JP2019033698A - Ultrasonic irradiation apparatus and ultrasonic irradiation method used for hygiene management of aquaculture equipment - Google Patents
Ultrasonic irradiation apparatus and ultrasonic irradiation method used for hygiene management of aquaculture equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】養殖設備に付着したハダムシの卵殻を破壊するための超音波照射装置および超音波照射方法を提供する。【解決手段】養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置１０Ａは、超音波発振のためのエネルギーを供給する発振装置１１と、発振装置１１に接続されたケーブル１２により、海中の所定位置に吊り下げられた超音波発振器１３とを備える。超音波発振器１３は、海中に設置された養殖網２に、周波数２０〜２８kHz、単位面積あたりの出力電力量１．３W／cm2以上の超音波を５分以上、好ましくは１０分以上照射して、養殖網２に付着した寄生虫の卵殻を破壊する。【選択図】図１PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrasonic irradiation device and an ultrasonic irradiation method for destroying eggshells of Hadamushi attached to aquaculture equipment. SOLUTION: An ultrasonic irradiation device 10A used for hygiene management of a culture facility is suspended at a predetermined position in the sea by an oscillating device 11 that supplies energy for ultrasonic oscillation and a cable 12 connected to the oscillating device 11. It is equipped with a lowered ultrasonic oscillator 13. The ultrasonic oscillator 13 irradiates the aquaculture net 2 installed in the sea with ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 20 to 28 kHz and an output power amount of 1.3 W / cm2 or more per unit area for 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more. , Destroy the eggshell of the parasite attached to the culture net 2. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1
Description
本発明は、養殖設備に付着したハダムシの卵殻を破壊するための超音波照射装置および超音波照射方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an ultrasonic irradiation apparatus and an ultrasonic irradiation method for destroying an egg shell of a beetle adhering to an aquaculture facility.
海中に設置された生簀では、養殖魚の体表にハダムシが寄生する。ハダムシが養殖魚に寄生すると、養殖魚がハダムシを落とそうとして体を網に擦る等の挙動によって体を傷つけてしまい、養殖魚の製品価値が低下するという問題がある。 In the ginger that is installed in the sea, damselfish parasites on the surface of cultured fish. When the beetle parasitizes the cultured fish, there is a problem that the cultured fish is damaged by a behavior such as rubbing the body against the net in an attempt to remove the beetle, and the product value of the cultured fish is lowered.
生簀内のハダムシを駆除するため、過酸化水素水剤による薬浴が一般的に行われている。薬浴は、生簀中の養殖魚をビニールシート等で囲い、所定濃度の薬液中で所定時間遊泳させ、その後生簀に戻すものである。この薬浴は、養殖魚に負担がかかるとともに、作業員にとっても大変な重労働になる。特に、寄生頻度が高くなる夏場は処理回数を増やす必要があり、多くの人手と時間を要していた。 A chemical bath with a hydrogen peroxide solution is generally used to eliminate the damselfly in the ginger. In a medicinal bath, cultured fish in a ginger is surrounded by a plastic sheet or the like, and is allowed to swim in a medicinal solution of a predetermined concentration for a predetermined time, and then returned to the ginger. This medicine bath puts a burden on farmed fish and is also a heavy labor for workers. In particular, in summer when the parasitic frequency is high, it is necessary to increase the number of treatments, which requires a lot of manpower and time.
そこで、人手を要さず、また養殖魚に負担を掛けることなく、養殖魚に寄生するハダムシを除去するため、生簀内に超音波を発振する技術がある。生簀内に超音波を発振することで、超音波によって発生するキャビテーションの作用で養殖魚に寄生したハダムシを除去することができる。 Therefore, there is a technique that oscillates ultrasonic waves in the ginger in order to remove the cabbage that parasitizes the cultured fish without requiring manual labor and without placing a burden on the cultured fish. By oscillating the ultrasonic waves in the ginger, it is possible to remove the cabbage parasitized in the cultured fish by the action of cavitation generated by the ultrasonic waves.
しかし、上述した技術を用いても、養殖魚にハダムシが寄生した時点で養殖魚にダメージを与える確率は高くなるため、根本的に養殖魚にハダムシを寄生させない技術が望まれていた。ハダムシを養殖魚に寄生させないようにするためには、生簀内のハダムシの卵殻を破壊することが有用であるが、従来養殖魚に寄生したハダムシの除去に用いていた超音波等では卵殻を破壊することができないという問題があった。 However, even if the above-described technique is used, the probability of damaging the cultured fish at the time when the cultivated fish is parasitized increases. Therefore, a technique that fundamentally does not cause the cultivated fish to infest the cultivated fish has been desired. It is useful to destroy the eggshell of the beetle in the ginger in order to prevent the beetle from infesting the cultured fish. However, the ultrasonic shell that was used to remove the hadamushi that was parasitic on the cultured fish has been used to destroy the eggshell. There was a problem that could not be done.
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、養殖設備に付着したハダムシの卵殻を破壊することで養殖設備の衛生を管理するための超音波照射装置および超音波照射方法の提供を目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an ultrasonic irradiation apparatus and an ultrasonic irradiation method for managing the hygiene of an aquaculture facility by destroying an egg shell of a beetle adhering to the aquaculture facility. To do.
上記目的を達成するための本発明の養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置は、海中に設置された養殖設備に、周波数２０〜２８kHz、単位面積あたりの出力電力量１．３W／cm2以上の超音波を５分以上、好ましくは１０分以上照射して、前記養殖設備に付着した寄生虫の卵殻を破壊する超音波発振器を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus used for the hygiene management of the aquaculture equipment of the present invention is applied to the aquaculture equipment installed in the sea at a frequency of 20 to 28 kHz and an output power amount per unit area of 1.3 W / cm 2. It is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic oscillator that irradiates the above ultrasonic waves for 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more, and destroys the eggshells of the parasite adhering to the aquaculture equipment.
この超音波照射装置の前記超音波発振器には、超音波発振面の外周に、超音波発振方向に所定長の高さを有する金属製の拡散防護壁を設置してもよい。 In the ultrasonic oscillator of this ultrasonic irradiation apparatus, a metal diffusion protective wall having a predetermined height in the ultrasonic oscillation direction may be installed on the outer periphery of the ultrasonic oscillation surface.
また、この超音波照射装置は、２台の超音波発振器を備え、一方の超音波発振器は、前記養殖設備の内側から前記養殖設備に超音波を照射し、他方の超音波発振器は、前記養殖設備の外側から前記養殖設備に超音波を照射するようにしてもよい。 The ultrasonic irradiation apparatus includes two ultrasonic oscillators. One ultrasonic oscillator irradiates the aquaculture equipment with ultrasonic waves from the inside of the aquaculture equipment, and the other ultrasonic oscillator provides the aquaculture equipment. You may make it irradiate an ultrasonic wave to the said aquaculture equipment from the outer side of an installation.
また、この超音波照射装置の超音波発振器は、前記養殖設備の上端縁に沿って設置されたレール上の走行体に吊り下げられ、前記走行体の走行により移動して、前記養殖設備の異なる位置に順次超音波を照射するようにしてもよい。 Further, the ultrasonic oscillator of this ultrasonic irradiation apparatus is suspended from a traveling body on a rail installed along the upper edge of the aquaculture equipment, and moved by traveling of the traveling body, so that the aquaculture equipment is different. You may make it irradiate an ultrasonic wave sequentially to a position.
また、本発明の超音波発振方法は、海中に設置された養殖設備に、周波数２０〜２８kHz、単位面積あたりの出力電力量１．３W／cm2以上の超音波を５分以上照射して、前記養殖設備に付着した寄生虫の卵殻を破壊することを特徴とする。 The ultrasonic oscillation method of the present invention irradiates aquaculture equipment installed in the sea with ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 20 to 28 kHz and an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 or more per unit area for 5 minutes or more. The parasite eggshell adhering to the aquaculture facility is destroyed.
本発明の養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置および超音波照射方法によれば、養殖設備に付着したハダムシの卵殻を破壊することができる。 According to the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus and the ultrasonic irradiation method used for hygiene management of the aquaculture facility of the present invention, it is possible to destroy the eggshell of the beetle adhering to the aquaculture facility.
一般的に、養殖魚の寄生虫であるハダムシは、海中でカキ殻やフジツボ等が付着した養殖網等に卵を産み付ける。そして、卵の繊毛がカキ殻やフジツボに絡み付いて、卵が孵化する。 In general, damselfly, a parasite of farmed fish, lays eggs in aquaculture nets and the like with oyster shells and barnacles attached in the sea. The egg cilia entangle with the oyster shells and barnacles, and the eggs hatch.
以下、本発明の実施形態として、養殖網に産み付けられたハダムシの卵殻を、超音波を照射して破壊することで、養殖設備である生簀の衛生管理を行う場合について説明する。 Hereinafter, as an embodiment of the present invention, a case where sanitary management of a ginger serving as an aquaculture facility is performed by irradiating an egg shell of a beetle laid on an aquaculture net with ultrasonic waves will be described.
《第１実施形態》
本発明の第１実施形態による超音波照射装置１０Ａは、図１に示すように、海中に生簀１を設けるために設置された養殖網２への超音波照射を行う。本実施形態による超音波照射装置１０Ａは、超音波発振のためのエネルギーを供給する発振装置１１と、発振装置１１に接続されたケーブル１２により海中に吊り下げられた超音波発振器１３とを備える。超音波発振器１３は、例えば縦30cm×横20cm程度の超音波発振面１３ａを有する箱体で構成され、内部に複数の振動子１３１を有している。これらの振動子１３１は、発振装置１１から供給されるエネルギーにより、超音波発振面１３ａから海中に超音波を発振する。超音波発振器１３は、超音波発振面１３ａが養殖網２に向かうように、生簀１外側の養殖網２近傍位置に吊り下げられる。
<< First Embodiment >>
As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10 </ b> A according to the first embodiment of the present invention performs ultrasonic irradiation on an aquaculture net 2 installed to provide a ginger 1 in the sea. The ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10 </ b> A according to this embodiment includes an oscillation device 11 that supplies energy for ultrasonic oscillation, and an ultrasonic oscillator 13 that is suspended in the sea by a cable 12 connected to the oscillation device 11. The ultrasonic oscillator 13 is composed of a box having an ultrasonic oscillation surface 13a of about 30 cm long × 20 cm wide, for example, and has a plurality of vibrators 131 inside. These vibrators 131 oscillate ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic oscillation surface 13 a into the sea by the energy supplied from the oscillation device 11. The ultrasonic oscillator 13 is suspended at a position near the aquaculture net 2 on the outside of the ginger 1 such that the ultrasonic oscillation surface 13 a faces the aquaculture net 2.
超音波発振器１３は、周波数が２０〜２８kHz、超音波発振面１３ａの単位面積あたりの出力電力量が１．３W／cm2以上の超音波を、５分以上、好ましくは１０分以上、養殖網２の所定箇所に照射する。 The ultrasonic oscillator 13 has a frequency of 20 to 28 kHz and an ultrasonic wave whose output power per unit area of the ultrasonic oscillation surface 13a is 1.3 W / cm 2 or more for 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more. 2 is irradiated to a predetermined location.
超音波発振器１３から発振される超音波の出力電力量について説明する。本実施形態においては、超音波発振器１３は１５個の振動子１３１を有しており、各振動子１３１に対応する超音波発振面１３ａの面積は２０．２５cm2である。本実施形態では発振装置１１から超音波発振器１３に４００W以上の出力電力を供給するため、これに対応する超音波発振面１３ａの単位面積あたりの出力電力量は、下記式（１）により「１．３W／cm2以上」と算出される。 The output power amount of the ultrasonic wave oscillated from the ultrasonic oscillator 13 will be described. In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic oscillator 13 has 15 transducers 131, and the area of the ultrasonic oscillation surface 13a corresponding to each transducer 131 is 20.25 cm 2 . In the present embodiment, since the output power of 400 W or more is supplied from the oscillation device 11 to the ultrasonic oscillator 13, the output power amount per unit area of the ultrasonic oscillation surface 13a corresponding to this is expressed by “1” according to the following equation (1). .3 W / cm 2 or more ”is calculated.
［数１］
４００W／（２０．２５cm2×１５個）＝１．３W／cm2・・・（１）
以上の第１実施形態によれば、養殖網２に付着したハダムシの卵殻を効果的に破壊することで、ハダムシの孵化を防止して養殖魚への寄生を抑えることができる。
[Equation 1]
400W / (20.25cm 2 × 15 pieces) = 1.3W / cm 2 ··· ( 1)
According to the first embodiment described above, by effectively destroying the eggshell of the beetle adhering to the aquaculture net 2, hatching of the beetle can be prevented and parasitic on the cultured fish can be suppressed.
《第２実施形態》
本発明の第２実施形態による超音波照射装置１０Ｂは、超音波発振器１３の超音波発振面１３ａの外周に、図２に示すように、超音波発振方向に所定長の高さを有する金属製の拡散防護壁１３２が設置されている。拡散防護壁１３２は、例えばステンレスで形成される。これ以外の構成に関しては、第１実施形態で説明した超音波照射装置１０Ａと同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
<< Second Embodiment >>
The ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10B according to the second embodiment of the present invention is made of a metal having a predetermined length in the ultrasonic oscillation direction on the outer periphery of the ultrasonic oscillation surface 13a of the ultrasonic oscillator 13 as shown in FIG. A diffusion protective wall 132 is installed. The diffusion protective wall 132 is made of, for example, stainless steel. Since the configuration other than this is the same as that of the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10A described in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
金属製の拡散防護壁１３２が設置された超音波発振器１３を用いて、図３に示すように養殖網２に超音波を照射することにより、超音波発振器１３から発振される超音波の拡散が防止されるとともに減衰が抑えられる。これにより、効率良くハダムシの卵殻破壊処理を行うことができる。 By irradiating the aquaculture net 2 with ultrasonic waves as shown in FIG. 3 using the ultrasonic oscillator 13 provided with the metal diffusion protection wall 132, the ultrasonic waves oscillated from the ultrasonic oscillator 13 are diffused. It is prevented and attenuation is suppressed. Thereby, an egg shell destruction process of a beetle can be performed efficiently.
上述した第１実施形態および第２実施形態においては、超音波発振器１３を生簀１の外側に設置して、生簀１の外側から養殖網２に超音波を照射する場合について説明したが、生簀１の内側から養殖網２に超音波を照射するように構成してもよい。 In 1st Embodiment and 2nd Embodiment mentioned above, although the ultrasonic oscillator 13 was installed in the outer side of the ginger 1 and demonstrated the case where an ultrasonic wave was irradiated to the culture net 2 from the outer side of the ginger 1, the ginger 1 You may comprise so that an ultrasonic wave may be irradiated to the aquaculture net | network 2 from the inside.
《第３実施形態》
本発明の第３実施形態による超音波照射装置１０Ｃは、図４に示すように、第１超音波照射手段１０１および第２超音波照射手段１０２の２つの超音波照射手段を備え、養殖網２の内側と外側との両側から養殖網２対して超音波を照射する。第１超音波照射手段１０１は、発振装置１１−１と、これにケーブル１２−１を介して接続された超音波発振器１３−１とにより構成される。第２超音波照射手段１０２は、発振装置１１−２と、これにケーブル１２−２を介して接続された超音波発振器１３−２とにより構成される。第１超音波照射手段１０１および第２超音波照射手段１０２それぞれの構成は、第１実施形態で説明した超音波照射装置１０Ａまたは第２実施形態で説明した超音波照射装置１０Ｂのいずれかと同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
<< Third Embodiment >>
As shown in FIG. 4, the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10 </ b> C according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes two ultrasonic irradiation units, a first ultrasonic irradiation unit 101 and a second ultrasonic irradiation unit 102. Ultrasonic waves are applied to the aquaculture net 2 from both the inside and outside of the fish. The first ultrasonic irradiation unit 101 includes an oscillation device 11-1 and an ultrasonic oscillator 13-1 connected to the oscillation device 11-1 via a cable 12-1. The 2nd ultrasonic irradiation means 102 is comprised by the oscillator 11-2 and the ultrasonic oscillator 13-2 connected to this via the cable 12-2. The configuration of each of the first ultrasonic irradiation means 101 and the second ultrasonic irradiation means 102 is the same as that of either the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10A described in the first embodiment or the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10B described in the second embodiment. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.
第１超音波照射手段１０１の超音波発振器１３−１は、生簀１内側の養殖網２近傍位置に吊り下げられ、生簀１内側から養殖網２に超音波を照射する。第２超音波照射手段１０２の超音波発振器１３−２は、生簀１外側の養殖網２近傍位置に吊り下げられ、生簀１外側から養殖網２に超音波を照射する。 The ultrasonic oscillator 13-1 of the first ultrasonic irradiation means 101 is suspended near the aquaculture net 2 inside the ginger 1 and irradiates the aquaculture net 2 with ultrasonic waves from the ginger 1 inside. The ultrasonic oscillator 13-2 of the second ultrasonic irradiation means 102 is suspended near the aquaculture net 2 outside the ginger 1 and irradiates the aquaculture net 2 with ultrasonic waves from the ginger 1 outside.
このように、２台の超音波発振器を用いて、養殖網２の外側と内側との両側から養殖網２に超音波を照射することにより、さらに高い精度で、養殖網２に付着したハダムシの卵殻を破壊することができる。 In this way, by using two ultrasonic oscillators to irradiate the aquaculture net 2 with ultrasonic waves from both the outside and the inside of the aquaculture net 2, the beetle adhering to the aquaculture net 2 with higher accuracy can be obtained. Can destroy eggshells.
《第４実施形態》
本発明の第４実施形態による超音波照射装置１０Ｄは、図５に示すように、超音波発振器１３を、生簀１の養殖網２の上端縁に沿って設置されたレール２１上を走行する走行体２２から海中に吊り下げるように、設置する。そして、走行体２２をレール２１上で走行させることで、適宜超音波発振器１３を移動させる。
<< 4th Embodiment >>
As shown in FIG. 5, the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 10 </ b> D according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention travels the ultrasonic oscillator 13 on a rail 21 installed along the upper edge of the aquaculture net 2 of the ginger 1. It is installed so that it hangs from the body 22 into the sea. Then, the ultrasonic oscillator 13 is appropriately moved by causing the traveling body 22 to travel on the rail 21.
このように構成することで、限られた超音波発振面１３ａの面積を有する超音波発振器１３により、養殖網２の異なる位置に順次超音波を照射させることができる。走行体２２は、作業員により手動で走行させてもよいし、自動で走行するように構成してもよい。 By comprising in this way, an ultrasonic wave can be sequentially irradiated to the different position of the aquaculture net | network 2 with the ultrasonic oscillator 13 which has the area of the limited ultrasonic oscillation surface 13a. The traveling body 22 may be manually traveled by an operator, or may be configured to travel automatically.
以下に、各種条件でハダムシの卵殻に超音波を照射した実験の結果を示す。 The results of an experiment in which ultrasonic waves were applied to the egg shell of a beetle under various conditions are shown below.
［実験例１］
ガラス製の容器内にハダムシの卵殻の塊を投入したサンプルに対し、単位面積あたりの出力電力量が０．７W／cm2（２００W／（２０．２５cm2×１５個）＝０．７W／cm2）で、周波数４０kHz、７０kHz、１０４kHzの超音波をそれぞれ、１０秒、１分、５分、１０分照射した。また、単位面積あたりの出力電力量が１．３W／cm2（４００W／（２０．２５cm2×１５個）＝１．３W／cm2）で、周波数２８kHz、４０kHz、７０kHz、１０４kHzの超音波をそれぞれ、１０秒、１分、５分、１０分照射した。照射条件ごとに、３個のサンプルを用いた。表１に、照射後の卵殻の破壊状況を目視で確認した結果を示す。
[Experimental Example 1]
The output power per unit area is 0.7 W / cm 2 (200 W / (20.25 cm 2 × 15)) = 0.7 W / cm for a sample in which a lump of eggplant eggs is placed in a glass container. 2 ), ultrasonic waves with frequencies of 40 kHz, 70 kHz, and 104 kHz were irradiated for 10 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes, respectively. Further, the output power amount is 1.3 W / cm 2 per unit area (400W / (20.25cm 2 × 15 pieces) = 1.3W / cm 2), frequency 28 kHz, 40 kHz, 70 kHz, the ultrasonic 104kHz Each was irradiated for 10 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes. Three samples were used for each irradiation condition. Table 1 shows the result of visual confirmation of the destruction status of the eggshell after irradiation.
表中、○印はほとんどの卵殻の破壊が確認できた場合であり、△印は数個の卵殻の破壊が確認できたかまたは、サンプルによりばらつきがある場合であり、×印は卵殻の破壊がほとんど確認できなかった場合である。 In the table, ○ indicates that most of the eggshell has been destroyed, △ indicates that several eggshells have been confirmed or varies depending on the sample, and × indicates that eggshell has been destroyed. This is the case when almost no confirmation was made.
上記の表１のとおり、ガラス製の容器内では、出力電力量が１．３W／cm2で周波数が２８kHzの超音波を１０分照射したときにのみ一部の卵殻の破壊が確認できたが、他の条件ではすべて卵殻の破壊がほとんど確認できなかった。 As shown in Table 1 above, destruction of some eggshells was confirmed only when an ultrasonic wave with an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 and a frequency of 28 kHz was irradiated for 10 minutes in a glass container. In all other conditions, almost no destruction of the eggshell was confirmed.
図６（ａ）は、超音波照射前のサンプルの撮像情報であり、（ｂ）はガラス製の容器を用いて、出力電力量１．３W／cm2で周波数２８kHz超音波を１０秒照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報である。同様に、（ｃ）は１分照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報であり、（ｄ）は５分照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報であり、（ｅ）は１０分照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報である。図６（ｅ）で示されるサンプルにおいては、図６（ａ）の照射前の状態に比べて約２５％の卵殻の破壊が確認できた。 FIG. 6A shows imaging information of a sample before ultrasonic irradiation, and FIG. 6B shows a glass container irradiated with ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 28 kHz and an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 for 10 seconds. This is imaging information of a later sample. Similarly, (c) is imaging information of a sample after irradiation for 1 minute, (d) is imaging information of a sample after irradiation for 5 minutes, and (e) is imaging of a sample after irradiation for 10 minutes. Information. In the sample shown in FIG. 6E, about 25% of the eggshell destruction was confirmed as compared with the state before the irradiation shown in FIG.
［実験例２］
ガラス製の容器およびステンレス製の容器内にハダムシの卵殻の塊を投入したサンプルに対し、単位面積あたりの出力電力量が１．３W／cm2で、周波数２８kHzの超音波をそれぞれ、１０秒、１分、５分、１０分照射した。照射条件ごとに、３個のサンプルを用いた。表２に、照射後の卵殻の破壊状況を目視で確認した結果を示す。
[Experiment 2]
A sample in which a lump of egg shells of Hadamushi was put in a glass container and a stainless steel container, an output electric energy per unit area was 1.3 W / cm 2 and an ultrasonic wave with a frequency of 28 kHz was applied for 10 seconds, Irradiated for 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes. Three samples were used for each irradiation condition. Table 2 shows the result of visual confirmation of the destruction status of the eggshell after irradiation.
上記表２のとおり、ステンレス製の容器内では、出力電力量が１．３W／cm2で周波数が２８kHzの超音波を５分照射したときに一部の卵殻の破壊が確認できた。また、出力電力量が１．３W／cm2で周波数が２８kHzの超音波を１０分照射したときは、ほとんどの卵殻の破壊が確認できた。 As shown in Table 2 above, destruction of some eggshells was confirmed in the stainless steel container when an ultrasonic wave having an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 and a frequency of 28 kHz was irradiated for 5 minutes. Further, when the ultrasonic power having an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 and a frequency of 28 kHz was irradiated for 10 minutes, most of the eggshell was confirmed to be broken.
図７（ａ）は、超音波照射前のサンプルの撮像情報であり、（ｂ）はステンレス製の容器を用いて、出力電力量１．３W／cm2で周波数２８kHz超音波を１０秒照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報である。同様に、（ｃ）は１分照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報であり、（ｄ）は５分照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報であり、（ｅ）は１０分照射した後のサンプルの撮像情報である。これらの撮像情報から、照射の開始後に卵塊の収縮がまず起こり（図７（ｂ）、（ｃ））、その後照射時間の増加とともに卵殻の破壊が進み（図７（ｄ））、１０分照射後にはほとんどの卵殻が破壊されていることが判る（図７（ｅ））。 FIG. 7A shows imaging information of a sample before ultrasonic irradiation, and FIG. 7B shows a stainless steel container irradiated with ultrasonic waves at an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 and a frequency of 28 kHz for 10 seconds. This is imaging information of a later sample. Similarly, (c) is imaging information of a sample after irradiation for 1 minute, (d) is imaging information of a sample after irradiation for 5 minutes, and (e) is imaging of a sample after irradiation for 10 minutes. Information. From these imaging information, the egg mass contracts first after the start of irradiation (FIGS. 7 (b) and (c)), and then the destruction of the eggshell proceeds with the increase of the irradiation time (FIG. 7 (d)). Later, it can be seen that most of the eggshell has been destroyed (FIG. 7 (e)).
以上の実験結果の傾向は、超音波洗浄に関し一般的に周知されている「周波数が低い方が発生するキャビテーションの核が大きく、洗浄強度が強くなる」こと、及び「出力電力量が大きいほうがキャビテーション数が多く、洗浄強度が大きくなる」ことに合致する。 The tendency of the above experimental results is that the cavitation core generated by the lower frequency is larger and the cleaning strength is stronger, and the cavitation is larger when the output power is larger. This is consistent with the fact that the number is large and the cleaning strength is increased.
また、ガラス製容器よりもステンレス製容器を用いて行った実験のほうが、卵殻に与えるダメージが大きいことが確認された。これは、ステンレス製容器のほうが超音波の反射影響が大きく、減衰されにくいためであると推定される。 Moreover, it was confirmed that the experiment conducted using the stainless steel container was more damaging to the eggshell than the glass container. This is presumably because the stainless steel container is more susceptible to ultrasonic reflection and is not easily attenuated.
上述した実験結果から、ハダムシの卵殻の破壊は、出力電力量が１．３W／cm2以上であり、且つ超音波の最低周波数である２０kHzから、今回の実験で効果が見いだされた周波数２８kHzの範囲の周波数の超音波を、５分以上、好ましくは１０分以上照射することで効果が得られることが明らかになった。 From the experimental results described above, the destruction of the egg shell of the beetle has an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 or more, and the frequency of 28 kHz that has been found to be effective in this experiment from the lowest ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz. It was revealed that an effect can be obtained by irradiating ultrasonic waves having a frequency in the range for 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more.
また、超音波発振器１３に設置する拡散防護壁１３２は、金属製とすることで、超音波の減衰が防止され、より確実に効果が得られることが明らかになった。 Further, it has been clarified that the diffusion protective wall 132 installed in the ultrasonic oscillator 13 is made of metal, so that attenuation of ultrasonic waves is prevented and the effect can be obtained more reliably.
１…生簀
２…養殖網
１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，１０Ｃ，１０Ｄ…超音波照射装置
１１，１１−１，１１−２…発振装置
１２，１２−１，１２−２…ケーブル
１３…超音波発振器
１３ａ…超音波発振面
２１…レール
２２…走行体
１０１…第１超音波照射手段
１０２…第２超音波照射手段
１３１…振動子
１３２…拡散防護壁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Ginger 2 ... Aquaculture net | network 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D ... Ultrasonic irradiation apparatus 11, 11-1, 11-2 ... Oscillator 12, 12-1, 12-2 ... Cable 13 ... Ultrasonic oscillator 13a ... Ultra Sound wave oscillating surface 21 ... Rail 22 ... Traveling body 101 ... First ultrasonic wave irradiation means 102 ... Second ultrasonic wave irradiation means 131 ... Vibrator 132 ... Diffusion protection wall
Claims (7)
ことを特徴とする養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置。 Irradiating the aquaculture equipment installed in the sea with ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20 to 28 kHz and an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 or more per unit area for 5 minutes or more, the parasite eggshell attached to the aquaculture equipment An ultrasonic irradiation device used for hygiene management of aquaculture equipment, comprising an ultrasonic oscillator for destruction.
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置。 The ultrasonic generator irradiates the aquaculture equipment with ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 20 to 28 kHz and an output power of 1.3 W / cm 2 or more per unit area for 10 minutes or more. Ultrasonic irradiation device used for hygiene management of aquaculture equipment.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置。 The hygiene of aquaculture equipment according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a diffusion protection wall having a predetermined length in the ultrasonic oscillation direction, which is installed on the outer periphery of the ultrasonic oscillation surface of the ultrasonic oscillator. Ultrasonic irradiation device used for management.
ことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置。 The ultrasonic irradiation apparatus for use in sanitation management of aquaculture equipment according to claim 3, wherein the diffusion protection wall is made of metal.
一方の超音波発振器は、前記養殖設備の内側から前記養殖設備に超音波を照射し、他方の超音波発振器は、前記養殖設備の外側から前記養殖設備に超音波を照射する
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜４いずれか１項に記載の養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置。 With two ultrasonic oscillators,
One ultrasonic oscillator radiates ultrasonic waves to the aquaculture equipment from the inside of the aquaculture equipment, and the other ultrasonic oscillator radiates ultrasonic waves to the aquaculture equipment from the outside of the aquaculture equipment. The ultrasonic irradiation apparatus used for the hygiene management of the aquaculture facility of any one of Claims 1-4.
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜５いずれか１項に記載の養殖設備の衛生管理に用いる超音波照射装置。 The ultrasonic oscillator is suspended from a traveling body on a rail installed along an upper end edge of the aquaculture equipment, moves by traveling of the traveling body, and sequentially radiates ultrasonic waves to different positions of the aquaculture equipment. The ultrasonic irradiation apparatus used for the hygiene management of the aquaculture facility according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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