JP2019071824A - Plant cultivation device - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To realize a plant cultivation device that has a simple structure, allows easy replacement and drying of soil after use, allows easy replacement of used soil with new soil, and can create an environment suitable for plant growth. [Solution] A cultivation bed 1, a waterproof sheet 2 laid over the cultivation bed 1, a water retention sheet 3 laid over the cultivation bed 1, a support material 4 placed on the water retention sheet, and their support. The soil receiving sheet 5 is provided with a soil receiving sheet 5 laid on top of the material 4, culture soil 6 laid on top of the soil, and a lid 7 placed on top of the soil receiving sheet 5, through which the roots of the plants 12 pass. The thickness of the cultivated soil 6 is such that it can be removed from the cultivation bed 1 along with the soil receiving sheet 5, and the lid 7 is plate-shaped and has many rows of cultivation holes 13 into which seedlings can be inserted vertically and horizontally. To provide a plant cultivation device equipped with a nutrient solution passageway for flowing a nutrient solution inside a waterproof sheet 2. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus having both hydroponic cultivation and soil cultivation.

  Plant cultivation methods mainly include soil cultivation and hydroponic cultivation. Hydroponic cultivation is a cultivation method of cultivating plants with an aqueous solution (nutritional solution) in which nutrients are dissolved, and is also referred to as hydroponic cultivation.

  Hydroponic culture has the advantage of not using continuous soil because it does not use soil, it is suitable for house cultivation because it does not use soil, and it is difficult to be influenced by the climate if house cultivation is used. And there is also a problem that root crop plants can not be cultivated by hydroponic culture because they are expensive to use.

  In soil cultivation, plant roots absorb oxygen, moisture, and fertilizer from the soil, so it is not necessary to use special equipment or precise management such as hydroponic culture, but especially in summer, so that the plants do not wither. There is a problem that it is necessary to perform irrigation (watering) frequently, and also to pay attention to the continuous crop failure and the like.

  In order to solve the said problem, there exists the cultivation method which combined hydroponic cultivation and soil cultivation as a cultivation method which utilized the merit of hydroponic cultivation and soil cultivation conventionally (patent documents 1-3).

  Although the inventions of Patent Documents 1 to 3 have advantages of both hydroponic culture and soil culture, there have been drawbacks such that replacement of the culture soil after plant cultivation is troublesome, and the structure is complicated.

JP 2003-38035 A JP 2004-222552 A Patent No. 4901835

  The present invention is a plant cultivation apparatus having both hydroponic cultivation and soil cultivation, which is simple in structure, easy to replace the used soil after use, easy to dry, and easy to replace the used culture with the new one, It is an object of the present invention to realize a plant cultivation apparatus in which nutrients required for the growth of the plant easily spread throughout the plant cultivation area.

  The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention comprises: a cultivation bed, a waterproof sheet laid on top of it, a water retention sheet laid on top of it, a support material placed on the water retention sheet, and those supports The soil receiving sheet laid on top of the timber, the soiling soil laid on it, and the lid laid on it, the soil receiving sheet through which plant roots pass, the thickness of the soiling is The soil receiving sheet is an amount that can be taken out from the bed, the lid is plate-like, and many rows of cultivation holes into which the seedlings can be inserted in the vertical and horizontal directions are opened. A nutrient solution passage through which a nutrient solution can flow is formed by the sheet. The laying thickness of the culture soil can be set to 1 to 10 mm. The soil receiving sheet is supported by the support material so that a space is secured between the water holding sheet and the soil receiving sheet.

The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) When a nutrient solution is allowed to flow in the nutrient solution passage, the nutrient solution is held by the water holding sheet and held in the soil, so that it is a plant cultivation apparatus having both hydroponic cultivation by the nutrient solution and soil cultivation by the cultivation soil.
(2) Since the soil can be fertilized, nutrient supplementation through the soil and nutrient supplementation from the nutrient solution can be performed, so nutrient supplement suitable for plant cultivation can be performed.
(3) Since the soil receiving sheet passes through the roots of plants, the roots can be stretched to the nutrient passage under the soil receiving sheets, and nutrients can be absorbed from both the culture soil and the nutrient solution so that the plants grow. Will be better.
(4) Since the soil receiving sheet is present, the nutrient solution can be easily spread over the soil receiving sheet, and all the plants being grown are replenished with nutrients.
(5) Since the amount of laying soil on the soil receiving sheet is small, the soil receiving sheet can be taken out of the bed together with the soil receiving sheet, and the taken out soil can be placed in the space under the cultivation bed together with the soil receiving sheet Since the dried soil can be taken out from under the bed together with the soil receiving sheet and laid in the bed, it is possible to easily change the soil.
(6) Since there is a support under the soil receiving sheet, even if the soil receiving sheet slackens, it is supported by the supporting material and does not adhere to the water retaining sheet, and a space is secured between it and the water retaining sheet. As a result, the temperature rise of the nutrient solution can be suppressed, and the decrease in dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution can be prevented. By the way, the nutrient solution flowing in the nutrient solution passage of hydroponic culture becomes high temperature under the influence of the outside temperature in the high temperature period (for example, summer), and the dissolved oxygen of the nutrient solution decreases when it becomes high temperature, root rot etc. Although growth disorders occur and leaves may wither and may not be shipped in the case of leafy vegetables, the present invention with a support can also prevent such disorders.
(7) When the supporting material is water-absorbent, even if the amount of nutrient solution flowing through the nutrient solution passage on the water holding sheet is small, the supporting material absorbs water and the nutrient solution is supplied to the root.

Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the plant cultivation apparatus of this invention. Partial explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the plant cultivation apparatus of this invention.

  An example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an example of the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention. The plant cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is disposed on the cultivation bed 1, the waterproof sheet 2 laid on top of it, the water retention sheet 3 laid on top of it, and the water retention sheet 3 at an interval. The support 4, the soil receiving sheet 5 laid on the support 4, the soil 6 laid on the soil sheet 5, and the lid 7 laid on the soil 6 are provided.

[Cultivation bed]
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view in the width direction of one cultivation bed 1. One cultivation bed 1 is in the shape of a bowl having a width of about 90 cm and a length of several meters. Although one cultivation bed 1 is shown by FIG. 1, the cultivation bed 1 of the plant cultivation apparatus of this invention is arranged side by side in several rows. Arbitrary numbers are arrayed in the length direction to have a length of several tens of meters. Each cultivation bed 1 is bowl-shaped with side edges 9 one step higher than the bottom surface 8 on both sides in the width direction of the bed bottom 8. It is desirable that the cultivation bed 1 be lightweight. The material is preferably expanded polystyrene.

[Mount]
The cultivation bed 1 is placed on a gantry 10. The lateral width dimension, the vertical dimension, the material, the structure, the strength and the like of the gantry 10 can be the same as the existing pedestal of this type. The height is a height at which the plant cultivation work is easy, for example, the height of the waist of the worker.

[Waterproof sheet]
The waterproof sheet 2 is laid over the cultivation beds 1 continuously arranged in the length direction to cover the seams in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 1 so that the nutrient solution does not leak from the seams, so that waterproofness is provided. A suitable vinyl sheet is suitable. Both widthwise end portions 2 a of the waterproof sheet 2 are covered from the bottom surface 8 of the cultivation bed 1 to above the side edges 9, and the inside of the waterproof sheet 2 serves as a nutrient solution passage 11 through which nutrient solution flows.

[Water holding sheet]
The water-retaining sheet 3 is preferably a cloth sheet or non-woven fabric capable of containing a nutrient solution. The water retaining sheet 3 is laid on the waterproof sheet 2. The water-retaining sheet 3 has the widthwise end portions 3 a housed inside the waterproof sheet 2.

[Support material]
The supporting material 4 is on the water holding sheet 3 and can support the soil receiving sheet 5. The support material 4 can be used which can absorb or not absorb the nutrient solution. For example, urethane, rock wool, styrofoam, gravel, coconut husk, etc. can be used. The shape can be made into arbitrary shapes, such as block shape and rod shape. The size can also be arbitrary. When the support material 4 is gravel, a coconut shell, etc., it can also be laid on the whole surface on the water holding sheet 3 like FIG.

[Earth receipt sheet]
The soil receiving sheet 5 is for laying the soil 6 and has a structure that allows the roots of the plant 12 to pass and the soil 6 does not spill out, for example, a sheet such as a fine mesh sheet or nonwoven fabric, a general purpose cut sheet or Root cut mesh is suitable. The soil receiving sheet 5 is in the shape of a bath sheet and is placed on a large number of supports 4 disposed below it. The soil receiving sheet 5 has the widthwise end portions 5 a covered on the widthwise end portions 2 a of the waterproof sheet 2. By using the soil receiving sheet 5, it is possible to stretch until the roots come in contact with the nutrient fluid flowing in the nutrient solution passage 11, but it is possible not to stretch in the entire nutrient solution passage 11. If the whole area of the nutrient solution passage 11 is stretched, removal of the plant 12 from the lid 7 is troublesome, the inside of the nutrient solution passage 11 may be clogged with roots, and the flow of the nutrient solution may be stagnant. Not desirable. Even if the soil receiving sheet 5 sags and hangs down by the weight of the soil 6, since the soil receiving sheet 5 is on the support 4, a space 15 is secured between the soil receiving sheet 5 and the water retaining sheet 3 Air permeability in the passage 11 is secured.

[Moratory soil]
The culture soil 6 is a general-purpose culture soil for soil cultivation and is a culture soil containing other components. The laying amount is an amount which can be taken out from the cultivation bed 1 together with the soil receiving sheet 5, and although depending on the size of the cultivation bed 1, the thickness is about 1 to 10 mm, preferably about 3 to 5 mm. Powdered oyster shell powder, roasted mackerel, charcoal, and other organic calcium can also be sprayed onto the soil 6 as a supplement. These adjuvants may be any one type, or two or more types. These adjuvants may be mixed into the soil 6.

[lid]
The lid 7 is a general-purpose lid for hydroponic culture, and is a plate made of expanded polystyrene. A large number of rows of cultivation holes (transplantation holes) 13 are opened in the lid 7 at predetermined intervals in the width direction and the length direction. The cultivation hole 13 is for inserting and transplanting the whole of the rootstock 14 with the seedlings grown in the nursery pot prepared separately.

[Cultivation method]
In order to grow a plant using the plant growing apparatus of the present invention, for example, it can be performed as follows.
The nutrient solution is supplied to the nutrient solution passage 11 formed by laying the waterproof sheet 2 on the cultivation bed 1 in the same manner as general-purpose hydroponic cultivation. The nutrient solution is supplied from one longitudinal end (upstream side) of the cultivation bed 1 and naturally flows to the other longitudinal end (downstream side) of the cultivation bed 1 by the downward gradient of the cultivation bed 1. The amount of nutrient solution can be adjusted according to the growth condition of the plant. The flowing nutrient solution is held by the water holding sheet 3 and does not leak. In the case where the support 4 is water-absorbent, even a small amount of nutrient solution is absorbed by the soil receiving sheet 5 through the support 4. In addition, the soil receiving sheet 5 is supported by the supporting member 4 so that it is difficult to adhere to the water retaining sheet 3 and a space 15 is secured between the soil receiving sheet 5 and the water retaining sheet 3 to ensure air permeability. And the lack of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution is also prevented. The root of the seedling transplanted to the cultivation hole 13 passes through the soil receiving sheet 5 with the growth of the plant and protrudes into the nutrient solution passage 11. However, since the soil receiving sheet 5 has a root cutting effect, it protrudes more than necessary The flow of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution passage 11 is not inhibited. In addition, since the nutrient solution is absorbed by the soil receiving sheet 5 and spreads easily to the whole of the soil receiving sheet 5, the nutrient solution spreads over all the plants transplanted in the many cultivation holes 13, and the survival of all plants is improved. . Not only the nutrients contained in the nutrient solution but also the nutrients contained in the culture soil 6 are absorbed, so that the growth of the plant is improved.

  The grown plants 12 are removed from the cultivation holes 13 of the lid 7 and harvested. At this time, since the roots of the plant 12 are not grown more than necessary, it is easy to remove from the cultivation hole 13 and the harvesting operation becomes easy.

  After the harvest is over, the lid 7 is removed and the soil receiving sheet 5 is removed. At this time, the periphery of the bathbed-like soil receiving sheet 5 can be held by hand to wrap the soil 6 with the soil receiving sheet 5 so that the soil 6 can be removed together. The soil receiving sheet 5 removed is placed under the gantry 10 while being covered with the soil 6 and dried to prepare for reuse. It is desirable that the soil receiving sheet 5 be washed and dried, and then reused, from the viewpoint of contamination treatment, dust scattering prevention, weight reduction, and the like. It is desirable from the aspect of sterilization, pest control, weight reduction, etc. that the culture soil 6 is dried and then reused. The inside of the cultivation bed 1 from which the soil receiving sheet 5 has been removed is also cleaned and prepared for the next use.

  In the cultivation bed 1 after cleaning, the cultivated soil previously dried under the gantry 10 is laid on the supporting material 4 while wrapped in the soil receiving sheet 5, and the cultivated soil 6 is leveled to a substantially uniform thickness, and the next Prepare for the porting of

  By repeating the above, plants can be cultivated repeatedly without leaving the plant cultivation device for a long time.

  The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention can also be used to cultivate ornamental plants, flowers and other plants besides edible plants, for example, leafy vegetables.

Reference Signs List 1 cultivation bed 2 waterproof sheet 2a width direction both ends 3 water holding sheet 3a width direction both ends 4 support material 5 soil receiving sheet 5a width direction both ends 6 soiling 7 Lid 8 Bottom side (of cultivation bed) 9 Side edge (of cultivation bed) 10 Mounting frame 11 Nutrient passage 12 Plant 13 Cultivation hole 14 Root pot 15 Space

Claims (4)

In a plant cultivation apparatus that combines hydroponic cultivation and soil cultivation,
Cultivated bed, tarpaulin laid on top of it, water-retaining sheet laid on top of it, supporting material placed on the water-holding sheet, soil laid on those supporting materials A receiving sheet, a culture soil laid on it, and a lid laid on it,
The soil receiving sheet passes through the roots of plants,
The laying thickness of the culture soil is an amount that can be taken out of the cultivation bed together with the soil receiving sheet,
The lid has a plate shape, and many rows of cultivation holes into which the seedlings can be inserted in the vertical and horizontal directions are opened.
A nutrient solution passage for feeding nutrient solution is provided inside the waterproof sheet.
A plant cultivation apparatus characterized by In the plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1,
The soil receiving sheet is a root cutting sheet,
A plant cultivation apparatus characterized by In the plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The laying thickness of the culture soil is 1 to 10 mm,
A plant cultivation apparatus characterized by The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
There is an air-permeable space between the support placed on the water-retaining sheet and the soil-receiving sheet placed on the support
A plant cultivation apparatus characterized by

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