JP2018114724A - Coated substrate and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a coated substrate capable of providing high fireproof performance and a method for producing the same.
A coated base material includes a combustible base material 10 and an alkali metal silicate layer 30 provided on the combustible base material 10, and the alkali metal silicate layer 30 contains fibers.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a coated substrate and a method for producing the same.

  Conventionally, combustible base materials, such as wooden materials (including wood), are known as base materials for building materials and the like. Even if it is a combustible base material, since fireproof performance is requested | required, providing an alkali metal silicate layer on the surface of a wooden material and giving fireproof performance is known.

JP2013-142246A JP 2006-143934 A

  However, in the conventional method, the alkali metal silicate layer expands greatly in a high temperature environment such as a flammability test, cracks occur in the alkali metal silicate layer, or the alkali metal silicate layer peels off from the flammable substrate. -It often falls off, resulting in a significant reduction in fire protection performance. In addition, for example, it is conceivable to coat a flammable substrate with gypsum or cement, and this method can provide high fireproofing performance, but since these materials are opaque, such as the pattern of the flammable substrate Visibility could not be secured.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has an object to provide a coated base material capable of visually recognizing the surface of a combustible base material from the outside while further improving fire prevention performance, and a method for producing the same. To do.

  The coated base material according to the present invention includes a combustible base material and an alkali metal silicate layer provided on the combustible base material. The alkali metal silicate layer contains fibers.

  According to the present invention, since the alkali metal silicate layer contains fibers, the expansion of the alkali metal silicate layer in a high-temperature atmosphere such as during a fire is suppressed. As a result, suppression of cracking of the alkali metal silicate layer, suppression of peeling and dropping off of the alkali metal silicate layer from the flammable base material, and further maintenance of the thickness of the alkali metal silicate layer are improved, thereby improving fire prevention performance. .

  Here, the fiber may be a glass fiber. In this case, since the light transmittance and transparency of the alkali metal silicate layer are maintained, a pattern such as a grain of the surface of the combustible substrate can be visually recognized from the outside.

  The fiber may be a short fiber, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric. In this case, the expansion of the alkali metal silicate layer in a high-temperature atmosphere such as in a fire is further suppressed, and the fireproof performance is improved.

  The combustible substrate may be a wood material.

  The alkali metal silicate layer may contain sodium silicate as a main component.

The dry weight of the alkali metal silicate per unit area in the alkali metal silicate layer may be 180 g / m ² or more.

  Further, the visible light transmittance of the alkali metal silicate layer may be 70% or more.

  The manufacturing method of the coating base material concerning this invention comprises the process of forming the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer containing a fiber on the surface of a combustible base material.

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned coated substrate can be easily produced. In addition, since the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer contains fibers, the holding power of the aqueous solution is increased, and the aqueous solution penetrates the base material locally. Sagging of the aqueous solution from the edge of the substrate is reduced. Therefore, the uniformity of the thickness of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer can be increased, and the average thickness of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer itself can be increased. And by drying this, the uniformity of the thickness of the alkali metal silicate layer of the coating substrate is increased, and the thickness of the alkali metal silicate layer can be increased.
Further, in the present embodiment, since the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer contains fibers, even if the surface of the substrate is inclined, thick coating is possible while having high thickness uniformity.

  The surface of the combustible substrate may be inclined by 30 ° or more with respect to a horizontal plane.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the coating base material which can improve fireproof performance more, and its manufacturing method are provided.

(A)-(c) of FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of the covering base material concerning embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first method for producing a coated substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second manufacturing method of the coated substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third manufacturing method of the coated substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  A coated substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown to (a)-(c) of FIG. 1, the coating base material 100 concerning this embodiment is the flammable base material 10, the primer layer 20 provided on the surface of the flammable base material 10, and An alkali metal silicate layer 30 and a top layer 40 provided on the primer layer 20 are provided.

(Flammable base material)
The flammable substrate 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is formed from a flammable material. Examples of flammable substrates are wood lumber, lumber, plywood, LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber), laminated lumber, CLT (CrossLaminated Timber), structural panels (oriented strand board (OSB)), particle board, fiber board Etc. Wood material.

Other examples of the flammable substrate 10 are polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS, polycarbonate, methyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane, natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, EPDM, fluorine resin, polyester, melamine Resin materials such as polyamide, which can be in bulk, foam or other forms.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the thickness of the combustible base material 10. FIG. For example, it can be set to 3 μm to 3.5 m.

(Primer layer)
The primer layer 20 is a layer that improves the adhesion between the combustible substrate 10 and the alkali metal silicate layer 30, but is not essential. The primer layer can be an adhesive resin such as a modified epoxy resin or a urethane resin. It is also possible to use inorganic materials such as silica and alumina as the primer layer.

The thickness of the primer layer 20 is not limited, but from the viewpoint of enhancing transparency, it is preferably 180 μm or less (corresponding to a coating amount of 500 g / m ² or less), more preferably 110 μm or less (corresponding to a coating amount of 300 g / m ² or less). From the viewpoint of obtaining an adhesion improving effect and a sealing effect, it is preferably 15 μm or more (corresponding to a coating amount of 50 g / m ² or more), and 36 μm or more (corresponding to a coating amount of 100 g / m ² or more). Is more preferred.

(Alkali metal silicate layer)
The alkali metal silicate layer 30 is mainly composed of M ₂ O · nSiO ₂ . Here, M is Na, K, Li, or a combination thereof. n is a molar ratio indicating the number of moles of SiO ₂ with respect to the number of moles of M ₂ O, and is 2.0 to 3.8. Further, n can be preferably 2.0 to 3.3.

  Among these, it is preferable that M is Na, that is, sodium silicate is a main component.

The concentration of M ₂ O · nSiO _{2 in} the alkali metal silicate layer 30 exceeds 50% by mass, and is 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, and 95% by mass or more. it can. The alkali metal silicate layer may include phosphate, borate and the like. It is preferable that the alkali metal silicate layer 30 does not contain a gelling agent such as polyvinyl alcohol in order to suppress precipitation of the silicate gel.

  The thickness of the alkali metal silicate layer 30 can be set to 30 μm or more, preferably 90 μm or more, and more preferably 150 μm or more from the viewpoint of imparting fire prevention performance. The thickness can be 900 μm or less, preferably 600 μm or less, more preferably 450 μm or less from the viewpoints of transparency and workability.

The weight of the alkali metal silicate per unit area of the alkali metal silicate layer 30 is 60 g / m ² or more in dry weight (corresponding to 100 g / m ² or more in aqueous solution application), preferably dry weight, from the viewpoint of imparting fire prevention performance. It can be 180 g / m ² or more (corresponding to an aqueous solution coating amount of 300 g / m ² or more), more preferably a dry weight of 300 g / m ² or more (corresponding to an aqueous solution coating amount of 500 g / m ² or more). From the viewpoint of transparency and workability, the thickness is 1800 g / m ² or less in dry weight (corresponding to an application amount of 3000 g / m ² or less in aqueous solution), preferably 1200 g / m ² or less in dry weight (2000 g / m ² or less in aqueous solution application amount) Equivalent), more preferably a dry weight of 900 g / m ² or less (corresponding to an application amount of aqueous solution of 1500 g / m ² or less).

(fiber)
The alkali metal silicate layer 30 includes fibers. Examples of the fiber include glass fiber; carbon fiber; ceramic fiber such as alumina fiber and silica fiber; resin fiber such as aramid fiber and polypropylene fiber; metal fiber such as carbon steel fiber, stainless steel fiber and plated steel fiber.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the fibers can be dispersed in the alkali metal silicate layer 30. When dispersed, the preferred fiber diameter is 0.003 to 1 mm, and the preferred fiber length is 0.1 to 100 mm. The amount of fiber when dispersed can be from 0.1 to 20% by weight. In FIG. 1 (a), the fibers f are intertwined, and in FIG. 1 (b), the fibers f are not intertwined. From the viewpoint of improving the nonflammability performance by suppressing expansion during a fire, it is preferable that the fibers are intertwined. A short fiber is a fiber of 50 mm or less. The length of the short fiber is preferably 15 mm or less, and can also be 10 mm or less.

  It is also preferable that the fibers form a sheet and the fiber sheet is embedded in the alkali metal silicate layer 30. Examples of the fiber sheet are woven fabric (such as plain weave) and non-woven fabric. In FIG. 1C, a woven fabric 35 is illustrated as an example of a fiber sheet in the alkali metal silicate layer 30. The woven fabric 35 has warps 35a and wefts 35b. Glass fiber woven fabric (glass cloth) and non-woven fabric (glass mat, etc.) are particularly suitable fiber sheets in this embodiment.

  The thickness of the fiber sheet can be 0.003 to 2 mm.

When the fiber sheet is a glass fiber woven or non-woven fabric, the weight per unit area of the fiber sheet can be 1 to 1000 g / m ² .
The fiber sheet is preferably completely embedded in the alkali metal silicate layer 30, but a part of the fiber sheet may protrude from the alkali metal silicate layer 30.

(Top layer)
A top layer 40 can be provided on the alkali metal silicate layer 30 to protect it from water or the like. Examples of the material of the top layer 40 are alkyd resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, acrylic silicon resin, fluorine resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, vinylidene chloride copolymer resin, vinyl chloride resin, etc. (regardless of aqueous or solvent type) ). The top layer 40 can be laminated by being applied as a coating liquid, or bonded together as a film formed in advance via an adhesive or the like, and may not be present.

  The laminated body of the primer layer 20 and the alkali metal silicate layer 30 should just be formed in at least one part of the surface of the combustible base material 10. FIG.

  When the conventional coated substrate is exposed to a high temperature environment such as a fire, the alkali metal silicate layer expands more than the flammable substrate, and the alkali metal silicate layer cracks. This crack becomes a big factor which reduces the fireproof performance of a covering base material. However, in the present embodiment, the alkali metal silicate layer 30 contains fibers. Since the alkali metal silicate layer 30 containing fibers hardly expands even when exposed to a high temperature environment such as a fire, cracks hardly occur and the fireproof performance is improved. This is effective even when fibers are dispersed in the alkali metal silicate layer 30, but the effect is particularly high when a fiber sheet is used.

  Furthermore, when glass fiber is used, the refractive index of glass and alkali metal silicate is close, so the visible light transmittance of the alkali metal silicate layer is hardly reduced, and haze (cloudiness) is also reduced. Do not raise too much. Therefore, it is preferable that the pattern (wood grain or the like) on the surface of the combustible substrate such as a wood material can be visually recognized from the outside.

  Further, since it contains fibers, it is preferable that large cracks do not easily enter the alkali metal silicate layer even when exposed to a high-temperature dry atmosphere for a long time.

(Method for producing sheet-like fiber-embedded coated substrate)
Then, the manufacturing method of the covering base material 100 which uses a sheet-like fiber is demonstrated with reference to FIG.

  First, as shown to (a) of FIG. 2, the combustible base material 10 is prepared. In the present embodiment, the surface of the combustible substrate 10 is inclined by 90 ° with respect to the horizontal plane. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2B, a primer layer 20 is formed on the surface of the combustible substrate 10 by a known method.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2C, an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution (water glass) is applied on the primer layer 20 to form an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a. The alkali metal silicate aqueous solution (water glass) is the above-mentioned aqueous solution of M ₂ O · nSiO ₂ . The coating amount of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution can be 50 g / m ² or more, 150 g / m ² or more, 250 g / m ² or more, 1500 g / m ² or less, 1000 g / m ² or less, 750 g / m ² or less. It can be.

  As the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution, water glass Nos. 1 to 3 defined in JIS K1408 can be suitably used. Moreover, in water glass Nos. 1 to 3, n is 2.0 to 3.3, but water glass having n of 2.0 to 3.8 can also be suitably used.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2D, sheet-like fibers (for example, woven fabric 35) such as glass cloth are attached on the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a before drying. Since the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution has a high viscosity, it is possible to temporarily fix a fiber sheet such as the woven fabric 35 on the surface of the combustible substrate 10 simply by sticking.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2 (e), an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution (water glass) is further applied on the fiber sheet (for example, the woven fabric 35) to form the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a. Increase the thickness. The coating amount of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution applied for the second time can be 50 g / m ² or more, 150 g / m ² or more, 250 g / m ² or more, 1500 g / m ² or less, 1000 g / m ² or less, It can be 750 g / m ² or less.
If necessary, another sheet-like fiber (for example, woven fabric 35) may be attached to the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a and further applied with an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution.

The total coating amount of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a can be, for example, 100 g / m ² or more, 300 g / m ² or more, 500 g / m ² or more, 3000 g / m ² or less, 1000 g / m ² or less, It can be set to 1500 g / m ² or less.

  The total thickness of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a formed by multiple times of application can be set to 30 to 900 μm, for example.

  Thereafter, the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a is dried to obtain a solid alkali metal silicate layer 30, and then, on the alkali metal silicate layer 30 as shown in FIG. The top layer 40 is formed.

(Manufacturing method of embedded substrate with sheet-like fiber tip)
Then, another manufacturing method of the covering base material 100 using a sheet-like fiber is demonstrated with reference to FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b), a flammable substrate 10 is prepared in the same manner as in the method for producing a sheet-like fiber-embedded coated substrate, and the flammable substrate 10 The primer layer 20 is formed on the surface of this by a known method.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3C, a sheet-like fiber (for example, woven fabric 35) is temporarily fixed on the primer layer 20 on the surface of the combustible substrate 10. The method of temporary fixing is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, mechanical fixing by staple, pin, screwing, etc., fixing by applying an adhesive partially or entirely, and the like.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3D, an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution (water glass) is applied to the sheet-like fiber (for example, woven fabric 35) on the primer layer 20, and the sheet-like fiber ( For example, the above-mentioned alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a in which the woven fabric 35) is embedded is formed. The coating amount of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution can be 100 g / m ² or more, 300 g / m ² or more, 500 g / m ² or more, 3000 g / m ² or less, 2000 g / m ² or less, 1500 g / m ² or less. can do. The thickness of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a can be set to, for example, 30 to 900 μm.

  Thereafter, the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a is dried to obtain a solid state alkali metal silicate layer 30 in which sheet-like fibers (for example, woven fabric 35) are embedded, and then, as shown in FIG. As shown, a top layer 40 is formed on the alkali metal silicate layer 30.

(Method for producing fiber-dispersed coated substrate)
Then, the manufacturing method of the coating | coated base material 100 in which the fiber of (a) or (b) of FIG. 1 is disperse | distributing is demonstrated with reference to FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 4 (a) and FIG. 4 (b), a flammable substrate 10 is prepared in the same manner as in the manufacturing method of the sheet-like fiber buried mold, and the surface of the flammable substrate 10 is prepared. The primer layer 20 is formed by a known method. Next, a solution in which fibers are dispersed in an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution is prepared.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution (water glass) in which fibers are dispersed is applied onto the primer layer 20, and an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a containing dispersed fibers is applied. Form. The alkali metal silicate aqueous solution (water glass) is the above-mentioned aqueous solution of M ₂ O · nSiO ₂ . The coating amount of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution can be 50 g / m ² or more, 150 g / m ² or more, 250 g / m ² or more, 1500 g / m ² or less, 1000 g / m ² or less, 750 g / m ² or less. It can be.

  As the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution, water glass Nos. 1 to 3 defined in JIS K1408 can be suitably used. Moreover, in water glass Nos. 1 to 3, n is 2.0 to 3.3, but water glass having n of 2.0 to 3.8 can also be suitably used.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4 (d), the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a in which the fibers are dispersed is dried to obtain the alkali metal silicate layer 30. Then, as shown in FIG. The top layer 40 is formed on the alkali metal silicate layer 30 as shown in FIG.

  According to these embodiments, the alkali metal silicate layer 30 containing fibers is formed.

  According to the manufacturing method concerning this embodiment, the covering base material mentioned above can be manufactured easily. Moreover, since the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a contains fibers, the holding power of the aqueous solution of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a is increased. Accordingly, local penetration of the aqueous solution into the flammable substrate, repelling of the local aqueous solution on the flammable substrate, uneven coating of the aqueous solution, sagging of the aqueous solution from the end of the flammable substrate, and the like are reduced. Therefore, the uniformity of the thickness of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a can be increased, and the average thickness itself of the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a can be increased. And by drying this, the uniformity of the thickness of the alkali metal silicate layer 30 of the coating substrate is increased, and the thickness of the alkali metal silicate layer 30 can be increased. Therefore, the fireproof performance of the coated substrate can be further increased.

  In addition, in the case of coating a flammable substrate on site, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the surface of the flammable substrate is not a horizontal plane and forms an angle of 30 ° or more with respect to the horizontal plane. There are many cases. In particular, when an angle of 30 ° or more is formed with respect to the horizontal plane, dripping of the alkali silicate aqueous solution becomes significant, and it is difficult to form a thick alkali silicate layer unless coating / drying is repeated many times. There are many. However, in the present embodiment, since the alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer 30a contains fibers, even if it is inclined as such, it can be thickly coated while having high thickness uniformity.

  In particular, since the primer layer 20 and the alkali metal silicate layer 30 including the fibers are excellent in transparency, a pattern such as the grain of the combustible substrate 10 can be easily visually recognized from the surface. For example, the visible light transmittance of the alkali metal silicate layer 30 containing fibers can be 70% or more. Therefore, the coated base material 100 according to the present embodiment is also excellent in aesthetics, and is particularly suitable for architectural applications and the like that require a aesthetic appearance of the base material. The term “transparent” as used herein refers to a state in which a pattern such as a wood grain or a pattern of a flammable substrate can be visually recognized, and includes colorless and transparent as well as colored and translucent. .

  Such a covering base material 100 is, for example, a building structure such as a pillar, a beam, a floor, a wall, or a roofing material, a ceiling material, an inner wall material, an exterior material, a staircase, a building finishing material, etc. It can be used as an interior material for automobiles, railways, ships, etc., and a material for furniture.

  In the present embodiment, it is not denied that a general flame retardant, for example, various phosphate flame retardants such as phosphate ester, phosphazene, bromine, and inorganic (magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, etc.) are used in combination.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the said embodiment, although it has one sheet | seat of fiber, it can have two or more layers.

(Example A1)
A cedar material was prepared as a flammable substrate. On the horizontal surface of the cedar material, MODEPICS 302 was applied to form a primer layer. Thereafter, a sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass No. 3: n = 3.1 to 3.3) was applied at 350 g / m ² on the primer layer to form a sodium silicate aqueous solution layer. Thereafter, sheet-like glass fibers (Central Glass Fiber Surface Mat FC-30S) were attached to the aqueous solution layer. Furthermore, 350 g / m ^{2 of a} sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass) was applied on the glass fiber nonwoven fabric to make the sodium silicate aqueous solution layer about 210 μm in total. Thereafter, the aqueous sodium silicate solution was dried to form a sodium silicate layer (dry weight 420 g / m ² per unit area of alkali metal silicate) containing a glass fiber nonwoven fabric to obtain coated wood.

(Example A2)
The amount of sodium silicate aqueous solution applied on the primer layer is 250 g / m ² , the amount of sodium silicate aqueous solution applied on the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 250 g / m ² , and the total thickness of the sodium silicate aqueous solution layer is about 150 μm. And the same procedure as in Example A1 except that the dry weight per unit area of the alkali metal silicate was 300 g / m ² .

(Example A3)
The coating amount of the sodium silicate aqueous solution applied on the primer layer is 150 g / m ² , the coating amount of the sodium silicate aqueous solution applied on the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 150 g / m ² , and the total thickness of the sodium silicate aqueous solution layer is about 90 μm. And the same as Example A1, except that the dry weight per unit area of the alkali metal silicate was 180 g / m ² .

(Example A4)
The amount of sodium silicate aqueous solution applied on the primer layer is 75 g / m ² , the amount of sodium silicate aqueous solution applied on the glass fiber nonwoven fabric is 75 g / m ² , and the total thickness of the sodium silicate aqueous layer is about 45 μm. And the same as Example A1, except that the dry weight per unit area of the alkali metal silicate was 90 g / m ² .

(Example B1)
A cedar material was prepared as a flammable substrate. On the horizontal surface of the cedar material, MODEPICS 302 was applied to form a primer layer. Thereafter, 700 g of a sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass No. 3: n = 3.1 to 3.3) in which 0.5% by weight of dispersed glass fiber (length 13 mm, diameter 15 μm) is dispersed on the primer layer. / M ^{2 is} applied to form a sodium silicate aqueous solution layer, and then the sodium silicate aqueous solution is dried to form a sodium silicate layer containing glass fibers (dry weight 420 g / m ² per unit area of alkali metal silicate). And coated wood was obtained.

(Example B2)
A cedar material was prepared as a flammable substrate. On the horizontal surface of the cedar material, MODEPICS 302 was applied to form a primer layer. Then, 700 g / m ^{2 of a} sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass No. 3: n = 3.1 to 3.3) in which 2% by weight of dispersed glass fiber (length 3 mm, diameter 15 μm) was dispersed on the primer layer. Coating to form a sodium silicate aqueous solution layer, and then drying the sodium silicate aqueous solution to form a sodium silicate layer containing glass fibers (dry weight 420 g / m ² per unit area of alkali metal silicate) Got wood.

(Comparative Examples A1, A2)
Except not using a sheet-like glass fiber and a dispersion-type glass fiber, it carried out similarly to Example A1, A3.

(Evaluation: Transparency)
The transparency of the sodium silicate layer containing glass fibers was visually evaluated for the coated wood of each example. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. ○ means that the grain of the cedar wood surface was clearly visible, and the visible light transmittance of the sodium silicate layer containing glass fiber corresponds to 80% or more.

(Evaluation: exothermic test)
The exothermic test using a cone calorimeter based on ISO 5660-1: 2002 was performed on the coated wood of each example. The degree of swelling during the exothermic test was also visually observed. The results are shown in Table 1. For Examples B1 and B2 and Comparative Examples A1 and A2, only the degree of swelling during combustion was observed. In the judgment of the swelling, the small swelling was defined as a swelling of a distance of less than 15 mm from the combustible substrate, the middle of the swelling was defined as 15 mm or more and less than 50 mm, and the large swelling was defined as a swelling of 50 mm or more.

(Evaluation: High temperature drying test)
After the coated woods of Examples A1 to A4 and Comparative Examples A1 and A2 were stored in an environment of 60 ° C. and 10% RH for 6 days, the surface was visually observed to confirm the presence or absence of large cracks.

Regarding the swelling during the exothermic test, Comparative Examples A1 and A2 swelled greatly, while Examples B1 and B2 were moderate, and Examples A1 to A4 had a slight swelling. As can be seen from the comparison between Example A1 and Comparative Example A1 in which the amount of sodium silicate applied is the same, and the comparison with Example A3 and Comparative Example A2, in the example compared to the comparative example containing no fiber, the swelling occurs. Suppressed. It is considered that blistering during combustion leads to cracking, peeling and dropping of the sodium silicate layer, and significantly reduces the fire resistance. Therefore, it was confirmed that the fireproof performance is greatly improved by containing the fiber. In particular, in Examples A1 and A2, the calorific value for 20 minutes was 8 MJ / m ² or less, which satisfied the standard for nonflammable materials. Moreover, in any example, the grain of the cedar wood surface was clearly visible, and the transparency was good.

(Example C1)
A glass fiber nonwoven fabric (Central Glass Fiber Surface Mat FC-30S) is temporarily fixed on the surface of the cedar material forming the vertical plane, and then a sodium silicate aqueous solution (water glass No. 3: n = 3.1) on the glass fiber nonwoven fabric. -3.3) was applied, and the maximum coating amount at which no sagging of the aqueous solution occurred was determined, and it was 458 g / m ² in the case of the vertical plane. When the angle was 30 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, it was 700 g / m ² .

(Comparative Example C1)
The procedure was the same as Example C1 except that no glass fiber nonwoven fabric was used. When the maximum coating amount at which no sagging of the aqueous solution occurred was determined, it was 76 g / m ² in the case of a vertical surface. When the angle was 30 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, it was 172 g / m ² .

(Example C2)
When the aqueous solution of sodium silicate was changed to water glass No. 1: n = 2.0 to 2.3, the same as in Example C1, the maximum coating amount at which no dripping (vertical surface) of the aqueous solution occurred was 916 g / m ^2. Met.

(Example C3)
Water glass No. 3 obtained by evaporating a 4% sodium silicate aqueous solution: the same as Example C1 except that n = 3.1 to 3.3, and the maximum coating amount that does not cause sagging (vertical surface) of the aqueous solution. Was 620 g / m ² .

(Example C4)
Water glass No. 3 obtained by evaporating 7% of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate: the same amount as in Example C1 except that n = 3.1 to 3.3, and the maximum coating amount that does not cause sagging (vertical surface) of the aqueous solution Was 1058 g / m ² .

(Evaluation of transparency and haze of alkali metal silicate layer)
(Evaluation A)
700 g / m ² of water glass 3 was applied to the transparent glass plate.

(Evaluation B)
700 g / m ² of water glass 3 was applied to a transparent glass plate, and a glass cloth was placed thereon.

(Evaluation C)
700 g / m ² of water glass 3 was applied to the transparent glass plate, a glass cloth was placed thereon, and 700 g / m ^{2 of} water glass 3 was applied again.

  The visible light transmittances of the alkali metal silicate layers (Evaluations B and C include fibers) were 90.1%, 83.8%, and 83.4%, respectively. The measurement of the visible light transmittance of each alkali metal silicate layer was based on JIS3106 “Testing method of transmittance, reflectance, emissivity, and solar heat gain of plate glass”.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Flammable base material, 20 ... Primer layer, 30 ... Alkali metal silicate layer, 100 ... Coated base material.

Claims (9)

A flammable substrate, and an alkali metal silicate layer provided on the flammable substrate;
The said alkali metal silicate layer is a coating | coated base material containing a fiber.   The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the fibers are glass fibers.   The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the fiber is a short fiber, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric.   The coated base material according to claim 1, wherein the combustible base material is a wood material.   The said alkali metal silicate layer is a coating | coated base material of any one of Claims 1-4 which has sodium silicate as a main component. The coated substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dry weight of the alkali metal silicate per unit area in the alkali metal silicate layer is 180 g / m ² or more.   The visible light transmittance of the said alkali metal silicate layer is a coated base material of any one of Claims 1-5 which is 70% or more.   A method for producing a coated substrate, comprising a step of forming an alkali metal silicate aqueous solution layer containing fibers on the surface of a combustible substrate. The method according to claim 8, wherein the surface of the combustible substrate is inclined by 30 ° or more with respect to a horizontal plane.

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