JP2018129980A - Photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】太陽電池で発電した電力を効率良く利用することが可能な太陽光発電システムを提供すること。【解決手段】太陽光発電システムは、太陽電池と、太陽電池に接続されたキャパシタと、キャパシタに電圧変換器を介して接続された二次電池と、太陽電池の発電量が所定値Ｔｓを超える場合に、太陽電池からの電力を負荷に供給し、太陽電池の発電量が所定値Ｔｓ以下である場合に、太陽電池からの電力をキャパシタに充電し、キャパシタに蓄積された電力を二次電池に充電する制御回路とを備える。【選択図】図１A solar power generation system capable of efficiently using the power generated by a solar cell is provided. A solar power generation system includes a solar battery, a capacitor connected to the solar battery, a secondary battery connected to the capacitor via a voltage converter, and a power generation amount of the solar battery exceeding a predetermined value Ts. In this case, when the power from the solar cell is supplied to the load and the power generation amount of the solar cell is equal to or less than the predetermined value Ts, the capacitor is charged with the power from the solar cell, and the power stored in the capacitor is used as the secondary battery. And a control circuit for charging. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、太陽光発電システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system.
低炭素社会へ向けた取り組みとして、太陽電池の使用が期待されている。太陽電池は、大きな物としてはビルディングなどの大型建築物から、一般家庭、道路のサイン標識や街灯に至るまで使用されている。しかし、太陽電池を利用した発電の効率は悪く、十分にその能力が発揮できていないのが現状である。太陽電池の使用時の出力は、日射量、日射方向、日射角度、天候、温度、季節、地域などの環境に大いに影響を受けるだけでなく、発電した電流の直流から交流への変換時の損失や、インバータやコンバータの使用による損失があり、元々の変換効率の悪さに加えて、更なる損失を許している。例えば、東京地区において１１月から２月までの期間は日照量に比して発電量が低いことが分かっている。これは、この期間の日射量が日照量に比して低いことに原因があると考えられる。日射量が低いと太陽電池の発電電流は微弱になりうまく使うことができない。 The use of solar cells is expected as an initiative toward a low-carbon society. Solar cells are widely used from large buildings such as buildings to general households, road sign signs and street lamps. However, the efficiency of power generation using solar cells is poor, and the current situation is that the capacity is not fully demonstrated. The output when using solar cells is not only greatly affected by the amount of solar radiation, direction of solar radiation, angle of solar radiation, weather, temperature, season, region, etc., but also the loss during conversion of the generated current from direct current to alternating current. In addition, there are losses due to the use of inverters and converters, allowing further losses in addition to the original poor conversion efficiency. For example, in the Tokyo area, it is known that the amount of power generation is lower than the amount of sunlight during the period from November to February. This is considered to be caused by the fact that the amount of solar radiation during this period is lower than the amount of sunlight. If the amount of solar radiation is low, the generated current of the solar cell becomes weak and cannot be used well.
従来の技術では、太陽電池が発電した微弱な電流をうまく使うことができない。微弱な電流はパワーコンディショナやＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ等でロスしてしまうため使用できていない。微弱な電流は季節によるものだけでなく、方位が悪い朝夕においても、直達日射がない曇りや雨天の場合も、太陽電池の発電電流は微弱になると考えられる。 With the conventional technology, the weak current generated by the solar cell cannot be used well. The weak current cannot be used because it is lost by a power conditioner, a DC-DC converter or the like. The weak current is not only due to the season, but also in the morning and evening when the direction is bad, and in the case of cloudy or rainy weather without direct solar radiation, the generated current of the solar cell is considered to be weak.
従来の技術として、太陽電池で発電した電流を鉛蓄電池やリチウムイオン電池に蓄電するものがある。しかし、鉛蓄電池やリチウムイオン電池には微弱な電流を蓄電することができないため、コンバータで昇圧する必要があり、その際に電力損失が発生する。 As a conventional technique, there is one that stores a current generated by a solar battery in a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery. However, since a weak current cannot be stored in a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery, it is necessary to boost the voltage by a converter, and power loss occurs at that time.
本発明は、以上のような課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、太陽電池で発電した電力を効率良く利用することが可能な太陽光発電システムを提供することにある。 This invention is made | formed in view of the above subjects, and the place made into the objective is to provide the solar power generation system which can utilize the electric power generated with the solar cell efficiently. .
（１）本発明は、太陽電池と、前記太陽電池に接続されたキャパシタと、前記キャパシタに電圧変換器を介して接続された二次電池と、前記太陽電池の発電量が所定値Ｔｓを超える場合に、前記太陽電池からの電力を負荷に供給し、前記太陽電池の発電量が所定値Ｔｓ以下である場合に、前記太陽電池からの電力を前記キャパシタに充電し、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電する制御回路とを備えた、太陽光発電システムに関する。 (1) In the present invention, a solar cell, a capacitor connected to the solar cell, a secondary battery connected to the capacitor via a voltage converter, and a power generation amount of the solar cell exceed a predetermined value Ts. In the case where the power from the solar cell is supplied to a load, and the power generation amount of the solar cell is equal to or less than a predetermined value Ts, the power from the solar cell is charged into the capacitor and accumulated in the capacitor. The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system including a control circuit for charging electric power to the secondary battery.
本発明によれば、太陽電池の発電量が所定値を超える場合には、発電電力を負荷に供給し、発電量が所定値以下である場合には、発電電力をキャパシタに充電し、キャパシタに蓄積された電力を二次電池に充電することで、微弱な発電電流をキャパシタで効率良く回収して、太陽電池で発電した電力を効率的に利用することができる。 According to the present invention, when the power generation amount of the solar cell exceeds a predetermined value, the generated power is supplied to the load, and when the power generation amount is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the generated power is charged in the capacitor, By charging the accumulated power to the secondary battery, a weak generated current can be efficiently recovered by the capacitor, and the power generated by the solar battery can be used efficiently.
（２）また本発明に係る太陽光発電システムでは、前記制御回路は、前記キャパシタの残容量が所定値Ｔｃ１に達した場合に、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電する制御を開始し、前記キャパシタの残容量が所定値Ｔｃ２（ｔｃ２＜ｔｃ１）以下となった場合に、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電する制御を停止してもよい。 (2) In the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention, the control circuit controls the secondary battery to charge the power stored in the capacitor when the remaining capacity of the capacitor reaches a predetermined value Tc1. When the remaining capacity of the capacitor becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value Tc2 (tc2 <tc1), the control for charging the secondary battery with the electric power stored in the capacitor may be stopped.
本発明によれば、キャパシタに溜めた電力を効率良く利用して、太陽電池で発電した電力を効率的に利用することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electric power generated with the solar cell can be used efficiently, using the electric power stored in the capacitor efficiently.
（３）また本発明に係る太陽光発電システムでは、前記制御回路は、前記二次電池の残容量が所定値Ｔｂ未満である場合に、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電し、前記二次電池の残容量が所定値Ｔｂ以上である場合には、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を負荷に供給してもよい。 (3) In the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention, the control circuit charges the secondary battery with the power stored in the capacitor when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is less than a predetermined value Tb. When the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined value Tb, the electric power stored in the capacitor may be supplied to the load.
本発明によれば、キャパシタに溜めた電力を効率良く利用して、太陽電池で発電した電力を効率的に利用することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electric power generated with the solar cell can be used efficiently, using the electric power stored in the capacitor efficiently.
以下、本実施形態について説明する。なお、以下に説明する本実施形態は、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明の内容を不当に限定するものではない。また本実施形態で説明される構成の全てが、本発明の必須構成要件であるとは限らない。 Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described. In addition, this embodiment demonstrated below does not unduly limit the content of this invention described in the claim. In addition, all the configurations described in the present embodiment are not necessarily essential configuration requirements of the present invention.
１．構成
図１は、本実施形態に係る太陽光発電システムの構成を模式的に示す図である。太陽光発電システム１は、太陽電池１０と、キャパシタ２０と、二次電池３０と、パワーコンディショナ４０と、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ４１、４２（電圧変換器）と、インバータ４３と、スイッチ素子５０〜５２を備えた制御回路（電源回路）とを含む。
1. Configuration FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present embodiment. The solar power generation system 1 includes a solar battery 10, a capacitor 20, a secondary battery 30, a power conditioner 40, DC-DC converters 41 and 42 (voltage converter), an inverter 43, and switch elements 50 to 50. And a control circuit (power supply circuit) having 52.
キャパシタ２０は、スイッチ素子５１を介して太陽電池１０に接続され、太陽電池１０により発電された電力を充電する。キャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力は、二次電池３０や負荷６０に供給される。キャパシタ２０としては、例えば、電気二重層キャパシタ（ＥＤＬＣ）を用いることができる。 The capacitor 20 is connected to the solar cell 10 via the switch element 51 and charges the electric power generated by the solar cell 10. The electric power stored in the capacitor 20 is supplied to the secondary battery 30 and the load 60. As the capacitor 20, for example, an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) can be used.
二次電池３０は、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ４１、４２を介してキャパシタ２０に接続され、キャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を充電する。二次電池３０に蓄積された電力は、負荷６０に供給される。二次電池３０としては、例えば、リチウムイオン電池を用いることができる。 The secondary battery 30 is connected to the capacitor 20 via the DC-DC converters 41 and 42 and charges the electric power stored in the capacitor 20. The electric power stored in the secondary battery 30 is supplied to the load 60. As the secondary battery 30, for example, a lithium ion battery can be used.
パワーコンディショナ４０は、スイッチ素子５０を介して太陽電池１０に接続され、太陽電池１０により発電された電力（直流）を、交流に変換し、その電圧を最適化して、負
荷６０に供給する。ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ４１は、キャパシタ２０からの出力電力の電圧制御を行い、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ４２は、二次電池３０への入力電力及び二次電池３０からの出力電力の電圧制御を行う。ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ４１としては、例えば、非絶縁型ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを用いることができ、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ４２としては、例えば、絶縁型ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを用いることができる。インバータ４３は、キャパシタ２０及び二次電池３０からの電力（直流）を交流に変換して負荷６０に供給する。
The power conditioner 40 is connected to the solar cell 10 via the switch element 50, converts electric power (DC) generated by the solar cell 10 into AC, optimizes the voltage, and supplies the load 60. The DC-DC converter 41 performs voltage control of output power from the capacitor 20, and the DC-DC converter 42 performs voltage control of input power to the secondary battery 30 and output power from the secondary battery 30. As the DC-DC converter 41, for example, a non-insulated DC-DC converter can be used, and as the DC-DC converter 42, for example, an insulated DC-DC converter can be used. The inverter 43 converts the power (DC) from the capacitor 20 and the secondary battery 30 into AC and supplies it to the load 60.
制御回路は、太陽電池１０の発電量を監視し、太陽電池１０の発電量が所定値Ｔｓを超える場合には、スイッチ素子５０をオンにし、スイッチ素子５１をオフにして、太陽電池１０からの電力を負荷６０に供給し、太陽電池１０の発電量が所定値Ｔｓ以下である場合（発電電流が微弱である場合）には、スイッチ素子５０をオフにし、スイッチ素子５１をオンにして、太陽電池１０からの電力をキャパシタ２０に充電する制御を行う。このように、太陽電池１０で発電した微弱な電力を直接キャパシタ２０に蓄電するように制御している。 The control circuit monitors the power generation amount of the solar cell 10, and when the power generation amount of the solar cell 10 exceeds the predetermined value Ts, the switch element 50 is turned on, the switch element 51 is turned off, When electric power is supplied to the load 60 and the power generation amount of the solar cell 10 is equal to or less than the predetermined value Ts (when the generated current is weak), the switch element 50 is turned off, the switch element 51 is turned on, Control is performed to charge the capacitor 20 with power from the battery 10. In this way, control is performed so that the weak power generated by the solar cell 10 is directly stored in the capacitor 20.
図２（Ａ）に太陽電池のＩ−Ｖカーブ（Ｉ−Ｖ特性）を示す。図２（Ａ）に示すように、太陽電池では、発電が始まると０Ｖから段々に電圧が上がっていく。図２（Ｂ）にリチウムイオン電池の充電カーブ（Ｉ−Ｖ特性）を示し、図２（Ｃ）にキャパシタの充電カーブを示す。図２（Ｃ）に示すように、キャパシタの充電カーブは、電圧が０Ｖから段々に上がっていく。太陽電池で発電した電力をキャパシタで充電する場合、発電が進むにつれて太陽電池の出力電圧が上がっていくのを、キャパシタはそのまま一緒に電圧が上昇して充電していくことができる。そのため、キャパシタを用いれば、太陽電池で発電した電力をＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータなしに直接充電することができ、非常に効率的な充電が可能となる。一方、図２（Ｂ）に示すように、リチウムイオン電池は、ある一定の電圧で平坦な充電カーブを持つため、その電圧までＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータで昇圧しなければ充電することができない。また、リチウムイオン電池では、安全性のため電流値の下限と上限が決められているため、キャパシタと比較して効率性に劣る。図３に、実際に測定した太陽電池の出力電圧及び電流値とキャパシタの充電電圧及び電流値を示す。図３を見ると、キャパシタが太陽電池の出力電圧に沿う形で電圧を変化させて充電している。また、キャパシタがコンバータ等を介さずに直接充電し且つ効率良くロスなく充電していることが、太陽電池の出力電流値と殆ど同じ電流値で充電されていることからも分かる。また、太陽電池の発電量は環境（日射量、日射方向、日射角度等）に応じて絶えず激しく変化するため、急速充放電特性が良好でサイクル特性（寿命）に優れたキャパシタは、太陽電池で発電した微弱な電力を蓄電するのに適している。なお、キャパシタ２０のＩ−Ｖ特性は、必ずしも図２（Ｃ）に示すような直線的な特性でなくてもよく、キャパシタ２０として、図２（Ｄ）に示すように、プラトーがないスロープ状のＩ−Ｖ特性を有する蓄電デバイスを用いてもよい。 FIG. 2A shows an IV curve (IV characteristic) of the solar cell. As shown in FIG. 2A, in the solar cell, when power generation starts, the voltage gradually increases from 0V. FIG. 2B shows a charging curve (IV characteristic) of the lithium ion battery, and FIG. 2C shows a charging curve of the capacitor. As shown in FIG. 2C, the charging curve of the capacitor gradually increases from 0V. When the power generated by the solar cell is charged by the capacitor, the output voltage of the solar cell increases as power generation proceeds, and the capacitor can be charged with the voltage rising as it is. Therefore, if a capacitor is used, the electric power generated by the solar cell can be directly charged without a DC-DC converter, and very efficient charging is possible. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2B, since the lithium ion battery has a flat charging curve at a certain voltage, it cannot be charged unless it is boosted to that voltage by a DC-DC converter. In addition, since the lower limit and the upper limit of the current value are determined for safety in the lithium ion battery, the efficiency is inferior compared with the capacitor. FIG. 3 shows the actually measured output voltage and current value of the solar cell and charging voltage and current value of the capacitor. Referring to FIG. 3, the capacitor is charged by changing the voltage along the output voltage of the solar cell. It can also be seen from the fact that the capacitor is directly charged without going through a converter or the like, and is charged efficiently and without loss, because it is charged with almost the same current value as the output current value of the solar cell. In addition, since the amount of power generated by solar cells changes violently according to the environment (irradiation amount, direction of solar radiation, angle of solar radiation, etc.), capacitors with good rapid charge / discharge characteristics and excellent cycle characteristics (lifetime) are solar cells. Suitable for storing weak electric power generated. Note that the IV characteristic of the capacitor 20 is not necessarily a linear characteristic as shown in FIG. 2C, and the capacitor 20 has a slope shape without a plateau as shown in FIG. An electricity storage device having the following IV characteristics may be used.
また、制御回路は、キャパシタ２０の残容量（ＳＯＣ）を監視し、キャパシタ２０の残容量が所定値Ｔｃ１に達した場合に、スイッチ素子５２にオンにして、キャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を二次電池３０に充電する制御を開始し、キャパシタ２０の残容量が所定値Ｔｃ２（Ｔｃ２＜Ｔｃ１）以下となった場合に、スイッチ素子５２にオフにして、キャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を二次電池３０に充電する制御を停止する。このように、キャパシタ２０にある程度溜めた電力を二次電池３０に供給する制御を行っている。 In addition, the control circuit monitors the remaining capacity (SOC) of the capacitor 20, and when the remaining capacity of the capacitor 20 reaches a predetermined value Tc1, the control circuit turns on the switch element 52 to reduce the power stored in the capacitor 20. Control for charging the secondary battery 30 is started, and when the remaining capacity of the capacitor 20 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value Tc2 (Tc2 <Tc1), the switch element 52 is turned off, and the power stored in the capacitor 20 is secondary Control for charging the battery 30 is stopped. In this way, control is performed to supply the secondary battery 30 with the electric power stored in the capacitor 20 to some extent.
また、制御回路は、二次電池３０の残容量（ＳＯＣ）を監視し、二次電池３０の残容量が所定値Ｔｂ１未満である場合に、キャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を二次電池３０に充電し、二次電池３０の残容量が所定値Ｔｂ１以上である場合には、キャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を負荷６０に供給する制御を行う。これにより、キャパシタ２０に溜めた電力を効率良く利用することができる。 In addition, the control circuit monitors the remaining capacity (SOC) of the secondary battery 30, and when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 30 is less than the predetermined value Tb1, the power stored in the capacitor 20 is supplied to the secondary battery 30. When the battery is charged and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 30 is equal to or greater than the predetermined value Tb1, control is performed to supply the power stored in the capacitor 20 to the load 60. Thereby, the electric power stored in the capacitor 20 can be used efficiently.
このように、本実施形態に係る太陽光発電システム１によれば、太陽電池１０の発電量が所定値Ｔｓ以下である場合に、太陽電池１０からの電力をキャパシタ２０に充電し、キャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を二次電池３０に充電し（或いは、二次電池３０の残容量がＴｂ１以上である場合には負荷６０に供給し）、二次電池３０に蓄積された電力を負荷６０に供給して使用することで、太陽電池１０で発電した微弱な電力をキャパシタ２０で効率良く回収して、太陽電池１０で発電した電力を効率的に利用することができる。 Thus, according to the solar power generation system 1 according to the present embodiment, when the power generation amount of the solar cell 10 is equal to or less than the predetermined value Ts, the capacitor 20 is charged with the power from the solar cell 10 and the capacitor 20 The accumulated power is charged in the secondary battery 30 (or supplied to the load 60 when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 30 is equal to or greater than Tb1), and the power accumulated in the secondary battery 30 is supplied to the load 60. By supplying and using, the weak electric power generated by the solar cell 10 can be efficiently recovered by the capacitor 20, and the electric power generated by the solar cell 10 can be used efficiently.
また、二次電池３０を有効利用するめ、制御回路は、深夜の時間帯に、外部電源からの電力を二次電池３０に充電し、白昼の時間帯（例えば、１０時〜１４時）に、二次電池３０の残容量が所定値Ｔｂ２（Ｔｂ２＜Ｔｂ１）を下回るまで、二次電池３０に蓄積された電力を負荷６０に供給する（放電する）制御を行う。 In order to effectively use the secondary battery 30, the control circuit charges the secondary battery 30 with power from the external power source in the midnight time zone, and in the daylight hours (for example, 10:00 to 14:00) Control is performed to supply (discharge) the electric power stored in the secondary battery 30 to the load 60 until the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 30 falls below a predetermined value Tb2 (Tb2 <Tb1).
２．実験結果
本実施形態に係る太陽光発電システム１を評価する実験を、東京地区で行った。本実験では、太陽電池１０として、多結晶シリコン型太陽電池モジュール（最大出力：５．２ｋＷ、開放電圧：３８３．０Ｖ）を用い、キャパシタ２０として、電気二重層キャパシタモジュール（蓄電容量：１５０Ｗｈ、入力電圧範囲：０〜４１４Ｖ）を用い、二次電池３０として、リチウムイオン電池モジュール（負極材料：グラファイト、正極材料：ＬｉＦｅＰＯ４、蓄電容量：２６．０ｋＷｈ、電圧範囲：２６０〜３７４．４Ｖ、最大電流：１８０Ａ）を用いた。また、所定値Ｔｓ（発電量が微弱であるか否かを判定する閾値）を１０００Ｗとし、所定値Ｔｃ１（キャパシタ２０の放電を開始する閾値）を、キャパシタ２０の蓄電容量の８０％とし、所定値Ｔｃ２（キャパシタ２０の放電を停止する閾値）を、キャパシタ２０の蓄電容量の４０％とし、所定値Ｔｂ１（キャパシタ２０から二次電池３０への充電を停止する閾値）を、二次電池３０の蓄電容量の１００％とし、所定値Ｔｂ２（二次電池３０の放電を停止する閾値）を、二次電池３０の蓄電容量の３１％とした。また、外部電源からの電力を二次電池３０に充電する深夜の時間帯を、２２時〜２時とし、二次電池３０に蓄積された電力を負荷６０に供給する白昼の時間帯を、１０時〜１４時とした。
2. Experimental Results An experiment for evaluating the photovoltaic power generation system 1 according to this embodiment was performed in the Tokyo area. In this experiment, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell module (maximum output: 5.2 kW, open voltage: 383.0 V) is used as the solar cell 10, and an electric double layer capacitor module (storage capacity: 150 Wh, input) as the capacitor 20. The secondary battery 30 is a lithium ion battery module (negative electrode material: graphite, positive electrode material: LiFePO 4 , storage capacity: 26.0 kWh, voltage range: 260 to 374.4 V, maximum current) : 180A) was used. Further, the predetermined value Ts (threshold for determining whether or not the amount of power generation is weak) is set to 1000 W, the predetermined value Tc1 (threshold for starting discharge of the capacitor 20) is set to 80% of the storage capacity of the capacitor 20, and the predetermined value Ts1 The value Tc2 (threshold for stopping discharging of the capacitor 20) is set to 40% of the storage capacity of the capacitor 20, and the predetermined value Tb1 (threshold for stopping charging from the capacitor 20 to the secondary battery 30) is set to the value of the secondary battery 30. The storage capacity was set to 100%, and the predetermined value Tb2 (threshold for stopping discharging of the secondary battery 30) was set to 31% of the storage capacity of the secondary battery 30. In addition, the night time zone in which the power from the external power source is charged into the secondary battery 30 is 22:00 to 2 o'clock, and the daytime time zone in which the power stored in the secondary battery 30 is supplied to the load 60 is 10 It was time to 14:00.
晴天、曇天、雨天の日のそれぞれにおける、太陽電池１０の発電量、キャパシタ２０の充放電電力量及び電圧、二次電池３０の電圧及びＳＯＣの変化を測定した。 The amount of power generated by the solar cell 10, the charge / discharge power amount and voltage of the capacitor 20, the voltage of the secondary battery 30, and the change of the SOC on each day of fine weather, cloudy weather, and rainy weather were measured.
図４に、晴天の日（２０１６年７月３０日、晴れ）のデータを示す。図４を見ると、朝夕の激しく変化する１０００Ｗ（所定値Ｔｓ）以下の微弱な発電電流が、その変化の通りにキャパシタ２０に溜まっているのが分かる。また、昼間においても雲の陰り等により時折発電量が微弱になり、この微弱な電流がキャパシタ２０に溜められているのが分かる。この日の太陽電池１０の発電量は、８２．８７ＭＪ（２３．０２ｋＷｈ）であり、キャパシタ２０の放（充）電量は、７．８９ＭＪ（２．１９ｋＷｈ）であった。すなわち、総発電量の１０％弱にあたる微弱電流がキャパシタ２０に蓄電された。なお、キャパシタ２０から二次電池３０に充電された電力量は、２．８９ＭＪ（０．８０ｋＷｈ）であった。 FIG. 4 shows data on a sunny day (July 30, 2016, sunny). As can be seen from FIG. 4, a weak generated current of 1000 W (predetermined value Ts) or less that changes drastically in the morning and evening is accumulated in the capacitor 20 according to the change. In addition, it can be seen that the amount of power generation is sometimes weak even during the daytime due to the shade of clouds, and this weak current is stored in the capacitor 20. The power generation amount of the solar cell 10 on this day was 82.87 MJ (23.02 kWh), and the discharge (charge) amount of the capacitor 20 was 7.89 MJ (2.19 kWh). That is, a weak current corresponding to a little less than 10% of the total power generation amount was stored in the capacitor 20. The amount of power charged from the capacitor 20 to the secondary battery 30 was 2.89 MJ (0.80 kWh).
図５に、曇天の日（２０１６年７月２１日、雨後一時曇）のデータを示す。図５を見ると、発電量は一日中僅かな時間を除いて微弱であり、この微弱な電流がその変化の通りにキャパシタ２０に溜められているのが分かる。この日の太陽電池１０の発電量は、２２．０８ＭＪ（６．１３ｋＷｈ）であり、キャパシタ２０の放（充）電量は、１３．１５ＭＪ（３．６５ｋＷｈ）であった。すなわち、総発電量の６０％弱にあたる微弱電流がキャパシタ２０に蓄電された。なお、キャパシタ２０から二次電池３０に充電された電力量は、３．６０ＭＪ（１．００ｋＷｈ）であった。 FIG. 5 shows data on a cloudy day (July 21, 2016, temporarily cloudy after rain). Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the power generation amount is weak except for a short time all day, and this weak current is stored in the capacitor 20 according to the change. The power generation amount of the solar cell 10 on this day was 22.08 MJ (6.13 kWh), and the discharge (charge) amount of the capacitor 20 was 13.15 MJ (3.65 kWh). That is, a weak current corresponding to a little less than 60% of the total power generation amount was stored in the capacitor 20. The amount of power charged from the capacitor 20 to the secondary battery 30 was 3.60 MJ (1.00 kWh).
図６に、雨天の日（２０１６年８月２７日、雨時々曇）のデータを示す。図６を見ると、発電量は一日中微弱であり、この微弱な電流がその変化の通りにキャパシタ２０に溜められているのが分かる。この日の太陽電池１０の発電量は、１２．２０ＭＪ（３．３９ｋＷｈ）であり、キャパシタ２０の放（充）電量は、８．２６ＭＪ（２．２９ｋＷｈ）であった。すなわち、総発電量の６７．７％もの微弱電流がキャパシタ２０に蓄電された。なお、キャパシタ２０から二次電池３０に充電された電力量は、２．３０ＭＪ（０．６４ｋＷｈ）であった。 FIG. 6 shows data on a rainy day (August 27, 2016, rainy and cloudy). Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the amount of power generation is weak all day, and this weak current is stored in the capacitor 20 according to the change. The power generation amount of the solar cell 10 on this day was 12.20 MJ (3.39 kWh), and the discharge (charge) amount of the capacitor 20 was 8.26 MJ (2.29 kWh). That is, a weak current of 67.7% of the total power generation amount was stored in the capacitor 20. The amount of power charged from the capacitor 20 to the secondary battery 30 was 2.30 MJ (0.64 kWh).
このように、本実験の結果、本実施形態に係る太陽光発電システム１により、微弱な発電電流をキャパシタ２０で効率良く回収することができ、朝夕であっても曇りや雨天の場合であっても、太陽電池１０で発電した電力を効率良く利用できることが確認された。 As described above, as a result of this experiment, the photovoltaic power generation system 1 according to the present embodiment can efficiently recover a weak generated current with the capacitor 20, and it is a cloudy or rainy day even in the morning and evening. It was also confirmed that the power generated by the solar cell 10 can be used efficiently.
なお、本発明は、上述の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、種々の変更が可能である。本発明は、実施の形態で説明した構成と実質的に同一の構成（例えば、機能、方法及び結果が同一の構成、あるいは目的及び効果が同一の構成）を含む。また、本発明は、実施の形態で説明した構成の本質的でない部分を置き換えた構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施の形態で説明した構成と同一の作用効果を奏する構成又は同一の目的を達成することができる構成を含む。また、本発明は、実施の形態で説明した構成に公知技術を付加した構成を含む。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, A various change is possible. The present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments (for example, configurations that have the same functions, methods, and results, or configurations that have the same objects and effects). In addition, the invention includes a configuration in which a non-essential part of the configuration described in the embodiment is replaced. In addition, the present invention includes a configuration that exhibits the same operational effects as the configuration described in the embodiment or a configuration that can achieve the same object. Further, the invention includes a configuration in which a known technique is added to the configuration described in the embodiment.
例えば、上記実施形態では、太陽光発電システム１がキャパシタ２０を１つ備える場合について説明したが、太陽光発電システム１は複数のキャパシタ２０を備えてもよい。例えば、太陽光発電システム１が２つのキャパシタ２０を備える場合、制御回路は、太陽電池１０からの電力を一方のキャパシタ２０に充電する期間に、他方のキャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を二次電池３０に充電（他方のキャパシタ２０を放電）し、一方のキャパシタ２０に蓄積された電力を二次電池３０に充電（一方のキャパシタ２０を放電）する期間に、太陽電池１０からの電力を他方のキャパシタ２０に充電するといった制御を繰り返してもよい。このようにすると、太陽電池１０で発電した微弱な電力を、継続して複数のキャパシタ２０に蓄電することができ、当該微弱な電力をより効率良く回収することができる。また、制御回路は、太陽電池１０からの電力を複数のキャパシタ２０に同時に充電し、複数のキャパシタ２０を同時に放電する制御を行ってもよい。これにより、キャパシタ２０の高出力化を図ることができる。 For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the solar power generation system 1 includes one capacitor 20 has been described, but the solar power generation system 1 may include a plurality of capacitors 20. For example, when the solar power generation system 1 includes two capacitors 20, the control circuit uses the power stored in the other capacitor 20 as the secondary battery during the period in which the power from the solar battery 10 is charged in the one capacitor 20. 30 is charged (the other capacitor 20 is discharged), and the electric power stored in one capacitor 20 is charged to the secondary battery 30 (one capacitor 20 is discharged). Control such as charging the capacitor 20 may be repeated. In this way, the weak power generated by the solar cell 10 can be continuously stored in the plurality of capacitors 20, and the weak power can be recovered more efficiently. In addition, the control circuit may perform control to simultaneously charge the plurality of capacitors 20 with the electric power from the solar cell 10 and discharge the plurality of capacitors 20 simultaneously. Thereby, high output of the capacitor 20 can be achieved.
また、発電装置として燃料電池やエナジーハーベストを用いてもよい。図７に、燃料電池のＩ−Ｖカーブを示す。なお、図７には、二次電池（鉛蓄電池）の電圧も示している。図７に示すように、燃料電池は太陽電池と同様のＩ−Ｖ特性を有している。燃料電池では、電流値が上がっていくと、様々な抵抗が増して電圧が急激に低下する。そのため、燃料電池で発電した電力を二次電池で充電するには、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを用いて降圧又は昇圧しなければならない。一方、キャパシタを用いれば、電圧の変化に関係なく効率良く充電することができる。特に低い電圧での微弱な発電は殆ど使われてこなかったため、燃料電池をキャパシタと組み合わせることで、効率的な充電が可能となる。また、エナジーハーベストでは、発電電力が非常に小さい（μＷ単位）ため、コンバータを使用するのは現実的ではない。一方、エナジーハーベストを小型のキャパシタと組み合わせれば、電圧の変化があり且つ微弱な電流をそのまま充電することができ、効率的な充電が可能となる。 Further, a fuel cell or energy harvest may be used as the power generation device. FIG. 7 shows an IV curve of the fuel cell. FIG. 7 also shows the voltage of the secondary battery (lead storage battery). As shown in FIG. 7, the fuel cell has the same IV characteristics as the solar cell. In a fuel cell, as the current value increases, various resistances increase and the voltage rapidly decreases. Therefore, in order to charge the electric power generated by the fuel cell with the secondary battery, the voltage must be stepped down or boosted using a DC-DC converter. On the other hand, if a capacitor is used, it can charge efficiently irrespective of the change of a voltage. In particular, weak power generation at a low voltage has hardly been used, and efficient charging is possible by combining a fuel cell with a capacitor. Moreover, in energy harvest, since the generated electric power is very small (microwatt unit), it is not realistic to use a converter. On the other hand, when energy harvest is combined with a small capacitor, a voltage is changed and a weak current can be charged as it is, and efficient charging becomes possible.
１…太陽光発電システム、１０…太陽電池、２０…キャパシタ、３０…二次電池、４０…パワーコンディショナ、４１，４２…ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ（電圧変換器）、４３…インバータ、５０，５１，５２…スイッチ素子、６０…負荷 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solar power generation system, 10 ... Solar cell, 20 ... Capacitor, 30 ... Secondary battery, 40 ... Power conditioner, 41, 42 ... DC-DC converter (voltage converter), 43 ... Inverter, 50, 51, 52 ... Switch element, 60 ... Load
Claims (3)
前記太陽電池に接続されたキャパシタと、
前記キャパシタに電圧変換器を介して接続された二次電池と、
前記太陽電池の発電量が所定値Ｔｓを超える場合に、前記太陽電池からの電力を負荷に供給し、前記太陽電池の発電量が所定値Ｔｓ以下である場合に、前記太陽電池からの電力を前記キャパシタに充電し、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電する制御回路とを備えた、太陽光発電システム。 Solar cells,
A capacitor connected to the solar cell;
A secondary battery connected to the capacitor via a voltage converter;
When the power generation amount of the solar cell exceeds a predetermined value Ts, the power from the solar cell is supplied to the load. When the power generation amount of the solar cell is equal to or less than the predetermined value Ts, the power from the solar cell is A solar power generation system comprising: a control circuit that charges the capacitor and charges the secondary battery with electric power stored in the capacitor.
前記制御回路は、
前記キャパシタの残容量が所定値Ｔｃ１に達した場合に、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電する制御を開始し、前記キャパシタの残容量が所定値Ｔｃ２（ｔｃ２＜ｔｃ１）以下となった場合に、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電する制御を停止する、太陽光発電システム。 In claim 1,
The control circuit includes:
When the remaining capacity of the capacitor reaches a predetermined value Tc1, control for charging the secondary battery with the electric power stored in the capacitor is started, and the remaining capacity of the capacitor is equal to or less than a predetermined value Tc2 (tc2 <tc1) When it becomes, the solar power generation system which stops the control which charges the electric power accumulate | stored in the said capacitor to the said secondary battery.
前記制御回路は、
前記二次電池の残容量が所定値Ｔｂ未満である場合に、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を前記二次電池に充電し、前記二次電池の残容量が所定値Ｔｂ以上である場合には、前記キャパシタに蓄積された電力を負荷に供給する、太陽光発電システム。 In claim 1 or 2,
The control circuit includes:
When the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is less than a predetermined value Tb, the power stored in the capacitor is charged into the secondary battery, and when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is greater than or equal to a predetermined value Tb A photovoltaic power generation system that supplies power stored in the capacitor to a load.
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| WO2020036033A1 (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社辰巳菱機 | Detection system |
| JP2022090852A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-20 | 日本ケミコン株式会社 | Photovoltaic power generation system, its control method, program, recording medium and storage control device |
| JP2022168465A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-11-08 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ インフラシステムズ | Power storage device, power storage method, and power generation system |
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