JP2019002421A - Wind lock mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To exert a seismic isolation effect more reliably and effectively than before by appropriately controlling the movement between a lower structure and an upper structure in a strong wind and canceling a movement control state in a windless state. Provides a wind locking mechanism. SOLUTION: The seismic isolation layer 3 between the upper structure T1 and the lower structure T2 is provided in parallel with the seismic isolation device 4, and the magnetic field changes in magnitude according to the magnitude of the DC current value energized in the coil, and the resistance force increases. It includes an MR resistance unit 1 that changes in magnitude, and a wind power generation unit 2 that generates electric power according to the magnitude of the wind acting on the superstructure T1 and supplies electric power according to the magnitude of the wind to the coil of the MR resistance unit 1. .. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind lock mechanism that is provided in a seismic isolation layer of a building together with a seismic isolation device and controls the displacement of the seismic isolation device in a strong wind.

  For example, if a middle- and high-rise building is subjected to a huge earthquake, the weakest layer of the building will be damaged and the proof stress will begin to decline, seismic energy (vibration energy) will concentrate on this layer, causing the layer collapse, and the other layers However, the phenomenon that the building collapses due to the layer collapse mode occurs. Even if it does not collapse, the damage of the weakest layer will be enormous, making it difficult to recover by repair.

  On the other hand, as is well known, for buildings such as office buildings, public facilities, and housing complexes, the base isolation between the upper structure and the lower structure, such as between the building body and the foundation, is made of seismic isolation such as laminated rubber. In some cases, by interposing a device, the natural period of the superstructure is shifted from the dominant period band of seismic motion to the long period side during earthquakes, and the response acceleration is reduced to suppress shaking.

  On the other hand, the seismic isolation building with the seismic isolation layer can reduce the response at the time of earthquake as the seismic isolation layer becomes extremely small and the period is long, but if the seismic isolation layer is too small ( If the seismic isolation layer is too soft, the building will be easily shaken by wind loads, such as during strong winds.

  For this reason, in normal base-isolated buildings / base-isolated designs, use of lead-plug laminated rubber seismic isolation devices or use of lead dampers and steel dampers together with natural rubber-based laminated rubber seismic isolation devices, The yield strength is made larger than the wind load acting on the seismic isolation layer to avoid shaking during strong winds.

  However, measures to increase the yield strength of the base isolation layer by using laminated rubber with lead plugs or using a damper in combination with the base isolation device naturally means increasing the equivalent rigidity of the base isolation building. Since it conflicts with the longer period, the response reduction effect at the time of earthquake will be reduced.

  Against this background, in order to prevent the base isolation layer from being deformed during strong winds (or small and medium earthquakes), and to prevent the equivalent stiffness from becoming too large and hindering the response reduction effect during a large earthquake due to a long period. The wind lock mechanism has been proposed and put into practical use.

Specifically, when a set load larger than the wind load is applied, a mechanism that tightens the lower structure and the upper structure of the base-isolated building with shear pins that break by shearing force and restrains the movement of the upper structure when wind loads are applied (by shear pins) Wind-lock mechanism), sensors that detect external forces such as wind and earthquake, and actively controlling the damping coefficient of the oil damper according to the magnitude of the external force (oil damper with active-control wind-lock mechanism), approaching typhoons / A product in which an oil damper is provided with a shear pin (lock pin) that is manually inserted and removed according to passage or the like (oil damper with a passive wind lock mechanism) has been proposed and put to practical use (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  In addition, by using the electric power generated by the wind turbine installed on the building, the steel adsorption plate is pulled up by the electromagnet and integrated by adsorption, and the annular reinforcing steel plate of the locking hole provided in the lower structure and the steel adsorption plate come into contact with each other. Thus, there is a configuration in which the upper structure to be seismically isolated is locked (moved and restrained) during wind load (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  Furthermore, a damper having a variable resistance using an MR fluid (magnetorheological fluid) has been put into practical use (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). This is a device that uses the characteristics of MR fluid that changes its viscous resistance when a magnetic field is applied to the fluid from the outside. If the current flowing through the coil is increased, a damping force that does not depend on displacement can be applied as well as a frictional resistance force. There are features.

JP 2004-176525 A JP 2006-233701 A

Hideo Sato, Takashi Fujita: Semi-active seismic isolation structure using MR fluid damper, Production Research 67, 2005

  However, the wind lock mechanism using the shear pin (and the oil damper with the passive wind lock mechanism) has an initial rigidity that is very close to the rigidity until the lock load is reached.

  For this reason, for ground motion input accelerations such as small and medium earthquakes that operate in the range below the lock load, that is, the lock is not released, the acceleration is directly transmitted to the upper building side through the mechanism, compared with the case where there is no wind lock mechanism There was a case that increased the response. In addition, even in the event of a major earthquake, acceleration is directly transmitted in the same manner until the lock is released, so that the response tends to increase particularly on the upper floor where the apparatus is installed and the upper several layers.

  Furthermore, in the wind lock mechanism using shear pins, the load is instantaneously released when the lock is released due to the shear failure of the shear pin, so that the load is transmitted as an impact load to the superstructure side of the building, and the response acceleration is instantaneous. There is a problem of growing. There is also a problem that shear pins are very expensive.

  In an oil damper with a passive wind lock mechanism, it is necessary to install or release a shear pin (lock pin) before the wind becomes a problem, and there remains a question as to whether this work can be performed without fail.

  In the oil damper with the active control type wind lock mechanism, the wind lock function is not exhibited at all in case of failure. For this reason, from the viewpoint of long-term durability, reliability, etc. of the electrical component, it is necessary to design in a fail-safe state in which the failure occurs by assuming a failure.

  Even in a lock mechanism configured to control movement restraint with the power generated by a windmill, the adsorption power of the electromagnet is small in the amount of wind power generation when the upper structure subject to seismic isolation begins to be displaced by wind, and this mechanism It is difficult to restrain movement. Further, if the building is moved and then attracted, there is a problem that the positions of the electromagnet and the steel attracting plate are shifted.

  Further, the damper disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 using the MR fluid (magneto-viscous fluid) whose resistance force is variable has a simple structure, but the reaction force is small with respect to the dimensions of the damper. It is difficult to put it into practical use.

  In view of the above circumstances, the present invention suitably controls the movement of the lower structure and the upper structure at the time of wind load, cancels the movement control state at the time of an earthquake, and exhibits the seismic isolation effect more reliably and effectively than before. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wind lock mechanism that enables the above.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.

  The wind lock mechanism of the present invention is provided in parallel with the seismic isolation device in the seismic isolation layer between the upper structure and the lower structure, and the magnetic field changes in magnitude according to the magnitude of the direct current flowing through the coil, and the resistance force An MR resistance section that changes in size, and a wind power generation section that generates electric power according to the magnitude of wind acting on the superstructure and supplies electric power according to the magnitude of the wind to the coil of the MR resistance section. It is characterized by.

  According to the wind lock mechanism of the present invention, by providing the base isolation layer between the upper structure and the lower structure, the upper structure can be automatically restrained or released without using external power. It is possible to control the movement of the upper structure and the lower structure, and to cancel the movement control state in the event of an earthquake, so that the seismic isolation effect for the upper structure can be exhibited more reliably and effectively than before.

It is a figure which shows the wind lock mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the MR damper apparatus provided with MR resistance part of the wind lock mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the S1 part and S2 part of FIG. It is a model figure of MR damper equipment concerning one embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a figure which shows MR damper apparatus provided with MR resistance part of the wind lock mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a X1-X1 arrow directional view of (a).

  A wind lock mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  The wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment includes an MR resistance unit 1 and a wind power generation unit 2 that are magnetic field forming means, and as shown in FIG. 1, the upper structure T1 and the lower structure T2 such as between the building body and the foundation. An MR resistance portion 1 is provided in parallel with the seismic isolation device 4 such as laminated rubber in the seismic isolation layer 3 between them, and a wind power generation portion 2 is provided on the top of the upper structure T1. In addition, it is not necessary to limit the installation position of the wind power generation unit 2.

  The wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment configured as described above restrains the movement so that the seismic isolation layer 3 is not deformed by a wind load, that is, the upper structure T1 is not displaced relative to the lower structure T2 in a strong wind. On the other hand, the seismic isolation performance of the superstructure T1 by the seismic isolation device is exhibited during a large earthquake. That is, the response reduction effect of the upper structure T1 is exhibited with a long period during a large earthquake.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the MR resistance unit 1 of the wind lock mechanism A is added to a conventional viscous damper (for example, a viscous damper device such as a “damping top” using a ball screw mechanism). And MR resistance (R) is provided in parallel with the viscous damping (C) to constitute the MR damper device 5.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the MR damper device 5 of this embodiment includes a ball screw mechanism 9 including a ball screw shaft 7 and a ball nut 8 inside a casing (support frame / cylinder) 6 that forms an outer shell. The ball screw shaft 7 is supported on the casing 6 so as to be displaceable and non-rotatable in the axial direction O1 via the linear slider mechanism, and the ball nut 8 is non-displaceable and rotatable on the casing 6 in the axial direction O1. It is made to support.

  Further, one end (upper end) of the casing 6 and one end (lower end) of the ball screw shaft 7 on the other end side are respectively connected to the upper structure T1 and the lower structure T2 below with the seismic isolation layer 3 of the building interposed therebetween. The damper device 5 is installed in the seismic isolation layer 3.

  As a result, when relative displacement occurs in the upper structure T1 and the lower structure T2 in which one end of the casing 6 and one end of the ball screw shaft 7 are connected, an axial force is input to the MR damper device 5, and the ball screw shaft 7 is applied to the casing 6. In contrast, the ball nut 8 is rotated in the axial direction O1.

  In this embodiment, the axial O1 displacement is thus converted into the rotation of the ball nut 8 and transmitted to the MR resistance portion 1 of the wind lock mechanism A.

  The MR resistance unit 1, which is the main body of the wind lock mechanism A, is connected to the ball nut 8 via the inner cylindrical body 10, rotates with the ball nut 8, and the casing 6 via the outer cylindrical body 12. A fixed disk 13 connected and non-rotatably arranged coaxially with respect to the rotating disk 11, an MR fluid composite 14 sandwiched between the rotating disk 11 and the fixed disk 13, and an MR fluid A coil 12a for applying a variable magnetic field to the composite 14 is provided.

  The MR fluid composite 14 is configured by impregnating an MR fluid with a porous material such as sponge or nonwoven fabric, and can effectively prevent sedimentation of ferromagnetic particles, which is a concern when the MR fluid is used alone as hydraulic oil or the like. It is configured as follows.

  In the MR fluid composite 14, a cluster of ferromagnetic particles formed by applying a magnetic field is supported by a porous material fiber, and exhibits a higher MR effect than in the case of an MR fluid alone. Moreover, the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the MR fluid composite changes according to the magnitude of the direct current flowing through the coil 12a. That is, the shear resistance force generated in the MR fluid composite increases as the applied magnetic flux density increases.

  In the present embodiment, the MR fluid composite 14 is formed in an annular disk shape like the rotating disk 11 and the fixed disk 13, and a plurality of rotating disks 11 and the fixed disk 13 alternately stacked in the axial direction O1. The MR resistance unit 1 is configured by being sandwiched between the two.

  Note that the shear resistance force by the MR fluid composite 14 exhibits substantially the same characteristics as the friction damper, and increases with strain by elastic deformation until the MR fluid composite 14 undergoes a predetermined shear deformation. After that, slipping occurs at the interface with the fixed disk 13 and the rotating disk 11, resulting in a substantially constant hysteresis characteristic.

Here, the load F generated in the MR resistance portion 1 of the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment is the shear resistance Q of the MR fluid, the distance r from the rotation center, the resistance torque T of the ball nut portion, and the lead of the ball screw shaft. Assuming L _d and the speed increasing ratio n of the speed increasing gear, they are expressed by the following expressions (1) and (2).

  The MR resistance portion 1 of the wind lock mechanism A of this embodiment does not function as a mere damper, but adjusts the load (lock load) according to the wind speed so that the lock function against the wind of the seismic isolation building works properly. There is a need.

  In the present embodiment, when it is desired to increase the lock load, the distance r between the position where the resistance force resultant force of the MR fluid is applied and the rotation center (center of the ball screw shaft 7) is made larger than that of the conventional MR damper. Thereby, the diameter of the rotary disk 11 increases and the resistance torque T can be increased.

Moreover, when converting the resistance torque T in the axial force, inversely proportional to the lead L _d, to reduce the lead (thread spacing) L _d of the ball screw shaft 7.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a speed increasing mechanism 15 may be connected to a ball screw mechanism 9 that rotates the MR fluid. For example, if the MR fluid is rotated five times as much as the ball nut 8 using the speed increasing mechanism 15 such as a planetary gear, the resistance torque T can be increased five times. A planetary gear can be used as the speed increasing mechanism 15, the outer peripheral ring gear 16 is fixed to the casing 6, the three pinion gears 17 are disposed inscribed in the ring gear 16, and are circumscribed in the central sun gear 18. For example, the speed increasing ratio is set to 5 times.

  Furthermore, the magnetic field (magnetic flux density) acting on the MR fluid is increased by selecting the material of the MR fluid composite 14 or increasing the number of turns and current of the coil 12a.

  When such a configuration is adopted, in the MR damper device 5 (MR resistance portion 1 of the wind lock mechanism A) of the present embodiment, when the displacement x occurs in the axial direction O1, the ball nut 8 rotates and the inner cylindrical body is rotated. 10 is driven to rotate.

  Since the sun gear 18 of the speed increasing mechanism 15 is integrally connected to the inner cylindrical body 10 and the outer cylindrical body 12 and thus the stationary disk 13 is integrally connected to the casing 6, when the inner cylindrical body 10 rotates θ, the speed increasing mechanism 15, the sun gear 18 is rotated by 5θ, and the relative rotation amount between the inner cylindrical body 10, the outer cylindrical body 12 and the fixed disk 13 of the MR resistance portion 1 is also 5θ.

  Here, the wind lock damper to be commercialized will be described based on the results of studying the reaction force of the MR damper device 5 by manufacturing the small test body of Non-Patent Document 1.

  The small test body can obtain a reaction force (shear resistance) of about 20 kN at a current of 0.5 A applied to the coil 12a.

  Based on this, when the magnetic field (magnetic flux density) is made the same and the diameter of the MR resistance part 1 is doubled, the shear resistance resultant force Q is quadrupled and the distance from the rotation center is doubled. Doubled.

  The test piece was tested only for a reaction force of 30 kN or less because the rated load of the ball screw shaft 7 was 20 kN. However, if the damper resistance is increased, the magnetic force can be increased to increase the reaction force. Calculate as However, since the ball screw mechanism 9 is also enlarged, the lead 30 in the experiment is set to 50.

  By using the speed increasing mechanism 15 having a speed increasing ratio of 5 times, the torque acting on the ball screw mechanism 9 becomes 5 times the torque generated in the MR resistance section 1.

Therefore, as for the damper reaction force when the product is manufactured with a size twice that of the small test piece, the torque generated in the MR resistance portion 1 is eight times that of the test piece. Moreover, it is doubled by doubling the magnetic field. Furthermore, by increasing the lead from 30 to 50, 3/5 = 0.6 times. Further, the use of the speed increasing mechanism 15 provides a 5 times increase. Therefore, it can be seen that the sum can be 48 times (8 × 2 × 0.6 × 5). The MR fluid area is 2 ² = 4 times, the current and voltage to double the magnetic field are doubled, and the power consumption is 4 × 2 × 2 = 16 times.

  Since the reaction force of the test specimen is 20 kN, the damper reaction force when commercialized is about 960 kN (about 100 tons). Since this is the same level as a general seismic isolation oil damper, it can be said that sufficient performance can be obtained in practical use.

  On the other hand, in the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 (and FIGS. 2 to 5), power is generated by a wind power generation unit 2 (a wind power generator including a windmill 2a and the like) installed in the upper part of the building. The supplied electric power is supplied to the coil 12a of the MR resistance unit 1.

  Thereby, in the MR damper device 5 of the present embodiment, when the displacement of both ends occurs, the ball screw shaft 7 rotates, and the inner cylindrical body 10 integrated therewith rotates. When the wind power generation unit 2 is driven by a strong wind or the like and electric power is supplied to the MR resistance unit 1 from the wind power generation unit 2, a magnetic field is formed, and the viscous resistance of the MR fluid is increased to become a resistance torque, and the ball screw mechanism 9 A large axial resistance force (reaction force) acts on the.

  In addition to supplying the generated power directly to the MR resistance unit 1, the following functions may be added via a control circuit.

  A current (voltage) protection circuit is provided, and when the amount of power generation is large due to a strong wind, the power supplied to the MR resistance unit 1 is peaked. In this case, since the electric power exceeding the predetermined value is not supplied, the reaction force of the MR resistance unit 1 also reaches its peak.

  Even when the wind is small, the seismic isolation layer 3 may be displaced by the vibration of the superstructure T1 of the building. On the other hand, if it is configured to store a part of the power generation amount and continue to supply power to the MR resistance unit 1 for about 10 minutes even if the wind stops, the upper structure T1 can be obtained with a small wind (wind load). It is possible to prevent the seismic isolation layer 3 from being displaced due to the vibration of.

  In addition, since the electric power supplied with the small test body is 15 W / unit from a current of 0.5 A and a voltage of 30 V, the rated power of the commercialized damper is 16 times 15 W / unit × 16 times = 240 W / unit. If a wind power generator with a rated output of 2 kW is installed, 2000 W / 240 W / unit = 8.3 units, and power supply for eight MR dampers can be performed. Thereby, since the wind lock load in the seismic isolation layer 3 is 8 units × 960 kN = 7680 kN, it can be said that it can be sufficiently applied to a 20-story building with a plane 30 m × 30 m.

  Therefore, in the wind lock mechanism A of this embodiment, the wind lock mechanism A that prevents the wind shaking of the base-isolated building can be configured as a passive system without external power supply. Therefore, it is possible to realize a highly reliable mechanism that has no problem even during a power failure.

  Further, when the wind does not blow, power is not supplied from the wind power generation unit 2 to the MR resistance unit 1 and the reaction force of the MR resistance unit 1, that is, the lock load becomes almost zero, so that no residual displacement due to the lock mechanism occurs. In addition, since it does not break like a shear pin (shear key), it is not necessary to go to installation after an earthquake, and is basically maintenance-free.

  Furthermore, by controlling the coil current of the MR resistor 1, the wind lock load can be arbitrarily set. Accordingly, it is possible to easily set the upper limit of the lock load (locking load) by supplying power from the wind power generation unit 2 to the MR resistance unit 1 via the current control circuit.

  Further, the MR resistance portion 1 has a hysteresis characteristic similar to that of the friction damper and has a high initial rigidity when displacement is restrained, so that the vibration of the seismic isolation layer 3 during wind load can be extremely reduced.

  Further, the wind power generation unit 2 increases the power generation amount as the wind speed increases. Since this electric power is supplied to the MR resistance unit 1, the lock load increases as the wind load acting on the building increases. This makes it possible to construct a rational system.

Further, when an earthquake occurs at the time of wind lock, it functions as a friction damper in which the wind lock load is regarded as a friction resistance. In the normal design, it is not assumed that the wind and the earthquake act simultaneously, but the wind lock mechanism A according to the present invention can be handled as if a friction damper having a wind lock load is added.
In general, since the wind load for design is considerably smaller than the seismic load, there is no problem in earthquake resistance even if a wind lock is added. In addition, because the wind lock load is added, the response acceleration of the superstructure increases and the seismic isolation performance slightly deteriorates, but this is not a problem because it is a “wind and earthquake simultaneous action” that is not considered in normal design. .

  Furthermore, it has a simple configuration with little deterioration over time, and can be supplied at low cost if mass-produced.

  Moreover, the same structure as the conventional oil damper can be employ | adopted for the both-ends junction part of MR resistance part 1, and a special skill is not required for installation construction. Since the electrical work is simply connecting the wiring to the coil 12a, it can be easily performed.

  Furthermore, if the conventional viscous damper device and the MR damper part (MR resistance part 1) are integrated, the viscous damping (C) and MR resistance (R) will be in parallel, making it compact and inexpensive to manufacture. it can.

  Therefore, by providing the wind lock mechanism A of this embodiment in the seismic isolation layer between the upper structure T1 and the lower structure T2, the upper structure T1 can be automatically restrained or released without using external power. By controlling the movement of the upper structure T1 and the lower structure T2 during strong winds and canceling the movement control state when there is no wind, the seismic isolation effect for the upper structure T1 can be exhibited more reliably and effectively than before. become.

  While the embodiment of the wind lock mechanism according to the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 MR resistance part 2 Wind power generation part 3 Seismic isolation layer 4 Seismic isolation apparatus 5 MR damper apparatus 6 Casing 7 Ball screw shaft 8 Ball nut 9 Ball screw mechanism 10 Inner cylindrical body 11 Rotating disk 12 Outer cylindrical body 12a Coil 13 Fixed disk 14 MR fluid composite 15 speed increasing mechanism 16 ring gear 17 pinion gear 18 sun gear A wind lock mechanism O1 axial direction (axis)
T1 Upper structure T2 Lower structure

Claims (1)

An MR resistance portion provided in parallel with the seismic isolation device in the seismic isolation layer between the upper structure and the lower structure, the magnetic field changes in magnitude according to the magnitude of the direct current flowing through the coil, and the resistance force changes in magnitude.
A wind lock mechanism comprising: a wind power generation unit that generates electric power according to the magnitude of wind acting on the upper structure and supplies electric power according to the magnitude of the wind to a coil of the MR resistance unit.

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