JP2018202074A - Medical bioabsorbable member and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Medical bioabsorbable member and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical class [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 calcium chelate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O XAAHAAMILDNBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000392 octacalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YIGWVOWKHUSYER-UHFFFAOYSA-F tetracalcium;hydrogen phosphate;diphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YIGWVOWKHUSYER-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 claims description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005336 magnesium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004337 magnesium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002538 magnesium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013918 magnesium diglutamate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940063886 magnesium glutamate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JFQQIWNDAXACSR-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium malate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O JFQQIWNDAXACSR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940096424 magnesium malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940057948 magnesium stearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- MYUGVHJLXONYNC-QHTZZOMLSA-J magnesium;(2s)-2-aminopentanedioate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC([O-])=O MYUGVHJLXONYNC-QHTZZOMLSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H trimagnesium dicitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229940095079 dicalcium phosphate anhydrous Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 9
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- CVPJXKJISAFJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-A nonacalcium;magnesium;hydrogen phosphate;iron(2+);hexaphosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Fe+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CVPJXKJISAFJDU-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052591 whitlockite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014497 Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2C3CC=CC3C1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、生体内での溶解時期を調整する耐食性被膜にてマグネシウム又はマグネシウム合金からなる基材の表面が覆われてなる医療用生体吸収性部材に関し、より詳しくは、各種ステント、ミニプレート、スキャホールドなどの医療用生体吸収性デバイスに関する。 The present invention relates to a bioabsorbable member for medical use in which the surface of a base material made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy is covered with a corrosion-resistant coating that adjusts the time of dissolution in vivo, and more specifically, various stents, miniplates, The present invention relates to a medical bioabsorbable device such as a scaffold.
マグネシウム材は、体液のような塩化物イオンを含む溶液中で腐食し、消失すること、およびマグネシウムの生体為害性が低いこと、およびポリ乳酸のような生分解性高分子よりも強度が高いことから、医療用生体吸収性金属材料としての応用が検討されている。生体吸収性材料は、患部が治癒するまでの期間は周囲組織に加わる荷重を支えるために強度を保持し、患部が治癒した後には溶解、吸収されて消失する材料である。したがって、生体吸収性部材においては、埋入後の任意の期間にわたって必要な強度を保持するために、必要な期間にわたって腐食が抑制されていることが求められる。 Magnesium material corrodes and disappears in solutions containing chloride ions such as body fluids, and is less harmful to magnesium, and higher in strength than biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid Therefore, application as a bioabsorbable metal material for medical use is being studied. The bioabsorbable material is a material that retains strength to support a load applied to surrounding tissues until the affected area is healed, and dissolves and is absorbed after the affected area is healed. Therefore, in the bioabsorbable member, it is required that corrosion is suppressed over a necessary period in order to maintain a necessary strength for an arbitrary period after implantation.
生体吸収性デバイスに要求される強度保持期間は、デバイスの種類や患部の状態に応じて、長短の非常に広い範囲にわたる。例えば骨折固定材の場合、骨折が治癒するまでの3ヶ月から1年の期間はデバイスが荷重を支持し、その後デバイス全体の分解が8ヶ月から5年の期間でほぼ終了することが望まれる。しかし、生体内で3ヶ月以上腐食が抑制されうるマグネシウム材は開発されていない。また、所望の腐食抑制期間と強度を兼ね備えたマグネシウム材の開発を、合金組成や合金組織制御により達成するのは非常に困難である。そこで、必要な機械的特性を有するマグネシウム材表面に耐食性被膜を形成することで、生体内で腐食が抑制されている期間を長くすることが求められている。また、長期間にわたって埋入する場合、耐食性被膜には高い生体適合性も求められる。 The strength retention period required for the bioabsorbable device ranges from a very long and short range depending on the type of the device and the state of the affected part. For example, in the case of a fracture fixing material, it is desired that the device supports the load for a period of 3 months to 1 year until the fracture is healed, and then the disassembly of the entire device is almost completed in a period of 8 months to 5 years. However, a magnesium material that can suppress corrosion for 3 months or more in vivo has not been developed. In addition, it is very difficult to achieve the development of a magnesium material having a desired corrosion inhibition period and strength by controlling the alloy composition and the alloy structure. Therefore, it is required to extend the period during which corrosion is suppressed in the living body by forming a corrosion-resistant film on the surface of the magnesium material having the necessary mechanical properties. Moreover, when it embeds over a long period of time, a high biocompatibility is also required for the corrosion resistant coating.
アパタイト結晶は生体内環境のような中性塩類溶液中での熱力学的安定性が比較的高いリン酸カルシウムであることから、表面被膜中に存在させることによって基材の耐食性を向上できると考えられる。また、アパタイト結晶は骨の成分であることから、基材の生体適合性を向上できると考えられる。
しかし、マグネシウムはアパタイトの結晶化を阻害する元素であるために、マグネシウム材表面に水溶液中で直接アパタイトを析出させるのは困難と考えられてきた。本発明者らは、このような従来の課題を解決して、マグネシウム材表面にアパタイト結晶を主成分とする被膜を直接に析出させた材料、およびアパタイト結晶を主成分とする被膜を作製する水溶液および作製方法を提案している(特許文献1参照)。
Since the apatite crystal is calcium phosphate having a relatively high thermodynamic stability in a neutral salt solution such as an in vivo environment, it is considered that the corrosion resistance of the substrate can be improved by being present in the surface coating. Further, since the apatite crystal is a bone component, it is considered that the biocompatibility of the base material can be improved.
However, since magnesium is an element that inhibits crystallization of apatite, it has been considered difficult to deposit apatite directly on the surface of the magnesium material in an aqueous solution. The inventors of the present invention have solved the above-described conventional problems, and a material in which a film mainly composed of apatite crystals is directly deposited on the surface of the magnesium material, and an aqueous solution for producing a film mainly composed of apatite crystals. And a manufacturing method has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、特許文献1に開示された被膜は水酸アパタイト(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2、HAp)を主成分とする被膜である。水酸アパタイトは骨の成分であり生体適合性は高いが、生体内環境でも化学的に安定なため、比較的長期間生体内に残ることが報告されている(非特許文献2参照)。
即ち、特許文献1に開示された製造方法で製造された水酸アパタイト被覆マグネシウム合金をマウス皮下に16週埋入したところ、アパタイト被膜はほとんど溶解することなく残存していた。他方で、残存被膜が砕けて粒子状になると、免疫系細胞を誘導して炎症を起こす可能性がある。そこで、医療用生体吸収性部材として安全・安心な生体適合性を確保するためには、被膜も溶解・消失することが必要とされている。
However, the film disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a film mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAp). Hydroxyapatite is a component of bone and has high biocompatibility, but has been reported to remain in vivo for a relatively long period of time because it is chemically stable in the in vivo environment (see Non-Patent Document 2).
That is, when a hydroxyapatite-coated magnesium alloy produced by the production method disclosed in Patent Document 1 was implanted subcutaneously in mice for 16 weeks, the apatite film remained almost undissolved. On the other hand, if the remaining coating breaks into particles, it can induce immune system cells and cause inflammation. Therefore, in order to ensure a safe and secure biocompatibility as a medical bioabsorbable member, it is necessary to dissolve and eliminate the coating.
非特許文献1では、純Mg表面にβ−TCP被膜を作製し、生体適合性を評価した技術が開示されている。前処理として純Mgを過飽和Na2HPO4水溶液中、室温(25℃)で3h浸漬後、400℃で10h熱処理した。β−TCP被覆処理溶液組成は、Na2HPO4・12H2O(23.75g/L)−Ca(NO3)2(18.2g/L)。70℃で48h熱処理したものである。
しかし、非特許文献1は、Mgを含まない化学量論組成に近いβ−TCPを作製したものである。そこで、非特許文献1の方法は前処理が必要で製造工程が複雑になるという課題があった。
Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a β-TCP film is formed on a pure Mg surface and biocompatibility is evaluated. As a pretreatment, pure Mg was immersed in a supersaturated Na 2 HPO 4 aqueous solution at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 3 hours and then heat treated at 400 ° C. for 10 hours. The composition of the β-TCP coating treatment solution is Na 2 HPO 4 · 12H 2 O (23.75 g / L) —Ca (NO 3 ) 2 (18.2 g / L). Heat-treated at 70 ° C. for 48 hours.
However, Non-Patent Document 1 produces β-TCP having a stoichiometric composition that does not contain Mg. Therefore, the method of Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that pre-processing is required and the manufacturing process becomes complicated.
本発明は上述した課題を解決するもので、被膜も基材も生体内で溶解・吸収されて完全に消失する新規な医療用生体吸収性部材およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a novel bioabsorbable member for medical use in which both a coating and a substrate are dissolved and absorbed in a living body and completely disappeared, and a method for producing the same.
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材は、生体内での溶解時期を調整する耐食性被膜にてマグネシウム又はマグネシウム合金からなる基材の表面が覆われてなる医療用生体吸収性部材であって、前記耐食性被膜がMg含有リン酸カルシウム被膜を主成分とする生体吸収性の被膜であることを特徴とする。 The medical bioabsorbable member of the present invention is a medical bioabsorbable member in which the surface of a base material made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy is covered with a corrosion-resistant coating that adjusts the dissolution time in vivo. The corrosion-resistant film is a bioabsorbable film mainly composed of an Mg-containing calcium phosphate film.
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材において、好ましくは、前記Mg含有リン酸カルシウム被膜は、リン酸カルシウムとして、ウィットロカイト(Ca9(MgFe)(PO4)6PO3OH)、リン酸三カルシウム(Ca3(PO4)2)、リン酸水素カルシウム(CaHPO4)、リン酸水素カルシウム二水和物(CaHPO4・2H2O)、リン酸八カルシウム(Ca8(PO4)4(HPO4)2(OH)2)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種で表されるとよい。
ここで、ウィットロカイト(Ca9(MgFe)(PO4)6PO3OH)には、鉱物として採取されるウィットロカイトのようにMgとFeの両方が含まれるものと、本発明の実施例で作製したWH/Mg−TCPのようにMgのみを含み、Feを含まないものとがある。
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材において、好ましくは、前記耐食性被膜と基材とが水酸化マグネシウム層を介して一体化されてなるとよい。
In the bioabsorbable member for medical use according to the present invention, preferably, the Mg-containing calcium phosphate coating includes, as calcium phosphate, witrokite (Ca 9 (MgFe) (PO 4 ) 6 PO 3 OH), tricalcium phosphate (Ca 3). (PO 4 ) 2 ), calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO 4 ), calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO 4 .2H 2 O), octacalcium phosphate (Ca 8 (PO 4 ) 4 (HPO 4 ) 2 It may be represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of (OH) 2 ).
Here, the witrokite (Ca 9 (MgFe) (PO 4 ) 6 PO 3 OH) contains both Mg and Fe, such as witrokite collected as a mineral, and the implementation of the present invention. There are some which contain only Mg and do not contain Fe, such as WH / Mg-TCP manufactured in the example.
In the bioabsorbable member for medical use of the present invention, preferably, the corrosion-resistant film and the base material are integrated with each other via a magnesium hydroxide layer.
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材の製造方法であって、所定の形状に成型したマグネシウム又はマグネシウム合金基材を、リン酸イオンおよび非塩化系カルシウムイオンが過飽和状態で溶解している処理水溶液中に浸漬して、前記基材の表面にMg含有リン酸カルシウム被膜を主成分とする生体吸収性被膜を析出させるとよい。 A method for producing a medical bioabsorbable member of the present invention, wherein a magnesium or magnesium alloy base material molded into a predetermined shape is treated in a treatment aqueous solution in which phosphate ions and non-chlorinated calcium ions are dissolved in a supersaturated state. It is preferable that the bioabsorbable coating mainly composed of the Mg-containing calcium phosphate coating is deposited on the surface of the substrate.
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材の製造方法において、好ましくは、前記処理水溶液のカルシウムイオンはカルシウムキレート化合物の溶解により得られたものであるとよい。
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材の製造方法において、好ましくは、前記処理水溶液にMg2+イオンを添加するマグネシウム含有化合物を含ませるとよい。
In the method for producing a medical bioabsorbable member of the present invention, preferably, the calcium ions in the treatment aqueous solution are obtained by dissolving a calcium chelate compound.
In the method for producing a medical bioabsorbable member of the present invention, it is preferable that a magnesium-containing compound to which Mg 2+ ions are added is contained in the treatment aqueous solution.
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材の製造方法において、好ましくは、前記処理水溶液にはMg2+イオンを添加するために、Mg(OH)2、Mg(NO3)2、Mg3(PO4)2、MgCO3、Mg(CH3COO)2、クエン酸マグネシウム、リンゴ酸マグネシウム、グルタミン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、グルコン酸Mg、Mg−EDTA、純Mg又はマグネシウム合金からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種で表されるマグネシウム含有化合物を有するとよい。 In the method for producing a bioabsorbable member for medical use according to the present invention, preferably, Mg (OH) 2 , Mg (NO 3 ) 2 , Mg 3 (PO 4 ) is used to add Mg 2+ ions to the treatment aqueous solution. 2 , at least one selected from the group consisting of MgCO 3 , Mg (CH 3 COO) 2 , magnesium citrate, magnesium malate, magnesium glutamate, magnesium stearate, Mg gluconate, Mg-EDTA, pure Mg or magnesium alloy It may have a magnesium-containing compound represented.
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材の製造方法において、好ましくは、前記処理水溶液の温度は60℃以上、100℃以下であるとよい。 In the method for producing a bioabsorbable member for medical use of the present invention, preferably, the temperature of the treatment aqueous solution is 60 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower.
本発明によれば、本発明の被膜は、生体内で化学的に溶解/破骨細胞が吸収して骨と置き換わることが知られているウィットロカイト(WH)/Mg置換β−TCP(Mg−TCP)被膜、およびWH/Mg−TCPとDCPAの混合被膜である。これらを被覆したMg合金は、生体内で被膜と基材の両方が容易に溶解、消失することが期待できる。
本発明のWH/Mg−TCPおよびDCPAは、水酸アパタイトよりも化学的溶解性が高く、動物実験や臨床試験で水酸アパタイトよりも早期に生体骨と置換することが報告されている。したがって、WH/Mg−TCP被覆Mg合金は被膜も基材も生体内で溶解・吸収されて完全に消失する材料になる。
According to the present invention, the coating of the present invention is known to be witrokite (WH) / Mg-substituted β-TCP (Mg), which is known to be chemically dissolved / osteoclast resorbed in vivo to replace bone. -TCP) coating and a mixed coating of WH / Mg-TCP and DCPA. It can be expected that the Mg alloy coated with these easily dissolves and disappears both in the living body and in the living body.
The WH / Mg-TCP and DCPA of the present invention have higher chemical solubility than hydroxyapatite, and it has been reported in animal experiments and clinical tests that they are replaced with living bone earlier than hydroxyapatite. Therefore, the WH / Mg-TCP coated Mg alloy is a material that dissolves and is absorbed in vivo and completely disappears.
用語の説明
ウィットロカイト(英語:Whitlockite、略称:WH)は鉱物であり、リン酸カルシウムの珍しい形である。組成式がCa9(MgFe)(PO4)6PO3OHで示される。これは比較的まれな鉱物であるが、花崗岩質ペグマタイト、リン鉱石の鉱床、グアノの洞窟とコンドライト隕石に含まれている。
リン酸三カルシウム(英語:Tricalcium phosphate、略称:TCP)は、化学式:Ca3(PO4)2で表されるリン酸とカルシウムの塩である。リン灰石として天然に産出し、また土壌中に広く分布して含まれ、植物の生長に必須の成分で、骨を燃焼させた際に得られる物質でもある。リン酸三カルシウムは三種の多形体を持ち、単斜晶のα−と六方晶系のα'−リン酸三カルシウム(α−TCP、α'−TCP)は、リン酸三カルシウムの高温多形体であり、β−リン酸三カルシウム(β−TCP)は低温多形体である。β−リン酸三カルシウムの結晶学的密度は3.066gcm-3である。
Explanation of Terms Whitlockite (English: Whitlockite, abbreviation: WH) is a mineral, an unusual form of calcium phosphate. The composition formula is represented by Ca 9 (MgFe) (PO 4 ) 6 PO 3 OH. This is a relatively rare mineral but is found in granitic pegmatites, phosphate rock deposits, Guano caves and chondrites.
Tricalcium phosphate (abbreviation: TCP) is a salt of phosphoric acid and calcium represented by the chemical formula: Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . Naturally produced as apatite, widely distributed in soil, essential for plant growth, and a substance obtained when bones are burned. Tricalcium phosphate has three polymorphs, monoclinic α- and hexagonal α'-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP, α'-TCP) is a high temperature polymorph of tricalcium phosphate Β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a low temperature polymorph. The crystallographic density of β-tricalcium phosphate is 3.066 gcm −3 .
リン酸水素カルシウムは、化学式(CaHPO4)で表されるもので、略称はDCPAである。
リン酸水素カルシウム二水和物は、化学式(CaHPO4・2H2O)で表されるもので、略称はDCPDである。
リン酸八カルシウムは、化学式(Ca8(PO4)4(HPO4)2(OH)2)で表されるもので、略称はOCPである。
Calcium hydrogen phosphate is represented by the chemical formula (CaHPO 4 ) and is abbreviated as DCPA.
Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate is represented by the chemical formula (CaHPO 4 .2H 2 O), and is abbreviated as DCPD.
The octacalcium phosphate is represented by the chemical formula (Ca 8 (PO 4 ) 4 (HPO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 ), and the abbreviation is OCP.
化学量論組成のβ−TCPは高温で安定な結晶相であり、通常は焼成で作製される。本発明での被覆条件のような100℃以下の水溶液処理では、化学量論組成のβ−TCPは生成しない。ここで、結晶構造中にMgなどのカチオンが取り込まれると、100℃以下でもβ−TCP構造が安定化し、Mg−TCPもしくはWHとなる。WHとβ−TCPは結晶構造および組成が非常に類似しているため、容易に区別できない。
他方で、化学量論組成のβ−TCP(Mgを含まない)はすでに生体吸収性の人工骨の成分として上市されているため、WH/Mg−TCP被膜は医療機器としての認可に有利な成分である。WHとMg−TCPは結晶構造と組成が類似しているため、XRD測定や成分分析で分離するのは非常に困難であるが、両者の化学的性質は類似しているため、生体材料として明確に分類する必要はない。
Stoichiometric β-TCP is a stable crystalline phase at high temperatures and is usually produced by firing. In the aqueous solution treatment at 100 ° C. or lower as in the coating conditions in the present invention, β-TCP having a stoichiometric composition is not generated. Here, when cations such as Mg are incorporated into the crystal structure, the β-TCP structure is stabilized even at 100 ° C. or lower, and becomes Mg-TCP or WH. Since WH and β-TCP are very similar in crystal structure and composition, they cannot be easily distinguished.
On the other hand, since the stoichiometric β-TCP (not containing Mg) has already been marketed as a bioabsorbable artificial bone component, the WH / Mg-TCP coating is an advantageous component for approval as a medical device. It is. Since WH and Mg-TCP have similar crystal structures and compositions, it is very difficult to separate them by XRD measurement or component analysis. However, since their chemical properties are similar, they are clear as biomaterials. There is no need to categorize.
WH/β−TCP構造は比較的酸性側で安定であるため、処理溶液のpHは2.7〜4.0とした。基材マグネシウム合金は酸性水溶液中で容易に腐食溶解すること、Mg(OH)2添加なしでもWH/β−TCP構造が得られたこと、断面観察で基材マグネシウム合金の腐食溶解が起こったことを示すMg(OH)2を主成分とする境界層が観察されたこと、本実施例での処理温度では熱力学的に化学量論組成のβ−TCPはできないことから、本発明の被膜構造中に基材から溶出したMgが取り込まれているといえる。本発明は、マグネシウム合金へのWH/Mg−TCP被覆で、Mg源を処理溶液中に添加しなくても良い点が利点として考えられる。 Since the WH / β-TCP structure is relatively stable on the acidic side, the pH of the treatment solution was set to 2.7 to 4.0. The base magnesium alloy easily corrodes and dissolves in an acidic aqueous solution, the WH / β-TCP structure was obtained without adding Mg (OH) 2 , and the base magnesium alloy corroded and dissolved by cross-sectional observation Since a boundary layer mainly composed of Mg (OH) 2 was observed and β-TCP having a stoichiometric composition cannot be thermodynamically processed at the processing temperature in this example, the coating structure of the present invention It can be said that Mg eluted from the base material is taken in. The present invention is considered to be advantageous in that the magnesium source does not need to be added to the treatment solution in the WH / Mg-TCP coating on the magnesium alloy.
実施例1:処理溶液へのMg(OH)2添加がウィットロカイト(WH)およびMg置換β−リン酸三カルシウム(Mg−TCP)被膜形成に及ぼす影響
表1に示すCa−EDTA−H3PO4(−Mg(OH)2)水溶液を90℃に加温後、#1200研磨紙で表面を仕上げたMg−4Y−3RE(WE43)合金ディスク(径16.8mm×厚2mm)を浸漬し、1時間の処理を行った。
図1および図2にMg(OH)2添加有りと無しの処理溶液で処理したサンプルの表面SEM像を示す。いずれの表面も多孔質の析出物で覆われており、被膜を形成していることがわかった。
図3にMg(OH)2添加有りと無しの処理溶液で処理したサンプルのXRDパターンを示す。Mg(OH)2の添加に関わらず、ウィットロカイト(WH)および/若しくはMg置換β−リン酸三カルシウム(Mg−TCP)構造が得られた。
SEM観察およびXRDの結果より、本処理溶液でWH/Mg−TCP被膜を形成できることがわかった。
1 and 2 show surface SEM images of samples treated with a treatment solution with and without the addition of Mg (OH) 2 . All of the surfaces were covered with porous precipitates, and it was found that a film was formed.
FIG. 3 shows the XRD pattern of the sample treated with the treatment solution with and without the addition of Mg (OH) 2 . Regardless of the addition of Mg (OH) 2 , witrokite (WH) and / or Mg-substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (Mg-TCP) structures were obtained.
From the results of SEM observation and XRD, it was found that a WH / Mg-TCP film can be formed with this treatment solution.
実施例1において、100℃以下でβ−TCP構造安定性を向上させるMg2+イオンを処理溶液に添加するためにMg(OH)2を用いたが、今回の添加量ではWH/Mg−TCP構造の形成に影響はみられなかった。Mg(OH)2の水への溶解度は1.2mg/100cm3と非常に低いため、さらに高濃度のMg(OH)2を処理溶液に溶解するのは困難である。他にMgCO3、MgSO4、MgSO3、MgClO4、Mg(NO3)2、Mg3(PO4)2、MgCl2、MgF2などが処理溶液に添加するMg源として考えられるが、MgCO3は水への溶解度が0.0012mol/L(25℃)と低く、MgF2は水にほとんど溶けない。MgSO4やMgCl2とともに添加されるSO4イオンおよびClイオンは基材マグネシウム合金を腐食させるため、マグネシウム合金の表面処理溶液に使用するには不向きである。Mg(CH3COO)2、クエン酸マグネシウム、リンゴ酸マグネシウム、グルタミン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウムなどの有機塩もMg源として考えられる。また、グルコン酸Mg、Mg−EDTAなどの錯塩や、純Mgやマグネシウム合金もMg源として挙げられる。 In Example 1, Mg (OH) 2 was used to add Mg 2+ ions, which improve β-TCP structure stability at 100 ° C. or lower, to the treatment solution. However, in this addition amount, the WH / Mg-TCP structure was used. There was no effect on the formation of. Since the solubility of Mg (OH) 2 in water is as low as 1.2 mg / 100 cm 3, it is difficult to dissolve a higher concentration of Mg (OH) 2 in the treatment solution. In addition, MgCO 3 , MgSO 4 , MgSO 3 , MgClO 4 , Mg (NO 3 ) 2 , Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , MgCl 2 , MgF 2 and the like are considered as Mg sources to be added to the treatment solution, but MgCO 3 Has a low solubility in water of 0.0012 mol / L (25 ° C.), and MgF 2 hardly dissolves in water. Since SO 4 ions and Cl ions added together with MgSO 4 and MgCl 2 corrode the base magnesium alloy, they are not suitable for use in the surface treatment solution of magnesium alloy. Organic salts such as Mg (CH 3 COO) 2 , magnesium citrate, magnesium malate, magnesium glutamate, and magnesium stearate are also considered as sources of Mg. Moreover, complex salts, such as Mg gluconate and Mg-EDTA, pure Mg, and a magnesium alloy are also mentioned as a Mg source.
実施例2:処理溶液濃度がウィットロカイト(WH)およびMg置換β−リン酸三カルシウム(Mg−TCP)被膜に及ぼす影響
表2に示す様々な濃度のCa−EDTA−H3PO4(−Mg(OH)2)水溶液を90℃に加温後、#1200研磨紙で表面を仕上げたMg−4Y−3RE(WE43)合金ディスク(径16.8mm×厚2mm)を浸漬し、1時間の処理を行った。表2の処理溶液は、濃度をWH02サンプルの処理溶液を基準に2倍に濃化もしくは、1/2、1/3、1/5および1/10倍に希釈したものである。
図4および図5に、異なる濃度の処理溶液で処理したサンプルの表面SEM像を示す。1/2希釈溶液では多孔質の被膜が明瞭に観察された。1/10希釈溶液も被膜の形成が確認され、孔の密度が減少した。
図6および図7に、高濃度および低濃度の処理溶液で処理したサンプルのXRDパターンを示す。2倍濃度の処理溶液では、リン酸二カルシウム無水物(DCPA)構造となった。1/2〜1/10希釈溶液で処理したサンプルでは、WH/Mg−TCP構造に由来するXRDピークが得られた。濃度の低下に伴いXRDピーク強度が減少した。
これの結果より、処理溶液の濃度でWH/Mg−TCP被膜の生成量を変化できることがわかった。
FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show surface SEM images of samples treated with treatment solutions of different concentrations. A porous coating was clearly observed in the 1/2 diluted solution. The formation of a film was also confirmed in the 1/10 diluted solution, and the density of the pores decreased.
6 and 7 show XRD patterns of samples treated with high and low concentration treatment solutions. The double concentration treatment solution resulted in a dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) structure. In the sample treated with the 1/2 to 1/10 diluted solution, an XRD peak derived from the WH / Mg-TCP structure was obtained. As the concentration decreased, the XRD peak intensity decreased.
From these results, it was found that the amount of WH / Mg-TCP coating produced can be changed by the concentration of the treatment solution.
実施例2において、処理溶液濃度を高くすると、WH/Mg−TCPの代わりにDCPAが形成された。処理溶液濃度を高くすると、処理溶液中のEDTAで基材マグネシウム合金が腐食されるため、合金表面でのMg2+イオン濃度が高くなりすぎてWH/β−TCP構造を保つことができず、DCPAになったと考えられる。これより、処理溶液濃度には適正な範囲があることが示唆された。
一方、処理溶液濃度を低くしてもWH/β−TCP構造の被膜が得られることがわかった。濃度の減少に伴いXRDピーク強度が減少することから、処理溶液濃度の制御で被膜の厚さを変えられることがわかった。被膜の厚さは耐食性や基材との密着性に影響を及ぼすことから、処理溶液濃度で厚さを変化させられる点は利点と考えられる。
In Example 2, when the treatment solution concentration was increased, DCPA was formed instead of WH / Mg-TCP. When the treatment solution concentration is increased, the base magnesium alloy is corroded by EDTA in the treatment solution, so the Mg 2+ ion concentration on the alloy surface becomes too high to maintain the WH / β-TCP structure, and DCPA It is thought that it became. This suggested that there was an appropriate range for the treatment solution concentration.
On the other hand, it was found that a film having a WH / β-TCP structure can be obtained even when the treatment solution concentration is lowered. Since the XRD peak intensity decreased as the concentration decreased, it was found that the coating thickness could be changed by controlling the treatment solution concentration. Since the thickness of the coating affects the corrosion resistance and the adhesion to the substrate, it is considered that the thickness can be changed depending on the treatment solution concentration.
実施例3:処理時間がウィットロカイト(WH)およびMg置換β−リン酸三カルシウム(Mg−TCP)被膜に及ぼす影響
表3に示すように、WH02と同じ処理溶液を用い、処理時間を10分から40分の間で変化させ、WE43合金ディスクの表面処理を行った。図8および図9に示すように、処理時間10分でも表面全体が多孔質の析出物に覆われており被膜が形成されていた。処理時間40分で60分の場合よりも緻密な被膜を得ることができた。
図10に示すXRDパターンより、10分と短い処理時間でもWH/Mg−TCP構造の被膜が得られることがわかった。処理時間の増加に伴いWH/Mg−TCPのピーク強度が増加した。
以上の結果より、処理時間により被膜の厚さを変化させられることがわかった。
From the XRD pattern shown in FIG. 10, it was found that a film having a WH / Mg-TCP structure can be obtained even in a processing time as short as 10 minutes. As the treatment time increased, the peak intensity of WH / Mg-TCP increased.
From the above results, it was found that the thickness of the film can be changed by the treatment time.
実施例3において、処理時間を変化させることで被膜の緻密さが変化した。被膜の緻密さは耐食性に影響を及ぼす一方、多孔質の被膜であることには次の利点が挙げられる。被膜を薬物の担体として考えた場合に、多孔質である方が薬物の担持がしやすく、孔の密度や大きさを制御することで薬物の放出速度を変化できる。また、ポリマーなどと複合化する場合、被膜の孔にポリマーが入ることでポリマー層とWH/Mg−TCP層の機械的咬合を強くする。 In Example 3, the density of the coating film was changed by changing the treatment time. While the denseness of the coating affects the corrosion resistance, the porous coating has the following advantages. When the coating is considered as a drug carrier, the porous substance is easier to carry the drug, and the drug release rate can be changed by controlling the density and size of the pores. Moreover, when compounding with a polymer etc., the mechanical occlusion of a polymer layer and a WH / Mg-TCP layer is strengthened because a polymer enters into the hole of a film.
実施例4:温度がウィットロカイト(WH)およびMg置換β−リン酸三カルシウム(Mg−TCP)被膜に及ぼす影響
実施例1〜3にて、90℃で作製したWH/Mg−TCP被膜よりも緻密な被膜を作製するため、処理温度を80℃にして表面処理を行った。処理溶液の組成を表4に示す。
図11〜図13に80℃で処理時間2h、4hおよび6hで処理したサンプルの表面SEM像を示す。図14にXRDパターンを示す。
図11の80℃で2h処理したサンプルの表面形態は、図2に示す90℃で1h処理したサンプルの表面形態と同様であった。図14に示す2h処理サンプルのXRDパターンにおけるWH/Mg−TCPに帰属されるピークの強度は図3に示す90℃で1h処理サンプルにおけるWH/Mg−TCPピーク強度と同程度であった。これらの結果より、処理温度を下げることでWH/Mg−TCP被膜形成の反応速度を低減できることがわかった。
11 to 13 show surface SEM images of samples treated at 80 ° C. for treatment times 2 h, 4 h and 6 h. FIG. 14 shows the XRD pattern.
The surface morphology of the sample treated at 80 ° C. for 2 h in FIG. 11 was the same as the surface morphology of the sample treated at 90 ° C. for 1 h shown in FIG. The intensity of the peak attributed to WH / Mg-TCP in the XRD pattern of the 2h-treated sample shown in FIG. 14 was almost the same as the WH / Mg-TCP peak intensity in the 1h-treated sample at 90 ° C. shown in FIG. From these results, it was found that the reaction rate of WH / Mg-TCP film formation can be reduced by lowering the treatment temperature.
80℃での処理時間2hと4h以上では表面形態が変化しており、4h以上では2h処理まではほとんどみられなかった顆粒状の堆積物が増加していた。処理時間4hではWH/Mg−TCPのXRDピークに加えてDCPAピークが現れ、処理時間の増加に伴いDCPA由来のピーク強度が増加した。これより顆粒状の堆積物はDCPAと考えられる。これより、処理時間を長くすることで、WH/Mg−TCPとDCPAが混ざった被膜を形成できることがわかった。ここで、DCPAは生体活性骨ペーストとして使用されている。WH/Mg−TCPとDCPAの混合比で被膜の生体内での溶解速度を変化できることが期待される。 The surface morphology changed at the treatment times of 2 hours and 4 hours or more at 80 ° C., and the granular deposits that were hardly seen until the treatment for 2 hours were increased at 4 hours or more. In the treatment time of 4 h, a DCPA peak appeared in addition to the WH / Mg-TCP XRD peak, and the peak intensity derived from DCPA increased as the treatment time increased. Thus, the granular deposit is considered to be DCPA. From this, it was found that a film in which WH / Mg-TCP and DCPA were mixed can be formed by increasing the treatment time. Here, DCPA is used as a bioactive bone paste. It is expected that the dissolution rate of the coating in vivo can be changed by the mixing ratio of WH / Mg-TCP and DCPA.
図15および図16に、それぞれ90℃―1h処理および80℃―6h処理で被覆したサンプルの断面SEM像を示す。90℃で作製したサンプルではWH/Mg−TCP被膜と基材Mg合金の境界に10umの厚い水酸化マグネシウム層が形成されており、WH/Mg−TCP被膜と水酸化マグネシウム層のいずれにもき裂がみられた。WH/Mg−TCP被膜のき裂は表面から中間層に貫通しているものもみられた。一方、80℃で作製したサンプルでは処理時間が6hと非常に長かったにもかかわらず水酸化マグネシウム層の厚さは90℃―1h処理の場合と同程度で、WH/Mg−TCP被膜の表面から基材側に貫通しているものはみられなかった。これらの結果より、処理温度を下げることでWH/Mg−TCP被膜の緻密さを改善できることが示唆された。 15 and 16 show cross-sectional SEM images of samples coated with 90 ° C.-1 h treatment and 80 ° C.-6 h treatment, respectively. In the sample prepared at 90 ° C., a 10 μm thick magnesium hydroxide layer is formed at the boundary between the WH / Mg-TCP coating and the base Mg alloy, and it is applied to both the WH / Mg-TCP coating and the magnesium hydroxide layer. There was a crack. Some cracks in the WH / Mg-TCP coating penetrated from the surface to the intermediate layer. On the other hand, the thickness of the magnesium hydroxide layer was the same as that of the 90 ° C-1h treatment in the sample prepared at 80 ° C even though the treatment time was very long as 6h, and the surface of the WH / Mg-TCP coating No material penetrating from the base material side to the base material side. From these results, it was suggested that the density of the WH / Mg-TCP film can be improved by lowering the treatment temperature.
実施例4において、処理温度を変えることでも被膜の緻密さが変化できることがわかった。これまでの研究でCa−EDTAを用いたリン酸カルシウム系被膜の作製では、処理溶液を60℃以上にすることで被膜の形成が起こることがわかった。したがって、処理温度を60℃以上の温度範囲で制御することでも、被膜の緻密さを制御できる。 In Example 4, it was found that the density of the coating could be changed by changing the treatment temperature. In the research so far, it has been found that in the preparation of a calcium phosphate-based film using Ca-EDTA, the film is formed when the treatment solution is set to 60 ° C. or higher. Therefore, the denseness of the film can also be controlled by controlling the treatment temperature in a temperature range of 60 ° C. or higher.
なお、上記の実施の形態においては、対象物としてWH/Mg−TCP被覆Mg合金を用いている医療用生体吸収性部材を行っているが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、Mg含有リン酸カルシウム被膜は、リン酸カルシウムとして、ウィットロカイト(Ca9(MgFe)(PO4)6PO3OH)、リン酸三カルシウム(Ca3(PO4)2)、リン酸水素カルシウム(CaHPO4)、リン酸水素カルシウム二水和物(CaHPO4・2H2O)、リン酸八カルシウム(Ca8(PO4)4(HPO4)2(OH)2)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種で表されればよい。 In the above embodiment, a medical bioabsorbable member using a WH / Mg-TCP coated Mg alloy as an object is used, but the present invention is not limited to this, and Mg The calcium phosphate coating film contains, as calcium phosphate, witrokite (Ca 9 (MgFe) (PO 4 ) 6 PO 3 OH), tricalcium phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO 4 ), It is represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO 4 .2H 2 O) and octacalcium phosphate (Ca 8 (PO 4 ) 4 (HPO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 ). Just do it.
本発明の医療用生体吸収性部材によれば、WH/Mg−TCP被覆Mg合金を用いているので、完全に生体内で溶解・吸収される骨固定材、人工骨が得られる。
According to the medical bioabsorbable member of the present invention, since the WH / Mg-TCP coated Mg alloy is used, a bone fixing material and artificial bone that can be completely dissolved and absorbed in a living body can be obtained.
Claims (8)
The medical bioabsorbable member according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the temperature of the treatment aqueous solution is 60 ° C or higher and 100 ° C or lower. .
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| EP4617233A1 (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2025-09-17 | Nagaoka University of Technology | Crystal film of octacalcium phosphate and method for producing same |
| US12428751B2 (en) | 2024-01-30 | 2025-09-30 | Nagaoka University Of Technology | Crystalline film of octacalcium phosphate and method for producing the same |
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