JP2018188323A - 炭素短繊維強化複合材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素短繊維強化複合材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】基材部と、前記基材部に接する少なくとも1つの摺動部とを有し、前記基材部および摺動部がそれぞれ構成成分として、複数の少なくとも一部がSiC化した炭素短繊維束と、前記複数の炭素短繊維束間に存在するSiCマトリックスとを有し、前記摺動部の炭素短繊維束が、前記基材部の炭素短繊維束よりも高いSiC化率を有することを特徴とする炭素短繊維強化複合材料。
【選択図】なし
Description
そこで、本発明では、境界層ができることなく、物理特性の異なる基材部と摺動部とを有する炭素短繊維強化複合材料を提供することを目的としている。
また、本発明の炭素短繊維強化複合材料の製造方法は、ピッチでカーボンコーティングした基材部用炭素短繊維束にフェノール樹脂を混合して、基材部用混合体を得る工程と、フェノール樹脂で樹脂コーティングした摺動部用炭素短繊維束にSiCおよびフェノール樹脂を混合して、摺動部用混合体を得る工程と、成形型に前記摺動部用混合体と前記基材部用混合体とを投入し、加温下にて加圧成形して硬化体を得る工程と、前記硬化体を2000℃以上で焼成することで焼成体を得る工程と、前記焼成体を真空中、約1500℃でシリコン溶融含浸法によりケイ素含浸する工程と、を有することを特徴とする。
本発明では、上記の構成を有することにより、基材部と摺動部との間に境界層ができることなく、高強度でかつ、高靭性を備えた炭素短繊維強化複合材料を得ることができる。
上記炭素短繊維強化複合材料中の基材部と摺動部との比率(重量比)は、概ね3:1〜5:1である。
SiCマトリックスは、それぞれの炭素短繊維束を固め、炭素短繊維強化複合材料のを緻密化して、材料としての強度を付与する成分である。
摺動部におけるSiCマトリックスとしては、例えば、ピッチが好適に用いられる。このピッチを炭素短繊維束と混合した後、通常2000℃以上で焼成することで、炭化させ、ケイ素(Si)を溶融含浸させることで反応し、SiC化したものである。
SiCマトリックスは、炭素短繊維束に対して、概ね50重量%以上70重量%以下程度の量で存在することが好ましい。
摺動部の炭素短繊維束のSiC化率が80%を超える場合、摺動部と基材との熱膨張差が大きく、亀裂が発生することがある。一方、摺動部の炭素短繊維束のSiC化が45%未満の場合、炭素のままの繊維の残存が多く、磨耗が大きくなる傾向がある。また、基材部の炭素短繊維束のSiC化率が25%超の場合、靭性が低下する傾向がある。一方、基材部の炭素短繊維束のSiC化率が5%未満の場合、摺動部と基材との熱膨張差が大きく、亀裂が発生することがある。
ピッチなどでカーボンコーティングした基材部用炭素短繊維束にフェノール樹脂を混合して、基材部用混合体を準備する。一方、フェノール樹脂などで樹脂コーティングした摺動部用炭素短繊維束にSiC及びフェノール樹脂を混合して、摺動部用混合体を準備する。次いで、成形型に摺動部用混合体、基材部用混合体、及び摺動部用混合体の順に投入し、加温下に加圧成形して硬化体を得た後、2000℃以上で焼成することで焼成体を得る。さらに、この焼成体を真空中、約1500℃でシリコン溶融含浸(Melt Infiltration:MI)法によるケイ素含浸を行うことで、炭素短繊維強化複合材料を得ることができる。
なお、炭素短繊維強化複合材料の製造は前記方法に限られず、種々の公知の方法により製造することができる。
基材部用の炭素短繊維束(直径7μm以上15μm以下;長さ4mm以上14mm以下;4,000本束)を、ピッチをエタノールで50wt%に希釈した溶液に、該炭素繊維束が十分に浸るように浸漬した後、該溶液から取り出し、100℃以下で100分以上乾燥させ、カーボンコーティングした基材部用炭素短繊維束を得た。
摺動部用の炭素短繊維束(直径7μm以上15μm以下;長さ4mm以上14mm以下;4,000本束)を、フェノール樹脂をエタノールで50wt%に希釈した溶液に、該炭素繊維束が十分に浸るように浸漬した後、該溶液から取り出し、100℃以下で100分以上乾燥させ、樹脂コーティングした摺動部用炭素短繊維束を得た。
次に、前記基材部用炭素短繊維束70〜80wt%とフェノール樹脂20〜30wt%と(基材部用炭素短繊維束及びフェノール樹脂の合計は100wt%)エタノールとを混合して基材部用混合体を得た。
同様に、前記摺動部用炭素短繊維束65〜75wt%と、SiC(平均粒径0.5μm)10〜30wt%と、フェノール樹脂5〜15wt%と(摺動部用炭素短繊維束、SiC及びフェノール樹脂の合計は100wt%)エタノールとを混合して摺動部用混合体を得た。
成形型に、摺動部用混合体、基材部用混合体、及び摺動部用混合体の順に投入し、100℃以上でかつ100kgf/cm2以上の圧力で成型し、800℃以上で100分以上加熱してφ150mm×t15mmの硬化体を得た。
この硬化体を還元雰囲気下、2000℃以上で40分以上焼成することで焼成体を得た。さらに得られた焼成体を真空中、約1500℃で溶融ケイ素を含浸して、炭素短繊維強化複合材料を得た。
[SiC化率]
炭素短繊維強化複合材料を切断、研磨し、炭素短繊維束の断面を露出させた。炭素短繊維束の中心にX線が当たるように調整し、EDX分析した。得られたSi及びCのピーク強度比から炭素短繊維束のSiC割合を算出した。任意の異なる10箇所の炭素短繊維束の断面をEDX分析し、算出したSiC割合の平均値をSiC化率とした。
[曲げ強さ]
3mm×4mm×40mmの試験片を作製し、JIS R 1601による方法で、クロスヘッドスピードを0.5mm/minとして3点曲げ強さ(MPa)を測定した。
[破壊エネルギー]
3mm×4mm×40mmの試験片を作製し、中央部に、厚さ0.1mmのダイヤモンドブレードを用いて深さ約2mmのストレートノッチを形成し、JCRS−201に準拠して、破壊エネルギーの測定を行った。支点間距離は30mm、クロスヘッドスピードは0.01mm/minとし、最大荷重値の5%までの単位面積当たりの破壊エネルギー(J/m2)を求めた。
基材部用の炭素短繊維束を、ピッチをエタノールで60wt%に希釈した溶液に浸漬したこと、摺動部用の炭素短繊維束を、フェノール樹脂をエタノールで60wt%に希釈した溶液に浸漬したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、炭素短繊維強化複合材料を得た。
実施例1と同様に、炭素短繊維強化複合材料のSiC化率、曲げ強さ、破壊エネルギーを測定した。
基材部用の炭素短繊維束を、ピッチをエタノールで35wt%に希釈した溶液に浸漬したこと、摺動部用の炭素短繊維束を、フェノール樹脂をエタノールで35wt%に希釈した溶液に浸漬したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、炭素短繊維強化複合材料を得た。
実施例1と同様に、炭素短繊維強化複合材料のSiC化率、曲げ強さ、破壊エネルギーを測定した。
基材部も摺動部も同じ炭素短繊維束(直径7μm以上15μm以下;長さ4mm以上14mm以下;4,000本束)を用い、フェノール樹脂をエタノールで50wt%に希釈した溶液に、該炭素繊維束が十分に浸るように浸漬した後、該溶液から取り出し、100℃以下で100分以上乾燥させ、樹脂コーティングした炭素短繊維束を得て、炭素短繊維束70〜80wt%及びフェノール樹脂20〜30wt%を混合して(炭素短繊維束及びフェノール樹脂の合計は100wt%)基材部用混合体を得た。次いで、実施例1と同様にして、炭素短繊維強化複合材料を得た。
実施例1と同様に、炭素短繊維強化複合材料のSiC化率、曲げ強さ、破壊エネルギーを測定した。
Claims (3)
- 基材部と、前記基材部に接する少なくとも1つの摺動部とを有し、
前記基材部および摺動部がそれぞれ構成成分として、複数の少なくとも一部がSiC化した炭素短繊維束と、前記複数の炭素短繊維束間に存在するSiCマトリックスとを有し、
前記摺動部の炭素短繊維束が、前記基材部の炭素短繊維束よりも高いSiC化率を有することを特徴とする炭素短繊維強化複合材料。 - 前記摺動部の炭素短繊維束中のSiC化率が45%以上80%以下であり、かつ、前記基材部の炭素短繊維束中のSiC化率が5%以上25%以下であることを特徴とする炭素短繊維強化複合材料。
- ピッチでカーボンコーティングした基材部用炭素短繊維束にフェノール樹脂を混合して、基材部用混合体を得る工程と、
フェノール樹脂で樹脂コーティングした摺動部用炭素短繊維束にSiCおよびフェノール樹脂を混合して、摺動部用混合体を得る工程と、
成形型に前記摺動部用混合体と前記基材部用混合体とを投入し、加温下にて加圧成形して硬化体を得る工程と、
前記硬化体を2000℃以上で焼成することで焼成体を得る工程と、
前記焼成体を真空中、約1500℃でシリコン溶融含浸法によりケイ素含浸する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする炭素短繊維強化複合材料の製造方法。
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