JP2019041669A - A method to inhibit the flight behavior of Lepidoptera pests to fruit and vegetable cultivation facilities by synthetic ultrasound - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To provide a new technology that can be used regardless of region and is effective in controlling the common squirrel. SOLUTION: A method for suppressing the flying of Japanese scallop to fruit and vegetable cultivation fields using synthetic ultrasonic waves having acoustic parameters shown in the following a) to c): a) Broadband noise having a constituent frequency of 10 to 80 kHz (A synthesized frequency of 10 to 80 kHz, not a single frequency) b) Pulse length 2 to 9 ms c) Inter-pulse interval (length of silent part between pulses) 35 to 170 ms . [Selection figure] None

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the flight behavior of male and female adults of the mustard spiny which is an important pest of fruits and vegetables by synthetic ultrasound, and a method for reducing the damage to fruits and vegetables due to the same species using such inhibition.

  Methods of controlling pests include methods based on chemical control, physical control and agricultural control, and chemical control using an insecticide is the mainstream.

  For example, methods of pest control utilizing behavioral control have the advantage of not being accompanied by the problem of drug resistance which is a universal problem in chemically synthesized insecticides, and the problem of adverse effects on human bodies, the environment and non-target organisms. Therefore, such a method is an environmentally-friendly pest control that substitutes for drugs, which has long been required socially from the emergence of pests that are resistant to drugs, and the increasing emphasis on environment and food safety and security. Contributing to the development of technology.

  There is also considerable economic loss from pests that damage fruits and vegetables. Where such pests include lepidopteran pests, the leafminer is an important pest that harms a wide range of fruits and vegetables. For this reason, the mustard spinach is targeted for control in fruit and vegetable cultivation, but from the viewpoint of maintaining biodiversity and food safety, it is also necessary to develop an environmental protection type control technology.

Under the above background, a control material which does not load the environment is being developed, and a communication disrupter using synthetic sex pheromone and a control lamp using yellow LED light are examples.
However, communication disrupters using high concentrations of synthetic sex pheromone are limited in the species that can be applied due to the high production cost. In addition to preventing the use of yellow LED lights in the western Japan, it has a problem that it attracts the fruit tree stink bug (Glossia stink bug) and does not exert its effect depending on the covering material of the cultivation facility.

  For the lepidopteran pests that damage fruits, attempts have also already been made to control methods using ultrasonic waves (patent documents 1 to 5, non-patent documents 1 to 3). Among these, patent documents 1 to 4 and non-patent documents 1 to 2 relate to ultrasonic waves that mimic the ultrasonic waves emitted by bats. Patent Document 4 describes a method for controlling fruit suckers characterized by providing an ultrasonic mesh which is a barrier to the flight of fruit suckers in order to prevent damage to the fruit suckers in the orchard. ing.

  For pest control in fruit cultivation, ultrasonic waves with a constituent frequency of 40 kHz, pulse length of 8 to 10 ms and pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz (= 12 to 10 ms interval between pulses) are used to cause fruit damage to fruits. It has succeeded in suppressing the flight to the peach garden by adults of suckling yaga (Akebiko Noha, Akaeghriba, Himeegliba etc.) (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, about Noga moths such as peach moth, an important insect pest of peach fruits, chestnut berry fruits, corn pest moths, and persimmon pests moths, the composition frequency 40 to 80 kHz, pulse length 20 to 35 ms, interval between pulses (pulse It is known that the flight behavior of adults can be significantly inhibited by ultrasonic waves of 20 to 30 ms and a sound pressure of 100 dB SPL or more (measurement distance 5 cm; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa). (Patent Document 7; Non-Patent Documents 3, 7 and 8). With regard to Norimu Madarai, which is a stored grain pest, it rejects ultrasonic waves with a constituent frequency of 40 to 60 kHz, pulse length of 20 to 40 ms, pulse interval of 30 to 50 ms, and sound pressure of 80 to 90 dB SPL (measurement distance 1 m). It is reported that it does (patent document 8).

  In the United States, attempts have been made for more than 50 years to reduce the damage by presenting synthetic ultrasound at night to corn and cotton lepidopterous insects (Aedes spp. Non Patent Literature 4; Non Patent Literature 5; Non Patent Literature 6). Although a method of reproducing the ultrasonic waves (pulse length of around 5 ms) of the recorded bat has also been tested, it has not been effective in suppressing the flight (Non-patent Document 2).

  Lotus cutworm is highly sensitive to behavioral responses to ultrasound with a frequency of 25 to 40 kHz (Non-patent Document 9). In addition, ultrasonic pulses with a configuration frequency of 40 kHz, pulse length of 5 ms, pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz (= 15 ms interval between pulses) are easily repelled, and to induce this, 75 dB SPL or more The need for sound pressure has been reported. However, in order to maintain this sound pressure around a field etc., it is necessary to install an ultrasonic wave generator at intervals of 5 to 8 m, and it is considered that the practicability at the present time is not high from the viewpoint of the number of installation Non Patent Literature 10).

As described above, although attempts have been made to use an ultrasonic wave to control a lepidopteran pest, particularly a lepidopteran pest that damages a fruit, these existing techniques do not sufficiently satisfy the practicality.
In addition, most of the lepidopterous insects acquire an auditory organ to avoid predation from bats, and generally, when ultrasonic waves are detected, they exhibit actions such as flight and cessation of walking and sudden turning while flying. On the other hand, in order to increase the predator efficiency, bats fight against the behavior of the above mentioned lepidopteran pests by emitting a sound which is difficult to detect by the lepidopteran insect which is the main food resource. Therefore, it may not be possible to effectively induce repellent behavior of Lepidoptera simply by imitating the ultrasonic waves emitted by bats. This is also true for the mustard yoto.

  Therefore, there is a need for different methods for controlling the mustard moth, which is a pest that harms fruits and vegetables.

JP, 2011-205981, A JP 2008-48717 A Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2003-304797 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-127947 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-63045 JP, 2013-51925, A JP, 2014-143997, A JP, 2015-228288, A Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-197952

Koike, "Development of hair damage prevention technology for fruit trees using ultrasonic waves," Plant Protection, October 2008, Vol. 62, No. 10, p. 549-552 Gillam et al., 2011, Southwest. Nat., 56: 103-133 Nakano, "Action control technology using ultrasonic waves in lepidopteran pests", Plant Protection, June 2012, Vol. 66, No. 6, p. 300-303 Belton & Kempster, 1969, Entomo1. Exp. App1., 5: 281-288 Payne & Shorey, 1968, J. Econ. Entomo 1., 61: 3-7 Agee & Webb, 1969, J. Econ. Entomo 1., 62: 1322-1326 Nakano R, Ihara F, Mishiro K, Toyama M, Toda S. (2014) Double meaning of courtship song in a moth. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 281: 20140840. Nakano R, Ihara F, Mishiro K, Toyama M, Toda S. (2015) High duty cycle pulses suppress orientation flights of crambid moths. J. Insect Physiol. 83: 15-21. Watanabe Masao (2013) Examination of ultrasonic application effect to agricultural pests. Scientific research fund subsidy project (Academic research subsidy fund subsidy) research result report. Enami Yoshinari, Shigehisa Shigehisa, Doi Shinya, Mizukami Tomotomo, Tanaka Toshiyuki, Yoshida Takanobu. (2014) The effect of ultrasound on courtship behavior (fluttering) of Japanese mustard. Kansai disease journal 56: 115-116.

Under the background as described above, there is a need for the development of novel techniques that can be used anywhere in the region to control fruit crops that affect lepidoptera.
In the mustard moth, larvae injure various crops such as vegetables, flowers and fruit trees, and chemically synthesized insecticides are used for its main control. However, in addition to the fact that adults fly from abroad every year and their sensitivity to insecticides is low except for eggs and young larvae, their control is not easy. Furthermore, with the warming of the climate, an extension of the damage period is reported, and there is concern about an increase in the amount generated.
Chemical synthetic insecticides to reduce agricultural chemical application efforts and reduce the development of insecticide resistance in pests, as well as efforts to reduce agricultural chemicals in recent years and interest in environmental protection and efforts to export agricultural products. There is a social demand for development of alternative pest control techniques. For example, a communication disrupter impregnated with a high concentration of synthetic sex pheromone has been marketed and inhibits mating of the cutworm cocoon in the range in which the agent is placed. However, the spider has a high ability to fly, and females mated outside the effective range of the agent fly in, so the damage can not be suppressed significantly.
In addition, yellow and green lamps for suppressing behavior by causing light adaptation to the nocturnal stunt eye are becoming popular especially in flower cultivation and fruit cultivation. However, in order to exert the control effect, it is necessary to install a protective lamp widely, and the successful cases are limited to the area established in a wide area in cooperation with a large scale farmer or a neighboring farmer. Although attention has been focused on techniques for controlling lepidopteran pests using synthetic ultrasound, ultrasonic pulses that are repelled by field populations of the important insect pest have not been scrutinized so far.

The synthetic ultrasound used in the prior art is based on the time structure (pulse length and inter-pulse spacing) and frequency components of the ultrasound pulses emitted by bats, which are the main predators of nocturnal birds. Phytopodids and Nodids have a pulse length and pulse interval of about 20 to 30 ms, respectively. Fruit-sucking Yagatsu has a pulse length of 8 to 10 ms, an inter-pulse interval of 12 to 10 ms, and Yotogosa has a pulse length of It is said that ultrasonic pulses composed of a single frequency of 25 to 80 kHz are avoided at a pulse interval of 5 ms and a pulse interval of 5 ms. In order to avoid predation from bats, lepidopteran insects exhibit behavior such as stopping of flight and walking, and sudden turning while flying when ultrasonic waves are detected. However, the time structure of ultrasonic pulses emitted by bats that feed on Lepidoptera insects is not single, but varies greatly depending on the bat species, the distance to the bait, and the size of the bait. In addition, different lepidopteran species have different behavioral patterns for avoiding predation from bats.
Therefore, in order to identify the ultrasonic pulse that is most repelled, various combinations of pulse length and inter-pulse interval are presented for each species of lepidopteran pests to be controlled, and comprehensively the presence or absence of repellent behavior is tested. There is a need. There are only a few prior studies on ultrasonic pulses that are effective for Hasmonia spp. (Patent Document 9 and the like). In particular, there is a lack of data on acoustic parameters that are easily repelled by field populations, and among ultrasound pulses composed of a single frequency, only repellent behavior to a small number of combinations of pulse length and inter-pulse interval is analyzed. It is. Therefore, in order to apply synthetic ultrasound as an economically practicable pest control technology, that is, in order to reduce the number of installed devices for generating ultrasonic waves that are repellent to the moth, it is necessary to It was thought that it was necessary to clarify the parameters of the ultrasonic pulse that induced maximal action.

The present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, by using materials which have not been studied so far, they are one of the important insect pests among the lepidopterous insect pests that damage fruits and vegetables. The inventors have found that there is a possibility that the behavior of a certain lotus root can be suppressed more efficiently than in the past, and as a result of further studies, the present invention has been completed.
More specifically, since the spider spider flies from outside the cultivation field or the garden onto the host plant body at the time of egg laying, if it inhibits the flight behavior associated with egg laying by more effective ultrasonic pulses, We focused on the ability to reduce damage efficiently.

That is, the present invention relates at least to the following inventions:
(1)
Method of deterring the penetration of Cassava spp. Into fruit and vegetable cultivation fields using synthetic ultrasound having the acoustic parameters shown in a) to c) below:
A) Wide band noise with a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz (instead of a single frequency, ultrasonic waves with a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz are synthesized)
B) Pulse length 2 to 9 ms
C) Interval between pulses (the length of the silent portion between pulses) 35 to 170 ms.
(2)
Synthetic ultrasonic wave as acoustic parameter d) Sound pressure 60 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method according to (1) above, further comprising
(3)
The method according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the synthetic ultrasound has one, two or three of the following as acoustic parameters:
A) Wideband noise with a configuration frequency of 20 to 70 kHz b) Pulse length 3 to 6 ms
C) Interval between pulses (the length of the silent portion between pulses) 60 to 100 ms.
(4)
The method according to the above (3), wherein the synthetic ultrasound has one, two or three of the following as acoustic parameters:
A) Broadband noise with a composition frequency of 20 to 50 kHz b) Pulse length 6 ms
C) Interval between pulses (length of silent part between pulses) 94 ms.
(5)
Synthetic ultrasonic wave as acoustic parameter D) Sound pressure 66 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method according to any one of (2) to (4) above.
(6)
Synthetic ultrasound is an acoustic parameter "A") Wideband noise with a composition frequency of 20 to 50 kHz B "Pulse length 6 ms
C) Pulse interval (the length of the silent part between pulses) 94 ms
D) Sound pressure 66 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method according to (5) above, comprising
(7) Synthetic ultrasonic waves as acoustic parameters D) Sound pressure 78 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the target individual; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method according to (6) above, comprising
(8)
A method of controlling a mustard longhorn in a field of growing fruit and vegetables, comprising inhibiting the flight of the longhorn longhorn to the field by the method according to any one of the above (1) to (7).

  The present invention is a method of using an ultrasonic pulse that is highly repelled by the lotus root to suppress flight and invasion to crops by efficiently inhibiting the flight behavior of this species. Heretofore, in the control technology using synthetic ultrasonic waves for a lepidopteran pest, the worm worms imitate the ultrasonic pulse emitted during feeding. On the other hand, in the present invention, while Hasmochi yoto has not shown much stopping of flight for such ultrasonic pulses, it has a broad band noise of 10 to 80 kHz and a pulse length of 2 to 9 ms. The new knowledge obtained by the present inventors is that the behavior is significantly suppressed and the flight is stopped by the ultrasonic pulse with a pulse interval of 35 to 170 ms.

According to the method of the present invention, the lepidopteran pest which harms fruits and vegetables can be controlled with higher efficiency than the conventional method.
The ultrasonic waves that inhibit the behavior of the spider mustard are already known as described in some of the above-mentioned documents. However, what is described in the respective documents is that the behavior of the same male individual is inhibited by the ultrasonic waves emitted by bats and the male ultrasonic waves, and the female behavior is inhibited by the ultrasonic waves of the same male. Is not known. On the other hand, the method of the present invention inhibits not only male and female flight / invasion behavior and mating behavior but also flight behavior prior to laying of already mated females. Therefore, inhibition of oviposition on crops suppresses the damage to crops caused by hatched larvae and larvae whose development stage has advanced, and more efficiently inhibits the growth of the subsequent generations. Therefore, the method of the present invention has an advantage over the prior art.
In addition, in the method for controlling Spodoptera soda by ultrasonic waves in the prior art, in order to maintain the sound pressure necessary for control around in a field etc., an ultrasonic wave generator must be installed at intervals of 5 to 8 m. On the other hand, according to the method of controlling Hessonia spp. Of the present invention, since it is possible to control with smaller sound pressure, it is possible to control the scalyn moth by the installation number of ultrasonic wave generating devices smaller. The use of noise is proposed in Patent Document 9 as an ultrasonic pulse that induces the repellent behavior of the lotus root. On the other hand, the present invention aims at clarifying the parameters of the ultrasonic pulse that maximally induces the repellent behavior of the lotus root, and the component frequency, pulse length as the parameters of the ultrasonic pulse that induces the repellent behavior of the lotus root. And the characteristics of the inter-pulse interval are clarified by repeating various tests, and it has come to be able to more efficiently induce the repellent behavior of the lotus root. Also, the above-described parameters of ultrasonic pulses used in the present invention and their combinations are not described in the same document. For example, the wide band noise of 10 to 80 kHz in the present invention is a combination of ultrasonic waves of 10 to 80 kHz. On the other hand, the component frequencies of the noise used in the method described in Patent Document 9 are all different from 10 to 80 kHz. That is, since the present invention is different from the invention described in Patent Document 9 in any of the objects, configurations, and effects of the invention, the present invention is not the same invention as the invention described in the same document.

It is a figure which shows the example of the time structure of the synthetic | combination ultrasonic wave suitably used in the method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the examination result of the effect confirmation by a broadband noise, and a pulse length and the space | interval between pulses. Based on the results of the test conducted earlier (Fig. 2A), the test results were developed focusing on the ultrasonic pulse (pulse length 5 ms, repetition rate 10 Hz (= interval between pulses 95 ms)) which induced repellent behavior at a high rate FIG. It is a figure which shows the examination result of sound pressure. It is a figure which shows the result of having investigated the effect with respect to female adults (a). b is a figure which shows the frequency of the egg-laying start by the female adult after mating, for every time. It is a figure which shows the result of having investigated the effect with respect to a male adult. b is a figure which shows the frequency which a male adult starts mating with a female adult for each time. It is a figure which shows the result of having investigated the control effect which the method of this invention shows with respect to a weevil welt by a model test.

The present invention is based on a method of determing the cassava weeping into the field for growing vegetables and vegetables using synthetic ultrasound having the following specific acoustic parameters:
Method of deterring the penetration of Cassava spp. Into fruit and vegetable cultivation fields using synthetic ultrasound having the acoustic parameters shown in a) to c) below:
A) Wide band noise with a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz (instead of a single frequency, ultrasonic waves with a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz are synthesized)
B) Pulse length 2 to 9 ms
C) Interval between pulses (the length of the silent portion between pulses) 35 to 170 ms.
The pulse repetition rate and the sound pressure can be increased as other acoustic parameters, and in the method of the present invention, if the synthetic ultrasonic waves have the acoustic parameters of the above a), b) and c), others such as the pulse repetition rate and the sound pressure There are no particular limitations on the acoustic parameters of and any conventional one in the art can be used.

"Wide band noise" is white noise or equivalent having all frequency components in the bandwidth up to the intermediate frequency of sampling frequency when synthesizing sound by software etc., and the constituent frequency for each pulse is the same. It is good.
An example of the time structure of the broadband ultrasonic pulse used in the method of the present invention is shown in FIG. The pulse length in this example is 6 ms, the inter-pulse interval is 94 ms, and the pulse repetition rate (number of pulses per second) is 10 Hz.

  The component frequency of the synthetic ultrasonic wave used in the method of the present invention is a broad band noise having a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz (not a single frequency, but an ultrasonic wave having a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz is synthesized) Although it is not particularly limited as long as it is), 20 to 70 kHz is preferable as a component frequency of synthetic ultrasonic waves, and 20 to 50 kHz is more preferable. By adopting these preferable wide-band noises, it is possible to more efficiently suppress the flying of the lotus root.

  The pulse length of the synthetic ultrasonic wave used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is 2 to 9 ms as described above, and 3 to 6 ms is preferable as the pulse length of synthetic ultrasonic wave, and 4 to 6 ms is more preferable. , 6 ms is even more preferable. In addition, the expression of a single value such as “6 ms” in the present specification includes a value including a certain error as well as the value. These preferred pulse lengths also provide a more efficient deterrent effect against the coming of the lotus root.

  The interval between pulses (the length of the silent part between pulses) used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is 35 to 170 ms as described above, preferably 60 to 100 ms, 70 to 95 ms is more preferred, and 94 ms is even more preferred. With these preferred inter-pulse intervals, a more efficient deterrent effect against the flying of the lotus root can be achieved.

  The inter-pulse interval of the synthetic ultrasound may be adjusted according to the pulse length. For example, in the method of the present invention, synthetic ultrasonic waves having a pulse length of 6 ms and a pulse interval of 94 ms are preferred, and in synthetic ultrasonic waves having a pulse length shorter than the preferred pulse length, the pulse interval is longer than 94 ms. Is preferable from the viewpoint of the deterrent effect of flight.

The synthetic ultrasonic waves used in the method of the present invention are not particularly limited in the other acoustic parameters as long as they have the acoustic parameters of the above a), b) and c), but the sound pressure is a certain range or value. Thus, an even more excellent effect can be achieved.
For example, the sound pressure of synthetic ultrasound is preferably 60 dB SPL or more (sound pressure at the position of the target individual; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa), 66 dB SPL (sound pressure at the position of the target individual; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa) is also preferred. 72 dB SPL (Sound pressure at the position of the subject individual: 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa) or more is more preferable, and 78 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the subject individual; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa) is more preferable, 84 Even more preferred is dB SPL or higher (sound pressure at the position of the subject individual; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa). The method according to the invention with a sound pressure of 90 dB SPL (sound pressure at the position of the subject individual; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa) is most preferred.
By setting the sound pressure to 78 dB SPL or more, flight stop can be induced efficiently.

  It should be noted that in certain pests, detecting ultrasound temporarily halts reproduction-related behavior, but it has been found that the continuous presentation of ultrasound reduces its effect. By setting the pulse interval of ultrasonic waves to the above-mentioned interval, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of the above-mentioned “familiarity”.

Preferred is the method of the present invention in which two or more of the acoustic parameters of ultrasonic waves are a combination of the above preferred ranges, and preferred is the method of the present invention in which the synthetic ultrasonic waves have one, two or three of the following as acoustic parameters: :
A) Wideband noise with a configuration frequency of 20 to 70 kHz b) Pulse length 3 to 6 ms
C) Interval between pulses (the length of the silent portion between pulses) 60 to 100 ms.

Also preferred is the method of the present invention wherein the synthetic ultrasound has one, two or three of the following as acoustic parameters:
A) Broadband noise with a composition frequency of 20 to 50 kHz b) Pulse length 6 ms
C) Interval between pulses (length of silent part between pulses) 94 ms.

According to the method of the present invention, the synthetic ultrasonic wave is used as an acoustic parameter d) sound pressure 66 dB SPL or more (sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
Also preferred is the method of

In the method of the present invention, the time for which synthetic ultrasonic waves consisting of a group of pulses continue to be generated is not particularly limited, and 0.5 seconds to 5 seconds are exemplified.
In the method of the present invention, the number of continuous generation of synthetic ultrasonic waves consisting of a group of pulses is not particularly limited, and may be 10 or more times per hour. It is preferable that the generation of the synthetic ultrasonic waves be continuously performed for the entire period in which the flying of the lotus root should be suppressed.

In the method of the present invention, the synthetic ultrasonic wave is used as an acoustic parameter “a”) Wideband noise with a component frequency of 20 to 50 kHz b) “Pulse length 6 ms
C) Pulse interval (the length of the silent part between pulses) 94 ms
D) Sound pressure 66 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
Is preferable because it can induce the repellant behavior of the adult wormworm moth more reliably. Of these methods,
D) Sound pressure 78 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method which is is more preferable because it can more reliably deter the flight behavior of the adult worm moth.

  Further, the present invention relates to a method for controlling Spodosia cactus L. in a fruit and vegetable cultivation field, which comprises inhibiting flying of Spodosia clover to the cultivation garden by any of the methods described above. This method is intended to reduce the density of Hasmonia spp inhabiting the field by inhibiting the flying of the Spodosia cactus to the field by any of the methods described above. In the present control method, preferred methods among the methods for inhibiting the above-mentioned flight can be suitably used.

More specifically, an ultrasonic wave output device is installed outside the field around the field, and the object pest can be controlled by inhibiting the insects from coming in and entering the field. The type of output device to be installed is not particularly limited.
The number of output devices to be installed may be appropriately determined according to the size of the field.

  For example, female adults and male adults of the lotus root spider fly flying to a specific time zone, and female adults after mating of the lotus root spider fly mostly to the crop only for 2 hours after the start of the dark period. Therefore, it is preferable to output ultrasonic waves during this time zone to enable similar labor-saving and efficient control, and output ultrasonic waves for two hours from twilight under outdoor sunshine conditions. Is preferred.

  Among the methods of the present invention, a method in which the spawning behavior of female adults of the common cutworm is applied by the applied synthetic ultrasound is preferred because it contributes more efficiently to the control of the common cutworm. Further, among the methods of the present invention, a method in which the applied synthetic ultrasonic waves inhibit the reaction of the male adult worm moth to female pheromone is preferable because it contributes more efficiently to the control of the spider moth.

The time zone during which the female adult releases the sex pheromone to attract the adult male is also species specific. Therefore, it is preferable to output ultrasonic waves in this time zone.
For example, female adult worms of the hornworm, Spodoptera nirvosa, release sex pheromone mainly in the early dark period. Therefore, in the same type of control, it is preferable to output ultrasonic waves in this time zone.

  Generally, when ultrasonic waves are presented constantly to a lepidopteran pest, the control effect is reduced by getting used to the sound. Therefore, it is more preferable to combine the method of outputting the ultrasonic wave only when flying to the lotus root and the method of the present invention which is less likely to cause "condiction" to the ultrasonic of the lotus root.

In the control method of the present invention, the time for which synthetic ultrasonic waves consisting of a group of pulses continue to be generated is not particularly limited, and 0.5 seconds to 5 seconds are exemplified.
In the control method of the present invention, the number of continuous generation of synthetic ultrasonic waves consisting of a group of pulses is not particularly limited, and may be 10 or more per hour. It is preferred that the generation of the synthetic ultrasound be continuous throughout the entire period to control the Spodoptera litura.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. These examples do not limit the invention in any way.
[Example 1] Confirmation of effect by broadband noise and examination of pulse length and inter-pulse interval- (Materials and method)
Output of synthetic ultrasound pulse with the following parameters at sound pressure of 90 dB SPL for 2 seconds at the position of the target individual, and the behavior of the adult spider spider (16 unmated males, 13 unmapped females, 17 already-mapped females) The presence or absence of reaction and the mode of reaction (flight stop, turning) were examined:
A) Wideband noise with a component frequency of 0 to 96 kHz (not a single frequency, but a sound wave with a component frequency of 0 to 96 kHz synthesized. Of these, due to the characteristics of the speaker, the frequency actually output Among the components, the wide band noise of 20 to 70 kHz with a large sound pressure is mainly tested, that is, the wide band noise of 20 to 70 kHz was effective when the effect on the behavior of the lotus root was effective. Will be shown)
B-1) Pulse length 6 ms
C) Pulse interval (the length of the silent part between pulses) 94 ms (pulse repetition rate 10 Hz = 10 pulses per second)
D) Sound pressure 66 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the target individual; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa).
About noise, it was what synthesize | combined on software the white noise which contains uniformly the whole frequency of 0-96 kHz.
● (Result)
As a result, the ultrasonic pulse of a specific pulse length and inter-pulse interval was able to stop the flight of the adult spider spider spider at a rate of 60% or more. Depending on the combination, the flight could be stopped at a high rate of 90% or more (FIGS. 2A and B).

The results were in more detail as follows.
The combination shown in the tenth bar from the left in FIG. 2A (pulse length 5 ms, pulse interval 95 ms (the pulse length is increased by 1 ms and the pulse interval is shortened by 1 ms for the time structure shown in FIG. 1) In the above)), the flight stopping rate was 80%.
On the other hand, the 12th (pulse length 5 ms, pulse interval 20 ms) bar from the left, 13th (pulse length 5 ms, pulse interval 7.5 ms) bar, 24th (pulse length 20 ms, pulse interval) In the combination shown by the 30 ms bar and the 29th (pulse length 40 ms, inter-pulse interval 10 ms) bar, the rate of stopping the flight was low.
The combination shown in the tenth bar from the left (pulse length 5 ms, inter-pulse interval 95 ms) showed a higher effect than continuous sound. That is, it was revealed that when synthetic ultrasonic waves having a pulse length of about 5 ms are generated at a specific interval, a high flight stopping effect can be obtained on the lotus root.

Next, a test in which the pulse length and the inter-pulse interval are further developed centering on the ultrasonic pulse (pulse length 5 ms, repetition rate 10 Hz (= 95 ms inter-pulse interval)) having high flight stopping effect shown in FIG. It is a result. The results are shown in FIG. 2B.
In almost all the test examples, a flight stop rate of 60% or more was shown, and the effect was observed in ultrasonic pulses with a pulse length of 2 to 9 ms and a pulse interval of 35 to 170 ms.
In particular, in the combination shown by the bars from the left fourth to eighth and 14th (corresponding to ultrasonic pulses with a pulse length of 5 to 6 ms and an interval between pulses of 70 to 100 ms), the behavior was more significantly suppressed .

[Example 2] Examination of sound pressure One of the synthetic ultrasonic pulses shown in Example 1 (pulse length 6 ms, inter-pulse interval 94 ms) is output for 2 seconds at sound pressure of 60 to 90 dB SPL, The presence or absence of an adult reaction and the mode of reaction (flight stop, turning) were examined. Specifically, a small clip suspends the back of the abdomen of a long-horned adult beetle (8 unmated males, 8 unmated females, 8 existing females), and in a flying state, it has 6 types of sound pressure super from the front We examined the reaction in the behavior when the sound pulse was presented, and the difference in the effect on the lotus root by the difference in the magnitude of the sound pressure.
As a result, repellent reaction was induced at sound pressure of 60 dB SPL or more. That is, the turning of the flight was induced at a sound pressure of 60 dB SPL or more, and the stopping of the flight was significantly induced at a sound pressure of 78 dB SPL or more (FIG. 3).
In addition, 100% repulsion was induced at a sound pressure of 66 dB SPL or more. On the other hand, in the prior art (non-patent document 10), 75 dB SPL or more is required. Therefore, according to the present invention, it was considered possible to control Hessonia bestow with a pulse of sound pressure smaller than the pulse in the prior art.

[Example 3] Examination of the effect on female adults The synthetic ultrasonic pulse (pulse length 6 ms, inter-pulse interval 94 ms) shown in Example 1 was used with 90 dB SPL sound pressure (measurement distance 10 cm). We investigated the effect of Hasmune yoto on adult mating females.
A 10 cm long, 10 cm wide adhesive plate placed on the windward side of a wind tunnel (length 66 cm, diameter 11.5 cm, wind velocity 0.25 cm / sec) when outputting the above-mentioned synthetic ultrasound for 10 minutes, and fresh green leaf leaf The 10-minute flying rate (trapping rate) of female adults (female adults mated the day before, 2 to 4 x 4 to 5 repeats) was examined.
As a result, the flight behavior to the host plant (strawberry) for egg laying by already inbred individuals among adult Hasumon gossock females was significantly suppressed by comparison with the untreated area (a in FIG. 4).
In addition, when one female each mated on the previous day was introduced into a plastic cup and the time of egg laying was examined at 1 hour intervals, 75% of adult females of the common cutworm moth, after mating, began laying eggs at 2 hours after sunset (B in FIG. 4). Therefore, since it is thought that female adults of the common hornworm mustard fly to the host plant positively in 2 hours after sunset, labor-saving and efficient control can be performed by outputting ultrasonic waves during this period Possibility was shown.

[Example 4] Examination of the effect on a male adult The synthetic ultrasonic pulse (pulse length 6 ms, inter-pulse interval 94 ms) shown in Example 1 is output for 10 minutes with 90 dB SPL sound pressure (measurement distance 10 cm) did. More specifically, using the same wind tunnel as in Example 3 and using 0.1 female equivalents of the sex pheromone compound of female adult worms of Scutellaria spp. I checked the rate of flight.
As a result, the flight behavior to the sex pheromone substance for mating by male adults of Spodoptera litura was significantly suppressed in comparison with the untreated area (a in FIG. 5).
Furthermore, when 5 to 10 pairs of unmating male and female were introduced into the 30 cm square mesh cage just before the dark phase and the time of mating (crossing) was examined, 80% or more of the mating pair mated in 2 hours after sunset Started (Fig. 5b). Therefore, it is considered that adult males of the spider syllabus go out positively to female adults 2 hours after sunset, so it is possible to output energy-saving ultrasonic waves during this time, which can save labor and achieve efficient control. It was done.

[Example 5] Examination of control effect by model test Ground-planting 32 seedlings of the host plant strawberry which is the host plant in the field net room, a long mesh cage (length 140 cm, height 45 cm, width 45 cm) The short side of the plant was placed in contact with the strawberry seedlings. Female adults of the post-coccal hornworm moth were released out of the mesh cage on the opposite side to the strawberry seedlings (6-9 × 5-6 replicates). The synthetic ultrasound pulse (pulse length 6 ms, inter-pulse interval 94 ms) shown in Example 1 in the mesh chamber is directed from the strawberry seedling toward the mesh cage at a sound pressure of 84 dB SPL (measurement distance 10 cm). The output was continued for 17 hours at night, and the localization toward the host plant in the mesh cage was counted.
As a result, of the female adult worms of Spodoptera frugiperda, the localization to the host plant (strawberry) for egg laying by already mated individuals was significantly less than that in the non-treated area (FIG. 6).
That is, according to the method of the present invention, it has been shown that the invasion of the adult lotus rootworm to host plants is suppressed, and the same kind of control is possible.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the flight of the lepidopteran pest that harms fruits and vegetables, which is a lepidopteran pest, with a higher efficiency than the conventional method, and to provide a better control method for the mustard lepidopteran. Therefore, the present invention greatly contributes to the development of the pest control industry and the fruit and vegetable cultivation industry and their related industries.

Claims (8)

Method of deterring the penetration of Cassava spp. Into fruit and vegetable cultivation fields using synthetic ultrasound having the acoustic parameters shown in a) to c) below:
A) Wide band noise with a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz (instead of a single frequency, ultrasonic waves with a component frequency of 10 to 80 kHz are synthesized)
B) Pulse length 2 to 9 ms
C) Interval between pulses (the length of the silent portion between pulses) 35 to 170 ms. Synthetic ultrasonic wave as acoustic parameter d) Sound pressure 60 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method of claim 1, further comprising: The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the synthetic ultrasound has one, two or three of the following as acoustic parameters:
A) Wideband noise with a configuration frequency of 20 to 70 kHz b) Pulse length 3 to 6 ms
C) Interval between pulses (the length of the silent portion between pulses) 60 to 100 ms. The method according to claim 3, wherein the synthetic ultrasound has one, two or three of the following as acoustic parameters:
A) Broadband noise with a composition frequency of 20 to 50 kHz b) Pulse length 6 ms
C) Interval between pulses (length of silent part between pulses) 94 ms. Synthetic ultrasonic wave as acoustic parameter D) Sound pressure 66 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, which comprises Synthetic ultrasound is an acoustic parameter "A") Wideband noise with a composition frequency of 20 to 50 kHz B "Pulse length 6 ms
C) Pulse interval (the length of the silent part between pulses) 94 ms
D) Sound pressure 66 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of the object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method according to claim 5, comprising: Synthetic ultrasonic wave as acoustic parameter D) Sound pressure 78 dB SPL or more (Sound pressure at the position of target object; 0 dB SPL = 20 μPa)
The method according to claim 5, comprising:   A method of controlling Spodoptera litura in a field for cultivating fruits and vegetables, comprising inhibiting flying of the Spodosia clover to the field by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.