JP2019000765A - Biomass processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily reduce chlorine and potassium components in a biomass material. SOLUTION: By adding water to a plant-derived biomass material and performing wet pulverization, chlorine components and potassium components contained in the biomass material are reduced. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass processing method.

  In recent years, the effective use of biomass has attracted attention as a measure to prevent global warming, and among these, the use of biomass for combustion has attracted attention. In particular, herbaceous (non-woody) biomass, which has recently been attracting attention, contains more inorganic components such as potassium and chlorine components than woody (woody) biomass, which damages the furnace during combustion. There are concerns.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a first press dehydration step in which herbaceous biomass is supplied to a filter chamber of a filter press dehydrator to compress and dehydrate, a water addition step in which water is added to dehydrated herbaceous biomass in a filter chamber, and water in a filter chamber. A pretreatment method for herbaceous biomass having a second squeezing and dehydrating step of squeezing and dewatering the herbaceous biomass again is disclosed.

JP 2012-153790 A

  By the way, oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB: Empty Fruit Bunch), which are expected as biomass for plant-derived fuels, are produced by, for example, the inner wall of a furnace such as a combustion furnace using chlorine gas generated during combustion. Corrosion or ash remaining after combustion contains a large amount of potassium, causing ash to adhere to the inner wall of the furnace, which may hinder the operation of the furnace. Here, in the pretreatment method of the herbaceous biomass of Patent Document 1, the chlorine component and the potassium component in the herbaceous biomass can be reduced, but the first press dehydration step, the hydration step, and the second press dehydration step are performed. As a result, the processing steps become complicated and there is room for improvement.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this point, The place made into the objective is to reduce easily the chlorine component and potassium component in biomass material.

  In order to achieve the above object, the method for treating biomass according to the present invention is to reduce the chlorine component and potassium component contained in the biomass material by adding water to the plant-derived biomass material and performing wet grinding. Features.

  According to the above method, since the plant-derived biomass material is hydrated and wet-pulverized, the biomass material is pulverized and the pulverized biomass material is washed with water. Thereby, since water contacts a biomass material well, a chlorine component and a potassium component can be extracted from biomass material. Here, the wet pulverization for treating the biomass material can be carried out at atmospheric pressure. For example, it is not necessary to use a special machine equipped with a pressure vessel, so the chlorine component and the potassium component in the biomass material can be easily obtained. Can be reduced.

  The wet pulverization may be performed with an extruder.

  According to the above method, since wet pulverization is performed by an extruder, chlorine components and potassium components in the biomass material can be easily reduced by a versatile wet pulverizer.

  2-8 may be sufficient as the weight ratio of the said water with respect to the said biomass material.

  According to said method, since the weight ratio of the water with respect to biomass material is 2-8, the chlorine component and potassium component in biomass material can be reduced concretely. Here, when the weight ratio of water to the biomass material is smaller than 2, since the moisture content of the biomass material due to hydration is insufficient, the biomass material idles in the barrel of the extruder and wet pulverizes the biomass material. It becomes difficult. Moreover, even if the weight ratio of the water with respect to biomass material becomes larger than eight, since the decreasing rate of the chlorine component in a biomass material and a potassium component will reach | attain, the weight ratio of the water with respect to biomass material is preferable to 8. Thereby, since a large amount of water is not required for cleaning the biomass material, it is possible to reduce the cleaning sewage generated by the processing of the biomass material. Moreover, the generated cleaning sewage can be repeatedly used for cleaning the biomass material.

  The biomass material may be an empty fruit bunch of oil palm.

  According to the above method, since the biomass material is oil palm empty fruit bunches, oil palm empty fruit bunches that are generated in large quantities after palm oil is collected can be used effectively.

  According to the present invention, the plant-derived biomass material is hydrated and wet-pulverized, so that the chlorine component and the potassium component in the biomass material can be easily reduced.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the processing method of biomass which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a table | surface which shows the experimental condition and experimental result in each Example of the processing method of the biomass which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the decreasing rate of chlorine and potassium in each Example of the processing method of biomass which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a table | surface which shows the experimental condition and experimental result in each comparative example of the processing method of biomass which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the decreasing rate of chlorine and potassium in each comparative example of the processing method of biomass concerning the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of the biomass processing method of the present embodiment.

  The biomass processing method of this embodiment reduces the chlorine component and inorganic component (for example, potassium component) which are contained in the biomass material by hydrolyzing and wet-grinding the plant-derived biomass material. Here, in the biomass processing method of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, biomass material (see “EFB” in the figure) and clean water are introduced into the material inlet of the biaxial extruder M. Thus, in the barrel of the extruder M, wet pulverization is performed in a state where the biomass material is hydrated. Thereby, in the biomass processing method of the present embodiment, the biomass material is pulverized in the barrel of the extruder M, and the pulverized biomass material is washed with clean water to contain the chlorine component contained in the biomass material. And inorganic components such as potassium components are reduced. In addition, since the mixture of the biomass material in which the chlorine component and the inorganic component are reduced and the washing sewage is discharged from the discharge port of the biaxial extruder M, the chlorine component and the inorganic component are sprinkled through the discharged mixture. Is separated into biomass material (see “Chlorine Ash Reduction EFB” in FIG. 1) and washed sewage.

  The biomass material is, for example, a biomass material derived from a woody or herbaceous plant such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), wood, bamboo, or kenaf. Here, if the weight ratio of the clean water to the biomass material when it is introduced into the biaxial extruder M is 2 to 8, the chlorine component and the inorganic component such as the potassium component contained in the biomass material are easily reduced. be able to.

  The biomass material processed by the biomass processing method of the present embodiment can be used as biomass fuel.

  Next, a specific experiment will be described. Here, FIG. 2 is a table showing experimental conditions and experimental results in each example of the biomass processing method of the present embodiment. Moreover, FIG. 3 is a graph which shows the decreasing rate of chlorine and potassium in each Example. Moreover, FIG. 4 is a table | surface which shows the experimental condition and experimental result in each comparative example of the processing method of the biomass of this embodiment. Moreover, FIG. 5 is a graph which shows the decreasing rate of chlorine and potassium in each comparative example.

  First, the biomass material used in each example and each comparative example is an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm, and has a water content of about 60%. The weight ratio of clean water to EFB (water / EFB) is defined by the weight ratio of clean water to completely dried EFB. Moreover, the extruder used for each Example is a 2-axis type "MORI-LEHMANN extruder" by Mori Machinery Co., Ltd. Here, since this extruder does not have the function of adjusting the temperature in the barrel, the biomass material after wet pulverization is heated to about 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. by frictional heat.

<Examples 1 and 2>
EFB and clean water of a predetermined weight ratio (see the table in Fig. 2) are put into the extruder material inlet, and the EFB is wet-ground by the extruder (screw rotation speed: about 120 rpm), and then separated from the washing waste water. The dried EFB was dried, and elemental analysis of the dried EFB was performed to determine the content (% by weight) of chlorine and potassium contained in the EFB. Note that the “processing time” in the table of FIG. 2 is the time for which the EFB is pulverized in the barrel of the extruder. Further, the “decrease rate in EFB” in the table of FIG. 2 is a decrease rate with respect to the content before treatment (before wet pulverization).

<Example 3>
After performing the treatment (wet pulverization) according to Example 2 twice, the elemental analysis of the EFB separated from the washed sewage and dried is carried out, whereby the contents (wt%) of chlorine and potassium contained in the EFB are determined. Asked.

<Comparative Examples 1-4>
EFB and clean water of a predetermined weight ratio (see the table in FIG. 4) are put into a 500 ml disposable (zable) cup, and the magnetic stirrer (rotor speed: about 500 rpm) is used for a predetermined time (in FIG. 4). (See Table) After stirring, the EFB separated from the washed sewage was dried, and the elemental analysis of the dried EFB was performed to determine the content (% by weight) of chlorine and potassium contained in the EFB. The “treatment time” in the table of FIG. 4 is the time for stirring with a magnetic stirrer. Moreover, the “decrease rate in EFB” in the table of FIG. 4 is a decrease rate with respect to the content before treatment (before stirring).

  As an experimental result, the following contents were confirmed.

  In Comparative Examples 2 to 4 in which wet pulverization with an extruder is not performed, as shown in the graph of FIG. 5, although chlorine can be reduced by 70% or more, potassium is reduced by 70% or more for 5 minutes or more. Processing time was required. In Comparative Example 1, clean water was insufficient and washing by stirring could not be performed. On the other hand, in Examples 1 to 3 where wet pulverization with an extruder is performed, in Example 2 where the weight ratio of water to EFB is 8, as shown in the graph of FIG. It could be reduced by 70% or more. Further, in Example 1 in which the weight ratio of water to EFB is 2, as shown in the graph of FIG. 3, the reduction ratio of chlorine and potassium is lower than that in Example 2, but the weight ratio of water to EFB is 2 Even so, chlorine and potassium could be reduced to some extent. In Example 3 in which the treatment of Example 2 was repeated, both chlorine and potassium could be reduced by 70% or more, but the reduction rate in Example 2 was almost the same. Accordingly, it was found that 8 is sufficient as the upper limit of the weight ratio of water to EFB. Moreover, when the weight ratio of the water with respect to EFB is smaller than 2, it turned out that EFB idles in the barrel of an extruder and it is difficult to wet-grind EFB.

  As described above, according to the biomass processing method of the present embodiment, since the plant-derived biomass material is hydrated and wet pulverized, the biomass material is pulverized and the pulverized biomass material is washed with water. Is done. Thereby, since water contacts a biomass material well, a chlorine component and a potassium component can be extracted from biomass material. Here, the wet pulverization for treating the biomass material can be carried out at atmospheric pressure. For example, it is not necessary to use a special machine equipped with a pressure vessel, so the chlorine component and the potassium component in the biomass material can be easily obtained. Can be reduced. Therefore, when the biomass material processed by wet pulverization is used as biomass fuel, for example, corrosion and ash adhesion on the inner wall of a furnace such as a combustion furnace can be suppressed.

  Moreover, according to the biomass processing method of the present embodiment, since wet pulverization is performed by the extruder M, the chlorine component and the potassium component in the biomass material can be easily reduced by a versatile wet pulverizer. .

  Moreover, according to the biomass processing method of this embodiment, since the weight ratio of water to the biomass material is 2 to 8, the chlorine component and the potassium component in the biomass material can be reduced, and the biomass material is processed. Cleaning sewage generated in the can be reduced.

  Moreover, according to the biomass processing method of the present embodiment, since the biomass material is an empty palm bunch of oil palm, it is possible to effectively utilize the empty bunch of oil palm that is generated in large quantities after collecting palm oil. it can.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the processing method of the biomass which reduces a chlorine component and a potassium component was illustrated, this invention reduces not only a chlorine component and a potassium component but inorganic components, such as silicon dioxide other than a potassium component. It can also be applied to a biomass processing method.

  As described above, the present invention is extremely useful because the chlorine component and the potassium component in the biomass material can be easily reduced.

M Extruder

Claims (4)

  A method for treating biomass, comprising adding water to a plant-derived biomass material and performing wet pulverization to reduce chlorine and potassium components contained in the biomass material. In the processing method of the biomass described in Claim 1,
A method for treating biomass, wherein the wet pulverization is performed with an extruder. In the processing method of the biomass described in Claim 2,
The weight ratio of the said water with respect to the said biomass material is 2-8, The processing method of the biomass characterized by the above-mentioned. In the processing method of the biomass as described in any one of Claims 1-3,
The method for treating biomass, wherein the biomass material is an empty fruit bunch of oil palm.

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