JP2019155298A - Method for producing molded body and method for producing carbonized product - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a seed separation device capable of easily separating at least a part of seeds included in a fibrous biomass feedstock.SOLUTION: The seed separation device is provided that has: a container which has a supply port upward supplying a fibrous feedstock including seeds and a fibrous biomass and gas accompanying the fibrous biomass feedstock, and separates the seeds and the fibrous biomass into a fibrous biomass-rich content and a seed-rich content utilizing a difference of their terminal velocities; a first discharge part provided in an upper portion of the container and discharging the fibrous biomass-rich content from the inside of the container; and a second discharge part provided in the bottom of the container and discharging the seed-rich content from the inside of the container.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a seed separator, a method for producing a molded body, and a method for producing a carbide.

  A method is known in which waste such as general waste and industrial waste is melted in a waste gasification melting furnace, and recovered as slag and metal to be recycled. In the waste gasification and melting furnace, coke made from coal, which is fossil fuel, is used as fuel. However, there is a need to reduce the amount of coke used from the viewpoint of natural resource conservation and greenhouse gas emission control. It is growing.

Therefore, based on the concept of carbon-free that can be regarded as zero CO ₂ generated at the time of combustion, it has been studied to use a coke substitute as a fuel produced using biomass-derived raw materials, A method for producing the fuel using the above is also being studied. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a carbide using as a raw material fibrous biomass composed of palm palm empty fruit bunches generated in the process of producing palm oil. In the manufacturing method of the carbide, a cylindrical molded body is prepared by preparing a pulverized product whose particle size is adjusted by drying and pulverizing fibrous biomass composed of palm palm empty fruit bunches, and heating and pressing the pulverized product. The carbide is produced by dry distillation of the resulting molded body.

  In Patent Document 1, a screw-type extruder is used for molding. At the time of molding, heat is applied to the raw material by a heater provided in the extrusion molding machine to soften lignin contained in the raw material, and compression is performed by pressure from the extrusion molding machine to obtain a high-density molded body. The higher the density of the molded product obtained, the higher the strength of the carbide obtained by dry distillation of the molded product, which is useful as an alternative to coal-derived coke used in a waste gasification melting furnace.

JP2015-129235A

  However, the fibrous biomass consisting of the palm palm empty fruit bunches that are raw materials may contain palm palm seeds that contain a large amount of oil inside, and the higher the content of the seeds, the more they are contained in the seeds. It turned out that it becomes difficult to obtain the molding which has sufficient density by the influence of oil. Carbides obtained by carbonizing a molded article having a low density have insufficient strength, and there is room for improvement in use as an alternative to coal-derived coke used in a waste gasification and melting furnace.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the seed separation apparatus which can isolate | separate at least one part of the seed contained in a fibrous biomass raw material simply. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a molded body capable of producing a molded body having a sufficient density when a molded body is manufactured using a fibrous biomass material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a carbide capable of producing a carbide having sufficient strength.

  In one aspect, the present invention has a supply port for supplying a fibrous biomass material including seeds and fibrous biomass and a gas accompanying the fibrous biomass material upward, and the seed and the fibrous material A container that separates into a fibrous biomass-rich component and a seed-rich component using a difference in terminal velocity from biomass, and a container that is provided at an upper portion of the container and discharges the fibrous biomass-rich component from the container. There is provided a seed separation device having one discharge part and a second discharge part provided at a lower part of the container and discharging the seed rich content from the container.

  The seed separation device uses the fact that seeds and fibrous biomass have different masses, shapes, and bulkiness, and accordingly, the difference in the terminal speed between seeds and fibrous biomass occurs. It is an apparatus that can easily separate at least part of the contained seeds. That is, in the above seed separator, the difference between the terminal end rate of the seed and the end rate of the fibrous biomass, which is generated by adjusting the supply amount of the gas accompanying the fibrous biomass raw material or the like (specifically, To adjust at least a part of the seeds from the fibrous biomass material by adjusting so that the moving direction of the fibrous biomass is negative when the moving direction of the seed is positive) As a result, a fibrous biomass-rich component having a seed content lower than that of the fibrous biomass material can be obtained.

  The container may have a stopper below the supply port and on the inner wall of the container. In the fibrous biomass material, there may be a lump portion in the fibrous biomass material due to entanglement of the fibrous biomass and adhesion of seeds to the fibrous biomass. When there is a lump part, by providing a stopper in the container, by increasing the residence time of the fibrous biomass raw material in the container, the entanglement is easily unraveled, and the seed content is further reduced. A biomass-rich content can be obtained.

  The container may have an opening for taking in outside air. By taking outside air into the container, the temperature inside the container can be prevented from rising, and the fibrous biomass can be prevented from being deteriorated by heat.

  The supply port may be provided so that a swirling flow is generated in the container. By producing the swirl flow, a fibrous biomass-rich component with a reduced seed content can be obtained.

  The cross-sectional area in the horizontal direction of the container at the upper end of the supply port may be larger than the area of the supply port. By making the cross-sectional area of the container larger than the area of the supply port, the flow rate of the gas flowing in the container can be made smaller than the flow rate of the gas flowing in the supply pipe connected to the supply port. In other words, it is possible to separate the seed rich portion and the fibrous biomass rich portion without adjusting the gas supply amount by a separate means so that the inside of the container and the supply pipe have different flow rates. Device. Further, the flow rate of the gas in the supply pipe can be increased for supplying the raw material to the container, and the seed and the fibrous biomass can be stably supplied, so that continuous operation is also possible.

  In another aspect, the present invention separates a fibrous biomass material containing seeds and fibrous biomass into a fibrous biomass-rich component and a seed-rich component using a difference in terminal speed between the seed and the fibrous biomass. There is provided a method for producing a molded body, comprising: a step of pulverizing the fibrous biomass-rich component to obtain a pulverized product, and a step of extruding the pulverized product to obtain a molded product.

  In the method for producing a molded body, at least a part of seeds containing a large amount of oil is separated to obtain a fibrous biomass rich component having a seed content lower than that of the fibrous biomass material. Thus, after reducing the oil content contained in the raw material, the fibrous biomass-rich fiber is molded after being pulverized so that the pressure during extrusion molding is uniformly applied. By reducing the oil content, frictional heat due to friction of the biomass-derived raw material is likely to be generated, and lignin contained in the raw material can be sufficiently softened. In this way, it is possible to soften the lignin using the frictional heat and compress the raw material while ensuring the frictional force, thereby producing a molded body having a sufficient density.

  In the fibrous biomass raw material, the method for producing the molded body includes injecting oxygen-containing gas into the aggregate from the gas supply means located below the aggregate into the aggregate of the fibrous biomass raw material. The method may further include a step of decomposing at least a part of the oil contained in the fibrous biomass. Since oil content may also be contained in the fibrous biomass portion of the fibrous biomass material, reducing the oil content contained in the fibrous biomass portion is effective for obtaining a molded body having a sufficient density. Therefore, at least a part of the oil contained in the fibrous biomass is activated by sufficiently supplying oxygen to the inside of the aggregate of the fibrous biomass to activate the oil-degrading bacteria present on the surface of the fibrous biomass. May be decomposed.

  The method for producing the molded body is characterized in that the fibrous biomass-rich product is obtained by blowing a gas containing oxygen into the accumulation from the gas supply means located below the accumulation into the accumulation of the fibrous biomass-rich component. You may further have the process of decomposing | disassembling at least one part of the oil component contained in a minute. Since the fibrous biomass portion of the fibrous biomass raw material may contain oil, reducing the oil contained in the fibrous biomass-rich component is effective for obtaining a molded body having sufficient density. . Accordingly, oxygen is sufficiently supplied to the inside of the fibrous biomass-rich accumulation to activate the oil-degrading bacteria present on the surface of the fibrous biomass raw material, so that at least one of the oil contained in the fibrous biomass is activated. The part may be disassembled.

  The oil content contained in the pulverized product may be 2.5% by mass or less in dry mass based on the total mass of the pulverized product. Generation | occurrence | production of the frictional heat at the time of shaping | molding can be made more sufficient as the oil content contained in a ground material is 2.5 mass% or less, and a higher density molded object can be manufactured.

  In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a carbide comprising a step of carbonizing a molded body produced by the above-described method for producing a molded body to obtain a carbide.

  Since the carbide manufacturing method uses a high-density molded body manufactured by the above-described molded body manufacturing method, a carbide having sufficient strength can be obtained. Such a carbide is useful as a substitute for coke using coal as a raw material in a waste gasification and melting furnace.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the seed separation apparatus which can isolate | separate at least one part of the seed contained in a fibrous biomass raw material simply can be provided. According to the present invention, it is also possible to provide a method for producing a molded body capable of producing a molded body having a sufficient density when a molded body is manufactured using a fibrous biomass raw material. According to the present invention, it is also possible to provide a carbide manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a carbide having sufficient strength.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a seed separation device. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a seed separation device. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing a molded body and carbide. FIG. 4 is a top view showing an example of a floor having gas supply means in a storage place or storage yard for storing an accumulation of fibrous biomass raw materials. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a part of a cross-sectional structure when cut along the line VV in FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a screw-type extrusion molding machine. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the storage days and the oil content in Examples 5 to 8. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the oil content in the pulverized product and the density of the molded body in Example 9.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings depending on cases. However, the following embodiments are examples for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the following contents. In the description, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements or elements having the same function. Further, the positional relationship such as up, down, left and right is based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. The dimensional ratio of each element is not limited to the ratio shown in the drawings.

<Seed separator>
One embodiment of the seed separator has a supply port for supplying a fibrous biomass material including seeds and fibrous biomass and a gas accompanying the fibrous biomass material upward, and the seed and the fiber A container that separates into a fibrous biomass-rich component and a seed-rich component using a difference in terminal velocity from the fibrous biomass, and is provided on the upper portion of the container, and the fibrous biomass-rich component is discharged from the container. A first discharge unit, and a second discharge unit that is provided at a lower portion of the container and discharges the seed-rich component from the container. The cross-sectional area in the horizontal direction of the container at the upper end of the supply port is larger than the area of the supply port.

  The fibrous biomass material includes seeds. Examples of the fibrous biomass raw material include palm palm empty fruit bunches generated in the process of producing palm oil. The fibrous biomass material preferably consists of palm palm empty fruit bunch. The content of seeds contained in the fibrous biomass material is not particularly limited based on the total mass of the fibrous biomass material, but is 5 mass% or more, 10 mass% or more, or 15 mass% or more in dry mass. It may be.

  The seed separation device separates at least a part of seeds containing a large amount of oil by utilizing the difference between the terminal end speed of the seeds and the end speed of the fibrous biomass raw material, and the seed content is fibrous biomass. Gives a fibrous biomass-rich content lower than the raw material. Here, the terminal speed is a speed when a force accelerating in the traveling direction and a resistance force in the opposite direction are balanced. In the present embodiment, the main factors that determine the terminal velocity of seeds and fibrous biomass are gravity and buoyancy generated by the gas accompanying the raw material (hereinafter also referred to as carrier gas).

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a seed separation device according to the embodiment. A seed separator 100 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a container 10 and a container 10, and collects a fibrous biomass-rich component from the supply pipe 20 and the container 10 that supply the fibrous biomass material and the carrier gas toward the upper side of the container 10. And a rotary valve (not shown) for recovering the seed-rich content from the container 10. The container 10 and the supply pipe 20 are connected by the supply port 12, the container 10 and the take-out pipe 30 are connected by the first discharge part 14 provided in the upper part of the container 10, and the container 10 and the rotary valve are the second discharge. They are connected by the part 16.

  The fibrous biomass-rich fraction is a fraction obtained by separating at least a part of seeds by a seed separator, and refers to one having a fibrous biomass content higher than that of the fibrous biomass material. The content rate of the fibrous biomass in the fibrous biomass-rich component can be, for example, 90% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more in terms of dry mass based on the total mass of the fibrous biomass-rich component. The seed content in the fibrous biomass-rich component can be, for example, 5% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, or 2% by mass or less in terms of dry mass based on the total mass of the fibrous biomass-rich component. It is also possible to remove all of the above.

  The seed rich fraction is a fraction containing seeds separated from the fibrous biomass raw material by the seed separation device, and means a seed having a larger content rate than the fibrous biomass raw material. The seed content in the seed rich portion can be, for example, 90% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or more by dry mass. When fibrous biomass is contained in the seed rich component, the dry mass can be 3% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or less based on the total mass of the seed rich component.

  The carrier gas accompanying the fibrous biomass material may be air, for example. The carrier gas may use heated air from the viewpoint of reducing the moisture contained in the fibrous biomass raw material so that the fibrous biomass can be easily released. The temperature of the heated air may be, for example, 30 ° C. or higher, 40 ° C. or higher, or 50 ° C. or higher. The supply amount of the carrier gas is such that the gas flow rate above the container 10 (below the first discharge part) is, for example, 4 to 10 m / second, 5 to 10 m / second, 4 to 8 m / second, or 4 to 6 m / second. It can be set to be seconds.

  In the seed separator 100, the fibrous biomass material and the carrier gas are supplied toward the upper side of the container 10. Therefore, in the side view of the seed separating apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 1, the supply pipe 20 is placed in a container so that the inclination angle of the extending direction of the supply pipe 20 (direction I shown in FIG. 1) with respect to the horizontal plane H is θ1. 10 may be connected. The angle θ1 may be, for example, 15 ° or more, 20 ° or more, or 30 ° or more, and may be 45 ° or less.

  The supply port 12 may be provided so that a swirling flow is generated in the container 10. The swirling flow can also be generated, for example, by adjusting the extending direction of the supply pipe 20 provided for the container 10. For example, the supply pipe 20 may be provided so that the supply pipe 20 connected to the supply port 12 extends in a direction parallel to the tangential direction of the container 10 when the container 10 is viewed from above. . By generating a swirl flow in the container 10, it is possible to form a gas flow from the lower part to the upper part of the container 10 while releasing the entanglement of the fibrous biomass. The content rate can be further reduced.

  The cross-sectional area in the horizontal direction of the container 10 at the upper end of the supply port 12 may be larger than the area of the supply port 12. The cross-sectional area of the container 10 may be, for example, 2.5 times or more, 3.5 times or more, or 4 times or more the area of the supply port 12. When the container 10 is cylindrical and the container 10 and the supply pipe 20 are connected to each other at the supply port 12, the relationship between the inner diameter of the container 10 and the inner diameter of the supply pipe 20 may be adjusted. Can be made larger than the inner diameter of the supply pipe 20. The inner diameter (diameter) of the container 10 may be, for example, 1.5 times or more, 2.0 times or more, or 2.5 times or more of the inner diameter (diameter) of the supply pipe 20.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a seed separation device according to another embodiment. The seed separator 102 according to this embodiment has the same basic configuration as the seed separator 100 according to the above embodiment. The above description can be applied to common portions. In the seed separation device 102, the container 10 has a stopper 11 provided below the supply port 12 and on the inner wall of the container 10. The seed separation device 102 also has an opening 15 through which the container 10 takes in outside air below the supply port 12 and above the stopper 11. Hereinafter, although the seed separation apparatus 102 is demonstrated, description of the part which is common in the seed separation apparatus 100 which concerns on the said embodiment is abbreviate | omitted.

  The stopper 11 is provided in a ring shape along the inner wall of the container 10. In the fibrous biomass material, there may be a portion that is agglomerated due to adhesion of seeds to the fibrous biomass and entanglement between the fibrous biomass. Such a massive portion has a larger mass than that of the fibrous biomass alone, and after being supplied to the container 10, the influence of gravity becomes stronger than the buoyancy caused by the carrier gas, and the second discharge part 16 located below the container 10. May be included in the seed rich portion. The stopper 11 hinders such a lump portion from being recovered as a seed-rich component in a state containing a large amount of fibrous biomass. The lump portion received by the stopper 11 is easily separated from the entanglement as described above by the flow of the carrier gas in the container 10 (for example, swirl flow), and is efficiently separated by the seed and fibrous biomass, It is easy to collect as seed rich and fibrous biomass rich respectively. The shape of the stopper 11 is not particularly limited, and may be a plate shape. The stopper 11 preferably has a slit that allows seeds to pass through, and may have a net shape. A plurality of stoppers 11 may be provided on the inner wall of the container 10.

  The container 10 has an opening 15 for taking in outside air. By taking outside air into the container 10 from the opening 15, an excessive temperature rise inside the container 10 can be suppressed. The opening 15 may include a lid that can be opened and closed as necessary. By providing the opening 15 with a lid, it becomes easy to control the amount of outside air taken in. In FIG. 2, the opening 15 is provided above the stopper 11, but the opening 15 may be provided below the stopper 11.

<Method for producing molded body and method for producing carbide>
One embodiment of a method for producing a molded body uses a fibrous biomass raw material containing seeds and fibrous biomass as a seed, and the difference in terminal velocity between the fibrous biomass and the fibrous biomass-rich component and the seed-rich component. And a step of obtaining a molded product by extruding the pulverized product. The molded body produced by the method for producing the molded body has a sufficiently high density. For example, coke made from coal used in a melting furnace such as a shaft-type waste gasification melting furnace is used as a raw material. Suitable as an alternative. Moreover, one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of a carbide | carbonized_material further includes the process of carbonizing a molded object in addition to the process which the manufacturing method of the said molded object includes.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing a molded body and carbide according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the manufacturing method of a molded object has oil content decomposition process S1, crushing process S2, seed removal process S3, drying process S4, crushing process S5, and molding process S6. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material has carbonization process S7 in addition to said each process S1-S6.

  Oil content decomposition process S1 is a process of decomposing at least a part of oil content contained in fibrous biomass materials using oil content decomposition bacteria. In the oil decomposing step S1, in order to activate the oil degrading bacteria, a gas containing oxygen is blown into the fibrous biomass raw material accumulation from the gas supply means. The accumulation of fibrous biomass material corresponds to, for example, the above-described fibrous biomass material stacked in a storage facility or the like.

  FIG. 4 is a top view showing an example of a floor having gas supply means in a storage place or storage yard for storing an accumulation of fibrous biomass raw materials. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a part of a cross-sectional structure when cut along the line VV in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the floor 50 of the storage yard or storage yard is provided with a plurality of recesses 4 (for example, grooves), and the gas introduction pipe 2 for supplying gas is provided on the floor 50. Is accommodated in each of the recessed portions 4 formed. As shown in FIG. 5, the gas introduction pipe 2 (for example, a pipe) is provided with a plurality of gas supply ports 2 a (for example, holes) for releasing gas toward the bottom surface of the recess 4. Since the gas supply port 2a is formed so that the gas supplied from the gas supply port 2a is discharged toward the bottom surface of the recess 4, the gas can be supplied more uniformly to the accumulation. Yes.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of solid substances 6 are filled so as to fill the space between the recess 4 and the gas introduction pipe 2. The solid material 6 prevents the accumulation of fibrous biomass raw material stored on the storage or storage yard from entering the recess 4 and blocking the gas supply port 2a of the gas introduction pipe 2 to cut off the gas supply. ing. The material of the solid material 6 is preferably one having a specific gravity greater than that of the fibrous biomass material, and may be, for example, crushed stone.

The gas for activating the oil-degrading bacteria may be any gas that contains oxygen, for example, air. The supply amount of the gas may be adjusted so that, for example, 50 to 100 m ³ of gas per hour is supplied to 1 ton of dry mass of the accumulation. Moreover, in order to activate the oil-degrading bacteria, the temperature of the fibrous biomass raw material accumulation may be, for example, 25 ° C. or higher, or 30 ° C. or higher. The temperature of the fibrous biomass raw material accumulation may be adjusted to be constant or may be varied. The oil decomposition step S1 has a period in which the temperature of the accumulated product is preferably kept at 60 ° C. or more, a period in which the temperature is kept at 40 ° C. or less, more preferably a period in which the temperature is kept at 60-70 ° C., and 30-40 ° C. And maintaining the temperature at a predetermined temperature.

  The temperature of the fibrous biomass raw material accumulation can be adjusted by the amount of gas supplied from the gas supply means, mechanical agitation of the accumulation (for example, agitation by heavy machinery), and the like. For example, when the gas supply amount is increased, the temperature of the accumulation is decreased, and conversely, when the gas supply amount is decreased, bacteria other than oil-degrading bacteria are present on the surface of the fibrous biomass raw material. The temperature of the accumulation rises due to heat at the time of decomposition and heat at the time when the oil-decomposing bacteria decompose oil. The temperature of the accumulation can be measured using, for example, a thermocouple.

  By keeping the fibrous biomass raw material at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher for a certain period, the oil contained in the raw material is softened and easily oozes out to the surface of the raw material. That is, by keeping the fibrous biomass material at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher for a certain period of time, the oil contained in the fibrous biomass material (particularly, fibrous biomass) is concentrated on the surface and in the vicinity thereof rather than inside the fibrous biomass. be able to. Since oil-degrading bacteria usually exist on the surface of a fibrous biomass raw material, the decomposition proceeds from the oil present on the surface of the raw material and in the vicinity thereof. In addition, easily degradable substances existing on the surface of the fibrous biomass material are decomposed by bacteria activated in a relatively high temperature range among bacteria other than oil-degrading bacteria, and the environment in which oil-degrading bacteria easily decompose oil is made. be able to. In the oil decomposition step S1, the time required for oil decomposition can be shortened by providing a period for keeping the temperature of the accumulated product at 60 ° C. or higher. The time required for the oil decomposition step S1 can be, for example, 1 to 14 days, or 1 to 8 days.

  The oil-degrading bacteria may use bacteria originally present on the surface of the fibrous biomass material (for example, palm palm empty fruit bunch), or may be added from the outside. Examples of the method for adding oil-degrading bacteria from the outside include spraying. More specifically, a commercially available oil-degrading bacterium or an oil-degrading bacterium collected from a fibrous biomass material may be separately cultured and grown, and then sprayed and added to the aggregate of the fibrous biomass material. .

  Examples of oil-degrading bacteria include yeast and Bacillus. Examples of yeast include Cryptococcus, Candida, Trichosporon, and Micrococcus. Examples of Bacillus include Bacillus subtilis. Examples of other oil-degrading bacteria include the genus Corynebacterium and the genus Koclear. The oil-degrading bacterium preferably contains one or more selected from the group consisting of the genera Bacillus and Cochlia. The genus Bacillus is excellent in environmental resistance, and the genus Koclear is excellent in oil decomposition performance at 30 to 40 ° C.

  The crushing step S2 is a step of obtaining a crushed material by crushing the fibrous biomass raw material in which at least a part of the oil is decomposed in the oil component decomposition step S1. By crushing the fibrous biomass material, it is possible to further improve the efficiency of seed removal in the seed removal step S3 described later and the efficiency of drying in the drying step S4. The crushing of the fibrous biomass material can be performed using, for example, a crusher.

  In the crushing step S2, the size of the obtained fibrous biomass material after crushing (hereinafter also referred to as a crushed material) is preferably 200 mm or less, and more preferably 50 mm or less. The size of the crushed material may be, for example, more than 10 mm or 20 mm or more.

  The seed removal step S3 is a step of removing at least part of the seeds in the crushed material obtained in the crushing step S2. In seed removal process S3, the above-mentioned seed separation device can be used, for example. A fibrous biomass-rich component can be obtained by separating and removing at least part of the seeds contained in the crushed material of the fibrous biomass using a seed separator. The seed content in the crushed material is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and even more preferably 2% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the crushed material. . By making the content rate of the seeds contained in the crushed material within the above range, the oil content contained in the pulverized material obtained in the pulverization step S5 described later can be further reduced.

  The drying step S5 is a step of drying the crushed material obtained in the seed removal step S3. The moisture content of the crushed product after drying is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the crushed product. By setting the moisture content of the crushed material after drying within the above range, in the molding step S6 described later, the moisture is vaporized and expanded by the heat generated during molding, so that cracks and the like are generated in the molded body. Can be suppressed. The moisture content of the crushed material can be determined using a heating moisture meter or an electric resistance moisture meter.

  The drying method in the drying step may be natural drying or forcibly drying using a drying facility. As the drying equipment, an air dryer or the like can be used. The drying temperature may be 100 ° C. or higher, and preferably 120 ° C. or higher. The drying temperature may be 350 ° C. or lower, or 300 ° C. or lower. The time of a drying process can be suitably selected according to drying temperature etc.

  The pulverization step S6 is a step of further pulverizing the crushed material dried through the drying step S5 to obtain a pulverized product. The size of the pulverized product obtained in the pulverization step S6 may be, for example, 100 mm or less, and preferably 1 mm or less. When the size of the pulverized product is within the above range, molding by pressurization becomes easier.

  The oil contained in the pulverized product is a dry mass based on the total mass of the pulverized product, preferably 2.5% by mass or less, more preferably 2.0% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1.5% by mass. % Or less. By setting the amount of oil contained in the pulverized product within the above range, the amount of frictional heat generated during molding can be improved, and a molded body having a higher density can be produced in the subsequent molding step S7. .

  The molding step S7 is a step of obtaining a molded body by extruding the pulverized product obtained in the pulverizing step S6. For example, a screw type extrusion molding machine can be used for the molding. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a screw-type extrusion molding machine. The screw-type extrusion molding machine 300 includes a raw material storage unit 31 that stores a pulverized product, a die 32 having a hollow portion 321, and a heater 34 that heats the die 32. A raw material supply port 35 for dropping and supplying the pulverized material is provided in the upper part of the raw material storage unit 31. The screw 33 housed in the raw material reservoir 31 below the raw material supply port 35 is formed on the downstream side of the first screw 331 and the raw material conveyance direction (X-axis direction in FIG. 6) by the first screw 331. And a second screw 332 having an outer diameter of the screw blade smaller than that of the first screw 331 and a resistance portion 36 formed on the downstream side of the second screw 332.

  The molding step S <b> 7 may be performed while the die 32 is heated by the heater 34. The set temperature of the heater 34 is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher. By setting the set temperature to 150 ° C. or higher, softening of the lignin in the pulverized product can be further promoted together with the frictional heat generated by the friction of the pulverized product in the screw type extruder. By softening the lignin in the pulverized product, a molded body having a higher density can be obtained. As a result, a carbide having a more sufficient strength can be produced in the carbonization step S8 described later. The set temperature by the heater 34 may be 250 ° C. or less. When the set temperature is 250 ° C. or lower, the occurrence of thermal decomposition of the pulverized product can be more sufficiently suppressed.

  The shape of the molded body may be, for example, a briquette and a pellet. The shape of the molded body is preferably a cylindrical briquette because it is suitable for carbonization treatment in the manufacture of carbides to be described later and combustion of the resulting carbides.

  In the manufacturing method of the said molded object, although the oil component decomposition | disassembly process S1, the crushing process S2, the seed removal process S3, the drying process S4, the grinding | pulverization process S5, and the molding process S6 of a fibrous biomass raw material have in this order, each process Is not limited to this order, and the order of steps S1 to S4 may be changed as appropriate. For example, the crushing step S2 and the seed removal step S3 may be performed first, followed by the oil decomposition step S1. Moreover, although the manufacturing method of the said molded object has each process S1-S5, you may abbreviate | omit about processes other than seed removal process S3, crushing process S4, and molding process S6.

  Carbonization process S7 is a process of carbonizing the molded object obtained by the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned molded object, and obtaining a carbide | carbonized_material. Examples of the carbonization treatment of the molded body include a method of carbonizing in a carbonization furnace. The dry distillation temperature is, for example, 600 to 1200 ° C. By setting the carbonization temperature in the above range, a carbide closer to the properties of coke derived from coal used in the gasification melting furnace can be obtained.

  The coke used in the melting furnace preferably has a high crushing strength. From the viewpoint of obtaining a carbide as a substitute for such coke, the density of the molded body is preferably 1.28 kg / L or more. By setting the density of the molded body within the above range, carbide having sufficient strength can be provided, and the obtained carbide can have sufficient crushing strength. The density of the molded product can be adjusted by reducing the oil content of the pulverized product. For example, the density of the molded product can be increased by setting the oil content of the pulverized product to 2.5% by mass or less. Can do. Here, the crushing strength is the load applied to the carbide by the press machine when the carbide is exposed to 1000 ° C. air for 30 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature, and the cooled carbide is applied to the press machine and the carbide collapses. (N) is shown. When measuring the crushing strength, a sample obtained by cutting the length of a hollow cylindrical carbide into 50 mm is used as a sample. Moreover, the conditions for exposure to air at 1000 ° C. for 30 minutes are set in consideration of the temperature conditions in the waste melting furnace.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment at all. For example, the above-described seed separation device can be used to separate at least a part of seeds contained in the raw material from various biomass raw materials, in addition to obtaining a fibrous biomass-rich component used in the method for producing a molded body. .

  Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1
As a fibrous biomass material, 22.05 kg of palm palm empty fruit bunches (seed content: 0.2% by mass in dry mass) was prepared. This palm palm empty fruit bunch was crushed with a crusher to obtain a crushed material. The obtained crushed material was put on a flow of air from an intrusion fan, and divided into 7.25 kg, 7.73 kg, and 6.75 kg three times and put into a seed separator as shown in FIG. By adjusting the average gas flow rate inside the container of the seed separation device to be 6.75 m / sec, at least a part of the seed is separated from the palm palm empty fruit bunches, and the palm palm empty fruit bunches rich content (fibrous biomass It was divided into a rich portion) and a seed rich portion. The yield of the fibrous biomass rich (palm palm empty fruit bunches) based on the seed content in the obtained palm palm empty fruit bunches, the seed removal rate, and the total mass of the crushed material charged into the seed separator (hereinafter referred to as the palm palm empty fruit bunches) Yield) was also calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

Seed content rate is the following formula by collecting the whole amount of fibrous biomass raw material or the obtained fibrous biomass rich and performing visual observation, and when the seed is contained, taking out the seed and measuring the mass, Calculated using (I).
Seed content rate (%) = [(mass of seed in fibrous biomass rich portion) / (total mass of fibrous biomass rich portion)] × 100 (I)

The seed removal rate was calculated using the following formula (II).
Seed removal rate (%) = [(mass of seed in fibrous biomass-rich content) / (mass of seed in fibrous biomass-rich raw material)] × 100 (II)

The yield was calculated using the following formula (III).
Yield (mass%) = [(dry mass of fibrous biomass in the rich portion of fibrous biomass) / (dry mass of fibrous biomass in the fibrous biomass raw material consisting of palm palm empty fruit bunch)] × 100. II)

(Example 2)
As the fibrous biomass material, 18.3 kg of palm palm empty fruit bunches (seed content: 4.2% by mass in dry mass) was prepared. This palm palm empty fruit bunch was crushed with a crusher to obtain a crushed material. The obtained crushed material was put on a flow of air from an indentation fan and put into a seed separator as shown in FIG. In addition, the pulverized product of palm palm empty fruit bunches was put into a container in three portions of 5.40 kg, 6.15 kg, and 6.75 kg. By adjusting the average gas flow rate inside the container of the seed separation device to be 8.7 m / sec, it was divided into palm palm empty fruit bunches and seed rich portions. The seed content, seed removal rate, and yield of the obtained palm palm empty fruit bunches were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 3)
The use of 14.4 kg of palm palm empty fruit bunches (seed content: 3.6% by dry mass) as the fibrous biomass raw material, and the pulverized product of palm palm empty fruit bunches were divided into three times in the amounts shown in Table 1. The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the seed separator was provided with a stopper (a seed separator as shown in FIG. 2 was used). The results are shown in Table 2.

Example 4
33.45 kg of palm palm empty fruit bunches (seed content: 3.6% by mass in dry mass) were used as the fibrous biomass material, and the amount of pulverized palm palm empty fruit bunches shown in Table 1 in 6 times The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that it was added separately. The results are shown in Table 1.

  From the results shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that by using a seed separator as shown in FIG. 1, the seed content in the fibrous biomass material can be reduced, and a fibrous biomass-rich component can be easily obtained. When the results of Example 1 and Example 2 were compared, it was found that when the seed content in the palm palm empty fruit bunch is high, fibrous biomass is mixed into the seed-rich content, and the yield may be reduced. Furthermore, comparing the results of Example 2 with the results of Examples 3 and 4, even when the seed content in the palm palm empty fruit bunches is high, by providing a stopper in the seed separator, fibrous biomass It was confirmed that the yield can be improved by solving the entanglement of

(Examples 5 to 8)
Palm fiber empty fruit bunches (seed content: 3.8% by dry mass, initial oil content: 4.0% by dry mass, initial mass: 2 tons) are accumulated in the storage yard as a fibrous biomass material. And stored. By supplying air during storage in the storage yard, at least a part of the oil contained in the palm palm empty fruit bunch was decomposed. During storage, on the third day, the fourth day, the fifth day, and the seventh day, the palm palm empty fruit bunch was sampled from the inside of the accumulation, and only the fibrous biomass was taken out and pulverized to obtain a pulverized product. The oil content contained in the pulverized product was determined in accordance with the method for measuring the hexane extract material of JIS K0102: 2013. In addition, after 7 days have passed, the palm palm empty fruit bunches are sampled from the inside of the accumulation, and once separated into seeds and fibrous biomass, the seeds and fibrous biomass are mixed again. Samples of 7.5 mass% (Example 6), 5.0 mass% (Example 7), and 2.5 mass% (Example 8) were each prepared in an amount of 500 kg. Each obtained sample was pulverized to obtain a pulverized product. The oil content contained in the obtained pulverized product was measured. The results showing the relationship between the storage days and the oil content in the pulverized product are shown in Table 2 and FIG.

Example 9
The palm palm empty fruit bunches were accumulated in the storage yard in the same manner as in Example 5, and at least part of the oil contained in the palm palm empty fruit bunches was decomposed by storing for 7 days while supplying air during storage. After 7 days, the palm palm empty fruit bunches were sampled from the inside of the accumulation, and once separated into seeds and fibrous biomass. The seeds once separated and the fibrous biomass were mixed again to adjust the seed content, the obtained sample was pulverized, the pulverized product was obtained, and the oil content was determined. The pulverized product in which the content of oil contained in the pulverized product was 3.9% by mass, 3.6% by mass, 2.2% by mass, 2.1% by mass, and 1.8% by mass in terms of dry mass. A molded body was obtained by selecting and extruding each. The density of the obtained molded body was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the oil content in the pulverized product and the density of the molded body. From the results shown in Table 3 and FIG. 8, it was confirmed that the density of the resulting molded body could be improved by reducing the oil content in the pulverized product. Therefore, by improving the density of the resulting molded body by preparing a fibrous biomass-rich component with a reduced seed content using a seed separator and further reducing the oil content contained in the fibrous biomass-rich component Can do. Moreover, since a high-density molded object can be obtained, the carbide | carbonized_material which has sufficient intensity | strength can also be obtained using this molded object.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 ... Gas introduction pipe, 4 ... Concave part, 6 ... Solid substance, 10 ... Container, 11 ... Stopper, 12 ... Supply port, 14 ... First discharge part, 15 ... Opening part, 16 ... Second discharge part, 20 ... Supply Pipe 30, take-out pipe 31, raw material storage section 32, dice 33, screw 34, heater 34, raw material supply port 36, resistance section 50, floor 100, 102 seed separator 300, Screw type extrusion molding machine, 321 ... cavity, 331 ... first screw, 332 ... second screw.

Claims (10)

It has a supply port for supplying a fibrous biomass material including seeds and fibrous biomass and a gas accompanying the fibrous biomass material upward, and a difference in terminal speed between the seed and the fibrous biomass is determined. A container that is separated into a fibrous biomass-rich component and a seed-rich component,
A first discharge unit that is provided at an upper portion of the container and discharges the fibrous biomass-rich component from the container;
A seed separation device, comprising: a second discharge unit that is provided at a lower portion of the container and discharges the seed rich component from the container.   The seed separation device according to claim 1, wherein the container has a stopper provided on the inner wall of the container below the supply port.   The seed separation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the container has an opening for taking in outside air.   The seed supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the supply port is provided so that a swirling flow is generated in the container.   The seed separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a cross-sectional area in a horizontal direction of the container at an upper end of the supply port is larger than an area of the supply port. Separating a fibrous biomass material containing seeds and fibrous biomass into a fibrous biomass-rich component and a seed-rich component using a difference in terminal speed between the seed and the fibrous biomass;
Crushing the fibrous biomass-rich component to obtain a pulverized product; and
A method for producing a molded body, comprising the step of extruding the pulverized product to obtain a molded body.   Included in the fibrous biomass in the fibrous biomass material by blowing oxygen-containing gas into the accumulation from the gas supply means located below the accumulated material into the accumulated material of the fibrous biomass material The manufacturing method of the molded object of Claim 6 which further has the process of decomposing | disassembling at least one part of oil.   At least one oil component contained in the fibrous biomass-rich component by blowing oxygen-containing gas into the accumulation from the gas supply means located below the integrated product into the aggregate of the fibrous biomass-rich component. The manufacturing method of the molded object of Claim 6 or 7 which further has the process of disassembling a part.   The manufacturing method of the molded object as described in any one of Claims 6-8 whose oil content contained in the said ground material is 2.5 mass% or less by dry mass on the basis of the total mass of the said ground material.   The manufacturing method of the carbide | carbonized_material which has the process of carbonizing the molded object manufactured by the manufacturing method of the molded object as described in any one of Claims 6-9, and obtaining a carbide | carbonized_material.

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