧縮冷凍サイクルの前記圧縮機構の吐出側に接続された前記熱源側熱交換器または前記利用側熱交換器の入口側に導く
ことを特徴とするハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置。 In a hybrid heat pump device comprising a compression refrigeration cycle comprising a compression mechanism, a heat source side heat exchanger, a use side heat exchanger and refrigerant piping, and an absorption refrigeration cycle comprising a regenerator, absorber, solution piping and refrigerant piping,
The refrigerant liquid R1 on the compression refrigeration cycle side is sent to the cooling side of the heat transfer surface of the absorber of the absorption refrigeration cycle to cool the absorption solution on the cooled side of the heat transfer surface of the absorber,
The hybrid heat pump apparatus, wherein the refrigerant R1 after cooling is led to an inlet side of the heat source side heat exchanger or the use side heat exchanger connected to a discharge side of the compression mechanism of a compression refrigeration cycle.
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載のハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置。 The absorber of the absorption compression refrigeration cycle is configured by an external cooling absorber and a refrigerant cooling absorber, and the refrigerant cooling absorber is used by pausing the external cooling absorber during heating operation. The hybrid heat pump device described.
前記圧縮冷凍サイクル側の冷媒液Ｒ１を、吸収冷凍サイクルの前記吸収器および前記凝縮器の冷却側に送って、前記吸収器の被冷却側の吸収溶液および前記凝縮器の被冷却側の冷媒を冷却し、
圧縮冷凍サイクルから送られ冷却に利用された後の前記冷媒Ｒ１を、圧縮冷凍サイクルの前記圧縮機構の吐出側に接続された前記熱源側熱交換器または前記利用側熱交換器の入口側に導く
ことを特徴とするハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置。 A compression refrigeration cycle having a compression mechanism, a heat source side heat exchanger, a use side heat exchanger and a refrigerant pipe; and an absorption refrigeration cycle having a regenerator, a condenser, an absorber, an evaporator, a solution pipe and a refrigerant pipe. In the hybrid heat pump device
The refrigerant liquid R1 on the compression refrigeration cycle side is sent to the cooling side of the absorber and the condenser in the absorption refrigeration cycle, and the absorption solution on the cooled side of the absorber and the refrigerant on the cooled side of the condenser are supplied. Cool,
The refrigerant R1 sent from the compression refrigeration cycle and used for cooling is guided to the heat source side heat exchanger connected to the discharge side of the compression mechanism of the compression refrigeration cycle or the inlet side of the utilization side heat exchanger. A hybrid heat pump device.
ことを特徴とする請求項３に記載のハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置。 The absorber of the absorption compression refrigeration cycle is composed of an external cooling absorber and a refrigerant cooling absorber, and the condenser of the absorption compression refrigeration cycle is composed of an external cooling condenser and a refrigerant cooling condenser, The hybrid heat pump device according to claim 3, wherein the refrigerant cooling absorber and the refrigerant cooling condenser are used after the external cooling absorber and the external cooling condenser are stopped during the heating operation.
冷媒液Ｒ１自身を、冷媒液Ｒ１の一部を低圧側に膨張させて得られる冷熱で冷却する過冷却器を設けている
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜４に記載のハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置。 In the refrigerant piping for sending the refrigerant liquid R1 of the compression refrigeration cycle to the cooling side of the absorber of the absorption refrigeration cycle or the cooling side of the absorber and the cooling side of the condenser,
The hybrid heat pump device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a subcooler that cools the refrigerant liquid R1 itself with cold heat obtained by expanding a part of the refrigerant liquid R1 to a low pressure side.
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜５に記載のハイブリッドヒートポンプ装置。 The compression mechanism is composed of two units, a low-pressure stage compressor and a high-pressure stage compressor, and adjusts the output of the use side heat exchanger by the rotational speed of the low-pressure stage compressor, and the rotational speed of the high-pressure stage compressor The hybrid heat pump device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the output ratio of the compression refrigeration cycle and the absorption refrigeration cycle is adjusted by the control.
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