JP2018179881A - Building monitoring system, building monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building monitoring system capable of realizing continuous monitoring of a building serving as a social infrastructure such as a bridge at low cost and avoiding a potential danger caused by deterioration of the building. SOLUTION: A sound data storage unit 110 for accumulating sound temporal behavior data obtained by measuring the temporal behavior of structural members in an existing sound building, and a structural member in an existing unhealthy building over time. The unhealthy data storage unit 120, which stores unhealthy temporal behavior data obtained by measuring behavior, compares the healthy temporal behavior data with the unhealthy temporal behavior data, and calculates the behavior pattern for each unhealthy factor. Behavior pattern extraction processing unit 130, behavior pattern storage unit 140 in which behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor is accumulated, evaluation target data storage unit 150 in which evaluation target temporal behavior data is accumulated, and evaluation target temporal behavior It is provided with a soundness evaluation processing unit 160 that collates the data with the behavior pattern data for each unhealthy factor and calculates the degree of unhealthyness. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a system and the like for monitoring a building such as a bridge, a building, or an iron tower.

  Japan's bridges exceed 700,000 bridges. Among them, there are more than 150,000 bridges with a length of more than 15 m, and more than 79,000 bridges, corresponding to more than 50% of them, exceed 40 years in 2020.

  Bridges may not be structurally safe due to various causes as well as aged deterioration. The loss of safety greatly affects people's daily lives and economic activities. This is a major factor in increasing the vulnerability of the land during disasters.

  On the other hand, in Japan, it is clear that the working population will decrease by 5% in the next five years, and another 5% in another five years. In other words, the working population will decrease by 10% in the next 10 years, and by 2030, the aging of the population will further progress to reach 38.7% of the total population and at the same time the working population is expected to fall below 50%. Ru.

  Under such circumstances, if you want to keep all bridges in Japan safely, it will be important for daily continuous inspection and monitoring, and if one person is responsible for inspection and maintenance for one bridge, labor will be 1.2% of the population will be occupied by this task. In this case, it becomes a social infrastructure with a high cost structure, which is unrealistic. As described above, it is required to realize maintenance and management of various structures including bridges and the like (for example, buildings, roads, airports, and ports) at low cost.

  The applicant has already proposed a measurement method that enables objective measurement of the condition of a building (see Patent Document 1 below).

Patent No. 6042854

  In the case of a new building such as a bridge, it is possible to attach sensors to each part at the construction stage, and it is possible to obtain data from the sensor over time as the bridge is put into service. Monitoring the transition of this data enables anomaly detection. However, even if a sensor is subsequently installed on an existing bridge and data is acquired from the sensor over time, since there is no past aged data, it is not possible to determine the current abnormality.

  In addition, in a building whose deterioration progresses gradually over a long period, it may be difficult even to predict the deterioration factor. For example, in the case of a building, when a new deterioration factor which can not be predicted in the past is found, there has been a problem that simultaneous inspections have to be performed on all buildings of the same type and measures are taken after the fact.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention can realize continuous monitoring of a social infrastructure, such as a bridge, at low cost, and can avoid potential hazards resulting from deterioration of the building. An object of the present invention is to provide a building monitoring system capable of achieving longevity of the building through appropriate maintenance.

  The present invention for achieving the above object is a building monitoring system implemented by a computer, which is obtained by measuring the behavior over time of structural members in an existing sound building which is likely to have a high degree of soundness. Behavioral data are stored, Unhealthy temporal behavior obtained by measuring temporal behavior of structural members in a healthy data storage unit and existing unhealthy buildings that may be similar to the existing healthy buildings and have a low degree of health The unhealthy data storage unit where the data is stored, and the temporal behavior pattern of the structural member specific to each of the unhealthy factors by comparing the above-mentioned healthy temporal behavior data and the above-mentioned unhealthy temporal behavior data The behavior pattern storage unit stores the behavior pattern data classified by unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extraction processing unit and the behavior pattern extraction processing unit to be calculated. An evaluation target data storage unit for storing evaluation target temporal behavior data obtained by determining time-lapse measurement of structural members in a monitoring target building and the evaluation target temporal behavior data and the evaluation target temporal behavior data described above It is a building monitoring system characterized by having a soundness evaluation processing part which collates behavior pattern data according to unhealthy factors, and computes unhealthy degree of the above-mentioned building for monitoring.

  In relation to the building monitoring system, the sound data storage unit accumulates the sound temporal behavior data of the existing sound building having a small degree of occurrence of unhealthy factors from the time of construction to the present. It is characterized by being.

  In relation to the above-mentioned building monitoring system, the above-mentioned unhealthy data storage unit, from the time of construction to the present, the above-mentioned unhealthy time-lapse behavior of the existing unhealthy building with a high degree of occurrence of unhealthy factors It is characterized in that data is accumulated.

  A plurality of the unhealthy factors are set in relation to the building monitoring system, and the unhealthy factor among the plurality of unhealthy factors is limitedly generated in the unhealthy data storage unit. It is characterized in that the unhealthy temporal behavior data of the existing unhealthy building having a high degree of accumulation is accumulated for each of the plurality of unhealthy factors.

  In relation to the above-mentioned building monitoring system, it is characterized in that the unhealthy factor includes at least one of earthquake, salt damage and live load.

  In relation to the building monitoring system, the unhealthy factor includes at least one of corrosion, fatigue, cracking, breakage, deformation, displacement, and strain of a structural member.

  In relation to the building monitoring system, the sound data storage unit includes a plurality of different types of existing sound buildings in classification of at least one of a structure type, a type type, and a size type. Sound temporal behavior data is stored, and the unhealthy data storage unit stores a plurality of different types of the existing unhealthy buildings in the classification of at least one of the structure type, the type type, and the size type. The unhealthy temporal behavior data is stored.

  In relation to the above-mentioned building monitoring system, the classification of the building is characterized by including an orientation in which the building extends.

  In relation to the above-mentioned building monitoring system, the sound temporal behavior data and / or the unhealthy temporal behavior data forcefully the existing sound building and / or the existing unhealthy structure. It is characterized by including measurement data of behavior when an external force is applied.

  In relation to the building monitoring system, the sound data storage unit stores environmental data around the existing sound building, which is measured simultaneously with the sound temporal behavior data, and the unsound data storage unit In the above, environmental data around the existing unhealthy building, which is measured simultaneously with the unhealthy temporal behavior data, is accumulated.

  In relation to the above-mentioned building monitoring system, the building is a bridge, and the healthy temporal behavior data and the unhealthy temporal behavior data include the displacement of the girder in the bridge and the bearing portion. Stress, or any one or more of strain, displacement direction, and displacement amount.

  A maintenance history storage unit which accumulates maintenance information on maintenance activities for the monitoring object in relation to the building monitoring system, the evaluation object temporal behavior data before the execution of the maintenance activities, and the maintenance activity of the maintenance activity; The maintenance-specific behavior pattern extraction processing unit that compares the evaluation object temporal behavior data after execution with each other to calculate the temporal behavior pattern of the structural member specific to each maintenance act, and the maintenance behavioral pattern extraction And a maintenance-based behavior pattern storage unit in which the maintenance-based behavior pattern data calculated by the processing unit is accumulated.

  A maintenance necessity degree evaluation processing unit which collates the evaluation object temporal behavior data with the maintenance type behavioral pattern data in relation to the building monitoring system, and calculates the maintenance necessity degree of the monitoring object construction; And the like.

  The present invention for achieving the above object is a method of monitoring a building, which stores sounding temporal behavior data obtained by measuring the behavior of a structural member in an existing sounding structure which is likely to have a high degree of soundness. , Storing unhealthy temporal behavior data obtained by measuring temporal behavior of structural members in the existing unhealthy building, which is the same as the existing healthy building and has a low degree of health, A behavior pattern extraction step of calculating a temporal behavior pattern of a structural member specific to each of the unhealthy factors by comparing the healthy data storage step, the healthy temporal behavior data, and the unhealthy temporal behavior data. A behavior pattern storing step of storing behavior pattern data classified by unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extracting step; Evaluation object data storing step for accumulating evaluation object temporal behavior data obtained by determining temporal measurement of structural members in a ring object building, the above-mentioned evaluation object temporal behavior data and the above-mentioned unhealthy factor It is a building monitoring method characterized by including a soundness evaluation step of collating behavior pattern data and calculating an unhealthy degree of the building to be monitored.

  According to the present invention, maintenance of a safe and secure social infrastructure by a building is achieved.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of a monitoring system by embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows (A) hardware constitutions of the monitoring apparatus of the monitoring system, and is a block diagram which shows (B) functional composition. It is an (A) perspective view of the bridge used as the measuring object of the monitoring system, and a front view (B). (A) And (B) is a side view which expands and shows the support part of the same bridge. (A) and (B) are side views of the same bridge.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a building monitoring system (hereinafter, monitoring system) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, although the case where a bridge is monitored is illustrated as a structure here, the kind in particular of a structure is not limited, It is applicable to various structures, such as a building, a road, an airport, and a port.

  The monitoring system 1 includes an existing sound bridge group 10G including a plurality of existing sound bridges 10, an existing unhealthy bridge group 20G including a plurality of existing unsound bridges 20, and a plurality of existing bridges to be monitored , Monitored bridge group 30G consisting of a building to be monitored) 30, various sensors S installed in each part of these bridges (superstructure and / or substructure), and wire or radio to the sensors S It comprises and comprises the monitoring apparatus 100 used as the computer connected. In the present invention, it is not an essential requirement that the sensor S be connected to the monitoring device 100, but the measurement data obtained from the sensor S be temporarily stored in some storage medium, and monitoring via this recording medium This includes the case where measurement data is stored in the device 100.

  The hardware configuration of the monitoring device 100 is shown in FIG. This monitoring device 100 is a so-called server, and is a CPU serving as a central processing unit, a high-speed memory RAM for reading and writing temporary data, a read-only memory ROM used for storing a mother board program, and data. It has a storage medium such as a hard disk HDD that can be written for storage, an interface that performs external communication control, and an antenna that wirelessly communicates with the sensor S. In addition, this antenna is not limited to the case where it is disposed in the server that configures the hardware of the monitoring device 100, and may be a relay antenna disposed in the vicinity of each bridge.

  The monitoring program structure of the monitoring apparatus 100 is shown to FIG. 2 (B). What is shown here is a functional configuration realized by the monitoring program being executed by the CPU. As a functional configuration, the monitoring device 100 has a sound data storage unit 110, an unhealthy data storage unit 120, a behavior pattern extraction processing unit 130, a behavior pattern storage unit 140, an evaluation target data storage unit 150, and a soundness evaluation. The processing unit 160, the maintenance history storage unit 170, the maintenance-based behavior pattern extraction processing unit 175, the maintenance-based behavior pattern storage unit 180, and the maintenance necessity degree evaluation processing unit 190.

  The sound data storage unit 110 measures the temporal behavior of the structural members with respect to the existing sound bridge group 10G that may have a high degree of health, and the resultant temporal data of the healthy temporal behavior is accumulated. The sound temporal behavior data includes the displacement amount of the girder and the stress acting on the bearing in the existing sound bridge group 10G. The existing sound bridge group 10G, which may have a high degree of soundness, is selected from the existing bridges existing in an area where the level of unhealthy factors is small from the time of construction to the present.

  Further, in the sound data storage unit 110, environmental data around the existing sound bridge group 10G, which is measured simultaneously with sound temporal behavior data, is accumulated. These sound temporal behavior data and environmental data are combined and referred to as sound building measurement data.

  In addition, when selecting the existing sound bridge group 10G, different types of bridges are selected in each classification in at least any one of the structure classification, the type classification, and the size classification, in addition to the above area. This means to enrich the variation of the sound bridge to be measured. Preferably, a plurality of types are selected as the structure type, a plurality of types as the type type, and a plurality of types as the size type. More preferably, the orientation in which the healthy bridge 10 extends is included as a classification of the healthy bridge.

  Also, in the sound temporal behavior data measured from the selected existing sound bridge group 10G, an external force is forcibly applied to the existing sound bridge group 10G, and the behavior data resulting therefrom is measured (force data (forced It is preferable to include behavioral data). For example, forced external force causes a heavy vehicle to travel, hammers a structural member with a hammer, applies periodic vibration by an exciter, or thermally expands or contracts the structural member by a heating / cooling device. Giving and giving are typical.

  The unhealthy data storage unit 120 measures the temporal behavior of structural members in the existing unhealthy bridge group 20G, which is the same type as the existing healthy bridge group 10G and may have a low degree of soundness, and the resulting unhealthy Sound temporal behavior data is accumulated. In addition, in the unhealthy temporal behavior data, any one or more of the displacement amount of the girder, stress or strain acting on the supporting portion, displacement direction, displacement amount, degree of deformation, etc. in the existing unsound bridge group 10G including.

  The unhealthy data storage unit 120 also accumulates environmental data around the existing unhealthy bridge group 20G measured simultaneously with the unhealthy temporal behavior data. These unhealthy temporal behavior data and environmental data are combined and referred to as unhealthy building measurement data.

  The existing unhealthy bridge group 20G, which may have a low soundness level, can be selected from existing bridges existing in an area where the unhealthy factor is high from the time of construction to the present. As the unhealthy factors, there are a plurality of types that degrade the building, and as a result, unhealthy temporal behavior data is classified and stored according to the unhealthy factors (every). In order to collect data according to unhealthy factors (every), when selecting the unhealthy bridge 20 to be measured, the extent to which one unhealthy factor among a plurality of unhealthy factors is generated in a limited manner It is important to choose from existing bridges that exist in areas where That is, the target area may be specified according to the unhealthy factor (every), and a suitable bridge may be selected from the bridges erected there.

  In addition, the plurality of unhealthy factors that become classes of unhealthy temporal behavior data include at least any one (preferably all) of earthquake, salt damage, and live load. These unhealthy factors can be defined as unhealthy external factors that can cause the bridge to deteriorate.

  Furthermore, the plurality of unhealthy factors that become classes of unhealthy temporal behavior data include at least any one (preferably all) of corrosion, fatigue, breakage, and deformation of a structural member. These unhealthy factors are the modes of deterioration that actually occurred on the bridge, and can be defined as unhealthy internal factors. This unhealthy internal factor is often derived from an unhealthy external factor, but even if there is no external factor, it may be caused by a construction error, a design error, a defect at the time of manufacture, or the like.

  Furthermore, when selecting the existing unhealthy bridge group 20G, different types of unsound bridges are selected in each classification in the classification of at least one of the structure type, type type and size type in addition to the above area Do. This means enriching the variation of the unhealthy bridge to be measured. Preferably, a plurality of types are selected as the structure type, a plurality of types as the type type, and a plurality of types as the size type. More preferably, the direction in which the unhealthy bridge 20 extends is included as a classification of the unhealthy bridge.

  In addition, in the unhealthy temporal behavior data measured from the selected existing unsound bridge group 20G, the external force is forcibly applied to the existing unsound bridge group 20G, and the behavior generated thereby is measured It is preferable to include data (forced behavior data). For example, forced external force causes a heavy vehicle to travel, hammers a structural member with a hammer, applies periodic vibration by an exciter, or thermally expands or contracts the structural member by a heating / cooling device. Giving and giving are typical.

  The behavior pattern extraction processing unit 130 compares the healthy temporal behavior data and the unhealthy temporal behavior data, and calculates the temporal behavior pattern of the structural member specific to each unhealthy factor. The form of the behavior pattern to be calculated includes, for example, change of each measurement item, change of comparison (correlation) data (difference data, correlation data) obtained from comparison (correlation) with other measurement items, vibration mode and period There may be changes, frequency changes, etc. In addition to long-term changes, changes include time changes, daily changes, monthly changes, irregular changes, and the like. When these behavior patterns occur, it means that the bridge has some deterioration.

  The behavior pattern storage unit 140 accumulates unhealthy factor-based behavior pattern data calculated by the behavior pattern extraction processing unit 130.

  The evaluation object data storage unit 150 accumulates evaluation object temporal behavior data obtained by measuring temporal measurement of structural members in the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G.

  The soundness evaluation processing unit 160 collates the evaluation object temporal behavior data accumulated in the evaluation object data storage unit 150 with the unhealthy factor type behavioral pattern data accumulated in the behavior pattern storage unit 140, and the existing monitoring target bridge Calculate the unhealthy degree of the group 30G.

  The maintenance history storage unit 170 accumulates information (maintenance information) on the maintenance operation for the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G. The maintenance information preferably includes information on the deterioration mode and the repair work, and the deterioration modes include, for example, breakage, cracking, peeling, peeling, corrosion of the support portion or the structural member as a deterioration case to be subjected to maintenance. , Deformation, buckling, loosening of anchor bolt and set bolt, removal, breakage, roller fixation of support, corrosion, eccentricity, runout, crack, deviation, laminated rubber deformation, fracture, rubber peeling, girder slide, etc. . Repair work includes replacement, welding, bending back, reinforcement, cleaning, bolt tightening, filler replenishment, and the like.

  The maintenance type behavior pattern extraction processing unit 175 evaluates the temporal behavior data before the execution of the maintenance action for the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G and the assessment target temporal behavior data after the execution of the maintenance action for the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G. Are compared to calculate the temporal behavior pattern of the structural member specific to each maintenance action.

  The maintenance-based behavior pattern storage unit 180 accumulates the maintenance-based behavior pattern data calculated by the maintenance-based behavior pattern extraction processing unit 175.

  The maintenance necessity degree evaluation processing unit 190 compares the evaluation object temporal behavior data with the maintenance type behavior pattern data to calculate the maintenance necessity degree of the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G.

  Next, the operation (including the preparation process) and the like of the monitoring system 1 will be described.

  <Acquisition of sound temporal behavior data (reference data)>

Sound temporal behavior data is reference data in the present monitoring system 1. In order to acquire reference data, it is necessary to select an existing bridge with high soundness (existing sound bridge group 10G). For this purpose, it is necessary to sort and classify the causes (the external factor and the internal factor) that impair the soundness, and the sort case is shown in Table 1. Table 1 summarizes the deterioration (the part and the appearance of deterioration) of structural members and the like assumed in the bridge and their causes.

  As shown in Table 1, although the causes of deterioration of the bridge are diverse, a healthy bridge means that it hardly receives these effects. For this purpose, it is preferable to identify an area where there is no deterioration cause or where the level is low, and to select a bridge to be constructed in that area. That is, in the past, there were (1) no earthquakes, (2) no landslide disasters, (3) little wind, (4) little snow, (5) little traffic volume, (6) There is no salt damage, (7) no water disaster, (8) little precipitation, and (9) it is important to select a bridge in a region where the temperature is stable. It should be noted that if there is a bridge that has not received such incidents (for example, a bridge that has just been erected recently), it may be adopted instead of regionality. Of course, in the case of a new bridge, since the behavior caused by general deterioration with time can not be taken into account, a bridge which has already been established for a certain number of years, as well as a healthy bridge which has the same age as the unhealthy bridge described later You may choose

  Before the Great East Japan Earthquake, there were not many huge earthquakes, and the number of medium-sized earthquakes was small, but after the Great East Japan Earthquake, medium-sized aftershocks and the like have significantly increased. From this, for example, if an area having the least influence of earthquakes in three years from 2014 to 2016 is determined using the JMA seismic intensity database, it is possible to extract Toyama, Mie, Yamanashi, and the like. In these areas, landslides are rarely recorded, but the area by the sea is particularly affected by wind and salt damage. In addition, the influence of snowfall is considered to be significant on the Japan Sea side. In addition, the mountain basin has less wind, snowfall, less rainfall, and less salt damage. Therefore, it is the basin in Yamanashi Prefecture that most fits these conditions.

  In addition, since traffic load is the largest deterioration factor as live load, suburban areas are considered to be more healthy than cities. As a result, for example, Yamanashi Prefecture in a wide area and Kashiwazaki City in Yamanashi Prefecture in a narrower area are mentioned as optimum regions that fit all these conditions. In addition, the number of bridges managed by Amagasaki City is 240, and it is sufficient to select the most suitable bridge as a reference bridge from among them, for each type of bridge. In addition, the length of sunshine hours in Yamanashi Prefecture is 2335 hours / year on average, and it is the third highest among prefectures, and when it comes to the basin area of the prefecture, the length of sunshine hours is further extended. The long sunshine time means that the effects of solar radiation and temperature on the structural members of the bridge can be observed as a daily change, and in the case of a healthy bridge, this behavior is measured because thermal expansion and contraction as designed are repeated. Thus, it becomes possible to extract data variation (behavior) of a healthy bridge, and it is also possible to clarify how a healthy bridge behaves.

  <Unhealthy temporal behavior data>

  Next, selection of a bridge considered to be unhealthy (existing unsound bridge group 20G) will be described. In Table 1, (1) earthquake, (2) salt damage, and (3) live load are assumed as the main factors that significantly impair the soundness. there. In extracting the existing unhealthy bridge group 20G that would most likely receive these influences, it would be rational to select these (1) to (3) from regional characteristics.

  In order to examine how (1) the earthquake has an adverse effect on the existing bridge, it is the most affected by the earthquake, and (2) salt damage, (3) activity It is preferable to select an area that is not significantly affected by the load. In addition, the earthquake input of large seismic intensity is significantly affected by breakage and yield of the structural members of the bridge, and the frequent input of medium to large earthquakes greatly affects the fatigue of the structural members. Therefore, select the area where the largest earthquake occurred in the six years from 2011 to 2016 and the area where the number of middle-sized earthquakes was the highest. Kumamoto Prefecture has the largest impact on large-scale earthquakes, and Fukushima Prefecture has the largest number of medium-sized earthquakes. Of these areas, selecting an area on the fault zone will increase the certainty that it might have been affected by the earthquake, and selecting an area away from the coastal area will eliminate the effects of salt damage. In addition, if the area with low traffic volume is selected, the impact of live load can be reduced. In other words, it becomes easier to extract the pure effects of earthquakes only.

  With regard to salt damage in (2), the Sea of Japan side is typical as a region that is greatly affected, and the least affected by other (1) earthquakes is from 2014 to 2016. The least earthquake in 3 years in Toyama (4 or more, 0 once, 3 once, 10 2 times, 16 1). Also, it is in the Tohoku region on the Pacific side that there are multiple bridges submerged in seawater, and in particular Iwate Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture etc., deterioration of the bridges has progressed significantly due to the effects of being submerged.

With regard to the live load of (3), it is the construction that has been deteriorated early due to the great influence, and the construction is made early, and the traffic volume is extremely high, and many heavy vehicles including overload carry. Areas where the effects of other (1) earthquakes and (2) salt damage are small are preferable. These are urban areas that are not coastal areas, such as Tokyo. The relationship between the area where existing unhealthy bridge group 20G may exist, the cause of deterioration, and the appearance of deterioration is summarized in Table 2 below.

  <Selection of bridge>

  When selection of the assumed area in which the existing sound bridge group 10G and the existing unsound bridge group 20G exist is completed, next, an actual bridge to be measured is actually selected. An important point is not to select bridges with very specific structures and types. In other words, it is preferable to increase the number of bridges that can be included in the monitoring target by avoiding special bridges and selecting general types that are frequently used in each area. Also, by doing this, measurement data can be compared between sound / unhealthy bridges of similar structural types, and it becomes easy to generate high-accuracy, unhealthy cause-specific behavioral pattern data.

In addition, it is desirable that the selection of a bridge be of a scale that can detect changes in physical quantity according to an input of an external cause that causes unsoundness, and it is preferable not to cover bridges that are too small. Under these conditions, the bridges to be considered are shown in Table 3 for steel bridges and PC bridges respectively.

  As another factor to consider when selecting a bridge, the effects of daily temperature changes are also important. For this purpose, we will unify the installation direction of the target bridge as much as possible. For the same reason, in order to clarify the influence of sunshine, if data of two types of bridges, for example, east-west direction and north-south direction, can be collected in each area, more reliable soundness determination becomes possible.

Also, for example, two types of steel bridges and PC bridges roughly classified from the viewpoint of the bridge structure are selected for each selected area, and further, representative two from the viewpoint of the structure of the bearing portion that can most accelerate deterioration. In order to select types (pin / roller type and laminated rubber type) and also to compare and verify temperature effects and solar radiation effects, two types of east-west and north-south directions are selected as the installation direction of the bridge. In order to satisfy all of these combinations, it is preferable to simultaneously measure a total of 48 bridges shown in Table 4.

  From the viewpoint of workability, it is desirable that the measurement equipment be easily set, and a location where the caretaker in measurement is easy to stop, but for crime prevention, it is necessary to restrict the entry of persons other than the person concerned. In addition, it is also essential that there is a space for installation of equipment and a power supply, etc. Preferably, a bridge through which a communication line passes is selected. According to this, it becomes possible to perform data confirmation at a remote place every day. If installation space for the equipment can not be secured, it is necessary to temporarily install a measurement cabin near it.

  <Measurement of behavior data>

Next, the measurement method of the behavior of the bridge will be described. This measurement method adopts a common method for the existing sound bridge group 10G, the existing unsound bridge group 20G, and the existing monitor target bridge group 30G. As a basic idea of measurement, it is preferable to acquire environmental data in advance or simultaneously, since the bridge is always influenced by the surrounding environmental conditions. In addition to the environmental data, the temporal behavior data of the bridge is acquired from the bearing portion and the structural member. These measurement items are shown in Table 5 below. These measurement items are data tables of sound temporal behavior data, unhealthy temporal behavior data, behavioral data classified by unhealthy factors, temporal behavior data to be evaluated, and behavioral pattern data classified by maintenance.

  As shown in Table 5, environmental data can be obtained in advance or obtained from another source. For example, position data can be acquired when a bridge is selected, and weather data can be collected from weather information data of the area. The traffic volume can be acquired from past traffic volume survey data. Of course, a sensor or the like may be installed near the bridge to collect environmental data as well as behavior data.

  In addition, in the temporal behavior data of the bridge, structural data such as displacement, deformation, and temperature of structural members, a joint that connects the structural members, and a support that supports or holds structural members such as a girder, It includes data related to forces (external force and internal stress) generated at a joint or the like that connects equipment attached to a girder such as a support or an expansion device (these are referred to as support / joint data).

  It is no exaggeration to say that this bearing / joint data is the two major measurement targets on which the behavior of the bridge can be reflected. In the bearing section, the entire load of the bridge itself and the external load applied to the bridge is concentrated. In the joint between structural members (referred to as a joint between structural members), various stresses acting on bridges (in particular, main girder, horizontal girder, longitudinal girder, etc.) are concentratedly distributed. The incidental equipment joint is, for example, a portion where the main girder and the support (a kind of incidental equipment) are joined, but stress is concentrated also here. Therefore, when judging the soundness of the bridge, the physical change of the bearing and the physical change of the structural member, stress state and strain degree of the bearing and each joint, deformation degree, displacement direction and deformation amount By comparing these with the structural data while measuring according to the above, the correlation with the environmental data is further analyzed while matching with the environmental condition data is analyzed. As a result, it becomes possible to monitor and judge the soundness of the bridge only by the measurement devices of the bearing and the joint. Furthermore, monitoring of incidental equipment joints enables monitoring and determination of the soundness of not only the bridge itself but incidental equipment.

  Next, the basic structure of the bridge is shown in FIG. 3 in order to explain the measurement points on the bridge. Here, the I-girder bridge (steel bridge) is exemplified, and the structure of FIG. 3A and the structure of FIG. 3B are somewhat different in structure depending on the presence or absence of the anti-tilt structure and the upper lateral structure.

  The bridge 500 is divided into an upper structure 600 and a lower structure 700. The lower structure portion 700 includes a foundation (not shown) fixed in the ground and a bridge (abutment) portion 710 installed on the foundation. The abutments are located at both ends of the bridge to connect a general road and the bridge, and play a role of supporting the load from the upper structure portion 700 and the earth and sand on the slope. The bridge pier is provided in the middle of the bridge and supports the load of the upper structure portion 700. The foundation supports the bridge foot 710 down and transfers its load to the ground.

  The upper structure portion 600 is divided into a bridge body 610 and an incidental facility 650. The bridge body 610 includes a main girder 612, a horizontal girder 614, a longitudinal girder 616, an anti-tilt structure 618 (see FIG. 3B), a lower horizontal structure 620, a gusset 622, and the like. A plurality of main girders 612 are vertically distributed between the abutments and the bridge piers (longitudinal direction of the bridge) to support the load of a passing vehicle or the like on a floor plate such as a road and transmit the force to the abutments and the bridge piers. The lateral girder 614 is disposed in the lateral direction (the width direction of the bridge) to connect the main girder 612 with each other. The longitudinal girder 616 is disposed in the longitudinal direction and passed to the lateral girder 614, and has a role of receiving the load of the floor slab (not shown) constituting the road and transmitting it to the main girder 612 via the lateral girder 614. The anti-tilt mechanism 618 is a member that connects the adjacent main girders 612 with each other in the longitudinal direction (as a result, in the oblique direction) in order to resist lateral loads such as wind and earthquake. The lower horizontal frame 620 is a member that horizontally connects the lower flanges of the adjacent main girder 612 to each other in order to resist lateral loads such as wind and earthquake. Note that the anti-tilt frame 618 and the lower horizontal frame 620 often do not exist in the PC bridge. The gusset 622 is disposed at a joint that connects the main girder 612, the horizontal girder 614, the longitudinal girder 616, the anti-tilt structure 618, the lower horizontal structure 620 and the like to each other. It becomes a steel plate for reinforcement at the time of carrying out. The gusset 622 or a bolt or the like is referred to as a joint. The main girder 612 is a steel material having an I or H shape in cross section, and extends in the vertical direction along the upper edge of the web, the upper flange extending horizontally along the upper edge of the web, and the lower edge of the web. It has a lower flange extending horizontally along it. Here, although the case where one web becomes one and becomes I type or H type is illustrated, there may be a box structure which connected two web by an upper flange and a lower flange.

  The incidental facility 650 is a facility installed on the bridge main body 610, and includes, for example, a support 660, a telescopic device (not shown), and a fall prevention device (not shown). The bearing 660 is disposed on the back of the lower flange of the main girder 612 to support the bridge body 610 and to transmit the load of the upper structure 600 to the lower structure 700. The expansion and contraction device absorbs the expansion and contraction of the main girder 612 due to the influence of temperature or the like to minimize the road gap. The fall prevention device is an installation that prevents the bridge body 610 from falling even if the main girder 612 moves largely due to an earthquake and leaves the lower structure (abutment or bridge pier), and a structure using a wire rope or the like There are many.

  There are various structures for the bearing portion 660, and a pin / roller type bearing portion 660 shown in FIG. 4 (A) and a laminated rubber type bearing 660 shown in FIG. 4 (B) are representative. It is.

  The pin / roller type bearing 660 shown in FIG. 4A includes an upper holding portion 662 fixed to the lower surface (lower flange) of the main girder 612 with a set bolt 664 and a set bolt 668 on the top surface of the bridge leg 710. A lower holding portion 666 to be fixed, a pivot pin 670 disposed in the upper holding portion 662 to allow an angle change of the main girder 612, and a lower portion of the pivot pin 670 are disposed. The side holding portion 666 is provided with a rolling roller 672 which allows relative movement in the longitudinal direction.

  The laminated rubber type bearing 660 of FIG. 4B is configured by arranging the laminated rubber 674 between the upper holding portion 662 and the lower holding portion 666, and the angle of the main girder 612 is changed by the deformation of the laminated rubber 674. Allow changes and horizontal movement of the upper holding portion 662 and the lower holding portion 666

  Here, the “structural member” in the present embodiment means a member constituting the bridge main body 610, and includes a main girder 612, a horizontal girder 614, a longitudinal girder 616, an anti-tilting structure 618, and a lower horizontal structure 620. Further, the “inter-structural-member joint” includes a gusset 622 and bolts (rivets) disposed there. The “incident equipment joint portion” includes incidental equipment such as the support portion 660 and the like, and gussets, bolts (rivets) and the like which are joint portions with the structural members.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), as shown in FIG. 5 (B), the type of the bridge is a continuous girder structure in which a single main girder 612 extends all over the longitudinal direction of the bridge main body 610. There are both simple digit structures that are divided into multiple main digits 612.

  The locations where the temporal behavior data of the bridge is to be measured are divided into the main girder 612 (including the support 660) and the entire part (including the bridge pier 710) other than the main girder 612, and the behavior of the structural member due to temperature differences. And, to understand the influence of operating differences of the bearing.

The main girder 612 includes three so-called ear girders (a pair of main girders located on both sides in the width direction) of the main girder existing in the bridge main body 610 and the main girder near the width center between the ear girders. Select If it is less than this, periodical and quantitative determination will be difficult, while if it is more than this, the amount of data will increase and it will be preferable, but the measurement cost will be high. Also, in addition to the main girder 612, measurement points for the entire bridge are also required. The measurement targets for each bridge are shown in Table 6 below, for a total of 297 locations.

  The “joint measurement sensor” installed on the set bolt 668 of the support 660 and the gusset bolt of the gusset 622 may adopt, for example, a structure in which the bolt itself is converted into a sensor. For examples of the structure of these bolts, refer to the applicant's patent No. 6042854 and the like.

  <Extraction processing of behavior pattern>

  After the above-described steps, next, the healthy building measurement data measured from the existing healthy bridge group 10G and the unhealthy building measurement data measured from the existing unhealthy bridge group 20G are compared or differentially processed. As a result, characteristic behavior pattern data can be generated for each cause that impairs the soundness. The behavior pattern data may be classified by external factors (for example, earthquake, salt damage, live load) or by internal factors (for example, breakage of a structural member, a joint or a bearing, yield, fatigue, corrosion, adhesion) , Strength reduction, rusting of the support, or operation failure due to embedding, etc.). In any case, the unhealthy factor-based behavior pattern data is behavior pattern data that can be expected to be unhealthy. A plurality of pieces of behavior pattern data are accumulated for each unhealthy factor.

  <Soundness evaluation process>

  Next, as soundness evaluation, behavior pattern data classified by unhealthy factor and evaluation target temporal behavior data measured from the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G are compared and verified by matching processing, and within evaluation target temporal behavior data, It is determined whether a component close to the unhealthy factor-based behavior pattern data is included. By performing level determination (for example, high, medium, low) using the desired threshold value, the degree of approximation is generated, and risk determination results for each unhealthy factor are generated for each of the existing monitoring target bridges 30. For example, when it is judged that the level is "high" with respect to the "earthquake" of the unhealthy factor, the existing monitoring target bridge 30 has already been affected by the earthquake and some deterioration has already occurred. It means that maintenance must be done.

  <Accumulation of maintenance history>

  By the soundness evaluation, the soundness evaluation is output for the existing monitor target bridge 30, and when the result is unhealthy, maintenance is performed for the bridge 30. Therefore, in the present monitoring system 1, maintenance information actually applied to the existing monitor target bridge 30 is registered. This maintenance information includes information on the deterioration mode and the remedial action. Deterioration modes include breakage, cracking, peeling, peeling, corrosion, deformation, buckling of supports and structural members, breakage of anchor bolts and set bolts, breakage, roller fixation of supports, corrosion, eccentricity, axial deviation, and cracks. , Deviation, laminate rubber deformation, tear, rubber peeling, girder slide, etc. Repair work includes replacement, welding, bending back, reinforcement, girder movement and the like.

  Accumulation of behavior pattern data (new behavior pattern) classified by maintenance

  The sound temporal behavior data measured from the existing sound bridge group 10G and the unsound temporal behavior data measured from the existing sound unhealthy bridge group 20G are used to generate behavioral pattern data classified by unhealthy factors that serve as an evaluation criterion. It has been acquired and is not used as a rule thereafter. In addition, increasing the number of bridges in the existing unhealthy bridge group 20G is not realistic from the viewpoint of measurement cost, so the number of unhealthy factors in the unhealthy factorized behavioral pattern data is limited. That is, behavior pattern data is extracted by limiting remarkable deterioration according to unhealthy factors that are likely to induce. Therefore, in the monitoring system 1, it is desirable that the accuracy of the unhealthy factor-based behavioral pattern data be increased autonomously or the type of the unhealthy factor of the behavioral pattern data be increased thereafter.

  So, in this embodiment, before maintenance work (that is, when a specific unhealthy factor occurs) of the existing monitor target bridge 30 and after maintenance work (that is, the specific unhealthy factor is improved) The maintenance target behavior pattern data is generated by comparing the evaluation object temporal behavior data of the evaluation target. The maintenance-based behavior pattern data becomes a behavior pattern specific to a specific unhealthy factor, and thus can be used permanently for the same purpose as the unhealthy factor-based behavior pattern data.

  <Evaluation of maintenance necessity>

  As maintenance performance evaluation, the accumulated maintenance behavior pattern data and the evaluation target temporal behavior data measured from the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G are further compared and verified by matching processing, and maintenance target temporal behavior data in the maintenance target It is determined whether a component close to another behavior pattern data is included. By performing level determination (for example, high, medium, low) using the desired threshold value, the required level for maintenance can be generated for each of the existing monitoring target bridges 30. For example, if it is determined that the level is "high" for the "set bolt replacement of the support portion" of the maintenance action, the existing monitor target bridge 30 has a defect in the set bolt of the support portion, and inspection is promptly performed. And means that you have to do maintenance. As described above, as the monitoring system 1 is operated for a long time, the maintenance performance is accumulated, and as a result, the behavior pattern data by maintenance becomes enormous, and the accuracy of the maintenance necessity evaluation can be autonomously improved. It becomes.

  As described above, according to the present maintenance system 1, damage to structural members and the like due to large seismic intensity earthquakes that are typical deterioration factors of bridges, fatigue such as structural members and the like due to frequent medium seismic intensity earthquakes, and corrosion of structural members due to salt damage Decrease in strength due to this, corrosion and breakage of structural members due to seawater submersion corresponding to accelerated tests of salt damage, travel of heavy vehicles as live load and deterioration of structural members due to traffic load such as large traffic, etc. Collect measurement data that gives locality to defects. In addition, generate measurement data (behavior pattern data classified by unhealthy factor) that is basic by collecting measurement data of sound bridge simultaneously (at the same time) and extracting measurement data and deterioration after deterioration. Is possible. That is, it is possible to generate basic evaluation data using an existing bridge instead of a new bridge. As a result, from the beginning of the operation of the maintenance system 1, it is possible to perform highly accurate unhealthy evaluation on the existing monitoring target bridge group 30G. When the maintenance system 1 is operated using a new bridge, evaluation data can not be generated until several decades have passed until the new bridge actually deteriorates. It should be noted that the actual measurement is not six months, and it is desirable that solar radiation be measured from summer, when the temperature reaches the maximum temperature, to a measurement period of eight months or more from July to February, including winter when the temperature reaches the minimum.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

1 Building monitoring system 10 Existing sound bridge 10G Existing sound bridge group 20 Existing unsound bridge 20G Existing unsound bridge group 30 Existing monitor target bridge 30G Existing monitor target bridge group 100 Monitoring device 500 Bridge 660 Support part

Claims (14)

A building monitoring system implemented by a computer, comprising:
A sound data storage unit for storing sound temporal behavior data obtained by measuring temporal behavior of structural members in an existing sound structure that may have a high degree of health;
An unhealthy data storage unit in which unhealthy temporal behavior data obtained by measuring temporal behavior of structural members in an existing unhealthy building which is the same as the existing healthy building and having a low degree of health is stored;
A behavior pattern extraction processing unit that compares the sound temporal behavior data with the unhealthy temporal behavior data to calculate a temporal behavior pattern of the structural member specific to the unhealthy factor;
A behavior pattern storage unit in which behavior pattern data classified by unhealthy factor calculated by the behavior pattern extraction processing unit is accumulated;
An evaluation target data storage unit, in which evaluation target temporal behavior data obtained by measuring temporal measurement of structural members in a monitoring target building is accumulated;
A soundness evaluation processing unit, which collates the evaluation target temporal behavior data with the unhealthy factor-based behavior pattern data to calculate the unsoundness degree of the monitoring target building;
A building monitoring system comprising: The sound data storage unit is characterized in that the sound temporal behavior data of the existing sound building having a small degree of occurrence of the unhealth factor is accumulated from the time of construction to the present time,
The building monitoring system according to claim 1. The unhealthy data storage unit is characterized in that the unhealthy temporal behavior data of the existing unhealthy building having a high degree of occurrence of the unhealthy factor is accumulated from the time of construction to the present time. ,
The building monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2. Multiple unhealthy factors are set,
In the unhealthy data storage unit, the unhealthy temporal behavior data of the existing unhealthy building has a high degree of limited occurrence of one of the plurality of the unhealthy factors. Each of the plurality of unhealthy factors is stored,
The building monitoring system according to claim 3. The unhealthy factor includes at least one of earthquake, salt damage and live load,
The building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The unhealthy factor is characterized in that it includes at least one of corrosion, cracking, fatigue, fracture, deformation, displacement, and distortion of a structural member,
The building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The sound data storage unit stores sound temporal behavior data of different types of existing sound buildings in the classification of at least one of a structure type, a type type, and a size type.
The unhealthy data storage unit stores the unhealthy temporal behavior data of the plurality of existing unhealthy buildings of different types in the classification of at least one of the structure type, the type type, and the size type. It is characterized by
The building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The classification of the structure includes a direction in which the structure extends.
The building monitoring system according to claim 7. In the sound temporal behavior data and / or the unhealthy temporal behavior data, measurement data of the behavior when an external force is forcibly applied to the existing sound building and / or the existing sound unhealthy structure. Characterized in that,
The building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The sound data storage unit stores environmental data around the existing sound building, which is measured simultaneously with the sound temporal behavior data,
In the unhealthy data storage unit, environmental data around the existing unhealthy building, which is measured simultaneously with the unhealthy temporal behavior data, is accumulated.
The building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The building is a bridge,
In the sound temporal behavior data and the unhealthy temporal behavior data, any one or more of the displacement amount of the girder and the stress acting on the support portion, the strain direction, and the displacement amount in the bridge And including
The building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 10. A maintenance history storage unit for accumulating maintenance information on maintenance activities for the building to be monitored;
The above-mentioned evaluation object temporal behavior data before execution of the maintenance act and the evaluation object temporal behavior data after execution of the maintenance activity are compared, and temporal behavior of the structural member peculiar to each maintenance act A maintenance-based behavior pattern extraction processing unit that calculates a pattern;
A maintenance-specific behavior pattern storage unit in which the maintenance-specific behavior pattern data calculated by the maintenance-based behavior pattern extraction processing unit is accumulated;
The building monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising: A maintenance necessity degree evaluation processing unit that collates the evaluation target temporal behavior data with the maintenance type behavioral pattern data, and calculates the maintenance necessity degree of the monitoring target building;
The building monitoring system according to claim 12, comprising: How to monitor a building,
A sound data storage step of accumulating sound temporal behavior data obtained by measuring temporal behavior of structural members in an existing sound structure that may have a high degree of health;
An unhealthy data storage step of accumulating unhealthy temporal behavior data obtained by measuring temporal behavior of structural members in the existing unhealthy building which is the same as the existing healthy building and having a low degree of health;
A behavioral pattern extraction step of calculating temporal behavior patterns of the structural member specific to each of the unhealthy factors by comparing and processing the healthy temporal behavior data and the unhealthy temporal behavior data;
A behavioral pattern storing step of accumulating behavioral pattern data classified by unhealthy factor calculated by the behavioral pattern extraction step;
An evaluation target data storage step of accumulating evaluation target temporal behavior data obtained by determining temporal measurement of structural members in a monitoring target building;
A soundness evaluation step of comparing the evaluation target temporal behavior data with the unhealthy factor behavior pattern data to calculate the unhealthy degree of the monitoring target structure;
The building monitoring method characterized by providing.

Images