JP2019076163A - Metabolism measuring system and metabolism measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To be a subject such as an athlete, an inpatient during rehabilitation, a person in a general household who is practicing measures against metabolic syndrome, and more generally, under various conditions of the organism without giving stress to the organism including an animal. Provided are a metabolic measurement system and a metabolic measurement method capable of measuring the metabolism of an organism and grasping the metabolic capacity, health condition, etc. of an organism from the analysis results. A metabolic measurement system is provided for a room or a closed space 101 that constitutes an isolated closed system in which there is no exchange of fluid as a mass flow between the outside world and the inside, and a subject 102 installed inside the room or a closed space 101. It has a measuring device 103 that measures the environment and / or biometric information of the subject, including at least the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the room or the closed space 101, in a non-contact and non-invasive manner. The metabolism of the subject is measured by measuring the environment and / or biological information with the measuring device 103 while the subject is inside the room or the closed space 101. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a metabolism measurement system and a metabolism measurement method, for example, various kinds of fish such as a gymnasium, hospital, nursing home for the elderly, humans (human) in general household etc., dogs in animal hospitals etc. It is suitable for measuring the metabolism of an organism, obtaining information such as metabolic activity and metabolic properties, and maintaining the health of the organism through these.

  Conventionally, as a method of measuring and detecting the exercise characteristics and metabolic ability of each person at an athlete, a patient, etc. or at a general home in a university, a hospital, etc., and grasping the motor function state, cardiorespiratory function, health state etc. Digitally record the behavior of the subject when exercise is applied, especially the movement of joints, attach a thermometer, pulse meter, pulse oximeter, gas analysis mask, etc., and monitor body temperature, pulse, oxygen saturation, and exhalation Methods for measuring oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration are known (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, a Newman Calorimetry apparatus has been developed that measures metabolism by measuring oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration while managing gas supply / exhaust to a room on a macro basis (see Non-Patent Document 2). ). Similarly, there is also provided a system that exerts the same effect as high altitude training by artificially reducing the oxygen concentration in a room on a macro basis (see Non-Patent Document 3).

Patent No. 5329720 specification

[March 14, 2017 search], Internet <URL: http://www.soiken.info/clinical/area02/content03.html> [October 9, 2017 search], Internet <URL: https://www.fujiika.com/> [October 9, 2017 search], Internet <URL: http://www.snowdolphins.com/hypoxia/hypoxia _top.html> [October 17, 2017 search], Internet <URL: https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/info/news _release / 2016/07 / 20_00.html>

  However, in order to investigate the condition of the subject during exercise, a thermometer, pulse meter, pulse oximeter, mask for exhalation analysis, etc. should be attached to measure body temperature, pulse, oxygen saturation, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. There is an aspect which can not be called non-invasive measurement in the sense that it is a contact measurement, and in particular in the case of wearing a mask for breath analysis, there is a possibility of giving unnecessary stress to the face of the subject. Also, considering the operation in a gym for an unspecified number of users, it is not effective to use a mask etc., it takes time for disinfection and cleaning, etc. if it is disposed of at one time, it will be expensive and so on There is a problem with In addition, a metabolic measurement system under an oxygen concentration controlled environment does not exist, particularly in a non-contact system. Similarly, there is no metabolic measurement system for cultured land organisms under an environment in which the concentration of gas constituent molecules is controlled or in the environment under which the concentration of gas dissolved in water is controlled.

  Furthermore, in the case of human application, the subject's intake at the time of the measurement sucks the air in the measurement room, so the aerobic exercise is performed in the case where the number of floating dust is not small and not clean air. When doing this, especially when the amount of exercise is intense, it is inevitable that it will be a kind of invasive measurement in the sense that the respiratory system is forced to take in extra dust that does not normally need to be inhaled. .

  Furthermore, there is a drawback that conventional metabolic analysis with mask attachment for performing breath analysis can not be easily performed in a general gym and general home.

  In addition, the above-mentioned human calorimetry system has not been quantitatively evaluated and controlled so as to sufficiently reduce the number density of dust and bacteria (microbes) floating in the air. In addition, in the same human calorimetry system, since it was evaluated only from the change of gas concentration, it was not possible to distinguish whether it is a thing accompanied by motion or not in the human metabolism. Although it can be done by measuring electromyogram etc., it becomes contact measurement and there is a problem that some bias may be applied. It was not possible to measure body movement information non-contacting and non-invasively.

In addition, while controlling the above oxygen concentration, the training system usually lowers the oxygen concentration in the training room from the oxygen concentration in the normal atmosphere by supplying nitrogen gas to a room isolated from the outside. Met. Therefore, assuming that the volume of the room is V ₀ and the target oxygen concentration is η%, the oxygen concentration in the room is η ₀ (= 20.9%), the oxygen volume in the room V (O ₂ ) = It becomes η ₀ V. In this situation, in order to reduce the oxygen concentration in the room to η, it is possible to introduce nitrogen V into the room from the outside and allow the pressure to rise once for simplicity.
η = _{0 0} V ₀ / (V ₀ + V)
It becomes. In this case, for example, in order to temporarily reduce the oxygen concentration to half, it is understood that the nitrogen volume to be introduced needs to be the same as the volume of the room.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is stress on subjects such as athletes, hospitalized patients in rehabilitation, general household people who are practicing measures against metabolic syndrome, or, more generally, organisms including animals. By providing a metabolism measurement system and a metabolism measurement method capable of measuring the metabolism of the organism under various conditions without giving it and grasping the metabolic ability, health condition and the like of the organism from the analysis result. is there.

  Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to measure the metabolism, increase the treatment effect of hospitalized patients during rehabilitation and rehabilitation under controlled hypoxic oxygen concentration with less nitrogen amount, Alternatively, by adding the additive gas species and molecular species efficiently to the normal air environment, therapeutic effects, aroma effects, deodorizing effects, bactericidal effects such as bacteria in the air are enhanced, and thereby signs specific to the observation period Detection is enabled, and it is also possible to monitor while amplifying a trace gas concentration by setting a molecular diffusion constant corresponding to the corresponding molecular species in the gas exchange membrane (Correspondence with molecular species specific to disease) For example, the present invention provides a metabolic measurement system and a metabolic measurement method, which open the way to determine the presence or absence of, for example, cancer and other diseases in a noncontact and noninvasive manner.

  Still another problem to be solved by the present invention is the metabolism of aquaculture land organisms under an environment in which the concentration of gas constituent molecules is controlled or of an aquatic organism under an environment in which the concentration of dissolved gases in water is controlled. By providing information on metabolic activity and metabolic characteristics of the aquacultured organism, and maintaining the health of the organism through these, and providing a metabolic measurement system and method that contribute to high productivity. is there.

  The above problems and other problems will be clarified by the following description with reference to the attached drawings.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is
A room or a closed space constituting an isolated closed system without exchange as mass flow of fluid between the outside world and the inside,
Non-contact and non-invasively placed on the inside of the room or closed space and at least the oxygen concentration and the inside of the inside of the room or closed space of the organism installed inside the room or closed space And a measuring device for measuring environmental information including carbon concentration and / or biological information,
It is a metabolism measurement system which measures metabolism of the above-mentioned living body by measuring the above-mentioned environment and / or living body information by the above-mentioned measuring device in the state where the above-mentioned living body entered inside the above-mentioned room or closed space.

  Here, the environmental information includes oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the room or closed space, for example, dust particle density inside the room or closed space, temperature, humidity, wind speed (air flow speed and direction And atmospheric pressure, odor (type and concentration of perspiration components and chemical substances that cause odor), etc., and biological information is, in the case of terrestrial animals, for example, body movement, heart rate, pulse, respiration, temperature and their distribution. Etc. The environmental and / or biological information is typically measured with a time resolution of at least on the order of minutes, but is not limited thereto.

  The fluid is a gas or a liquid. The organisms include not only human beings but also non-human animals such as land animals such as dogs, cattle, horses, pigs and monkeys, and aquatic animals such as fish to be aquaculture subjects such as salmon.

  The subject's metabolism is measured during sleep, eating, etc., as well as when performing various exercises (for example, exercise on an exercise bike (registered trademark), running on a room runner, strength training, etc.) May be

  The metabolic measurement system preferably further comprises an enclosure. The enclosure includes a first partial space communicating with the room or the closed space and a second partial space communicating with the outside, and the volumes of the first partial space and the second partial space are the volumes of the internal space of the room or the closed space More than an order of magnitude smaller. And, when the first partial space and the second partial space have a difference between the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the first partial space and the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the second partial space. The above-mentioned constituent molecules can be exchanged in such a direction that the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the first partial space and the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the second partial space become identical by the concentration gradient. It is separated. In this case, when controlling the internal environment of the room or closed space, the internal environment of the second partial space is first changed instead of directly controlling the internal environment of the room or closed space, and then the first partial space is By changing the internal environment, the internal environment of the room or the closed space is controlled by the communication between the room or the closed space and the first partial space. The outside world here does not necessarily mean outdoor, but means outside the room or the closed space, and the form thereof may be a room or a corridor adjacent to the room or the closed space. In this way, the oxygen concentration inside the room or the closed space can be maintained at a sufficiently high level that does not interfere with the activity of the organism, and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the room or the closed space It can be maintained at a sufficiently low concentration without any problem. The membrane is preferably a membrane that is impermeable to dust particles and allows molecules to pass (gas exchange membrane if the fluid is a gas). A film that does not pass dust particles but allows molecules to pass through is basically not limited as long as it can pass molecules without passing dust particles in the space separated by this film, but, for example, it can pass dust particles. Even if the pressure difference in the separation space of the membrane through which molecules pass is zero, if there is a difference in the partial pressure of the fluid components that make up the fluid on both sides of the membrane, molecules can be exchanged through this membrane Is preferred. From this, the membrane that does not pass dust particles but can pass molecules can be, for example, a partition that does not pass dust particles but allows molecules to pass. Here, "does not pass dust particles" includes cases where dust particles are not completely passed (100%), and cases where 100% of dust particles are not strictly passed (the same applies hereinafter). More specifically, the rejection rate (transmission rate) of the dust particles is at least 90% (10% or less), preferably 99% or more, for particles having a particle size of 10 μm or more, even if it is not 100% (0%). (1%) or less. For example, when the fluid is a gas, it is preferable to use a dust-proof filter material, a shoji paper, a non-woven fabric, a shoji paper-like membrane having a gas exchange function, and the fluid is a liquid. In the case of the above, it is preferable that the film has a liquid exchange function such as various liquid filter materials. Specifically, when the fluid is a gas, for example, synthetic fibers such as polyester or acrylic, cellulose fibers such as pulp and rayon are used as the material constituting the film, and the fluid is liquid Polypropylene, polyester, nylon 66, cellulose and the like are used. With this function, even if there is no exchange of fluid as mass flow, this film converges the concentration of constituent molecules of the fluid in the room or closed space to almost the same value as that of the fluid in the external world through the film. It can be done.

  In this metabolic measurement system, preferably, a room or a closed space and a space in which the room or the closed space is installed are membranes capable of exchanging constituent molecules as described above, in particular, not passing dust particles, In addition to the separation of the molecules by the membrane through which it is separated, the opening for drawing the fluid of the room or the closed space inside the room or the closed space, and the whole of the suction fluid after the cleaning process is again An outlet that is returned to the inside of the space is provided as a pair. In this way, it is possible to maintain the dust particle number density inside the room or the closed space at a sufficiently low level, and it is not necessary to put an extra load on the respiratory system of the organism. For this purpose, for example, a fan filter unit is installed inside or outside the room or the closed space (e.g., the ceiling). With the installation of the fan filter unit, combined with the room or closed space forming an isolated closed system, the entire volume (100%) of the fluid after the cleaning process passes through the fan filter unit to the inside of the room or closed space. A circulating 100% circulation feedback system is configured.

  In this metabolism measurement system, for example, the reaching cleanliness level of the living room or closed space at rest of the living body is higher than the number density of dust particles released inside the room or closed space when the living body normally exercises. The cleanliness of the interior of the room or closed space is set such that the corresponding dust particle number density is reduced. Preferably, the interior of the room or enclosed space is maintained at a cleanliness level of at least 100 US 209 D class. If necessary, a non-contact and non-invasive dust counter (particle counter) for a living body is installed in a room or a closed space to measure the cleanliness. This dust counter can measure the time change of the number of dust particles in a room or a closed space. In particular, when an organism moves in a room or a closed space, dust particles are generated. Therefore, the movement status of the organism is determined by measuring the time change of the number of dust particles in the room or the closed space with a dust counter. It can be detected. In addition, preferably, with respect to parameters such as oxygen concentration inside a room or a closed space, carbon dioxide concentration, and the number of dust particles, time-varying characteristic analysis of this parameter is performed to detect a situation such as activity of a living body. Examples of the time change characteristic analysis include, but not limited to, analysis based on a differential equation of concentration change, and the like. For example, by combining with machine learning, data mining software in Big Data era, etc., changes in daily metabolic characteristics of organisms, improvement in exercise capacity, detection / prevention of the presence or absence of pathological changes, etc. Be

In this metabolic measurement system, a membrane capable of exchanging constituent molecules, which typically separates the room or the closed space from the space in which the room or the closed space is installed, does not pass dust particles, but does not pass molecules. Is a membrane through which V passes, the volume of the room or closed space is V, the area of the membrane is A, the thickness of the membrane is L, the diffusion constant of oxygen in the membrane is D, inside the room or closed space The oxygen consumption rate of the organism is B, the oxygen concentration inside the room or closed space when in equilibrium with the outside is 、 _o , the minimum oxygen concentration in the fluid of the organism is η, the time t When η,
Given by When the fluid is a gas, η is the target oxygen concentration inside the room or closed space, and η> 0.18.

  In addition, in this metabolic measurement system, for example, in a state in which the living body is in a room or a closed space, the above-mentioned measuring device quantitatively evaluates the presence or absence of the movement of the living body without contact and non-invasively. Dynamic and static metabolism of an organism can be differentiated and measured by measuring biological information. Alternatively, for example, by reducing the oxygen concentration in the second part space of the enclosure, the oxygen concentration in the first part space of the enclosure is reduced under quantitative control, while maintaining the isolation, The oxygen concentration in the room or closed space can be reduced, and the improvement of the cardiopulmonary function obtained by staying in the room or closed space and performing training can be made more efficient, and the biological condition of the above-mentioned organism can be investigated. . Furthermore, for example, the fluid in the second part space of the enclosure is supplied with useful molecules to the main organisms in the room or the closed space, without impairing the closeness of the room or the closed space. It exists inside a room or a closed space by raising the concentration of the molecule of interest in the subspace under quantitative control, thereby increasing the availability to the above mentioned main organisms in the room or the closed space It is possible to restore, maintain or improve the vitality of an organism. In addition, the film is made of a material set so that the diffusion constant to the molecule of interest is reduced, and the concentration of specific gas molecules emitted from the living body is increased to improve detection accuracy and examine the biological condition of the living body. It can also be done.

Also, this invention is
With the living body inside a room or a closed space constituting an isolated closed system without exchange as mass flow of fluid between the outside world and the inside, the living body is non-contacting and non-invasive with respect to the living body. It is a metabolic measurement method which measures metabolism of the above-mentioned living body by measuring environment and / or living body information including oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration at least inside the above-mentioned room or closed space of the body.

  In the invention of the method of measuring metabolism, what has been described in relation to the invention of the above-mentioned system of measuring metabolism holds as long as not against the nature thereof.

  According to the present invention, at least the oximeter and carbon dioxide concentration of the non-contact and non-invasively on the organism under various conditions such as the situation where the organism is performing an activity such as exercise Since environmental and / or biological information is measured, metabolism can be measured without stressing the living body, whereby the time-dependent change in the metabolic ability of the living body, muscle capacity for anoxia exercise, aerobic exercise correspondence The muscle mass and the like can be grasped, and furthermore, the change over time and hence the health condition of the living body can be grasped by accumulating measurement data. In particular, the dust in the room or the closed space is maintained by the non-contact and non-invasive dust counter with respect to the living body while the organism moves while maintaining the inside of the room or the closed space at a sufficiently high cleanliness. When detecting the movement state of the living body by measuring the time change of the number of microparticles, it is possible to detect the metabolic state during movement without giving stress to the living body, and the respiratory system of the living body The above information as well as the health condition of the living body can be grasped without imposing a load such as dust suction. In addition, by taking a liquid (water system) as an example of the above-mentioned fluid, it is effective in improving the productivity also in the cultivation of fish such as salmon and mackerel.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a metabolism measurement system according to a first embodiment. It is a top view which shows an example of the gas exchange part of the gas exchange unit used for the metabolism measurement system by 1st Embodiment. It is a front view showing an example of a gas exchange part of a gas exchange unit used for a metabolism measuring system by a 1st embodiment. It is a side view showing an example of a gas exchange part of a gas exchange unit used for a metabolism measuring system by a 1st embodiment. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 2; They are a front view, a left view, and a right side view showing an example of a gas exchange unit used for a metabolism measuring system by a 1st embodiment. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the metabolism measurement system by an example. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the gas exchange unit used for the metabolism measurement system by an example. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that the burning experiment of the candle is performed in the room of the metabolism measurement system by an Example. It is a basic diagram showing time change of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration when burning experiment of a candle is performed in a room of a metabolism measuring system by an example. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the results of logarithmically displaying the difference between the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the room and the oxygen concentration in the room and the carbon dioxide concentration based on the experimental result shown in FIG. 10. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows a mode that the exercise bike (trademark) is installed inside the room in the metabolism measurement system by an example. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing changes and differences in oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration with respect to time after the start of exercise on an exercise bike by a subject 1 in the metabolism measurement system according to the example. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing changes and differences in oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration with respect to time after the start of exercise on an exercise bike by a subject 2 in the metabolism measurement system according to the example. It is a basic diagram which shows the change of the calorie consumption with respect to the walking speed converted from the speed of the exercise bike (registered trademark) rowing of the test subjects 1 and 2 in the metabolism measuring system by an example. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing temporal changes in the carbon dioxide concentration and the count number of dust particles with a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more when the subject 2 performs an activity similar to that in daily life in the metabolism measurement system according to the example. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the change in carbon dioxide concentration relative to the count number of dust fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more, obtained from the data shown in FIG. 16. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the total carbon dioxide concentration for 65 seconds relative to the count number of dust fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more, which is obtained from the data shown in FIG. It is an approximate line figure showing tent type CUSP. It is a schematic diagram which shows the body-movement test result in the tent type CUSP shown in FIG. It is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a measurement system showing that the oxygen concentration in the closed space itself can be changed by changing the oxygen concentration in the external space and changing the oxygen concentration in the space communicating with the internal air of the gas exchange unit. It is a basic diagram showing the experimental result which shows that the oxygen concentration of closed space itself can be changed by changing the oxygen concentration of the external world, and changing the oxygen concentration of the space connected with the internal air of a gas exchange unit. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the improved TPC. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the improved TPC. FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram showing the results obtained in the experiment using the improved TPC shown in FIG. 23. It is a basic diagram which shows the result of the correspondence experiment of PSG and KSG. It is a basic diagram which shows the result of another corresponding | compatible experiment with PSG and KSG. It is a basic diagram which shows the metabolism measuring system by 2nd Embodiment. It is a basic diagram which shows the metabolism measuring system by 3rd Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the invention (hereinafter referred to as “embodiments”) will be described.

First Embodiment
[Metabolic measurement system]
FIG. 1 shows a metabolic measurement system according to a first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, this metabolism measurement system has a room or a closed space 101 which constitutes an isolated closed system without exchange as mass flow of gas between the outside world and the inside. The side wall of the room or closed space 101 is provided with an entrance (not shown) for moving the subject 102 in and out of the room or closed space 101, for example, a sliding sliding door. The subject 102 is an organism, in particular a human or an animal, but here a human is illustrated as an example. The size (width, depth, height) inside the room or enclosed space 101 is chosen to be large enough for the subject 102 to enter and measure metabolism under the required conditions, and the interior of the room or enclosed space 101 This will be selected as necessary, taking into consideration the size of incidental equipment to be installed in the The shape of the room or closed space 101 is also selected as required. Inside the room or closed space 101, a measuring device 103 for measuring the environment and / or biological information of the subject 102, including at least the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the room or closed space 101, is provided There is. A plurality of measurement devices 103 may be installed according to the environment and / or biological information to be measured. The position where the measuring device 103 is installed is selected as needed. An opening (not shown) for taking in the internal air of the room or the closed space 101 inside the room or the closed space 101 and a blowout for returning the entire amount thereof to the inside of the room or the closed space 101 after cleaning processing. A mouth (not shown) is provided in a pair. In this example, this is realized by the fan filter unit 104 installed on the floor of the room or the closed space 101, but the cleaning treatment site itself can be provided outside the room or the closed space 101. The fan filter unit 104 installed on the floor of the room or the closed space 101 constitutes a 100% circulation feedback system. The cleanliness of the background inside the room or enclosed space 101 is preferably maintained above US 209 D class 100. By maintaining the cleanliness inside the room or closed space 101 high in this manner, the number of dust particles that the subject 102 sucks during measurement can be significantly reduced, and the load applied to the subject 102 is greatly reduced. It can be reduced. In addition, when the movement condition of the subject 102 is detected by measuring the number of dust particles, the background noise due to the remaining dust particles can be significantly suppressed, and the number density of dust particles generated by the movement of the subject 102 Changes can be extracted clearly. Also, for example, at least one portion of at least one of the walls of the room or the closed space 101 does not pass dust particles, to provide gas exchange capability between the inside and the outside of the room or the closed space 101. A gas exchange unit is provided which is made up of a permeable membrane, ie a gas exchange membrane, or uses a gas exchange membrane. The gas exchange unit is described, for example, in Patent Document 1 (in Patent Document 1, it is described as a gas exchange device). In FIG. 1, an example in which the gas exchange unit 105 is installed on the floor of a room or a closed space 101 is shown. Here, equation (1) is established. A dust counter (not shown) is installed inside the room or the closed space 101 as needed. Inside the room or the closed space 101, necessary accessories are installed according to the circumstances under which the metabolism of the subject 102 is to be measured. For example, when measuring the metabolism of the subject 102 during exercise, an exercise bike (registered trademark) (fitness bike), a room runner (running machine) or the like is installed on the floor of the room or the closed space 101, for example. Alternatively, when measuring the metabolism of the subject 102 at the time of eating and drinking, a table, a chair, and the like are installed in accordance with the subject 102. Alternatively, in the case of measuring the metabolism during sleep of the subject 102, a bed, a collar, a mat, etc. are installed according to the subject 102. Environmental and / or biological information, in particular oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration, measured by the measuring device 103 as a function of the time t, are sent to the computer 106 installed outside the room or the closed space 101 by wire or wirelessly It is possible to For example, the measuring device 103 and the computer 106 are connected by a LAN. Then, the amount of consumed calories and the like of the subject 102 is determined from the measured environment and / or biological information, the measurement result of the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the distribution room or the closed space 101 by the arithmetic device of the computer 106, It is possible to perform time-varying characteristic analysis such as analysis based on autocorrelation function analysis and fast Fourier transform. The oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, calorie consumption, etc. and the results of the time change characteristic analysis can be displayed on a display connected to the computer 106, and a printer (not shown) connected to the computer 106 as needed. , And can be stored in a storage device of the computer 106 or an external storage device connected to the computer 106. In this case, for example, using a mobile phone, analysis and data management may be performed by aggregating information by a computer installed at an analysis and corresponding service site by wireless communication.

  The room or closed space 101 may be provided independently, for example, a room of a general detached house, a room of an apartment complex such as an apartment, a room of a hospital, a room of an elderly nursing home, etc. It may be

  Specifically, the gas exchange unit 105 is configured as follows, for example. 2 to 5 show an example of the configuration of the gas exchange unit 50 inside the gas exchange unit 105. FIG. Here, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are respectively a top view, a front view, a side view and a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the gas exchange unit 50 is configured as follows. That is, for example, a gas exchange membrane 52 is stretched on two spacers S ₁ of height h ₁ of rectangular cross section provided along two sides facing each other on one surface of a rectangular flat plate 51, and in, that the gas exchange membrane 52 is stretched over the spacer S ₂ spacer S ₁ and facing each other to two orthogonal height of the rectangular cross-section provided in a portion corresponding to sides h ₂ is laminated thereon , are stacked one gas exchange membrane 52 is stretched over the spacer S ₁ of the height h ₁ is, similarly, that the gas exchange membrane 52 is stretched over the spacer S ₂ and the gas exchange on the spacer S ₁ The membrane 52 is repeatedly laminated alternately and repeatedly, and on the last spacer S ₁ on which the gas exchange membrane 52 is stretched, the flat plate 53 having the same shape as the flat plate 51 is opposed to each other. Two strips of height h ₂ of rectangular cross section provided along two sides Pacer S ₂ is provided by the spacer S ₂ below. Although a total of 19 gas exchange membranes 52 are provided in this example, it goes without saying that the invention is not limited to this. Because the gas exchange membrane 52 is typically extremely thin, ignoring the thickness of approximately h ₂ is the distance between the separated by a spacer S ₂ two gas exchange membrane 52, two of which are separated by a spacer S ₁ The spacing between the gas exchange membranes 52 is approximately h ₁ . The space between the separated by a spacer S ₂ two gas exchange membrane 52 is a space in which the internal air is passed, space outside air passing between the spacer S two gas exchange membrane 52 separated by ₁ Space. The directions in which the outside air and the inside air flow are selected as necessary, and may or may not be orthogonal to each other. h ₁ and h ₂ are selected according to need, but in order to efficiently exchange the carbon dioxide in the inside air with the oxygen in the outside air through the gas exchange membrane 52, the introduction of the outside air with respect to the introduction amount of the inside air Since it is desirable to make the amount relatively large, generally h ₁ h h ₂ , preferably h ₁ > h ₂ . The gas exchange unit 50 shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 shows the case where h ₁ > h ₂ . Specifically, for example, h ₁ ((1 to 7) × h ₂ is selected. As an example, h ₁ = 25 mm and h ₂ = 5 mm. When h ₁ and h ₂ are not equal, the shape of the shape of gas exchange unit 50 in FIG. 4 is changed from a square to an aspect ratio in the direction to align the ventilation conductance of outside air and inside air according to the ratio of h ₁ and h ₂ It is preferable to set it as the set rectangle.

The gas exchange unit 105 is configured, for example, as shown in FIGS. 6A, B and C. Here, FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C are a front view, a left side view, and a right side view of the gas exchange unit 105, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 6A, B and C, the gas exchange unit 105 has a rectangular parallelepiped enclosure 60. The gas exchange unit 50 shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 is accommodated in the inside of the enclosure 60 in a state of being rotated by a predetermined angle, for example, 10 ° or more and 30 ° or less with respect to the enclosure 60. Here, the gas exchange unit 50 is housed in the enclosure 60 with the four ridge lines inscribed in the inner surface of the enclosure 60. A cylindrical outside air inlet 71 and an outlet 72 are provided on one side of the enclosure 60 and an upper surface on the side, and a cylindrical outlet 73 is provided on the other side opposite to the side. A cylindrical internal air recovery port 74 is provided on the lower surface on the side surface side. In this case, external air introduced from the outside air introduction port 71, after passing through the space between the two gas exchange membrane 52 separated by a spacer S ₁ of the gas exchange unit 50, and the outside is discharged from the discharge port 73 It communicates. Further, the inside air introduced from the inside air recovery port 74 after passing through the space between the two gas exchange membrane 52 separated by a spacer S ₂ of the gas exchange unit 50 is returned from the discharge port 72 room (or It communicates with the closed space).

[How to use the metabolic measurement system]
The method of using this metabolic measurement system is described.

  First, the interior of the room or the closed space 101 is maintained at a predetermined degree of cleanliness by the operation of the fan filter unit 104. In this state, the subject 102 is inserted from the entrance of the room or the closed space 101 to the inside. When the subject 102 enters the inside of the room or the closed space 101, the cleanliness of the inside of the room or the closed space 101 is once lowered, so it waits to recover to a predetermined cleanliness. When the cleanliness in the room or the closed space 101 recovers to a predetermined cleanliness, the measuring device 103 is turned on. As necessary, the power of the measuring apparatus 103 may be turned on at all times. In the room or the closed space 101, necessary accessories are installed depending on under what circumstances the metabolism of the subject 102 is to be measured. For example, in the case where the subject 102 is a human and the metabolism of the human during exercise is to be measured, an exercise bike (registered trademark), a room runner, or the like is installed. In this way, the environment and / or biological information of the subject 102, the oxygen concentration inside the room or the closed space 101, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the target situation are measured by the measuring device 103. Then, the environment and / or biological information thus acquired, the oxygen concentration in the room or the closed space 101 and the carbon dioxide concentration are sent to the computer 103, and the metabolism of the subject is measured by determining the calorie consumption, time The metabolism of the subject is measured by performing change characteristic analysis or the like.

The room which comprises the isolated closed system used for FIG. 7 by the metabolism measurement experiment is shown. This room has a rectangular parallelepiped shape of about 1.8 m in length, about 0.9 m in width, and about 1.6 m in height constituted by a transparent acrylic plate attached to an aluminum alloy frame. A rectangular parallelepiped gas exchange unit 105 is installed on the floor of this room, and an oxygen measuring device and a carbon dioxide measuring device as a measuring device 103 are installed thereon. A fan filter unit is installed on the floor of this room. As a fan filter unit, an air cleaner (F-PDH 35) of Panasonic Corporation was used. As an oxygen measuring device, GX-2009 and OX-01 of Riken Keiki Co., Ltd. were used, and as a carbon dioxide measuring device, GC-2028 of Mother Tool Co., Ltd. was used. The gas exchange unit 105 used is shown in FIG. However, FIG. 8 is a photograph of the side of the gas exchange unit 105. As the gas exchange unit 105, what was shown in FIGS. 2-6 was used. However, the size of the enclosure of the gas exchange unit 105 is about 35 cm in length, about 90 cm in width, about 20 cm in depth, the size of the gas exchange part is about 20 cm in length, about 80 cm in width, about 20 cm in depth, the total number of gas exchange membranes is 17. The total area A of the gas exchange membrane is about 3 m ² . H ₁ shown in FIG. 2 is 15 mm, h ₂ is 5 mm. As the gas exchange membrane, a commercially available shoji paper having a thickness L of about 100 μm was used.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the burning experiment of the candle placed on the digital cooking scale was performed in the room shown in FIG. The digital cooking scale allows the weight of the burned candle to be measured.

That is, if oxygen is consumed at B [m ³ / s] per unit time by burning a candle in a room constituting this isolated closed space, the Avogadro number is N ₀ , the pressure of the system (̃1 Assuming that the gas volume per mole at atmospheric pressure is C, the area of the gas exchange membrane is A, and the flux of oxygen entering the interior of the chamber through the gas exchange membrane is j, the volume Vη (t + δt) of oxygen at time t + δt ) Uses the oxygen volume Vη (t) at time t
Is true. Here too (as already mentioned, the 100% circulating feedback system is built in the room, so the air generated by the fan filter unit will cause the air in the room's interior space to be stirred fast enough, so make up the air Since the gas molecules are homogenized early enough inside the room), it was used that the spatial coordinate dependency can be neglected with a good approximation in the interior space of the room. The third term on the right side of the equation (2) is the number of oxygen molecules flowing in because of the oxygen concentration difference (concentration gradient) on both sides of the gas exchange membrane (that is, between the inside of the chamber and the outside) Oxygen does not flow but flows into the chamber as diffusion of molecules, which is totally different from the phenomenon described in the above equation (2). In equation (2), j is
Given by Where φ is the number of oxygen molecules per unit volume inside the chamber, D is the diffusion constant of oxygen in the gas exchange membrane, and when the direction perpendicular to the gas exchange membrane is the x axis, ∇ is the x axis direction It is a differential operator. Since L can be regarded as three or more orders of magnitude smaller than the thickness of the internal space of the room and can be considered extremely thin, equation (2) is
And can be approximated with good accuracy. η ₀ is the oxygen concentration in the outside world, as in the equations (1) and (2), and is usually about 20.9%. From equation (4), differential equation
Led. The exact solution of equation (5) is
It is determined. Here, because we are interested in the solution corresponding to the steady state after a sufficient time, if we set exp (-[AD / L] t / V) = 0 on the right side, the oxygen concentration at time t is
(It agrees with t →→ in equation (6)).

If, at time t = 0, the internal oxygen concentration is a certain value C ₀ larger than equation (7), the solution of equation (5) is
It becomes.

Next, consider oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation when combustion occurs inside the room. If simply carbon burns,
In the case where oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation are 1: 1, but the candle (paraffin) C _n H _{2 n + 2} (n> 20) burns
It can be said that oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation are approximately 1: 2 n / (3 n + 1) to 1: 0.66. The change in carbon dioxide concentration ξ (t) due to the combustion of the carbon-based compound is such that the concentration increases with the combustion, and is released to the outside when the internal concentration increases. '(M ³ / s), the concentration of carbon dioxide in the outside world is ξ _o , the gas exchange membrane area is A', and the diffusion constant of carbon dioxide in the gas exchange membrane is D '
Is established. Than this
Is obtained. The solution to this equation is from ξ (0) = ξ o if the carbon dioxide concentration is in equilibrium between the internal and external world at time t = 0
It becomes. When there is enough time, the carbon dioxide concentration is
Converge on

If, at time t = 0, the internal carbon dioxide concentration is a certain value C ₀ larger than equation (14), the solution of equation (12) is
It becomes.

The oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration when the candle was burned were measured using the metabolism measurement system shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows temporal changes in oxygen concentration (O ₂ concentration) and carbon dioxide concentration (CO ₂ concentration) at this time. FIG. 10 shows absolute values of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration. FIG. 11 is a logarithmic representation of the difference between the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration shown in FIG. 10 and the ambient oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration (the deviation from the steady state). As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, about 15 minutes after the candle was ignited, the candle burned out. As a characteristic of the equipment, the carbon dioxide measuring device has a response delay of about 5 minutes to the oximeter. Comparison of this experimental result with the above-mentioned analytical formula, that is, with the equation (6) and (13) and the oxygen concentration decrease and the carbon dioxide concentration increase after the start of combustion, and the equation (8) and the equation (15) and the candle From the comparison with the state of recovery of oxygen concentration and decrease of carbon dioxide concentration after the end of combustion, the diffusion constants D and D of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules in the gas exchange membrane of the gas exchange unit used this time 'Can be asked. From FIG. 11, assuming that the slope of the straight line indicating the recovery of the oxygen concentration after the end of the burning of the candle is a (O ₂ ), a (O ₂ ) = (-2-(− 5.4)) / (2280-5520) ) = 3.4 / 3240 = 1.049 × 10 -3, when the slope of the line showing the decrease in concentration of carbon dioxide after the combustion end of the candle and _{a (CO 2), a (} CO 2) = (- 3 − (− 4.8)) / (3720−6000) = 1.8 / 2280 = 0.7895 × 10 ⁻³ , and the ratio of the two is a (CO ₂ ) / a (O ₂ ) = 0.7895 × a 10 ^-3 /1.049×10 ^-3 = 0.753. From this, it can be understood that although oxygen and carbon dioxide settle to the equilibrium value with the external world with almost the same time constant, in detail, recovery of carbon dioxide is slightly slower than that of oxygen. Since the molecular weight of carbon dioxide is 44 and the molecular weight of carbon dioxide is heavier than that of oxygen, while the molecular weight of oxygen is 32, the thermal energy kT at room temperature (k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature It can be understood from the fact that the speed at which molecules move below is slower with carbon dioxide molecules. That is, (molecular weight of oxygen / molecular weight of carbon dioxide) ^1/2 = (32/44) ^1/2 = 0.853. This value approximately matches the value of a (CO ₂ ) / a (O ₂ ) of 0.753.

Furthermore, under equal distribution of thermal energy, it is possible to take advantage of the fact that heavy molecular species can be relatively stored in a closed space by making use of the fact that the diffusion constant is inversely proportional to the molecular weight route. For example, skin gas measurement released from the sole has been reported (see Non-Patent Document 4), but in general, acetone is a metabolite released along with the decomposition and burning of body fat, so weight loss It can be more accurately specified whether or not due to loss of body fat, but since the molecular weight of acetone is heavier at 58 than the above-mentioned CO ₂ , it tends to pool in a closed space. As described above, by setting the diffusion constant of the gas exchange membrane to be lower with respect to the target molecular species, even a low-cost organic substance (VOC) detector can increase the measurement rate of the target molecular species, thereby achieving higher altitude. Can be linked to the analysis and health check of In order to control the diffusion constant, in the case where the target molecular species is a polar molecule, the material of the gas exchange membrane is included with polarization to suppress the diffusion of the target molecule and to control the concentration in the closed space. By enhancing it, it is also possible to detect with higher accuracy (even by an inexpensive measuring instrument). This metabolic measurement system can be used as a non-contact non-invasive breath analysis device, and can be put to practical use as a physical information analyzer as well as a metabolic analysis that discriminates body motion information. Furthermore, by replacing the so-called "cancer detection dog"'s sense of smell with a relative concentration condensing ability, it is possible to finally open the way to realize the same function and detection ability. From exhalation information during sleep, it is expected that physical information management, disease diagnosis, etc. can be performed without contact and non-invasively. It can also contribute significantly to the development and realization of exhaled biomarkers.

The diffusion constants of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules were determined based on the above experiments. The diffusion constant of oxygen molecules is 7.2 × 10 ^-7 [m ² / s], and the diffusion constant of carbon dioxide molecules is 5. It was 1 × 10 ⁻⁷ [m ² / s]. Based on this, FIG. 12 shows that the exercise apparatus is stored in the above room. Here, although an exercise bike (registered trademark) is stored as an exercise device, it is not limited thereto. Preferably, it is an exercise device that can set various exercise loads. Room runners are one example.

What plotted the time change of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration when test subjects 1 and 2 exercised in this room is shown in Drawing 13A and Drawing 14A, respectively. Subjects 1 and 2 are both adult men. From FIG. 13A, the ratio of the amount of change in carbon dioxide concentration to the amount of change in oxygen concentration during exercise is (9200-1600) ppm / (20.9-19.8)% = 7800 × 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ / 1. 1 × 10 ⁻² = 0.7 From FIG. 14A, the ratio of the amount of change in carbon dioxide concentration to the amount of change in oxygen concentration during exercise is (1080-1600) ppm / {(20.9-20.1) × 8/5%} = 9200 × 1. It is x 10 ^-6 /1.3 x 10 ^-2 = 0.7. That is, the ratio between the amount of change in carbon dioxide concentration during exercise and the amount of change in oxygen concentration is the same for subjects 1 and 2. Although FIG. 13B and FIG. 14B are the difference data of FIG. 13A and FIG. 14A, respectively, the inflection point (intersection point of the plot curve and the vertical dotted line) in FIG. 13A and FIG. 14A can be determined. It is judged that the point at which the transition from carbohydrate-based metabolism to lipid-based metabolism is occurring can be detected. Since the gas exchange capacity of the gas exchange unit is known from the experimental results shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, from the observed carbon dioxide concentration, the combustion of the reactive carbohydrate system:
Lipid burning:
More specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 described later, the calorie consumption corresponding to the observed carbon dioxide concentration is non-contact, non-invasive, and can be placed during aerobic exercise as a function of walking speed (exercise speed). It has been demonstrated that it can be calculated for each subject while suppressing the increase in floating dust intake.

  As can be seen from FIG. 15, the consumed calories change superlinearly with respect to the walking speed. Since the broken line in FIG. 15 corresponds to the basal metabolic rate of an adult male, when this amount is subtracted, it can be seen that the calorie consumption with respect to the walking speed is calculated according to the square of the exercise speed. Thus, it was found from the non-contact, non-invasively observed carbon dioxide concentration that the active metabolic amount of the subject can be measured. It was also shown that since the amount of metabolism varies from subject to subject, it is possible to measure the amount of activity metabolism according to the weight and relative muscle mass of an individual. Also, by measuring the same subject in chronological order, it is possible to measure the increase in metabolic amount and muscle mass by regular exercise, and the decrease in metabolic amount due to aging and illness etc. As one of the data, it is expected that it can be effectively used not only for personal health management but also for statistical analysis as family and race characteristics.

  Next, using the metabolism measurement system shown in FIG. 7, the concentration of carbon dioxide when a human sends a general life (entering / exiting from a room, eating, sleeping, etc.) is measured, and the results of measuring the metabolism are explained. Do. The room was made to be more than US209D class 100 in the cleanliness of the background by the fan filter unit. FIG. 16 shows the results of measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration and the count number of dust particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more over 7 hours from the time of entering the room. The subject is subject 2. In FIG. 16, the timings of lunch, sneezing, movement, nap, waking up, sleeping bag, drinking, etc. are indicated by vertical arrows. As shown in FIG. 16, it can be seen that the carbon dioxide concentration changes in response to an event that causes the subject 2 to move.

  FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the count number of dust fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more (abbreviated as Σ d> 0.5) and the carbon dioxide concentration shown in FIG.

  FIG. 18 is a bilogarithmic representation of the count number of dust fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 μm or more and the total of the carbon dioxide concentration for 65 seconds shown in FIG. The horizontal axes in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 quantitatively show the amount of body movement. This is because, in an isolated closed system having a clean environment equivalent to that of FIG. 12 as shown in FIG. 19, the number of dust particles is generated when the trunk or the hand or foot is moved intentionally. As shown in FIG. 24, since it is obtained quantitatively, it is based on the ability to quantify the body movement of the internal stay person in proportion to the number of dust particles in the highly clean isolated closed system. Details of an isolated closed system shown in FIG. 19, that is, a system in which a fan filter unit is installed in a tent formed of a gas exchange membrane to constitute a 100% circulation feedback system (CUSP (Clean Unit System Platform) tent) will be described. As shown in FIG. 19, a fan filter unit 104 is installed on one side in the tent 300 (a side facing the head when the subject goes to bed), and a dust counter 310 is installed immediately next to the fan filter unit 104. The dust counter 320 is installed on the other side of the tent 300 (the side on which the subject turns when the subject goes to bed). The subject 330 lies between the fan filter unit 104 and the dust counter 320 with its head facing the fan filter unit 104 and lying on its back. By the operation of the fan filter unit 104, air flows and circulates in the tent 300 as indicated by the arrows, and a 100% circulation feedback system is configured. Dust fine particles are scattered or generated due to the movement of the subject 330 while sleeping. The measurement result of the time change of dust particle density is shown in FIG. The subject 330 is an adult male. First, the dust particle density is measured by the dust counters 310 and 320 in a state where the operation of the fan filter unit 104 is stopped, and after 20 minutes from the start of the measurement (set as the origin (0 minute) of the time of the horizontal axis in FIG. 20) The operation of the fan filter unit 104 was started (FFU on), and the dust particle density was measured by the dust counters 310 and 320. The dust particle density on the head side of the subject 330 can be measured by the dust counter 310, and the dust particle density on the foot side of the subject 330 can be measured by the dust counter 320. As shown in FIG. 20, the dust particle density was as high as 10000 to 200000 (1 / cf) before the operation of the fan filter unit 104, but the dust particle density decreases rapidly after the operation of the fan filter unit 104 is started, Five minutes after the start of the operation, it decreased to 3000 to 6000 (1 / cf). The subject 330 was asked to roll his body every 5 minutes between 5 minutes and 50 minutes after the start of operation of the fan filter unit 104. More specifically, from the state in which the subject 330 is lying on his back (attitude S), it turns to the right when viewed from the head of the subject 330 as it faces the foot (posture R), and then rotates in the reverse direction to face up. Returned to the sleeping state (attitude S), and then turned to the left (attitude L). This rotation operation was repeated every five minutes. Sixty minutes after the start of driving, the subject 330 was asked to repeatedly raise and lower both arms three times every 5 minutes, and then 75 minutes after the start of driving, both legs were raised and lowered three times every five minutes. From FIG. 20, it can be seen that the dust particle density changes significantly in response to the rotation of the subject 330's body and the raising and lowering of the arms and feet. From this, it is clear that the body motion information of the subject 330 can be obtained from the pattern of the time change of the dust particle density. As can be seen from FIG. 18, motor metabolism and non-motor metabolism (for example, digestive metabolism, alcohol metabolism, etc.) can be distinguished and analyzed by making a correlation plot of physical movement amount and metabolism amount.

Furthermore, the outside air side of the enclosure 60 of the gas exchange unit 105, for example, from N ₂ gas cylinder as shown in FIG. 21, on the side outside air communication with the gas exchange unit 105 through the N ₂ tubes, introducing extra nitrogen Thus, the oxygen concentration of the side of the enclosure 60 in communication with the outside air can be relatively lowered.

The feed flow F ₁ into the external air inlet port 71 of the gas exchange unit 105 of FIG. 21 (labeled in FIG. 21 outside air inlet) for example, is set to F ₁ = 4.3 liters (l) / s, the 7% When an amount of F ₂ = 0.3 liter (l) / min corresponding to n is supplied from the above-mentioned N ₂ cylinder, the oxygen concentration is 0.21 / (1 + F ₂ / F ₁ ) = 0.21 as shown in FIG. /(1+0.07) can be reduced to 19.5%. In this way, by controlling the concentration gradient through the gas exchange unit 105, as a result, there is no inflow of fluid (in this case, gas) as a net mass flow into the inner space, and diffusion due to the concentration gradient of molecules is It has been shown that, by permitting, it is possible to control the gas concentration of the system without breaking the isolation and closure as the system of the inner space. In this way, it is possible to carry out the above-mentioned metabolic analysis under a highly clean environment under non-contact and non-invasive conditions under a controlled oxygen concentration, ie, for example, under a low oxygen concentration atmosphere. This is the first system that can be equivalent to high-altitude training, while performing body movement discrimination metabolism analysis in a clean environment.

Further, since the ultimate oxygen concentration is controlled by F ₂ / F ₁ as described above, the local space of the gas exchange unit 105 is sufficiently reduced by sufficiently reducing the volume of the local space communicating with the outside air of the gas exchange unit 105. the nitrogen concentration (the F ₁ in conjunction with the F _2, while also set to F ₂ itself is low value, by setting the ratio F ₂ / F ₁ constant) it is possible to lower the oxygen concentration, The oxygen concentration in the internal environment can be controlled with a smaller amount of nitrogen than when nitrogen is directly fed into the chamber to control the oxygen concentration.

  On the other hand, it is shown in FIG. 23 as a system that recognizes the space address fully three-dimensionally by using continuous projection of space time to space coordinates in the minimum setup of gas filled in a drum-like container. There is a time projection chamber (Time Projection Chamber, TPC) and its development and excellent performance have been reported by the present inventors (P. Nemethy, P. Oddone, N. Toge, and A. Ishibashi, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 212 (1983) 273-280). The TPC will be described in some detail. As shown in FIG. 23, the electron beam 222 incident from both ends of the gas-filled cylindrical TPC 221 collides with the positron beam 223 to generate new elementary particles 224 in a jet form. Since the electrons 225 generated along the track of the elementary particles 224 reach a two-dimensional detector called sectors 226 at both ends of the TPC 221 with a constant drift velocity in the axial direction, the collision time is taken as the starting point The position in the axial or z direction is known from the elapsed time until the sector 226 is reached. FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of a portion of the sector 226, in which reference numeral 226a denotes a sense wire, 226b a grid, 226c a pad, and 226d an electric field line. As shown in FIG. 20, electrons cause an avalanche in the portion of the sense wire 226a of the sector 226, whereby an electrical signal is applied to the sense wire 226a and the pad 226c located therebelow, so that the position in the x and y directions is obtained. I will ask. Thus, the three-dimensional position is determined, but the position in the z direction is projected with time information in space as described above due to the constant drift velocity of electrons. Due to this feature, the system is called a time projection (time projection) chamber, and identification of particles can be performed by discriminating and simultaneously measuring the momentum and energy loss of the detected particles with one measuring instrument called TPC.

FIG. 25 shows the momentum-energy loss characteristics (E _cm = 29 GeV) of multi-hadron events obtained using this TPC. As shown in FIG. 25, electrons [e], kaons [K], protons [e], deuterons [d], etc. can be detected separately.

  Comparing FIG. 18 with FIG. 25, this metabolic measurement system can detect and analyze whether it is exercise metabolism or non-exercise metabolism by measuring the amount of movement and metabolism independently and at the same time In terms of TPC, which can identify particles from momentum and energy loss, it has a very similar excellent feature of being able to discriminate and detect / analyze the object of measurement taking advantage of simultaneously measuring two parameters in one device. It is understood that it shows that.

  The above-mentioned activity-time metabolic measurement is “human-related” and “conscious-time” information. If this attribute is described as (↑), the data of kineto somnogram (KSG) is “human-related”, “ It is "information at the time of unconsciousness (sleeping) and can be written as (↓). In addition to this, the calculated values of calories etc. of the room runner and the exercise bike (registered trademark) itself are naturally classified as unconscious state with non-human information (↓ が), but this system, KSG and IoT It is expected that health management can be enabled through enrichment of big data space by data with new attribute of (↑ () (↓ () (↓ ↓) which is a combination of (one of) data. Similarly, through analysis of the metabolic state of organisms in clean air, it can also be connected to aquaculture of terrestrial animals, in particular sterile chickens and sterile piglets. Furthermore, taking a liquid as a fluid and using a clean space similar to the above-described gas system, metabolic analysis and movement analysis of organisms in the clean (liquid) space can be performed in the same manner. As a result, particularly in the case of aquaculture etc., the high cleanliness of the fluid is combined with the realization of efficient health management and quality control of the living body, and as a result, maintenance and improvement of productivity can be brought about. Become.

  26 and 27 show polysomnography (PSG) [measured on the two upper lines, each with a different PSG analyzer] and time-variation analysis (KSG) of dust particle number during sleep in highly clean space We show the result of the corresponding experiment of [bottom line]. In FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, in the upper PSG analysis, four levels of awakening, REM, shallow sleep, and deep sleep are analyzed, and in the middle PSG analysis, they are classified into three levels of Interrupted (arousal), Light, and Deep. There is. FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 show the experimental results of another day of the same subject. As can be seen from FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, it can be seen that there are many cases where the shallow sleep transition in the PSG or the awake transition and the peak of the KSG coincide. Also, it can be seen that the peak value for the transition between light sleep and REM sleep is as large as about 1000 in KSG, and the transition between light sleep and deep sleep is as small as about 100 in KSG. In addition, in the time zone classified as deep sleep or deep in PSG, good agreement can be seen that the number of generated particles is very small even in KSG. In the present invention, it is possible to perform very advanced sleep analysis, sleep quality analysis and metabolism analysis by performing multiplication by the above-mentioned metabolism analysis while performing such analysis, and through this, appropriate health management and physical condition It can be linked to maintenance.

  As described above, according to the metabolic measurement system according to the first embodiment, the subject 102 who measures the metabolism is placed in the room or the closed space 101, and the subject 102 is exercising etc. Contactless and non-invasive by measuring environmental and / or biological information of the subject 102 including at least oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the room or closed space 101 by the measuring device 103 under desired conditions such as The metabolism of the subject 102 can be measured without stressing the subject 102. And thereby, the temporal change of the metabolic ability of the subject 102, the anoxic exercise corresponding muscle mass, the aerobic exercise corresponding muscle mass etc. can be grasped, and further, the temporal change due to the accumulation of measurement data, and eventually the subject The health condition of 102 can be grasped. In particular, when the subject 102 detects the movement of the subject 102 by measuring the time change of the number of dust particles in the room or the closed space 101 with the dust counter while the subject 102 exercises, It is possible to detect the metabolic condition during exercise without applying stress, and to grasp the above information and the health condition of the subject 102 without applying a load such as dust inhalation to the respiratory system of the subject 102. be able to. This metabolism measurement system can be used as a health management system in the sense that the health condition of the subject 102 can be grasped. In addition, since this metabolism measurement system has high clean environmental performance and the ability to analyze the metabolism of the subject 102, when the subject 102 is a land animal to be bred and bred, the health condition of this land animal And quality management can be performed efficiently.

Second Embodiment
[Metabolic measurement system]
FIG. 28 shows a metabolism measurement system according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 28, this metabolism measurement system has a room or a closed space 401 constituting an isolated closed system without exchange as mass flow of fluid (gas or liquid) between the outside world and the inside. The inside of the room or closed space 401 is filled with a fluid (not shown). The wall of the room or closed space 401 includes a first partial space 402a communicating with the room or the closed space 401 and a second partial space 402b communicating with the outside, and the first partial space 402a and the second partial space 402b An enclosure (molecular exchanger) 402 whose volume is smaller than the volume of the interior space of the room or closed space 401 by one digit or more is installed. The first partial space 402a and the second partial space 402b of the enclosure 402 are between the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the first partial space 402a and the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the second partial space 402b. In the case where a difference occurs, the above-mentioned constituent molecules are oriented in such a direction that the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the first partial space 402a and the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the second partial space 402b become equal due to the concentration gradient. Are separated by a molecular permeable membrane (molecular exchange membrane) 403 capable of exchanging In FIG. 28, a single molecule permeable membrane 403 is illustrated in the enclosure 402, which schematically shows that the enclosure 402 includes the molecule permeable membrane 403, and is typically shown Similarly to the gas exchange unit 50 of the first embodiment, a gas exchange unit including a plurality of molecule permeable membranes 403 is provided in the enclosure 402. Although illustration is omitted, an internal fluid recovery port and an exhaust port are provided in a portion corresponding to the first partial space 402 a of the enclosure 402, and an external fluid is introduced into a portion corresponding to the second partial space 402 b of the enclosure 402. A mouth and an outlet are provided. In this case, when controlling the internal environment of the room or closed space 401, instead of directly controlling the internal environment of the room or closed space 401, the internal environment of the second partial space 402b is first changed, and then the first The internal environment of the room or closed space 401 is controlled by changing the internal environment of the partial space 402 a. In addition, inside the room or the closed space 401, there is provided a delivery-powered filter unit 404 (fan filter unit if the fluid is a gas) incorporating a filter 404a for filtering particles, bacteria and the like. The delivery powered filter unit 404 has an opening (not shown) for sucking the fluid in the room or the closed space 401, and the entire suction fluid is returned to the inside of the room or the closed space 401 after cleaning processing. An outlet (not shown) and a pair are provided. With this delivery powered filter unit 404, combined with the room or closed space 401 forming an isolated closed system, the total amount (100%) of the fluid after the cleaning process via the delivery powered filter unit 404 is the room or A 100% circulation feedback system that circulates inside the closed space 401 is configured. A white arrow shows how the fluid circulates in the room or the closed space 401. The fluid (liquid or gas) is introduced into the second partial space 402b of the enclosure 402 from the external fluid inlet and discharged from the outlet. The state of the fluid flowing through the second partial space 402b is indicated by a white arrow. If necessary, an external fluid (indicated by a black arrow) for modulation of components of the fluid is introduced into the second partial space 402b. Although not shown, a measuring device similar to the measuring device 103 of the first embodiment is installed.

  In this metabolism measurement system, as far as the nature thereof is not violated, what has been described in relation to the metabolism measurement system according to the first embodiment holds true.

As discussed in the first embodiment, this metabolism measurement system uses a smaller amount of nitrogen than that in the case where nitrogen is directly fed into a room or closed space 401 to control the oxygen concentration by using the enclosure 402. It is possible to control the oxygen concentration of the internal environment with This will be described in detail. That is, in the metabolism measurement system shown in FIG. 28, the volume of the second partial space 402b communicating with the outside of the enclosure 402 is V, and the volume of the room or closed space 401 is V _0. Think about halving. A piston-like mechanism is introduced into the second partial space 402b of the volume V communicating with the outside of the enclosure 402, and nitrogen of the same volume v is extruded and replaced in the initial state of air once at a time. ) Let's consider the case of sending in. At this time, since the partial pressure of oxygen in the second partial space 402b communicating with the outside of the enclosure 402 is zero, the oxygen in the room is most efficiently diffused to the outside air side by the concentration gradient, and the oxygen concentration in the room is , Initial value η ₀ (= 2 0.9%) to η ₁ = {V ₀ η ₀ + (V-v) _{0 0} } / (V ₀ + v)
It becomes. Now, for simplicity, assuming that the volume of nitrogen to be sent v is equal to the volume of the second partial space 402b communicating with the outside of the enclosure 402, then v = V,
η ₁ = η o · V ₀ / (V ₀ + v)
Can be simplified.

In this state, when the volume v of nitrogen is again supplied to push out and replace the gas present in the second partial space 402b of the volume V communicating with the outside of the enclosure 402, the oxygen concentration in the chamber is
η ₂ = _{1 1} · V ₀ / (V ₀ + v) = _{0 0} · {V ₀ / (V ₀ + V)} ²
It becomes. The oxygen concentration in the room after repeating this process k times is
η _k = _{k k -1} · V ₀ / (V ₀ + V) = _{0 0} · {V ₀ / (V ₀ + V)} ^k
It becomes. Assuming that the oxygen concentration becomes half after the process after k times, from η _k = 1/2 · η ₀
1/2 = {V ₀ / (V ₀ + V} ^k
It becomes. Since the volume of the enclosure 402 is set to be smaller than the volume of the room or the closed space 401 by one digit or more, if V = 1/10 V ₀ ,
k = log (1/2) / log (10/11) = log2 / log (11/10) = 7.2
It is determined. Nitrogen volume and fed to the second partial space 402b to the outside world communicates the enclosure 402, that the 7.2 × V ₀ /10=0.72V _0, the nitrogen in the room or closed space 401 from the outside world as a mass flow In the case where the oxygen concentration is halved by feeding, it can be understood that the same oxygen concentration reduction can be derived with a smaller amount of nitrogen as compared with the case where V ₀ was required as the amount of nitrogen (oxygen concentration is 1⁄2 If you want to reduce it further, this efficiency will increase even more, for example, if it is 1/10, you will need 9 times the volume of the room or closed space 401, ie 9 V ₀ of nitrogen if you feed it directly However, when nitrogen is fed through the local enclosure 402, about 27% of it, the amount of nitrogen of at most 2.4 V ₀ is sufficient). Moreover, there is no exchange of fluid (gas in the present case) as mass flow between the outside world and the inside of the room or the closed space 401. Therefore, the dust number density in the room or the closed space 401 can also be kept good without deterioration.

  In the above example, nitrogen is introduced into the second partial space 402b of the enclosure 402 for controlling the oxygen concentration in the room or closed space 401, but instead of nitrogen or together with nitrogen, for example, hypochlorous acid It is also possible to introduce a gas that contains a drug or other drug. Thereby, there is no exchange of fluid (in this case, gas) as mass flow between the outside world and the inside of the room or the closed space 401, and the dust number density in the room also remains good without deterioration. The air in the closed space 401 can be sterilized and deodorized. Similarly, by introducing a gas containing a necessary drug into the second partial space 402b of the enclosure 402, treatment for treating the respiratory system of a patient staying in a room or a closed space 401 via the lungs is also possible. It becomes possible.

  According to this second embodiment, the same advantages as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and in particular, the fluid that fills the room or the closed space 401 is liquid, especially water (including fresh water, salt water, and seawater). If the subject 102 is an aquatic animal such as fish to be aquaculture target, the metabolic analysis of the aquatic animal provides an advantage that health conditions and quality management can be efficiently performed. Can.

Third Embodiment
[Metabolic measurement system]
FIG. 29 shows a metabolism measurement system according to the third embodiment. This metabolic measurement system doubles as an aquaculture system. As shown in FIG. 29, in this metabolism measurement system, a room or closed space 401 is provided at the top of a building 1000, and a water tank 501 for containing aquatic animals such as fish to be aquaculture objects is provided at the bottom of the building 1000. There is. The water tank 501 is provided at a position lower than the floor 401 a of the room or the closed space 401, and water (fresh water, salt water, seawater) is put therein. An operator 405 engaged in aquaculture stays in a room or a closed space 401.

  The room or closed space 401 is configured in the same manner as the second embodiment except that the fluid filled therein is air, so the description will be omitted. However, when the subject does not measure metabolism, it is not necessary to install a measuring device that measures oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration.

  The water tank 501 constitutes an isolated closed system without exchange as mass flow of liquid between the outside world and the inside. The inside of the water tank 501 is filled with water. The wall of the water tank 501 contains a first partial space 502a communicating with the water tank 501 and a second partial space 502b communicating with the outside, and the volumes of the first partial space 502a and the second partial space 502b are the inside of the water tank 501. An enclosure (molecular exchanger) 502 smaller than the volume of space by one digit or more is installed. The first partial space 502a and the second partial space 502b of the enclosure 502 are between the concentration of the constituent molecules of the liquid in the first partial space 502a and the concentration of the constituent molecules of the liquid in the second partial space 502b. In the case where a difference occurs, the above-mentioned constituent molecules are oriented in such a direction that the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the first partial space 502a and the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the second partial space 502b become equal due to the concentration gradient. Are separated by a molecular permeable membrane (molecular exchange membrane) 503 capable of exchanging In FIG. 29, a single molecule permeable membrane 503 is illustrated in the enclosure 502. This schematically shows that the enclosure 502 includes the molecule permeable membrane 503, and is typically shown As in the gas exchange unit 50 of the first embodiment, a molecular exchange unit including a plurality of molecule permeable membranes 503 is provided in the enclosure 502. Although not shown, an internal fluid recovery port and an exhaust port are provided in a portion corresponding to the first partial space 502 a of the enclosure 502, and an external fluid is introduced into a portion corresponding to the second partial space 502 b of the enclosure 502. A mouth and an outlet are provided. In this case, when controlling the internal environment of the water tank 501, instead of directly controlling the internal environment of the water tank 501, the internal environment of the second partial space 502b is first changed, and then the internal environment of the first partial space 502a Control the internal environment of the water tank 501. In addition, inside the water tank 501, a filter unit 504 with a sending power is provided, which incorporates a filter 504a for filtering particles, bacteria and the like. The delivery-powered filter unit 504 has an opening (not shown) for sucking the liquid in the water tank 501 and an outlet (not shown) for returning the entire amount of the suction liquid back to the inside of the water tank 501 after cleaning processing. ) Are provided in pairs. Combined with the fact that the water tank 501 constitutes an isolated closed system by this delivery power filter unit 504, the entire amount (100%) of the fluid after the cleaning processing via the delivery power filter unit 504 is the inside of the water tank 501. A circulating 100% circulation feedback system is configured. An arrow shows how the liquid circulates inside the water tank 501. The second partial space 502 b of the enclosure 502 is in an adjacent chamber or an external water tank 505. Then, the liquid is introduced into the second partial space 502 b from the external fluid inlet in the water tank 505 and discharged from the outlet. The state of the liquid flowing through the second partial space 502b is indicated by an arrow. In the water tank 501, above the outlet of the delivery-powered filter unit 504, a measuring device 506 for measuring environmental and / or biological information including at least the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the water tank 501 is installed. A mesh floor 507 is provided at a position slightly higher than the bottom of the water tank 501 at the bottom of the water tank 501. Particles and the like in the liquid of the water tank 501 are deposited on the bottom of the water tank 501 through the mesh floor 507 to form a deposit. This deposit is taken out to the deposit processing tank 508 through an opening (not shown) provided in the lower part of the side wall of the water tank 501. The deposit taken out of the deposit treatment tank 508 is taken out to the outside. The sediment taken out in this way may be discarded, but if it can be used as fertilizer, it will be diverted to fertilizer.

  According to the third embodiment, the room or closed space 401 can be maintained in a high cleanliness environment by a 100% circulation feedback system, and the water tank 501 is also maintained in a high cleanliness environment by a 100% circulation feedback system. can do. That is, in this metabolism measurement system, the high purity gas phase in the room or the closed space 401 and the high purity liquid phase in the water tank 501 coexist in the building 1000. Therefore, the respiratory system of the operator 405 engaged in aquaculture in the room or the closed space 401 is not given a load such as dust inhalation. In addition, the metabolism of aquatic animals can be measured in a non-contact and non-invasive manner without stressing aquatic animals such as fish to be cultured. And thereby, it is possible to grasp the time-dependent change of the metabolic ability of the aquatic animal, the anoxic exercise-compatible muscle mass, the aerobic exercise-compatible muscle mass, etc. Furthermore, by accumulation of measurement data, the temporal change thereof. It is possible to know the health condition. In particular, when detecting the movement situation of the aquatic animal by measuring the time change of the number of dust particles in the water tank 501 with the dust counter while the aquatic animal exercises, without giving stress to the aquatic animal, The exercise metabolic condition can be detected, and the above information as well as the health condition of the aquatic animal can be grasped without giving a load such as dust inhalation to the respiratory system of the aquatic animal. This system takes both gas and liquid as a fluid, and contains a space containing the liquid as a fluid in a closed space containing the air as a fluid, whereby a highly clean gas phase and a highly clean liquid phase coexist. It is a high purity system. This system, combined with the high clean environment performance and the ability to analyze the metabolism of the target organism, is also a system suitable as aquaculture environment for aquatic organisms.

  Although the embodiments and examples of the present invention have been specifically described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and examples, and various modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention Is possible. For example, the numerical values, structures, configurations, shapes, arrangements, etc. mentioned in the above embodiment and examples are merely examples, and different numerical values, structures, configurations, shapes, arrangements, etc. may be used as necessary. It is also good.

  101 ... room or closed space, 102 ... subject, 103 ... measuring device, 104 ... fan filter unit, 105 ... gas exchange unit, 106 ... computer, 50 ... gas exchange unit, 52 ... gas exchange membrane

Claims (9)

A room or a closed space constituting an isolated closed system without exchange as mass flow of fluid between the outside world and the inside,
Non-contact and non-invasively placed on the inside of the room or closed space and at least the oxygen concentration and the inside of the inside of the room or closed space of the organism installed inside the room or closed space And a measuring device for measuring environmental information including carbon concentration and / or biological information,
The metabolism measurement system which measures the metabolism of the above-mentioned living body by measuring the above-mentioned environment and / or living body information by the above-mentioned measuring device in the state where the above-mentioned living body entered the inside of the above-mentioned room or closed space. A first partial space communicating with the room or the closed space and a second partial space communicating with the outside are included, and the volumes of the first partial space and the second partial space are greater than the volume of the internal space of the room or the closed space It further has an enclosure smaller by one digit or more,
The first partial space and the second partial space have a difference between the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the first partial space and the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the second partial space. In the case where the concentration gradient makes the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the first partial space equal to the concentration of the constituent molecules of the fluid in the second partial space, the constituent molecules are exchanged. Separated by a membrane that can
When controlling the internal environment of the room or closed space, instead of directly controlling the internal environment of the room or closed space, the internal environment of the second partial space is first changed, and then the first partial space is changed. The metabolic measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the internal environment of the room or the closed space is controlled by the communication between the room or the closed space and the first partial space by changing the internal environment of the room.   An opening for sucking the fluid in the room or the closed space inside the room or the closed space, and a blowout for returning the whole amount back to the inside of the room or the closed space after the suction fluid is cleaned. The metabolism measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the mouth and the mouth are provided in a pair. The film is a film which does not pass dust particles but passes molecules, the volume of the room or closed space is V, the area of the film is A, the thickness of the film is L, and the diffusion constant of oxygen in the film D, the oxygen consumption rate of the organism inside the room or closed space B, the oxygen concentration inside the room or closed space when in equilibrium with the outside η _o , within the fluid of the organism Let η be the minimum oxygen concentration allowed for
A metabolic measurement system according to claim 2 given by   Non-contact and non-invasive quantitative evaluation of the presence or absence of the movement of the living body in a state where the living body is contained in the room or the closed space, the environmental and / or biological information is measured by the measuring device The metabolic measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic metabolism and the static metabolism of the organism are determined by discrimination.   By reducing the oxygen concentration in the second part space of the enclosure, the oxygen concentration in the first part space of the enclosure is reduced under quantitative control while maintaining the isolation, and It is intended to improve the efficiency of cardiopulmonary function obtained by lowering the oxygen concentration in the room or the closed space and staying in the room or the closed space and conducting training, as well as examining the living condition of the organism. The metabolic measurement system according to item 1.   The fluid in the second partial space of the enclosure is supplied with useful molecules to the organism in the room or closed space, without impairing the closeness of the room or closed space. By increasing the concentration of the molecule in the first part space under quantitative control, and thereby increasing the availability to the organism in the room or the closed space, to the inside of the room or the closed space The metabolic measurement system according to claim 1, which restores, maintains or improves the vitality of the existing organism.   The membrane is made of a material set so as to reduce the diffusion constant to the molecule of interest, and the concentration of specific gas molecules emitted from the organism is increased to improve the detection accuracy and examine the biological condition of the organism. The metabolic measurement system according to any one of Items 1 to 7.   With the living body inside a room or a closed space constituting an isolated closed system without exchange as mass flow of fluid between the outside world and the inside, the living body is non-contacting and non-invasive with respect to the living body. A metabolic measurement method for measuring the metabolism of the above-mentioned organism by measuring environmental and / or biological information including oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration at least inside the room or closed space of the body.