JP2019066757A - Image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

To make it possible to make uniform the resolution on a display surface of an image display device.SOLUTION: There is provided an image display device comprising: a light scanning unit that scans light emitted from a light source unit; a parallel light generation unit that converts the scanned light into substantially parallel light; a prism that deflects the substantially parallel light; and a light direction changing unit that changes the direction of travel of the deflected light, wherein the prism reduces a difference in length between light paths of the light beams from the light source unit to the light direction changing unit compared with a predetermined value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display device.

  Technologies for displaying better images on image display devices have been actively developed. For example, in the head-up display, which is a type of image display device, a technology capable of displaying a clearer image by correcting chromatic aberration of light emitted from a light source with a prism is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. It is disclosed.

Patent No. 2897182

  However, with the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 or the like, the resolution on the display surface of the image display device can not be made uniform. More specifically, in the image display apparatus, a difference occurs in the optical path length of each light until the light emitted from the light source passes through the predetermined optical system and reaches the display surface. In addition, even in the case of light having strong directivity and seemingly propagating straight like a laser beam, a phenomenon occurs in which the beam diameter is once narrowed as it propagates and then gradually spreads. Therefore, when laser light is used, a difference occurs in the optical path length of each laser light incident on the display surface, and the beam diameter of each laser light on the display surface is different, so that the resolution is not uniform.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved image display device capable of making resolution on a display surface uniform. It is.

  In order to solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a light scanning unit that scans light emitted from a light source unit, a parallel light generation unit that converts the scanned light into substantially parallel light, and A prism for refracting parallel light, and a light redirecting unit for changing the traveling direction of the refracted light, wherein the prism has an optical path length of each light from the light source unit to the light redirecting unit. An image display device is provided, which makes the difference smaller than a predetermined value.

  According to this aspect, it is possible to make the optical path length difference of each light from the light source unit to the light direction changing unit smaller than a predetermined value. Thereby, the difference in beam diameter in the light direction changing unit can be made smaller than a predetermined value (in other words, the difference in resolution of the display image can be made smaller than a predetermined value).

  The prism may be a wedge prism.

  The optical path length difference may be changed according to the apex angle of the wedge prism.

  The material of the prism may be glass or resin.

  The light scanning unit may include a MEMS mirror.

  The parallel light generation unit may include a parabolic mirror.

  The parallel light generator may include a condenser lens.

  The light redirecting portion may include a reflective grating element on the surface.

  The light redirecting portion may include a reflective optical element having a rectangular prism shape on the surface.

  The light redirecting portion may include a reflective optical element having a prism shape on the surface.

  The light direction changing unit may include a reflective optical element having a cylindrical shape on the surface.

  The light redirecting portion may include a reflective optical element having a parabolic shape on the surface.

  The light redirecting portion may include a reflective optical element having a surface shape in which spherical concave lenses are arranged in an array.

  The light redirecting portion may include a reflective optical element having a surface shape in which concave lenses of a paraboloid are arranged in an array.

  The light may be laser light.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to make the resolution on the display surface of the image display device uniform.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the conventional image display apparatus. It is a figure explaining the change of the beam diameter of a laser beam. FIG. 16 is a table showing a specific example of the relationship between the incident angle θ of laser light to the grating element 30, the maximum optical path length difference ΔOP of laser light, and the difference in beam diameter in a conventional image display device. It is a figure showing an example of composition of image display device 100 concerning an example of the present invention. It is a figure showing an example of composition of image display device 100 concerning an example of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a table showing a specific example of the relationship between the incident angle θ of laser light on the grating element 150, the maximum optical path length difference ΔOP of laser light, and the apex angle of the wedge prism 110. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example when the condenser lens 131 is used instead of the parabolic mirror 130. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example when the condenser lens 131 is used instead of the parabolic mirror 130. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example in case the image display apparatus 100 is a head-up display. It is a figure which shows the structural example in case the image display apparatus 100 is a head-up display. It is a figure explaining the variation of a light direction change part as a modified example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the variation of a light direction change part as a modified example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the variation of a light direction change part as a modified example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the variation of a light direction change part as a modified example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the variation of a light direction change part as a modified example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the variation of a light direction change part as a modified example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the variation of a light direction change part as a modified example of this invention.

  The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. In the present specification and the drawings, components having substantially the same functional configuration will be assigned the same reference numerals and redundant description will be omitted.

<1. Background>
First, the background of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that there is a conventional image display apparatus provided with a micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) mirror 10, a parabolic mirror 20, and a grating element 30.

  The MEMS mirror 10 is a member for scanning a combined laser beam of laser beams of respective colors (for example, red light, green light, blue light and the like) to the grating element 30 which is a reflective screen. Thus, the MEMS mirror 10 can display a display image on the surface of the grating element 30.

  More specifically, the MEMS mirror 10 is disposed at the focal position of the parabolic mirror 20, and the laser light emitted from the MEMS mirror 10 is reflected by the parabolic mirror 20 and enters the grating element 30. At this time, when light emitted from the focal position of the parabolic mirror 20 is reflected at each point on the parabolic mirror 20, the traveling direction of each reflected light is substantially parallel to the optical axis 21 of the parabolic mirror 20. Have. Reflected light which is substantially parallel to each other is incident on the grating element 30 from an oblique direction, and the traveling direction is changed by the grating element 30 in the substantially front direction of the grating element 30. The laser beam whose traveling direction has been changed by the grating element 30 is transmitted to the eye of the user via a predetermined optical system, whereby the user can visually recognize the display image. In FIG. 1, it is assumed that the grating element 30 is a plate-like element having a square or rectangular surface. Further, it is assumed that the incident angle of the laser light to the grating element 30 is expressed as θ.

  Here, in the image display device shown in FIG. 1, the difference in the resolution of the display image occurs due to the difference in optical path length of the laser light. More specifically, the optical path length of the laser beam reflected at point A on parabolic mirror 20 and incident on end point a of the surface of grating element 30 is reflected at point B on parabolic mirror 20, and The optical path length of the laser light incident on the end point b is longer by ΔOP. For example, when the length V from the end point a to the end point b is 83.2 [mm] and the incident angle θ is 50.0 [deg], the optical path length difference ΔOP is calculated to be about 63.735 [mm] by the following equation 1. Ru.

  Also, even if the light has strong directivity and looks seemingly propagating straight like laser light, as shown in FIG. 2, the beam diameter is once narrowed as it propagates, and then it spreads little by little. Phenomenon occurs. Here, the position where the beam diameter is most narrowed is called "beam waist", and the beam diameters before and after the beam waist are approximated to be similar to each other. The beam diameter at the beam waist is assumed to be Wo.

  In order to increase the resolution of the display image generated on the surface of the grating element 30 as much as possible, each optical system needs to be adjusted so that the beam waist is located on the surface of the grating element 30. It is assumed that the beam waist is adjusted to be located at the center point c of the surface of the grating element 30 (the center point between the end point a and the end point b). In other words, since the beam diameter at the central point c is Wo, the resolution of the display image at the central point c is the highest. On the other hand, the beam diameters at the end points a and b separated from the central point c by ΔOP / 2 become W larger than Wo as shown in FIG. Thereby, the resolution of the display image at the end point a and the end point b is lower than the center point c. The same applies to the case where the beam waist is located at a point other than the center point c. As the distance from the center point c increases, the beam diameter increases, and the resolution of the display image decreases.

  Here, the beam diameter Wo at the beam waist in the case of assuming an ideal Gaussian beam is calculated by the following equation 2. Then, the beam diameter W at the end point a and the end point b separated from the beam waist by ΔOP / 2 is calculated by the following equation 3. In Equation 2, λ represents the wavelength of the laser light.

  Here, FIG. 3 is a table showing a specific example of the relationship between the incident angle θ, the maximum optical path length difference ΔOP, the beam diameter Wo calculated by Equation 2, and the beam diameter W calculated by Equation 3. It is. For example, it is assumed that laser light is incident on the grating element 30 such that the incident angle θ is 7.7 [deg]. In this case, the maximum optical path difference ΔOP is 11.171 [mm], the beam diameter Wo at the beam waist is 0.061 [mm], and the beam diameter W at the point separated from the beam waist by ΔOP / 2 is 0.086 [mm] ]. As the incident angle θ is larger, the difference in beam diameter on the surface of the grating element 30 is larger, and the displayed image is more unclear. The beam diameter Wo and the beam diameter W in FIG. 3 are calculated by substituting a predetermined value (approximately 523 [nm]) for the wavelength λ in Equation 2.

  The inventor of the present invention has made the present invention in view of the above circumstances. In the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention, a light scanning unit (for example, the MEMS mirror 10 in the above) that scans light emitted from a light source and a parallel light generation unit (for example, A parabolic mirror 20), a wedge prism for refracting substantially parallel light, and a light direction changing unit (for example, the grating element 30 in the above) for changing the traveling direction of the refracted light; The prism makes the optical path length difference of each light substantially zero (or smaller than a predetermined value). By this, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can make the difference of the beam diameter in the light direction changing part substantially zero (or smaller than a predetermined value). For example, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can unify the beam diameter in the light redirecting unit to the beam diameter Wo at the beam waist. Therefore, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can unify the resolution of the display image to a value as small as possible. Hereinafter, details of the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

<2. Example>
Above, the background of the present invention has been described. Subsequently, examples of the present invention will be described.

  The image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes, for example, a head-up display, a head-mounted display, a projector, and the like, but is not limited thereto, and may include any image display apparatus 100. Hereinafter, the case where the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention is a head-up display will be described as an example.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes a wedge prism 110, a MEMS mirror 120, a parabolic mirror 130, a flat mirror 140, and a grating element 150. The wedge prism 110 is provided between the parabolic mirror 130 and the plane mirror 140.

(MEMS mirror 120)
The MEMS mirror 120 is a member that functions as a light source unit that emits combined laser light of laser light of each color (for example, red light, green light, blue light, and the like). The MEMS mirror 120 also functions as a light scanning unit that scans the emitted laser light by driving along two axes in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. As described above, the MEMS mirror 120 can project a display image on the grating element 150 in the subsequent stage. In the present embodiment, although the case where the MEMS mirror 120 is used is described as an example, a member capable of emitting laser light other than the MEMS mirror 120 may be used. Also, a member capable of emitting some light other than the laser light may be used. The light scanned by the MEMS mirror 120 is incident on the parabolic mirror 130.

(Parabolic mirror 130)
The parabolic mirror 130 is a member that functions as a parallel light generation unit that converts the light scanned by the MEMS mirror 120 into substantially parallel light. As described above, when light emitted from the focal position of the parabolic mirror 130 is reflected at each point on the parabolic mirror 130, the traveling direction of each reflected light is parallel to the optical axis of the parabolic mirror 130. Have. Therefore, by disposing the MEMS mirror 120 at the focal position of the parabolic mirror 130, the light emitted from the MEMS mirror 120 is reflected on the parabolic mirror 130 and becomes substantially parallel light.

  If the light emitted from the MEMS mirror 120 can be made into substantially parallel light, members other than the parabolic mirror 130 may be used. For example, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a condenser lens 131 may be used instead of the parabolic mirror 130. Also, of course, instead of the parabolic mirror 130, a collimator lens may be used. The laser beams substantially parallel to each other enter the wedge prism 110.

(Wedge prism 110)
The wedge prism 110 is a member that refracts the light reflected by the parabolic mirror 130. Thereby, the wedge prism 110 can make the optical path length difference of each light from the MEMS mirror 120 to the grating element 150 substantially zero (or smaller than a predetermined value). More specifically, the optical path length L in the wedge prism 110 is given by the following equation 4 by the path length D in the wedge prism 110 (in other words, the actual length of light passing) and the refractive index n of the wedge prism 110: It is calculated.

  In other words, if the wedge prism 110 has a refractive index n greater than 1, then the optical path length L will be longer than the path length D. In this embodiment, using this principle, the installation positions of the respective members so that the difference between the optical path lengths (air-converted optical path lengths) becomes substantially zero (or smaller than a predetermined value) for each laser beam. The installation angle and the apex angle of the wedge prism 110 are determined.

  Here, FIG. 6 is a table showing a specific example of the relationship between the incident angle θ of laser light on the grating element 150, the maximum optical path length difference ΔOP, and the apex angle of the wedge prism 110. For example, when the length V from the end point of the surface of the grating element 150 to another end point is 83.2 [mm] and the incident angle θ of the laser light to the grating element 150 is 50.0 [deg], The maximum optical path difference ΔOP is 63.735 [mm]. The apex angle of the wedge prism 110 which makes the optical path difference ΔOP substantially zero is determined to 57.15 [deg]. In addition, FIG. 6 is an example to the last, and each value changes with the installation position, installation angle, etc. of each member.

  In addition, if the refractive index is larger than 1, the material of the wedge prism 110 is not particularly limited. For example, the material of the wedge prism 110 may be glass or resin. Glass tends to have an Abbe number larger than that of a resin. Therefore, by using glass as a material of the wedge prism 110, it is possible to reduce the difference in refractive index caused by the difference in wavelength of laser light. In addition, glass also has a feature of being easily processed into a flat surface as compared to a resin.

  Also, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the wedge prism 110 is a so-called triangular prism having a triangular prism shape, and it is assumed that the apex angle is not a right angle, but it is not limited thereto. More specifically, so-called right-angle prisms whose apex angles are at right angles may be used, as long as the difference in optical path length of each laser beam can be made substantially zero (or made smaller than a predetermined value). A prism having a polyhedral shape may be used.

  The laser beam transmitted through the wedge prism 110 is incident on the plane mirror 140.

(Plane mirror 140)
The flat mirror 140 is a member that reflects the laser beam transmitted through the wedge prism 110 and causes the laser beam to enter the grating element 150. The flat mirror 140 reflects the substantially parallel laser light transmitted through the wedge prism 110 and makes the laser beam enter the grating element 150 while maintaining the substantially parallel state. By using the flat mirror 140, laser light can be appropriately incident on the surface of the grating element 150.

(Grating element 150)
The grating element 150 is a member that has a predetermined concavo-convex pattern on its surface, and functions as a light direction changing unit that changes the traveling direction of the laser light reflected by the flat mirror 140 by a diffraction phenomenon. For example, in the grating element 150, the slit spacing and the aspect ratio are determined such that the traveling direction of the first-order diffracted light is substantially in the front direction of the grating element 150.

  The material of the grating element 150 is not particularly limited. For example, on the surface of the grating element 150, a wire grid that forms a predetermined concavo-convex pattern may be used. Further, the method of manufacturing the grating element 150 is not particularly limited.

(Other configuration)
As shown in FIG. 9, the image display apparatus 100 according to this embodiment includes a combiner 160, which is a semitransparent screen, and a predetermined optical system 161 for causing a laser beam to be incident on the combiner 160, in the subsequent stage of the grating element 150. May be provided. Thereby, the image display apparatus 100 can function as a head-up display. The combiner 160 displays a virtual image using a laser beam incident through a predetermined optical system 161, and the user can visually recognize the virtual image.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment may include a diffuser 162 between the grating element 150 and a predetermined optical system 161. Thus, the laser light incident from the grating element 150 forms an image on the diffuser 162, so that the diffuser 162 functions as a secondary imaging surface. Then, by diffusing the incident laser light, the diffuser 162 can expand a viewing area which is an area in which the display image can be viewed. The configurations shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are merely examples, and the arrangement of the combiner 160, the predetermined optical system 161, and the diffuser 162 may be changed as appropriate.

  The configuration described above is merely an example, and the configuration of the image display apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the example. For example, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment may not include the flat mirror 140. More specifically, if each laser beam can be incident on the surface of grating element 150 at a predetermined incident angle θ (and if the difference in optical path length of each laser beam is substantially zero), flat mirror 140 is omitted. May be

  In addition, as described above, the present invention can be applied to any image display device 100 other than the head-up display. For example, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can also function as a projector by providing a projection optical system downstream of the grating element 150. As described above, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can function as an arbitrary image display apparatus 100 by providing an optional optical system in the rear stage of the grating element 150.

<3. Modified example>
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. Subsequently, as a modification of the present invention, a variation of the light direction changing unit will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 17.

  FIG. 11 shows the reflection-type grating element 150 described above as a light direction changing unit. As described above, the grating element 150 is provided with a wire grid or the like that forms a predetermined uneven pattern on the surface. The spacing and aspect ratio of the slits in the concavo-convex pattern are determined such that the traveling direction of the first-order diffracted light is substantially in the front direction of the grating element 150. The traveling direction of the laser light changed by the grating element 150 is not limited to the substantially front direction of the grating element 150, and may be appropriately changed according to the specification of the image display device 100.

  FIG. 12 shows a reflection type optical element 151 having a right-angled prism shape on the surface as a light redirecting portion. More specifically, the optical element 151 is an element provided on the surface with a shape in which a plurality of right-angle prisms are arranged so that the base angle is directed substantially in the front direction of the light redirecting portion. The optical element 151 can change the traveling direction of the laser beam to a predetermined one direction by reflecting the laser beam on the slope formed on the surface.

  FIG. 13 shows a reflective optical element 152 having a prism shape on the surface as a light redirecting portion. More specifically, the optical element 152 is an element provided on the surface with a shape in which a plurality of triangular prisms are arranged such that the apex angle is directed substantially in the front direction of the light redirecting portion. The optical element 152 can change the traveling direction of the laser beam to a predetermined one direction by reflecting the laser beam on the slope formed on the surface.

  FIG. 14 shows a reflection-type optical element 153 having a cylindrical shape on the surface as a light direction changing part. More specifically, the optical element 153 is an element whose surface has a shape in which a part of the side surface of a cylinder is cut off (also referred to as “cylindrical shape”). The optical element 153 can change the traveling direction of the laser beam by reflecting the laser beam on the cylindrical surface. Further, since the optical element 153 has a cylindrical shape on the surface, the reflected laser beam travels (scatters) in a plurality of directions depending on the position at which the laser beam is reflected. Accordingly, the optical element 153 can enlarge the viewing area as in the diffuser 162 described above.

  FIG. 15 shows a reflective optical element 154 having a parabolic surface on the surface as a light redirecting portion. More specifically, the optical element 154 is an element having an arbitrary parabolic shape on the surface. The optical element 154 can change the traveling direction of the laser beam by reflecting the laser beam on the surface of the paraboloid shape. Further, since the optical element 154 has a parabolic shape on the surface, the reflected laser beam travels (scatters) in a plurality of directions depending on the position at which the laser beam is reflected. Therefore, as with the optical element 153, the optical element 154 can also expand the viewing area.

  FIG. 16 shows a reflective optical element 155 having a surface shape in which spherical concave lenses are arranged in an array as a light redirecting portion. The optical element 155 can change the traveling direction of the laser beam by reflecting the laser beam on the surface. Further, since the optical element 155 has a surface shape in which spherical concave lenses are arranged in an array, the reflected laser light travels (scatters) in a plurality of directions depending on the position at which the laser light is reflected. Therefore, as with the optical element 153, the optical element 155 can also expand the viewing area.

  FIG. 17 shows, as a light redirecting portion, a reflective optical element 156 having a surface shape in which parabolic concave lenses are arranged in an array. The optical element 156 can change the traveling direction of the laser light by reflecting the laser light on the surface. Further, since the optical element 156 has a surface shape in which concave lenses of a paraboloidal surface are arranged in an array, the reflected laser beam travels (scatters) in a plurality of directions depending on the position at which the laser beam is reflected. . Therefore, as with the optical element 153, the optical element 156 can also expand the viewing area.

  In addition, the concave lens-shaped surface of the paraboloid has a property of collecting light at a focal position by reflecting substantially parallel light. That is, since the laser light reflected by the concave lens-shaped surface of the paraboloid is always collected at the focal position of each paraboloid, the second focal plane is generated by the collection of focal positions of each paraboloid. Thereby, the image display apparatus 100 can cause the user to perceive that the display image is projected from the plurality of focal planes. In other words, the image display apparatus 100 can also realize 3D display by controlling the display content in time series in accordance with the direction in which the laser light is reflected by the optical element 156.

  In addition, the material and manufacturing method of each member used as a light direction change part which were demonstrated with reference to FIGS. 11-17 are not specifically limited.

<4. Summary>
As described above, in the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention, the light scanning unit that scans the light emitted from the light source, the parallel light generation unit that makes the scanned light substantially parallel light, and the substantially parallel light A wedge prism for refracting the light and a light redirecting unit for changing the traveling direction of the refracted light are provided, and the wedge prism makes the optical path length difference of each light substantially zero (or from a predetermined value) Make it smaller). By this, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can make the difference of the beam diameter in the light direction changing part substantially zero (or smaller than a predetermined value). For example, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can unify the beam diameter in the light redirecting unit to the beam diameter Wo at the beam waist. In other words, the image display apparatus 100 according to the present invention can unify the resolution of the display image to the smallest possible value.

  Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious that those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can conceive of various changes or modifications within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. Of course, it is understood that these also fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Image display apparatus 110 Wedge prism 120 MEMS mirror 130 Parabola mirror 131 Condenser lens 140 Plane mirror 150 Grating element 151 Reflective optical element having a right angle prism shape on the surface 152 Reflective optical element having a prism shape on the surface 153 on the surface Reflective optical element having a cylindrical shape 154 Reflective optical element having a paraboloid shape on the surface 155 Reflective optical element having a surface shape such that spherical concave lenses are arranged in an array form 156 Parabolic surface Reflective optical element having a surface shape in which concave lenses are arranged in an array form 160 combiner 161 predetermined optical system 162 diffuser

Claims (15)

A light scanning unit that scans light emitted from the light source unit;
A parallel light generation unit that makes the scanned light substantially parallel light;
A prism for refracting the substantially parallel light;
And a light redirecting unit that changes the traveling direction of the refracted light,
The prism makes an optical path length difference of each light from the light source unit to the light direction changing unit smaller than a predetermined value.
Image display device. The prism is a wedge prism,
The image display device according to claim 1. The optical path length difference changes according to the apex angle of the wedge prism.
The image display device according to claim 2. The material of the prism is glass or resin.
The image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The light scanning unit includes a MEMS mirror.
The image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The parallel light generation unit includes a parabolic mirror.
The image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The parallel light generator includes a condenser lens.
The image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The light redirecting portion comprises a reflective grating element on the surface,
The image display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The light redirecting portion comprises a reflective optical element having a rectangular prism shape on the surface,
The image display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The light redirecting portion comprises a reflective optical element having a prismatic shape on its surface.
The image display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The light direction changing unit includes a reflective optical element having a cylindrical shape on the surface.
The image display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The light redirecting portion comprises a reflective optical element having a parabolic shape on the surface.
The image display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The light redirecting portion includes a reflective optical element having a surface shape in which spherical concave lenses are arranged in an array.
The image display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The light redirecting portion includes a reflective optical element having a surface shape in which concave concave lenses of a paraboloid are arranged in an array.
The image display apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The light is laser light,
The image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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