JP2019149891A - Hybrid magnetic field type double gap synchronous machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine capable of expanding an output range. In a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine, a rotor is provided between a first stator and a second stator. The first stator has a field winding and a plurality of field pole forming portions arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor. Each of the plurality of field pole forming portions has a permanent magnet and a polar tooth in which a magnetic pole is formed by energizing the field winding. In each of the plurality of field pole forming portions, the magnetic poles of the polar teeth face the rotor, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets face the rotor at positions deviated from the positions of the polar teeth. A field magnetic pole is formed in each of the plurality of field pole forming portions by the magnetic poles of the polar teeth and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a hybrid field double gap synchronous machine in which a rotor is provided between a first stator and a second stator.

  Conventionally, a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine in which a rotor is provided between a first stator having a field winding and a permanent magnet and a second stator having a three-phase armature winding It has been known. In the first stator, two annular permanent magnets along the field winding are arranged inside and outside the one annular field winding (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2009-89580 A

  In the conventional hybrid field double gap synchronous machine described in Patent Document 1, since the permanent magnet is arranged on the path of the magnetic flux generated by the field winding, the magnetomotive force of the field winding and the permanent magnet Are in series in the magnetic circuit. Thus, when the magnetomotive force of the field winding and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are in series, the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet is low, so even if the current of the field winding is adjusted, the field winding It is difficult to expand the increase / decrease range of the field magnetic flux created by the wire and the permanent magnet. As a result, there is a problem that the output range is limited in the constant output operation when the synchronous machine is used as an electric motor. In addition, there is a problem that the output range is limited in constant voltage operation when the synchronous machine is used as a generator.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine capable of expanding the output range.

  A hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine according to the present invention includes a first stator, a second stator facing the first stator, and between the first stator and the second stator. And a rotor provided in the housing. The first stator has a field winding and a plurality of field pole forming portions arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The second stator has an armature winding. Each of the plurality of field pole forming portions has a permanent magnet and pole teeth in which a magnetic pole is formed by energizing the field winding. In each of the plurality of field magnetic pole forming portions, the magnetic pole of the pole teeth faces the rotor, and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet faces the rotor at a position deviating from the position of the pole teeth. In each of the plurality of field magnetic pole forming portions, a field magnetic pole is formed by the magnetic pole of the pole teeth and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet.

  According to the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine of the present invention, the magnetic flux by the field winding and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet pass through different magnetic paths. Therefore, the magnetomotive force of the field winding and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet can be paralleled in the magnetic circuit, and the magnetomotive force of the field winding can be increased or decreased regardless of the permeability of the permanent magnet. Thereby, the increase / decrease range of the field magnetic flux of a 1st stator can be expanded, and the output range of a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine can be expanded.

It is a perspective view which shows the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine by Embodiment 1 for implementing this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a first stator of FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows the whole system including the drive circuit which supplies electric power to the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine of FIG. It is a partial circuit diagram which shows the magnetic circuit in the 1st stator of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine by Embodiment 2 for implementing this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the 1st stator of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine by Embodiment 3 for implementing this invention. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the first stator of FIG. 9. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the second stator of FIG. 9. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the rotor of FIG. 9. It is a perspective view which shows the 1st stator of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine by Embodiment 4 for implementing this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine according to Embodiment 1 for carrying out the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the first stator of FIG.

  The hybrid field double gap synchronous machine 1 includes a first stator 10, a second stator 20, and a rotor 30. The second stator 20 faces the first stator 10 in the axial direction of the rotor 30. The rotor 30 is provided between the first stator 10 and the second stator 20. Thereby, the rotor 30 is opposed to each of the first stator 10 and the second stator 20 in the axial direction of the rotor 30. Each shape of the 1st stator 10, the 2nd stator 20, and the rotor 30 is a cylindrical shape. In addition, a gap is provided between the first stator 10 and the rotor 30. A gap is provided between the rotor 30 and the second stator 20. Thereby, the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1 by Embodiment 1 is an axial gap type synchronous machine. The rotor 30 is fixed to a rotating shaft (not shown). The rotating shaft is rotatably supported by a housing (not shown). The rotor 30 is disposed coaxially with the rotation axis.

  The first stator 10 includes a first stator core 100, a plurality of field windings 120, a plurality of permanent magnets 130, and a first stator end plate 140. The first stator core 100 is composed of a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates. The plurality of electromagnetic steel plates constituting the first stator core 100 are stacked in the radial direction of the rotor 30. The first stator end plate 140 is integrated with the first stator core 100. Further, the first stator end plate 140 is disposed on the opposite side of the first stator core 100 from the rotor 30 side.

  The first stator core 100 has a first stator core base 110, a plurality of first teeth 111, and a plurality of second teeth 112. The shape of the first stator core base 110 is a disk shape. In this example, the first stator core base 110, the first teeth 111, and the second teeth 112 are composed of a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates stacked in the radial direction of the rotor 30. However, the first stator core base 110 may be composed of a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates stacked in the axial direction of the rotor 30.

  The first teeth 111 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. Each first tooth 111 protrudes from the first stator core base 110 toward the rotor 30 in the axial direction of the rotor 30. In this example, twelve first teeth 111 protrude from the first stator core base 110. Each first tooth 111 constitutes an extreme tooth.

  The second teeth 112 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 in accordance with the positions of the first teeth 111. Each of the second teeth 112 is disposed on the radially inner side of the rotor 30 with respect to each of the first teeth 111. A gap is provided between each first tooth 111 and each second tooth 112. Each second tooth 112 protrudes from the first stator core base 110 toward the rotor 30 in the axial direction of the rotor 30.

  Each field winding 120 is individually wound around each first tooth 111. Each field winding 120 is wound with the axial direction of the rotor 30 as the axial direction of the winding. The winding direction of each field winding 120 when viewed from the rotor 30 is alternated in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 in the order of the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction.

  Each permanent magnet 130 is disposed on the surface of each second tooth 112 on the rotor 30 side. Accordingly, each permanent magnet 130 is disposed to face the rotor 30. Each permanent magnet 130 is a neodymium magnet. In this example, twelve permanent magnets 130 are provided on the first stator core 100. The magnetic pole of each permanent magnet 130 faces the rotor 30 at a position deviated from the position of each first tooth 111. The polarities of the permanent magnets 130 facing the rotor 30 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 in the order of N pole and S pole. Each permanent magnet 130 may be a magnet of another material such as a ferrite magnet or an alnico magnet.

  The first teeth 111 and the permanent magnets 130 facing the rotor 30 and aligned in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 form field pole forming portions 190, respectively. Therefore, in the first stator 10, a plurality of field pole forming portions 190 each having the first teeth 111 and the permanent magnets 130 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. In this example, twelve field pole forming portions 190 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30.

The second stator 20 includes a second stator core 200, a plurality of armature windings 220, and a second stator end plate 240. The second stator core 200 is composed of a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates. The plurality of electromagnetic steel plates constituting the second stator core 200 are stacked in the radial direction of the rotor 30. The second stator end plate 240 is integrated with the second stator core 200. The second stator end plate 240 is disposed on the opposite side of the second stator core 200 from the rotor 30 side.

The second stator core 200 has a second stator core base 210 and a plurality of third teeth 211. The shape of the second stator core base 210 is a disk shape. The third teeth 211 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. Each third tooth 211 protrudes toward the rotor 30 in the axial direction of the rotor 30 from the second stator core base 210. In this example, twelve third teeth 211 protrude from the second stator core base 210. In this example, the second stator core base 210 and the third teeth 211 are composed of a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates stacked in the radial direction of the rotor 30. However, the second stator core base 210 may be composed of a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates stacked in the axial direction of the rotor 30.

  Each armature winding 220 is individually wound around each third tooth 211. Each armature winding 220 is wound with the axial direction of the rotor 30 as the axial direction of the winding. The armature winding 220 is a three-phase armature winding. Therefore, each armature winding 220 is repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 in the order of the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase. In this example, after the shape of each armature winding 220 is completed by winding a conducting wire using a winding jig, each armature winding 220 is attached to each third tooth 211. In addition, you may provide each armature winding 220 in each 3rd tooth 211 by winding a conducting wire around the 3rd tooth 211 directly. For example, when the cross-sectional area of the tip portion of the third tooth 211 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the portion other than the tip portion of the third tooth 211, the armature winding 220 is wound around the third tooth 211 by winding the conductive wire directly around the third tooth 211. Can be provided.

  The rotor 30 has a flat plate shape. The rotor 30 has an annular rotor base 310 and a plurality of salient poles 311. Each salient pole 311 protrudes from the rotor base 310 toward the radially outer side of the rotor 30. The salient poles 311 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. The salient poles 311 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. In this example, each salient pole 311 is composed of a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates stacked in the radial direction of the rotor 30.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an overall system including a drive circuit for supplying power to the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine of FIG. A field current If is supplied from the DC power source 400 to the field winding 120. In the second stator 20, the armature windings 220 of each phase are connected by Y connection. An armature current is supplied from the inverter circuit 410 to the armature winding 220. A three-phase AC power supply 420 that supplies power to the inverter circuit 410 is connected to the inverter circuit 410. Note that power to the inverter circuit 410 may be supplied from a battery that is a DC power supply.

  Next, the operation of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1 will be described. Here, the operation of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1 will be described by taking an electric motor as an example. In each first tooth 111, a magnetic pole facing the rotor 30 is individually formed by energizing each field winding 120. The winding direction of each field winding 120 around each first tooth 111 is alternated in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. For this reason, the polarities of the magnetic poles of the first teeth 111 facing the rotor 30 alternate in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 in the order of the N pole and the S pole. Therefore, a field pole is formed in each field pole forming portion 190 by the magnetic pole of the first tooth 111 and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 130. In this example, 12 pole field poles are formed in the first stator 10.

  Each first tooth 111 faces the rotor 30 at a position different from each permanent magnet 130. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated in the first tooth 111 by energizing each field winding 120 passes through a magnetic path that avoids the position of each permanent magnet 130. Thereby, the magnetomotive force by each field winding 120 and the magnetomotive force of each permanent magnet 130 become parallel in the magnetic circuit. In the first stator 10, the magnetomotive force of each first tooth 111 and each of the field teeth of each field magnetic pole forming unit 190 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 in the order of N pole and S pole. The magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 130 is set.

  The 12 pole field poles formed on the first stator 10 are modulated by the 10 pole salient poles 311 of the rotor 30. As a result, eight magnetic poles are formed on the rotor 30. On the other hand, a rotating magnetic field is generated in the second stator 20 by supplying an armature current from the inverter circuit 410 to each armature winding 220. Thereby, the rotor 30 rotates. Further, the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine 1 generates torque as a synchronous machine.

  Here, the number of poles 2Pf of the field pole formed on the first stator 10 by each field pole forming portion 190 is twelve. That is, the number of pole pairs Pf of the field poles of the first stator 10 is 6. The number of poles 2 Pa of the armature magnetic pole generated in the second stator 20 by the armature winding 220 is 8. That is, the number of pole pairs Pa of the armature magnetic poles is 4. The number Pr of salient poles of the rotor 30 is 10. Therefore, in this example, the relationship of Pr = Pa + Pf is satisfied. When such a relationship is satisfied, the torque of the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine 1 can be increased.

  The direction of the field current If in which the polarity of the magnetic pole of the first tooth 111 is the same as the polarity of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 130 in the common field pole forming unit 190 is defined as a plus direction. When the rotational speed of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1 is low and a large torque is required, the N poles are generated in the first teeth 111 outside the N pole permanent magnets 130. A positive field current If is passed through the winding 120. Since the magnetomotive force of each N-pole permanent magnet 130 and the magnetomotive force of each N-pole first tooth 111 are arranged in parallel, the N-pole magnetomotive force in each field pole forming portion 190 formed by these increases. . Further, an S pole is generated in each first tooth 111 on the outer side of each S permanent magnet 130 adjacent to the rotor 30 in the circumferential direction of each N permanent magnet 130. Since the magnetomotive force of each permanent magnet 130 of S pole and the magnetomotive force of each first tooth 111 of S pole are arranged in parallel, the magnetomotive force of S pole in each field pole forming portion 190 formed by these increases. . Thus, by causing the field current If in the plus direction to flow through each field winding 120, the magnetomotive force of each first tooth 111 is increased, and the field magnetic flux generated by each field pole forming portion 190 can be increased.

  On the other hand, when the rotor 30 rotates, a back electromotive force is generated in each armature winding 220. The counter electromotive force generated in each armature winding 220 increases as the rotational speed of the rotor 30 increases. When the rotational speed of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1 is in the high speed region, the rotor until the back electromotive force generated in each armature winding 220 becomes equal to the voltage applied to the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1. When the rotational speed of 30 increases, no current can flow through each armature winding 220. As a result, the rotational speed of the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine 1 cannot be further increased. As a means for solving this, there is a means for generating a magnetic pole opposite to each permanent magnet 130 in each first tooth 111 and weakening the field magnetic flux by each field magnetic pole forming part 190.

  In this case, a negative field current If is caused to flow in each field winding 120 so that an S pole is generated in each first tooth 111 outside each N-pole permanent magnet 130. N poles are generated in the first teeth 111 outside the permanent magnets 130 of the S pole. Thereby, the magnetomotive force by each field magnetic pole formation part 190 reduces. Thus, the magnetomotive force of each field pole forming portion 190 can be freely adjusted by the field current If flowing through each field winding 120. Each field pole forming portion 190 can widely increase or decrease the field magnetic flux by increasing or decreasing the magnetomotive force of each first tooth 111.

  FIG. 5 is a partial circuit diagram showing a magnetic circuit in the first stator of FIG. In the magnetic circuit of the first stator 10, the magnetomotive force F1 of each first tooth 111 and the magnetomotive force F2 of each permanent magnet 130 are connected in parallel. The magnetic flux passing through each first tooth 111 is defined as magnetic flux Φ1, and the magnetic flux passing through each permanent magnet 130 is defined as magnetic flux Φ2. In this case, the magnetic flux Φ0 other than the portion where the first teeth 111 and the permanent magnets 130 are in parallel is Φ0 = Φ1 + Φ2.

  Therefore, by reversing the polarity of the magnetic poles of the first teeth 111, that is, by setting Φ1 <0, the magnetic flux Φ0 can be reduced from the magnetic flux Φ2. In this case, all or part of the magnetic flux Φ2 emitted from each permanent magnet 130 is directed to each first tooth 111, and thus does not interlink with the magnetic flux formed by the armature winding 220 of the second stator 20. Further, by setting Φ1 = −Φ2 and setting the magnetic flux Φ0 = 0, the magnetomotive force of each field pole forming portion 190 can be set to zero.

  The permeability of each permanent magnet 130 is smaller than the permeability of each first tooth 111. Therefore, most of the magnetic flux generated by each field winding 120 passes through each first tooth 111. Further, since each permanent magnet 130 faces the rotor 30 at a position deviated from the position of each first tooth 111, the magnetic flux Φ1 passing through each first tooth 111 does not pass through each permanent magnet 130. Each magnetic flux Φ1 is not affected by the magnetic gap corresponding to the thickness of each permanent magnet 130. Thereby, each field winding 120 can efficiently generate the magnetic flux Φ1 passing through the first teeth 111.

  According to such a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1, in each of the plurality of field pole forming portions 190, the magnetic pole of the first tooth 111 faces the rotor 30 and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 130 is the first. It faces the rotor 30 at a position deviated from the position of the teeth 111. In each of the plurality of field pole forming portions 190, a field pole is formed by the magnetic pole of the first tooth 111 and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 130.

  Therefore, the magnetic flux by the field winding 120 and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 130 can be passed through separate magnetic paths. That is, the magnetomotive force of the field winding 120 and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 130 can be paralleled in the magnetic circuit. Thereby, the magnetic flux by the field winding 120 can be passed while avoiding the position of the permanent magnet 130, and the field magnetic flux can be widely increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the magnetomotive force by the field winding 120. Therefore, the increase / decrease range of the field magnetic flux of the 1st stator 10 can be expanded, and the output range of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1 can be expanded.

  Further, the relationship of Pr = Pa + Pf is satisfied. Thereby, the torque of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1 can be increased.

  Each field winding 120 is individually wound around each first tooth 111. Thereby, the magnetic flux of each 1st teeth 111 can be generated efficiently.

  Further, according to the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine 1, each of the first stator 10 and the second stator 20 faces the rotor 30 in the axial direction of the rotor 30. Thereby, the operation | work which winds each field winding 120 to each 1st teeth 111 directly can be performed easily. Alternatively, after each field winding 120 is formed as a coil, it can be easily fitted into each first tooth 111. Further, as a shape of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 1, a flat hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine can be manufactured.

  When the first teeth 111 and the permanent magnets 130 are in series in the magnetic circuit, the following problem occurs. When the magnetic flux of the field pole is reduced by each field winding 120, the magnetic flux from each field winding 120 passes through each permanent magnet 130 in the direction opposite to the magnetic pole of each permanent magnet 130. Therefore, the risk that each permanent magnet 130 is permanently demagnetized increases. According to the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine 1, the first teeth 111 and the permanent magnets 130 are arranged in parallel in the magnetic circuit. Therefore, the magnetic flux in the reverse direction by each field winding 120 does not pass through each permanent magnet 130. Thereby, the risk that each permanent magnet 130 is permanently demagnetized is reduced.

  In the above example, the relationship Pr = Pa + Pf is satisfied. However, even when the relationship of Pr = | Pa−Pf | is satisfied, the torque of the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine 1 can be increased similarly.

  In the above example, the first stator core 100 and the second stator core 200 are each formed of a laminated iron core. However, you may form the 1st stator core 100 and the 2nd stator core 200 with a powder magnetic core. In this case, the first stator end plate 140 and the second stator end plate 240 are not necessary. Further, the rotor 30 may be formed of a dust core.

  In the above example, each first tooth 111 around which each field winding 120 is wound is disposed on the outer side in the radial direction of the rotor 30 than each permanent magnet 130 and each second tooth 112. However, each permanent magnet 130 and each second tooth 112 may be disposed radially outward from each field winding 120 and each first tooth 111. Alternatively, the field windings 120 may be wound by bringing the side surfaces of the first teeth 111 and the side surfaces of the second teeth 112 into contact with each other and integrating the first teeth 111 and the second teeth 112 together. As a result, the magnetic flux generated in each second tooth 112 by each field winding 120 can flow into each first tooth 111.

  In the above example, the case where each field winding 120 and each armature winding 220 are concentrated windings has been described. However, each of these windings may be a distributed winding. Each of these windings may be a combination of concentrated winding and distributed winding. Further, one of the field winding 120 and the armature winding 220 may be disposed at an inner position in the radial direction of the rotor 30 than the other.

  In the above example, the configuration in which (Pa + Pf) salient poles 311 protrude from the annular rotor base 310 radially outward in the rotor 30 has been described. However, the rotor 30 only needs to have (Pa + Pf) salient poles magnetically. That is, the form of the rotor 30 may be any form as long as it is a reluctance type rotor. For example, a (Pa + Pf) set of flux barriers may be provided on a cylindrical rotor.

  Furthermore, in the above example, 2Pa is 8, 2Pf is 12, and Pa + Pf is 10. However, Pa and Pf may be in any combination as long as Pa ≠ Pf and | Pa−Pf | ≠ 1. The reason for Pa ≠ Pf is to prevent the field winding 120 and the armature winding 220 from being transformer-coupled. Also, the reason for | Pa−Pf | ≠ 1 is that the magnetic attraction force acting between the first stator 10 and the rotor 30 and the magnetic force acting between the second stator 20 and the rotor 30. This is because the suction forces are balanced to prevent the generation of abnormal vibration or noise with respect to the rotating shaft. However, | Pa−Pf | ≠ 1 is not necessarily required for applications where there is no problem even if the characteristics deteriorate due to these effects.

  In the above example, the number of slots for each pole and each phase in the second stator 20 is ½. However, the second stator 20 may use any slot combination.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine in Embodiment 2 is demonstrated using FIGS. 6-8. FIG. In the second embodiment, the number of field windings and the arrangement of each permanent magnet in the first stator are different from those in the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine according to Embodiment 2 for carrying out the present invention. FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing the hybrid field double gap synchronous machine of FIG. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the first stator of FIG.

  The hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 2 includes a first stator 11, a second stator 20, and a rotor 30. The second stator 20 faces the first stator 11 in the axial direction of the rotor 30. The rotor 30 is provided between the first stator 11 and the second stator 20. Thereby, the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 2 by Embodiment 2 is an axial gap type synchronous machine.

  The first stator 11 has a first stator core 100, one field winding 121, a plurality of permanent magnets 131, a plurality of permanent magnets 132, and a first stator end plate 140. ing. The first stator core 100 has a first stator core base 110, a plurality of first teeth 111, and a plurality of second teeth 112.

  Each permanent magnet 131 is disposed on each first tooth 111 so as to be skipped by one in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. Further, each permanent magnet 132 is disposed on each second tooth 112 so as to be skipped by one in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. In this case, with respect to each first tooth 111 on which the permanent magnet 131 is disposed, the permanent magnet 132 is not disposed on each second tooth 112 on the radially inner side of the rotor 30. That is, each permanent magnet 132 is arranged with respect to each permanent magnet 131 by one of the first teeth 111 or the second teeth 112 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30. The polarities of the permanent magnets 131 facing the rotor 30 are N poles. The polarities of the permanent magnets 132 facing the rotor 30 are the S poles. That is, the polarity of the magnetic pole of each permanent magnet 131 facing the rotor 30 and the polarity of the magnetic pole of each permanent magnet 132 facing the rotor 30 are alternately in the circumferential direction of the rotor 30 in the order of N pole and S pole. Has been placed. The arrangement of each permanent magnet 131 and the arrangement of each permanent magnet 132 are the same, the polarity of the magnetic pole of each permanent magnet 131 facing the rotor 30 is the S pole, and each permanent magnet 132 facing the rotor 30 is the same. The polarity of the magnetic pole may be N.

  The height of each first tooth 111 on which each permanent magnet 131 is arranged is lower than the height of the first tooth 111 on which no permanent magnet 131 is arranged by the thickness of each permanent magnet 131. In addition, the height of each second tooth 112 where each permanent magnet 132 is arranged is lower than the height of the second tooth 112 where no permanent magnet 132 is arranged by the thickness of each permanent magnet 132. Therefore, the heights of the permanent magnets 131, the first teeth 111 where the permanent magnets 131 are not disposed, the permanent magnets 132, and the second teeth 112 where the permanent magnets 132 are not disposed are all equal. Thereby, the gap between each permanent magnet 131 and the rotor 30, the gap between each first tooth 111 and the rotor 30 where the permanent magnet 131 is not disposed, the gap between each permanent magnet 132 and the rotor 30, and the permanent All the gaps between the second teeth 112 where the magnet 132 is not disposed and the rotor 30 are equal.

  The field winding 121 is disposed on the radially inner side of the rotor 30 with respect to the first teeth 111. Further, the field winding 121 is disposed on the outer side in the radial direction of the rotor 30 than the second teeth 112. Thereby, the field winding 121 is arranged between each first tooth 111 and each second tooth 112. Further, the field winding 121 is arranged in an annular shape around the axis of the first stator 10. The field winding 121 does not pass between the first teeth 111. Therefore, compared with Embodiment 1, the space | interval of each 1st teeth 111 can be shortened. The cross-sectional area of each first tooth 111 when viewed from the rotor 30 can be increased. Thereby, the generation range of the magnetic flux by each 1st teeth 111 can be expanded, and the output range of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 2 can further be expanded.

  When the field current If is passed through the field winding 121, a magnetic flux is generated around the field winding 121. The magnetic permeability of each permanent magnet 131 and the magnetic permeability of each permanent magnet 132 is about 1.05, which is smaller than the magnetic permeability of each first tooth 111 and the magnetic permeability of each second tooth 112. Therefore, the magnetic flux by the field winding 121 passes through each first tooth 111 on which the permanent magnet 131 is not disposed in preference to each first tooth 111 on which each permanent magnet 131 is disposed. The magnetic flux generated by the field winding 121 passes through each second tooth 112 on which the permanent magnet 132 is not disposed in preference to each second tooth 112 on which the permanent magnet 132 is disposed. Therefore, a magnetic pole is formed in each first tooth 111 where the permanent magnet 131 is not disposed. Each permanent magnet 132 is disposed on each second tooth 112 located radially inside the rotor 30 with respect to each first tooth 111 on which the permanent magnet 131 is not disposed. As a result, the first teeth 111 and the permanent magnets 132 that are aligned in the radial direction of the rotor 30 form a field pole forming portion 190 that forms a field pole.

  Similarly, magnetic poles are respectively formed on the second teeth 112 where the permanent magnets 132 are not disposed. Each permanent magnet 131 is disposed on each first tooth 111 that is located radially outward of the rotor 30 with respect to each second tooth 112 on which the permanent magnet 132 is not disposed. Thereby, the 2nd teeth 112 and the permanent magnet 131 which were aligned by the radial direction of the rotor 30 form the field pole formation part 190 which forms a field pole, respectively. Here, each 1st teeth 111 in which the permanent magnet 131 is not arrange | positioned, and each 2nd teeth 112 in which the permanent magnet 132 is not arrange | positioned comprise polar teeth.

  When the counter-clockwise field current If flows through the field winding 121 as viewed from the rotor 30 side, the polarities of the magnetic poles of the first teeth 111 facing the rotor 30 are all S poles. Become. Therefore, a large magnetomotive force having an S pole is generated in each first tooth 111 where the permanent magnet 131 is not disposed. The polarity of the magnetic poles of each permanent magnet 132 facing the rotor 30 is also the S pole. As a result, in the field pole forming portion 190 including the permanent magnets 132 of the S pole and the first teeth 111 of the S pole, the field magnetic flux of the S pole can be increased. Therefore, in this example, when the counter current field current If flows through the field winding 121 as viewed from the rotor 30 side, the direction is positive.

  The polarities of the magnetic poles of the second teeth 112 facing the rotor 30 are all N poles. A large magnetomotive force of N pole is generated in each second tooth 112 where the permanent magnet 132 is not disposed. The polarities of the permanent magnets 131 facing the rotor 30 are also N poles. Thereby, in each field magnetic pole formation part 190 which consists of each permanent magnet 131 of N pole, and each 2nd teeth 112 of N pole, N pole field magnetic flux can be increased. Thereby, when the field current If is caused to flow in the plus direction of the field winding 121, the field magnetic flux generated by the field pole forming portion 190 can be increased.

  Further, when the field current If flows in the negative direction, the polarity of the magnetic poles of the first teeth 111 facing the rotor 30 is the N pole. The S-pole permanent magnets 132 are arranged on the second teeth 112 located on the radially inner side of the rotor 30 with respect to the first teeth 111 where the permanent magnets 131 are not arranged. Therefore, each field magnetic pole forming unit 190 has the first teeth 111 of N poles and the permanent magnets 132 of S poles as viewed from the rotor 30 side. Thereby, the magnetomotive force of each permanent magnet 132 is reduced by the magnetomotive force of each first tooth 111. The same applies to the combination of the second teeth 112 of the S pole and the permanent magnets 131 of the N pole. As a result, when the field current If flows in the negative direction of the field winding 121, the field magnetic flux generated by the field pole forming portion 190 can be reduced. Furthermore, the magnetomotive force of each field pole forming portion 190 can be made zero by adjusting the field current If. Thereby, the magnetomotive force of each field magnetic pole formation part 190 can be adjusted with the field current If, and field magnetic flux can be increased / decreased widely.

  In such a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 2, the first stator 11 has one field winding 121. Each first tooth 111 and each second tooth 112 are respectively formed with magnetic poles by energizing one field winding 121. Thereby, the manufacturing process of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 2 can be reduced. Moreover, since the area of each 1st teeth 111 when it sees from the rotor 30 can be enlarged, the output range of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 2 can further be expanded.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
Next, the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine in Embodiment 3 is demonstrated using FIGS. 9-12. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine according to Embodiment 3 for carrying out the present invention.

  The hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 3 includes a first stator 12, a second stator 22, and a rotor 32. The second stator 22 faces the first stator 12 in the radial direction of the rotor 32. The rotor 32 is provided between the first stator 12 and the second stator 22. The shapes of the first stator 12, the second stator 22, and the rotor 32 are each cylindrical. In addition, a gap is provided between the first stator 12 and the rotor 32. A gap is provided between the rotor 32 and the second stator 22. Thereby, the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 3 by Embodiment 3 is a radial gap type synchronous machine. The rotor 32 is fixed to a rotating shaft (not shown). The rotating shaft is rotatably supported by a housing (not shown). The rotor 32 is disposed coaxially with the rotation axis.

  FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the first stator of FIG. The first stator 12 has a first stator core 101, a plurality of field windings 122, and a plurality of permanent magnets 133. The first stator core 101 has a first stator core base 115 and a plurality of first teeth 116. The first stator core base 115 has a cylindrical shape. The first stator core 101 has a first region 171 on one side and a second region 172 on the other side in the axial direction of the rotor 32 on the outer peripheral surface of the first stator core base 115. Have.

  In the first region 171, the permanent magnets 133 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32. Each permanent magnet 133 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The polarities of the permanent magnets 133 facing the rotor 32 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32 in the order of N pole and S pole. In this example, twelve permanent magnets 133 are arranged in the first region 171.

  In the second region 172, the first teeth 116 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32 according to the positions of the permanent magnets 133. The first teeth 116 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the permanent magnets 133 and the rotor 32. Each first tooth 116 protrudes from the first stator core base 115 toward the radially outer side of the rotor 32. Each first tooth 116 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

  Each field winding 122 is individually wound around each first tooth 116. Each field winding 122 is wound with the radial direction of the rotor 32 as the axial direction of the winding. The winding direction of each field winding 122 alternates in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32 in the order of the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction when viewed from the rotor 32. Each first tooth 116 constitutes a pole tooth. Each first tooth 116 has a magnetic pole formed by energizing each field winding 122. A plurality of permanent magnets 133 may be arranged in the second region 172 and a plurality of first teeth 116 may be arranged in the first region 171.

  FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the second stator of FIG. 9. The second stator 22 has a second stator core 201 and a plurality of armature windings 221. The second stator core 201 has a second stator core base 215 and a plurality of third teeth 216. The shape of the second stator core base 215 is a cylindrical shape. Each third tooth 216 protrudes radially inward of the rotor 32 from the second stator core base 215. The shape of each third tooth 216 is a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Each armature winding 221 is individually wound around each third tooth 216. In this example, twelve third teeth 216 are provided on the second stator core base 215.

  FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the rotor of FIG. The rotor 32 has a cylindrical shape. The rotor 32 has a plurality of salient poles 312 and a plurality of resin portions 320. The plurality of salient poles 312 and the plurality of resin portions 320 are integrally formed. The salient poles 312 and the resin portions 320 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32. In this example, ten salient poles 312 and ten resin portions 320 are arranged. The salient poles 312 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32.

  Each salient pole 312 is made of a magnetic material. The resin part 320 is formed of a resin material. The resin part 320 has nonmagnetic characteristics. Therefore, when viewed magnetically, only the salient pole 312 is disposed in the space. In this example, the resin part 320 is disposed only between the salient poles 312. However, the resin part 320 may have a cylindrical shape, and the resin part 320 may partially wrap each salient pole 312 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32.

  The first teeth 116 and the permanent magnets 133 that are arranged in the axial direction of the rotor 32 form field pole forming portions 190, respectively. Each of the field pole forming portions 190 has a permanent magnet 133 and a first tooth 116 on which a magnetic pole is formed by energizing the field winding 122. Thereby, a field pole is formed in each field pole forming portion 190 by the magnetic pole of the first tooth 116 and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 133.

  In each first tooth 116 provided in accordance with the position of each N-pole permanent magnet 133, each field winding is set so that the polarity of the magnetic pole of each first tooth 116 facing the rotor 32 is N-pole. A field current If is passed through 122. In this case, in each first tooth 116 provided in accordance with the position of each permanent magnet 133 of the S pole, the polarity of the magnetic pole of each first tooth 116 facing the rotor 32 is the S pole. Thereby, the field magnetic flux of the field magnetic pole formation part 190 increases. On the other hand, when the field current If is passed through each field winding 122 in the reverse direction, the field magnetic flux of the field pole forming portion 190 decreases. Thereby, the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 3 with a wide output range can be obtained.

  According to such a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 3, each of the first stator 12 and the second stator 22 faces the rotor 32 in the radial direction of the rotor 32. Thereby, a motor having a shape elongated in the axial direction of the rotor 32 can be produced.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
Next, the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine in Embodiment 4 is demonstrated using FIG. In the fourth embodiment, the number of field windings and the arrangement of each permanent magnet in the first stator are different from those in the third embodiment. FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a first stator of a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine according to Embodiment 4 for carrying out the present invention.

  The first stator 13 includes a first stator core 101, one field winding 123, a plurality of permanent magnets 134, and a plurality of permanent magnets 135. The first stator core 101 has a first stator core base 115, a plurality of first teeth 116, and a plurality of second teeth 117. Each first tooth 116 and each second tooth 117 protrude from the first stator core base 115 toward the radially outer side of the rotor 32.

  In the first region 171, the permanent magnets 134 and the first teeth 116 are alternately arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32. Each permanent magnet 134 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The polarities of the permanent magnets 134 facing the rotor 32 are N poles. In this example, the first teeth 116 and the permanent magnets 134 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32.

  In the second region 172, the permanent magnets 135 and the second teeth 117 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32 at intervals. Each permanent magnet 135 is arranged in accordance with the position of each first tooth 116 in the axial direction of the rotor 32. A gap is provided between each permanent magnet 135 and each first tooth 116. Each second tooth 117 is arranged in accordance with the position of each permanent magnet 134 in the axial direction of the rotor 32. A gap is provided between each second tooth 117 and each permanent magnet 134. Each permanent magnet 135 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The polarity of the magnetic pole of each permanent magnet 135 facing the rotor 32 is the S pole.

  The field winding 123 is wound in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32 at the boundary between the first region 171 and the second region 172. The field winding 123 passes between each permanent magnet 134 and each second tooth 117. Further, the field winding 123 passes between each first tooth 116 and each permanent magnet 135. Each first tooth 116 and each second tooth 117 constitute a pole tooth. A magnetic pole is formed in each first tooth 116 and each second tooth 117 by energizing the field winding 123. The permanent magnet 134 and each second tooth 117 form a field pole forming portion 190. In addition, the permanent magnet 135 and each first tooth 116 form a field pole forming portion 190.

  A field current If is passed through the field winding 123 in a clockwise direction when the second region 172 is viewed from the first region 171. In this case, the polarities of the magnetic poles of the second teeth 117 facing the rotor 32 are N poles. A field pole is formed in the field pole forming part 190 by the magnetic pole of the second tooth 117 and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 134. In the field pole forming unit 190 including the N-pole permanent magnets 134 and the N-pole second teeth 117, the N-pole field magnetic flux can be increased. Moreover, the polarity of the magnetic pole of each first tooth 116 facing the rotor 32 is the S pole. A field pole is formed in the field pole forming part 190 by the magnetic pole of the first tooth 116 and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 135. In the field pole forming portion 190 including the permanent magnets 135 of the S pole and the first teeth 116 of the S pole, the field magnetic flux of the S pole can be increased. Therefore, each of the field pole forming portions 190 can increase the field magnetic flux.

  On the other hand, when the field current If is passed through the field winding 123 in the counterclockwise direction when the second region 172 is viewed from the first region 171, the field magnetic flux is reduced. Can do. Thereby, the increase / decrease range of the field magnetic flux of the 1st stator 13 can be expanded, and the output range of a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine can be expanded.

  According to such a hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing process of the hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine by the winding process of the field winding.

  1,2,3 Hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine 10, 11, 12, 13 First stator, 20, 22 Second stator, 30, 32 Rotor, 111, 116 First teeth (poles) Teeth), 112, 117 second teeth (pole teeth), 120, 121, 122, 123 field windings, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135 permanent magnets, 190 field pole forming portions, 220, 221 Armature winding, 311, 312 Salient pole.

Claims (6)

A first stator;
A second stator facing the first stator;
A rotor provided between the first stator and the second stator,
The first stator has a field winding and a plurality of field pole forming portions arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor,
The second stator has an armature winding;
Each of the plurality of field magnetic pole forming portions has a permanent magnet and a pole tooth on which a magnetic pole is formed by energizing the field winding,
In each of the plurality of field magnetic pole forming portions, the magnetic pole of the pole teeth faces the rotor, and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet faces the rotor at a position away from the position of the pole teeth,
In each of the plurality of field pole forming portions, a hybrid field double gap synchronous machine in which a field pole is formed by the magnetic pole of the pole teeth and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet. The rotor has a plurality of salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor,
In the second stator, a plurality of armature magnetic poles arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor are formed by energization of the armature winding,
2. The hybrid field according to claim 1, wherein Pr = | Pa ± Pf | is satisfied, where Pr is the number of salient poles, Pa is the number of pole pairs of the armature magnetic poles, and Pf is the number of pole pairs of the field poles. Magnetic double gap synchronous machine.   3. The hybrid field double gap synchronous machine according to claim 1, wherein the first stator includes a plurality of the field windings individually provided for each of the pole teeth. 4. The first stator has one of the field windings,
The hybrid field type double gap synchronous machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a magnetic pole is formed on each of said pole teeth by energizing said one field winding.   The hybrid field type double according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the first stator and the second stator faces the rotor in an axial direction of the rotor. Gap synchronous machine.   5. The hybrid field-type double according to claim 1, wherein each of the first stator and the second stator faces the rotor in a radial direction of the rotor. 6. Gap synchronous machine.

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