JP2018119803A - Friction and wear testing machine - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】試験信頼性が高く、簡単な構造からなる摩擦摩耗試験機の提供を目的とする。【解決手段】試験片を保持するホルダー部と、前記試験片に摺接する摩擦部材とを備え、前記試験片と前記摩擦部材とを相対的に往復運動又は回転運動させるための運動機構と、前記試験片と前記摩擦部材との摺接状態と離間状態とを機械的に切り換えるための切換機構とを有することを特徴とする。【選択図】 図１An object of the present invention is to provide a friction and wear tester having a high test reliability and a simple structure. A movement mechanism for reciprocating or rotating the test piece and the friction member relative to each other, the holder portion holding the test piece and a friction member slidingly contacting the test piece; And a switching mechanism for mechanically switching between a sliding state and a separated state of the test piece and the friction member. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、材料の摩擦摩耗試験機に関し、特に摩擦面の潤滑切れ防止構造に係る。 The present invention relates to a friction and wear tester for materials, and particularly relates to a structure for preventing lubrication of a friction surface.
材料の摩擦摩耗試験は、試験片を相手面に押し当て相対運動させる摩耗試験であるが、摩擦面を無潤滑で行う乾式と、摩擦面に水，油等の潤滑剤を供給して行う湿式とがある。
一般的に乾式は、摩擦面の摩耗が安定しない。
これに対して、潤滑性液体を用いた潤滑下の湿式摩擦試験では、摩擦面の異常発熱を抑え、摩耗量の再現性が高い。
しかし、従来の摩擦摩耗試験では試験片を相手面に常に接触させた状態で、相対的な往復運動又は回転運動させるために摩擦面から潤滑剤が排除され、枯渇潤滑状態になりやすく、再現性の高い正しい摩耗試験結果が得られない課題があった。
The friction and wear test of materials is a wear test in which a test piece is pressed against a mating surface to make a relative movement, but a dry type in which the friction surface is unlubricated and a wet type in which a lubricant such as water or oil is supplied to the friction surface. There is.
In general, the dry type is not stable on the friction surface.
On the other hand, in a wet friction test under lubrication using a lubricating liquid, abnormal heat generation on the friction surface is suppressed and the wear amount is highly reproducible.
However, in the conventional friction and wear test, the lubricant is removed from the friction surface in order to perform relative reciprocating or rotating movement while the specimen is always in contact with the mating surface, and it is easy to become depleted lubrication. There was a problem that high wear test results could not be obtained.
特許文献１には、摩擦係数測定装置ではあるものの、第５図に案内板１９に設けられたパターン設定カム２０ｂを有するスライド面のパターン設定構造を開示する。
しかし、同公報の第３図を見ると明らかなように、両側の支柱１６ａ，１６ｂに門構え状に固定されたガイドシャフト１５ａ，１５ｂに固定した本体支柱１４を有し、この本体支柱１４に対して上下動するアーム１０に、摩擦係数を測定するための工具３が固定されている。
このことから、工具３はパターン設定カム２０ｂに沿って直接上下動するものではなく、このパターン設定カム２０ｂの形状をセンサー等にて検出し、その電気信号によりベロフラムシリンダーが伸縮するものと認められ、機械的に直接接触パターンを制御するものではなく、電気的な複雑な制御である。
よって、上下の機械的構造も複雑となっている。
Patent Document 1 discloses a slide surface pattern setting structure having a pattern setting cam 20b provided on the guide plate 19, although it is a friction coefficient measuring device.
However, as apparent from FIG. 3 of the same publication, the main column 14 is fixed to the guide shafts 15a and 15b fixed to the gates 16a and 16b on both sides. A tool 3 for measuring a friction coefficient is fixed to the arm 10 that moves up and down.
Therefore, the tool 3 is not directly moved up and down along the pattern setting cam 20b, but the shape of the pattern setting cam 20b is detected by a sensor or the like, and it is recognized that the bellowram cylinder expands and contracts by the electric signal. The contact pattern is not mechanically controlled directly, but is an electrically complicated control.
Therefore, the upper and lower mechanical structures are also complicated.
本発明は、試験信頼性が高く、簡単な構造からなる摩擦摩耗試験機の提供を目的とする。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction and wear tester having a high test reliability and a simple structure.
本発明に係る摩擦摩耗試験機は、試験片を保持するホルダー部と、前記試験片に摺接する摩擦部材とを備え、前記試験片と前記摩擦部材とを相対的に往復運動又は回転運動させるための運動機構と、前記試験片と前記摩擦部材との摺接状態と離間状態とを機械的に切り換えるための切換機構とを有することを特徴とする。 A friction and wear tester according to the present invention includes a holder portion for holding a test piece and a friction member that is in sliding contact with the test piece, and relatively reciprocating or rotating the test piece and the friction member. And a switching mechanism for mechanically switching between a sliding state and a separated state between the test piece and the friction member.
ここで、摺接状態と離間状態とを機械的に切り換えるとは、電気的駆動部を有することなく、その相互の機械的要素の接触又は離間により、試験片と摩擦部材とが接触状態と離間状態とに切り換わることをいう。
例えば、切換機構は倣い機構又はカム機構である例が挙げられる。
ここで倣い機構とは、一方の機械的要素に設けた案内部（ガイド部）に沿って、他方の機械的要素が移動することをいう。
Here, mechanical switching between the sliding contact state and the separation state means that the test piece and the friction member are separated from the contact state and separation by the contact or separation of the mechanical elements of each other without having an electric drive unit. It means switching to a state.
For example, the switching mechanism may be a copying mechanism or a cam mechanism.
Here, the copying mechanism means that the other mechanical element moves along a guide part (guide part) provided in one mechanical element.
本発明においては、摩擦係数の計測手段を有してもよく、その場合には摩擦力を測定する部位に影響がない位置に前記切換機構を有しているのが好ましい。 In this invention, you may have a measuring means of a friction coefficient, In that case, it is preferable to have the said switching mechanism in the position which does not affect the site | part which measures a frictional force.
本発明においては、試験片と摩擦部材との接触面が簡便に且つ機械的に分離（離間）と接触を繰り返すので、分離状態のときに潤滑剤がその濡れ性等により摩擦面に供給されるので、安定した摩耗試験結果が得られる。
切換機構として倣い部材，カム等を用いた場合に、これらの形状，設置位置を変えることで、潤滑剤の供給タイミングを簡便に変更できる。
In the present invention, the contact surface between the test piece and the friction member repeats separation (separation) and contact easily and mechanically, so that the lubricant is supplied to the friction surface due to its wettability in the separated state. Therefore, a stable wear test result can be obtained.
When a copying member, a cam, or the like is used as the switching mechanism, the supply timing of the lubricant can be easily changed by changing these shapes and installation positions.
図１は、本発明を適用した往復運動式摩擦摩耗試験機の構造例を示す。
図２は、摩擦部の拡大図を示す。
往復運動する部分は、ベース部１１の上部側にスライド１２を設けてある。
ベース部１１とスライド１２との間には、一方にＬＭレール，他方にＬＭブロック等、公知のＬＭガイド機構が採用されており、ベース部１１内に駆動部を有する。
スライド１２には、摩擦部材２１を取り付けるための取付部１３を有し、この取付部１３の摩擦部材２１の取り付け位置から離れた位置に、機械要素としての倣い部材３２を固定した固定部３１をこの取付部１３の側面に連結してある。
ここで摩擦部材２１は、試験片２２の摩耗量を評価するための相手材である。
FIG. 1 shows a structural example of a reciprocating friction and wear tester to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the friction part.
The reciprocating portion is provided with a slide 12 on the upper side of the base portion 11.
A known LM guide mechanism, such as an LM rail on one side and an LM block on the other side, is employed between the base portion 11 and the slide 12, and a drive portion is provided in the base portion 11.
The slide 12 has an attachment portion 13 for attaching the friction member 21, and a fixing portion 31 to which a copying member 32 as a mechanical element is fixed at a position away from the attachment position of the friction member 21 of the attachment portion 13. It is connected to the side surface of the mounting portion 13.
Here, the friction member 21 is a counterpart material for evaluating the wear amount of the test piece 22.
往復運動しない部分は、２本の支柱１９を立設し、この支柱１９の上部に設けた左右一対のシャフト受け部１９ａ間に架け渡すように、支持シャフト１６ａを回動自在に装着してある。
支持シャフト１６ａの中央部には、ブロック状の支持部１６を固定連結してある。
支持部１６の両側から水平方向に延在させた一対の弾性材からなる摩擦力検出部１７を取り付け、この一対の摩擦力検出部１７の他端側にホルダー部１４を連結してある。
ホルダー部１４の下部には、図２，３に示すように試験片装着部１４ａを設け、試験片２２を着脱できるようになっている。
支持部１６から摩擦力検出部１７に影響を与えないように、ウエイト保持部１５を延在させてあり、試験片２２に摩擦部材２１に向けて所定の押圧荷重がかかるようにウエイト１５ａを装着できるようになっている。
本実施例は、ピン部１５ｂにした例になっている。
試験片２２の装着位置から離れた位置に、機械要素である摺動部材としてのベアリング３３を支持部１６側からあるいは、ウエイト保持部１５側を介して取り付けてある。
これによりホルダー部１４は、支持シャフト１６ａを回動中心として上下方向に回動自在になっている。
そこで本実施例は、ウエイト１５ａを載せない状態ではホルダー部１４及びウエイト保持部１５が水平状態になるように、バランサー１８を図１では支持部の裏面側（ホルダー部の反対側）に、バランス調整可能に取り付けた例になっている。
これにより、ウエイト１５ａの重さがそのまま試験片への荷重となる。
また、摩擦力検出部１７には図示を省略した、歪みゲージを取り付けることで、試験片２２が摩擦部材２１の表面を摺接移動しはじめ、あるいは摺接移動中の水平方向の力（摩擦力）を検出することができ、ウエイト１５ａの値から静摩擦係数，動摩擦係数等が測定できる。
In the portion that does not reciprocate, two support columns 19 are erected, and a support shaft 16a is rotatably mounted so as to span between a pair of left and right shaft receiving portions 19a provided on the upper portion of the support column 19. .
A block-shaped support portion 16 is fixedly connected to the center portion of the support shaft 16a.
A frictional force detection unit 17 made of a pair of elastic materials extending horizontally from both sides of the support unit 16 is attached, and a holder unit 14 is connected to the other end of the pair of frictional force detection units 17.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a test piece mounting portion 14 a is provided below the holder portion 14 so that the test piece 22 can be attached and detached.
The weight holding portion 15 is extended so as not to affect the friction force detecting portion 17 from the support portion 16, and the weight 15a is mounted on the test piece 22 so that a predetermined pressing load is applied toward the friction member 21. It can be done.
In this embodiment, the pin portion 15b is used.
A bearing 33 as a sliding member, which is a mechanical element, is attached to the position away from the mounting position of the test piece 22 from the support portion 16 side or via the weight holding portion 15 side.
As a result, the holder portion 14 is rotatable in the vertical direction around the support shaft 16a.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the balancer 18 is balanced on the back side of the support portion (opposite side of the holder portion) in FIG. 1 so that the holder portion 14 and the weight holding portion 15 are horizontal when the weight 15a is not placed. It is an example that can be adjusted.
Thereby, the weight of the weight 15a becomes the load to the test piece as it is.
Further, by attaching a strain gauge (not shown) to the frictional force detection unit 17, the test piece 22 starts to slidably move on the surface of the friction member 21 or a horizontal force (frictional force during the slidable movement). ) And the static friction coefficient, dynamic friction coefficient, etc. can be measured from the value of the weight 15a.
次に、図３に基づいて摩擦摩耗試験機の動きを説明する。
図３（ａ）の状態では、ホルダー１４の試験片装着部１４ａに装着した試験片２２には、ウエイト１５ａの荷重が負荷された状態で摩擦部材２１に接触し、スライド１２の左右方向の往復運動により、この摩擦部材２１も往復運動する。
図３では分かりやすくするために取付部１３を省略して、摩擦部材２１を模式的に表現してあるが、手前側に試験片２２と摩擦部材２１が位置し、その奥側に少し離れて倣い部材３２とベアリング３３とが位置している。
本実施例では、摩擦部材２１の形状を逆台形にて表現してあるが、これに限定されるものではない。
図３（ａ）の状態から摩擦部材２１が左側に移動すると、図３（ｂ）に示すようにベアリング３３が倣い部材３２の外側方向が上側に位置する傾斜面（倣い面）３２ａに沿って上昇し、これに伴い試験片２１の摩擦面が摩擦部材２１の表面から離れ、この間に潤滑剤がその濡れ性により、摩擦部材２１の摩擦部に供給される。
図３（ｂ）が往路とすると、次の復路の工程にてベアリング３３が倣い部材３２から離れ、試験片２２の摩擦面は潤滑剤が供給された摩擦部材２１の表面に接触する。
よって、試験片２２と摩擦部材２１とが接触と離間を繰り返しながら往復運動することになり、摩耗試験の信頼性が向上する。
なお、本実施例は摩擦部材が往復運動した例になっているが、試験片側が往復運動してもよい。
Next, the movement of the friction and wear tester will be described with reference to FIG.
In the state of FIG. 3A, the test piece 22 mounted on the test piece mounting portion 14a of the holder 14 comes into contact with the friction member 21 under the load of the weight 15a, and the slide 12 reciprocates in the left-right direction. Due to the movement, the friction member 21 also reciprocates.
In FIG. 3, the attachment portion 13 is omitted for the sake of clarity, and the friction member 21 is schematically represented. However, the test piece 22 and the friction member 21 are located on the near side, and a little apart on the far side. The copying member 32 and the bearing 33 are located.
In the present embodiment, the shape of the friction member 21 is expressed as an inverted trapezoid, but is not limited to this.
When the friction member 21 moves to the left side from the state shown in FIG. 3A, the bearing 33 moves along an inclined surface (copying surface) 32a where the outer side of the copying member 32 is positioned on the upper side as shown in FIG. 3B. As a result, the friction surface of the test piece 21 moves away from the surface of the friction member 21, and the lubricant is supplied to the friction portion of the friction member 21 due to its wettability.
3B, the bearing 33 is separated from the copying member 32 in the next return path step, and the friction surface of the test piece 22 comes into contact with the surface of the friction member 21 supplied with the lubricant.
Therefore, the test piece 22 and the friction member 21 reciprocate while repeating contact and separation, and the reliability of the wear test is improved.
In this embodiment, the friction member reciprocates, but the test piece side may reciprocate.
本発明は、往復運動摩擦摩耗試験に限定されるものではなく、図４は転がり摩耗試験に適用した例である。
摩擦部材１２１と試験片１２２とが回転しながら相互に接触する摩耗試験方法であるが、摩擦部材と試験片との一方に、同軸上にカム１３２と他方に同軸上のベアリング等の摺動部材１３３とを設けることで、２つの回転体が接触と離間を繰り返す。
図５は、ピンオンディスクタイプであり、ディスク側の外周部に沿ってカム２３２を設け、試験片２２２を装着したホルダー１１４側にカム形状に沿って上下方向に移動する摺動部材２３３を設けた例である。
図６は、リングオンディスクタイプを示し、回転するディスク３２１の表面にカム部３３２を取り付けることで、試験片３２２を摺動部材（ベアリング）３３３と連動させ、接触と離間を繰り返すようにした例である。
このように本発明は、各種構造の摩擦摩耗試験機に適用できる。
The present invention is not limited to the reciprocating frictional wear test, and FIG. 4 is an example applied to a rolling wear test.
This is a wear test method in which the friction member 121 and the test piece 122 are in contact with each other while rotating. The sliding member such as a cam 132 on the same axis and a coaxial bearing on the other side is provided on one of the friction member and the test piece. By providing 133, the two rotating bodies repeat contact and separation.
FIG. 5 shows a pin-on-disk type in which a cam 232 is provided along the outer periphery of the disk side, and a sliding member 233 that moves vertically along the cam shape is provided on the holder 114 side where the test piece 222 is mounted. This is an example.
FIG. 6 shows a ring-on-disk type in which a test piece 322 is interlocked with a sliding member (bearing) 333 by attaching a cam portion 332 to the surface of a rotating disk 321 so that contact and separation are repeated. It is.
Thus, the present invention can be applied to friction and wear testers having various structures.
１１ ベース部
１２ スライド
１３ 取付部
１４ ホルダー部
１５ ウエイト保持部
１５ａ ウエイト部
１６ 支持部
１６ａ 支持シャフト
１７ 摩擦力検出部
１８ バランサー
１９ 支柱
１９ａ シャフト受け部
２１ 摩擦部材
２２ 試験片
３１ 固定部
３２ 倣い部材
３３ ベアリング
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Base part 12 Slide 13 Attachment part 14 Holder part 15 Weight holding part 15a Weight part 16 Support part 16a Support shaft 17 Friction force detection part 18 Balancer 19 Strut 19a Shaft receiving part 21 Friction member 22 Test piece 31 Fixing part 32 Copying member 33 bearing
Claims (3)
前記試験片と前記摩擦部材とを相対的に往復運動又は回転運動させるための運動機構と、
前記試験片と前記摩擦部材との摺接状態と離間状態とを機械的に切り換えるための切換機構とを有することを特徴とする摩擦摩耗試験機。 A holder portion for holding the test piece, and a friction member in sliding contact with the test piece,
A motion mechanism for relatively reciprocating or rotating the test piece and the friction member;
A friction and wear testing machine comprising a switching mechanism for mechanically switching between a sliding contact state and a separation state between the test piece and the friction member.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2017009447A JP6869528B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Friction wear tester |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2017009447A JP6869528B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | Friction wear tester |
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| JP2018119803A true JP2018119803A (en) | 2018-08-02 |
| JP6869528B2 JP6869528B2 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020159782A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Friction coefficient measuring device and friction coefficient measuring method |
| CN112697451A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-23 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | In-line type switching structure of material friction abnormal sound test bed |
| CN120609698A (en) * | 2025-08-12 | 2025-09-09 | 兰州华汇仪器科技有限公司 | A compatible friction testing machine |
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2017
- 2017-01-23 JP JP2017009447A patent/JP6869528B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020159782A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Friction coefficient measuring device and friction coefficient measuring method |
| JP7190231B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2022-12-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Friction coefficient measuring device and friction coefficient measuring method |
| CN112697451A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-23 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | In-line type switching structure of material friction abnormal sound test bed |
| CN112697451B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-10-24 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | In-line switching structure of material friction abnormal sound test bed |
| CN120609698A (en) * | 2025-08-12 | 2025-09-09 | 兰州华汇仪器科技有限公司 | A compatible friction testing machine |
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