JP2018162488A - Manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus for three-dimensional layered object - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing a three-dimensional layered product with high accuracy. SOLUTION: A plurality of solidified layers are laminated by repeatedly forming a solidified layer obtained by solidifying the material powder by irradiating the material powder with an energy beam on the solid body, and forming the solidified layer on the solidified layer. Then, a cutting process is performed on the plurality of laminated solidified layers to manufacture a three-dimensional layered product including a solid body. A passage is formed in the solid body for allowing a fluid to flow through the inside of the solid body. The fluid is caused to flow through the passage to adjust the temperature of the fluid. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional layered object by stacking solidified layers obtained by solidifying material powder, and a manufacturing apparatus.

  A material powder such as a metal powder is irradiated with an energy beam such as a laser beam, and the material powder is sintered or melted and solidified to form a solidified layer, and the solidified layer is laminated to form a three-dimensional shape. There is a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional layered object by adding a cutting process in the middle of forming. Hereinafter, this manufacturing method is referred to as an optical modeling composite processing method. In the optical modeling combined processing method, a plate such as a metal plate is placed on a lifting table, and a solidified layer is laminated on the plate. The plate becomes a part of the three-dimensional layered object. The manufacturing operation is performed while raising and lowering the lifting table. Patent Document 1 discloses an example of a three-dimensional layered object manufacturing apparatus.

Japanese Patent No. 4258571

  In the stereolithography combined processing method, the solidified layer is formed in a high temperature state and then cooled. With cooling, the solidified layer shrinks. When a new solidified layer is formed on top of the solidified layer, heat for forming the new solidified layer is transferred to the lower solidified layer, and the lower solidified layer is heated and expanded. To do. Thereafter, the solidified layer is cooled and shrinks. As described above, during the manufacturing of the three-dimensional layered object, the temperature of the solidified layer varies, and the size of the solidified layer varies according to the variation of the temperature. When the size of the solidified layer fluctuates during or after cutting, the shape of the three-dimensional layered object cannot be accurately determined by cutting. Moreover, when the size of the solidified layer fluctuates, stress is generated inside the three-dimensional layered object, and the three-dimensional layered object may be deformed. For this reason, it is difficult for the stereolithography combined processing method to improve the accuracy of the shape of the three-dimensional layered object. Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which a lifting mechanism is provided with a cooling mechanism and the temperature of a three-dimensional layered object is adjusted from the outside. However, the influence on the shape of the three-dimensional layered object remains due to the change in the size of the solidified layer. Accordingly, there is a need for a technique for increasing the accuracy of the shape of the three-dimensional layered object.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the object thereof is to manufacture a three-dimensional layered object with high accuracy by adjusting the temperature of the three-dimensional layered object being manufactured. An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus that can be used.

  In the production method according to the present invention, a solidified layer obtained by solidifying the material powder by irradiation of an energy beam to the material powder is formed on a solid body, and a solidified layer is repeatedly formed on the solidified layer. In the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional layered object including the solid body by cutting a plurality of solidified layers and cutting the plurality of solidified layers, the solid body includes: A passage for allowing fluid to flow therethrough is formed, and the temperature of the fluid is adjusted by allowing fluid to flow through the passage.

  The manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the temperature of the fluid is adjusted in order to keep the temperature of the fluid at a constant temperature.

  The production method according to the present invention is characterized in that the temperature of the solid body is measured and the temperature of the fluid is adjusted so as to keep the temperature of the solid body at a constant temperature.

  The manufacturing method according to the present invention measures the ambient temperature around the solid body, measures the temperature of the solid body, and adjusts the temperature of the fluid to match the temperature of the solid body with the ambient temperature. It is characterized by.

  The manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that the fluid is air.

  The manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention repeatedly forms a solidified layer obtained by solidifying the material powder by irradiating the material powder with an energy beam on the solid body, and repeatedly forms a solidified layer on the solidified layer. An apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional layered object including the solid body, the apparatus comprising: a stacking unit that stacks the solidified layer; and a cutting unit that performs a cutting process on the plurality of stacked solidified layers. And a flow passage for allowing fluid to flow through the solid body includes a flow passage portion for allowing the fluid to flow and a temperature adjusting portion for adjusting the temperature of the fluid. And

  In the present invention, a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional layered object stacks a solidified layer obtained by solidifying a material powder on a solid body such as a plate, performs a cutting process on the solidified layer, and includes a solid body. A three-dimensional layered object is manufactured. The solid body is formed with a flow path through which the fluid flows, and the manufacturing apparatus allows the fluid to flow through the flow path and adjusts the temperature of the fluid. By adjusting the temperature of the fluid, the temperature of the solid body is controlled, and the temperatures of the plurality of solidified layers stacked on the solid body are controlled.

  Moreover, in this invention, a manufacturing apparatus adjusts the temperature of the fluid so that the temperature of the fluid which flows through the flow path in a solid body may be kept constant. The temperature of the fluid is adjusted to be substantially constant, the temperature of the solid body is controlled to be substantially constant, and the temperature of each solidified layer is also controlled to be substantially constant. Variation in temperature of each solidified layer is suppressed, and variation in size of each solidified layer is suppressed.

  Moreover, in this invention, a manufacturing apparatus measures the temperature of a solid body and adjusts the temperature of a fluid in order to keep the temperature of a solid body at a fixed temperature. The temperature of the solid body is controlled to be substantially constant, and the temperature of each solidified layer is also controlled to be substantially constant. Variation in temperature of each solidified layer is suppressed, and variation in size of each solidified layer is suppressed.

  In the present invention, the manufacturing apparatus measures the temperature of the solid body, measures the ambient temperature around the solid body, and adjusts the temperature of the fluid to match the temperature of the solid body with the ambient temperature. The temperature of the solid body is controlled to substantially the same temperature as the environmental temperature, and the temperature of each solidified layer is also controlled to the substantially same temperature as the environmental temperature. Variation in temperature of each solidified layer is suppressed, and variation in size of each solidified layer is suppressed.

  In the present invention, the fluid flowing through the flow path in the solid body is air. The occurrence of problems that can occur when the fluid is water is prevented.

  In the present invention, the temperature variation of the formed solidified layers is suppressed, and the size variation of each solidified layer is suppressed. Therefore, the present invention has an excellent effect, for example, the manufacturing apparatus can manufacture a three-dimensional layered object whose shape is processed with high accuracy.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional layered object which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a typical fragmentary sectional view which shows the process of the optical shaping composite processing method. It is a typical fragmentary sectional view which shows the process of the optical shaping composite processing method. It is a typical fragmentary sectional view which shows the process of the optical shaping composite processing method. It is a typical fragmentary sectional view which shows the process of the optical shaping composite processing method. It is a plane sectional view showing the inside of a base plate. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the process which the temperature control part which concerns on Embodiment 1 controls the temperature of a baseplate. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional layered object which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the process in which the temperature control part which concerns on Embodiment 2 controls the temperature of a baseplate. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the manufacturing apparatus of the three-dimensional layered object based on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the process which the temperature control part which concerns on Embodiment 3 controls the temperature of a baseplate.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings showing embodiments thereof.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a three-dimensional layered object manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment. In the drawing, a part of the manufacturing apparatus 1 is shown in a schematic partial sectional view. The manufacturing apparatus 1 irradiates a metal powder (material powder) 4 with laser light (energy beam), sinters the metal powder 4 to form a solidified layer, and stacks the solidified layer to form a three-dimensional shape. Then, an optical modeling combined processing method is performed in which cutting is performed during the formation of the three-dimensional shape. The manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a lifting table 12 that can move up and down while holding a modeled object, and a blade 13 that applies metal powder 4 onto the lifting table 12. A base plate 5 is placed on the lifting table 12, and the metal powder 4 is applied on the base plate 5. The base plate 5 is a metal flat plate. The base plate 5 is not limited to a simple flat plate, and may have a more complicated three-dimensional shape formed in advance. The base plate 5 corresponds to the solid body in the present invention.

  Moreover, the manufacturing apparatus 1 cuts the laser light source 14 for irradiating the metal powder 4 with laser light, the mirror 15 for reflecting the laser light, the lens 16 for condensing the laser light, and the modeled object. And a cutting machine 2 to perform. The laser light source 14 uses a laser that can effectively heat the metal powder 4 such as a fiber laser. By moving the mirror 15, the position where the metal powder 4 is irradiated with the laser light is adjusted. In FIG. 1, laser light is indicated by arrows. In addition to the mirror 15 and the lens 16, the manufacturing apparatus 1 may include an optical system for adjusting the irradiation position of the laser light. The cutting machine 2 has a rotating cutting tool such as a drill or an end mill.

  In addition, the manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a temperature control unit 3 for controlling the temperature of the base plate 5. The base plate 5 is formed with a flow path 51 for flowing a fluid that mediates heat. For example, the fluid is air or water. A pipe 31 through which a fluid flows is connected to the flow path 51. In the pipe 31, the fluid to be supplied to the flow path 51 flows, and the fluid after flowing through the flow path 51 flows. The pipe 31 is configured to include a metal or resin pipe. The temperature control unit 3 has a pump 33 connected to the pipe 31. The pump 33 pushes out the fluid and causes the fluid to flow through the pipe 31. When the fluid is air, the pump 33 is an air pump, and when the fluid is water, the pump 33 is a water pump. The flow path 51, the piping 31, and the pump 33 are connected in an annular shape, and the pump 33 circulates fluid. The piping 31 and the pump 33 correspond to the flow passage portion in the present invention.

  The temperature control unit 3 includes a control circuit 32 that controls the operation of the temperature control unit, a cooling unit 34 that cools the fluid, a heater 35 that heats the fluid, and a fluid temperature sensor 36 that measures the temperature of the fluid. Have. The cooling unit 34 cools the fluid by a method such as air cooling, liquid cooling, or electronic cooling. The control circuit 32, the cooling unit 34, and the heater 35 correspond to the temperature adjustment unit in the present invention.

  Furthermore, the manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a control unit 11 that controls the operation of the entire manufacturing apparatus 1. The control unit 11 includes a calculation unit that performs calculation for controlling the operation, a memory that stores information associated with the calculation, a storage unit that stores a control program, and the like. The control unit 11 controls the operation of each part constituting the manufacturing apparatus 1, and controls the irradiation position of the laser light irradiated to the metal powder 4 and the cutting position of the shaped object cut by the cutting machine 2.

  An outline of the stereolithography combined processing method will be described. 2-5 is typical fragmentary sectional drawing which shows the process of the optical shaping composite processing method. 2 to 5, a part of the manufacturing apparatus 1 is omitted. As shown in FIG. 2, the base plate 5 is placed on the lifting table 12, and the metal powder 4 is applied onto the base plate 5 by the blade 13. The metal powder 4 is leveled almost horizontally by the blade 13. Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the laser light source 14 irradiates the metal powder 4 with laser light, the metal powder 4 is heated and sintered, and a solidified layer 61 in which the metal powder 4 is solidified is formed. . The laser beam is scanned in the shape of the cross-sectional shape of the modeled object, and the solidified layer 61 forms the cross-sectional shape of the modeled object. The scanning shape of the laser light is controlled by the control unit 11. Next, the lifting table 12 is slightly lowered, the metal powder 4 is applied to the solidified layer 61 by the blade 13, the laser light is irradiated to the metal powder 4, the metal powder 4 is sintered, and the next solidified layer 61 is formed. Is done. Application of the metal powder 4, irradiation with laser light, and sintering of the metal powder 4 are repeated, and a plurality of solidified layers 61 are laminated. The blade 13, the laser light source 14, the mirror 15, the lens 16, and the control unit 11 correspond to a stacked unit.

  When the predetermined number of solidified layers 61 are laminated, as shown in FIG. 4, cutting is performed by the cutting machine 2 on the modeling layer 62 in which a plurality of solidified layers 61 are laminated. The cutting machine 2 presses the rotating cutting tool against the side surface of the modeling layer 62 to cut the modeling layer 62. By the cutting process, the modeling layer 62 is processed into a desired shape that forms a part of the modeled object. A desired shape to be processed by the modeling layer 62 is determined in advance and stored in the control unit 11. The shape of the modeling layer 62 to be processed is controlled by the control unit 11 controlling the operation of the cutting machine 2. The cutting machine 2 and the control unit 11 correspond to a cutting unit. A solidified layer 61 is further laminated on the modeling layer 62 after the cutting process. The formation and lamination of the solidified layer 61 and the cutting process on the modeling layer 62 are repeated. Finally, as shown in FIG. 5, a three-dimensional layered object 64 including a laminated portion 63 formed by laminating a plurality of solidified layers 61 and the base plate 5 is manufactured. The laminated portion 63 and the base plate 5 are integrated.

  In the present embodiment, the temperature control unit 3 controls the temperature of the base plate 5 in parallel with the above-described optical modeling combined processing method. FIG. 6 is a plan sectional view showing the inside of the base plate 5. The flow path 51 is a tunnel formed inside the base plate 5 so that fluid can pass through. In FIG. 6, the direction of fluid flow is indicated by arrows. The flow path 51 has a fluid inlet and outlet. A pipe 31 is connected to each of the fluid inlet and outlet. The flow path 51 is formed by forming holes in a plurality of locations of the base plate 5 using a drill. The plurality of holes are formed at positions where they are connected to each other inside the base plate 5. The flow path 51 is formed from a plurality of holes connected to each other. Of the openings of the plurality of holes, openings that do not serve as fluid inlets or outlets are closed by plugs 52. The shape of the flow path 51 shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and the flow path 51 can take other shapes. The flow path 51 may have a shape that meanders a plurality of times inside the base plate 5. The flow path 51 may have a plurality of fluid inlets or outlets. Further, a plurality of flow paths 51 may be formed inside the base plate 5.

  In parallel with the process of the optical modeling composite processing method, the temperature control unit 3 performs an operation for controlling the temperature of the base plate 5. First, the pump 33 circulates fluid. Thereby, the fluid flows continuously through the flow path 51 in the base plate 5. The control circuit 32 performs a process for adjusting the temperature of the control fluid. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in which the temperature control unit 3 according to the first embodiment controls the temperature of the base plate 5. The fluid temperature sensor 36 measures the temperature of the fluid (S11), and the control circuit 32 adjusts the temperature of the fluid using the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 based on the measured temperature of the fluid (S12). . In S12, the control circuit 32 adjusts the temperature of the fluid so as to keep the temperature of the fluid at a constant temperature.

  For example, the control circuit 32 stores predetermined upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature in advance, and controls the operation of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 so that the temperature of the fluid is between the lower limit temperature and the upper limit temperature. To do. For example, the control circuit 32 operates the cooling unit 34 to stop the heater 35 when the temperature of the fluid increases and approaches the upper limit temperature, and stops the heater 35 when the temperature of the fluid decreases and approaches the lower limit temperature. 34 is stopped and the heater 35 is operated. Further, for example, the control circuit 32 stores a predetermined target temperature, and controls the operations of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 so that the fluid temperature matches the target temperature within a predetermined allowable range, Adjust fluid temperature. Further, for example, the control circuit 32 controls the operation of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 by feedback control such as PID (Proportional-Integral-Differential) control and adjusts the temperature of the fluid. The temperature control unit 3 repeats the processes of S11 and S12 while circulating the fluid with the pump 33 in parallel with the process of the stereolithography combined processing method.

  As described above, the temperature controller 3 adjusts the temperature of the fluid, whereby the temperature of the fluid is adjusted to be substantially constant. For example, the temperature of the fluid is controlled at 20 ° C. When the fluid whose temperature is adjusted to be substantially constant flows through the flow path 51, the base plate 5 exchanges heat with the fluid, and the temperature of the base plate 5 is controlled to be substantially constant. Further, heat exchange is also performed between the plurality of solidified layers 61 stacked on the base plate 5 and the base plate 5. By controlling the temperature of the base plate 5 to be substantially constant, the temperature variation of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed. As described above, in the conventional stereolithography combined processing method, the temperature of each solidified layer 61 fluctuates during the production of the three-dimensional layered object 64, and each solidified layer 61 repeatedly expands and contracts. The size of the fluctuates. In the present embodiment, by suppressing the variation in the temperature of each solidified layer 61, the expansion and contraction of each solidified layer 61 are reduced, and the variation in the size of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed.

  The fluid that flows through the flow path 51 in the base plate 5 is preferably air. When the fluid is water, the base plate 5 may be corroded, and the fluid leaking from the flow path 51 or the pipe 31 may damage the metal powder 4. When the fluid is air, the fluid does not corrode the base plate 5 and does not damage the metal powder 4 even if it leaks from the flow path 51 or the pipe 31. For this reason, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can control the temperature of the base plate 5 easily and safely. In addition, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can also use fluids other than air.

  As described above in detail, in the present embodiment, the temperature of the three-dimensional layered object is controlled by allowing the fluid to flow through the base plate 5 that is a part of the three-dimensional layered object 64 to control the temperature of the base plate 5. As compared with the conventional method of adjusting from the above, the temperature fluctuation of each solidified layer 61 can be more reliably suppressed. During the manufacturing of the three-dimensional layered object 64, the temperature fluctuation of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed, and the fluctuation of the size of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed. Therefore, the manufacturing apparatus 1 is more accurately three-dimensional by cutting. The shape of the layered object can be determined. Moreover, since the fluctuation | variation of the size of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed, generation | occurrence | production of the stress inside a three-dimensional layered object is suppressed, and a deformation | transformation of a three-dimensional layered object is suppressed. Therefore, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can manufacture the three-dimensional layered object 64 whose shape has been processed with high accuracy.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the three-dimensional layered object manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment. The temperature control unit 3 does not have the fluid temperature sensor 36 but has a temperature measurement unit 37 that measures the temperature of the base plate 5. The temperature measurement unit 37 measures the temperature of the base plate 5 using a thermocouple or a radiation thermometer. Other configurations of the manufacturing apparatus 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  In parallel with the steps of the stereolithography combined processing method, the pump 33 circulates the fluid, and the control circuit 32 performs a process for adjusting the temperature of the fluid. FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in which the temperature control unit 3 according to the second embodiment controls the temperature of the base plate 5. The temperature measurement unit 37 measures the temperature of the base plate 5 (S21), and the control circuit 32 uses the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 to keep the temperature of the base plate 5 constant based on the measured temperature of the base plate 5. Then, the temperature of the fluid is adjusted (S22).

  For example, the control circuit 32 stores a predetermined upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature in advance, and in S22, the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 so that the temperature of the base plate 5 is a temperature between the lower limit temperature and the upper limit temperature. To control the operation. For example, when the temperature of the base plate 5 rises and approaches the upper limit temperature, the control circuit 32 operates the cooling unit 34 and stops the heater 35 to lower the temperature of the fluid. As the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path 51 in the base plate 5 decreases, the temperature of the base plate 5 decreases. When the temperature of the base plate 5 decreases and approaches the lower limit temperature, the control circuit 32 stops the cooling unit 34 and operates the heater 35 to increase the temperature of the fluid. As the temperature of the fluid rises, the temperature of the base plate 5 rises. For example, the control circuit 32 stores a predetermined target temperature, and controls the operations of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 so that the temperature of the base plate 5 matches the target temperature within a predetermined allowable range. Adjust the fluid temperature. For example, the control circuit 32 controls the temperature of the base plate 5 by controlling the operations of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 by feedback control such as PID control. The temperature control unit 3 repeats the processes of S21 and S22 while circulating the fluid with the pump 33.

  The temperature control unit 3 further includes a fluid temperature sensor 36, and the temperature of the base plate 5 is determined based on both the temperature of the base plate 5 measured by the temperature measurement unit 37 and the temperature of the fluid measured by the fluid temperature sensor 36. You may control. Also in this embodiment, it is desirable that the fluid is air. However, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can also use a fluid other than air.

  As described above, the temperature control unit 3 adjusts the temperature of the fluid, whereby the temperature of the base plate 5 is controlled to be substantially constant, and fluctuations in the temperature of the base plate 5 are suppressed. For example, the temperature of the base plate 5 is controlled to 20 ° C. Variations in temperature of the base plate 5 are suppressed, and heat exchange is performed between the plurality of solidified layers 61 stacked on the base plate 5 and the base plate 5, thereby suppressing variations in temperature of the respective solidified layers 61. By suppressing the variation in the temperature of each solidified layer 61, the expansion and contraction of each solidified layer 61 is reduced, and the variation in the size of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed.

  Also in the present embodiment, by controlling the temperature of the base plate 5, fluctuations in the temperature of each solidified layer 61 can be suppressed. In the present embodiment, by controlling the temperature of the base plate 5 based on the measured temperature of the base plate 5, fluctuations in the temperature of the base plate 5 are more stably suppressed. For this reason, the fluctuation | variation of the temperature of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed more stably. Therefore, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can manufacture the three-dimensional layered object 64 whose shape is processed with higher accuracy.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the three-dimensional layered object manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment. The temperature control unit 3 further includes an environmental temperature measurement unit 38 that measures the environmental temperature around the base plate 5. The environmental temperature is the temperature around the base plate 5 and the solidified layer 61. For example, the environmental temperature is the temperature of air in the manufacturing apparatus 1. For example, the environmental temperature is the temperature of the metal powder 4 present around the base plate 5 and the solidified layer 61. For example, the environmental temperature is the temperature of each part of the manufacturing apparatus 1. For example, the environmental temperature is the temperature of the air outside the manufacturing apparatus 1. The environmental temperature measurement unit 38 measures the environmental temperature using a resistance thermometer or the like. The environmental temperature measuring unit 38 may measure the environmental temperature at one location, measure the temperature at a plurality of locations, and calculate the average or the like on the measured temperature values as the environmental temperature. Good. Other configurations of the manufacturing apparatus 1 are the same as those in the second embodiment.

  In parallel with the steps of the stereolithography combined processing method, the pump 33 circulates the fluid, and the control circuit 32 performs a process for adjusting the temperature of the fluid. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in which the temperature control unit 3 according to the third embodiment controls the temperature of the base plate 5. The environmental temperature measurement unit 38 measures the environmental temperature (S31), and the temperature measurement unit 37 measures the temperature of the base plate 5 (S32). S31 and S32 may be executed in the reverse order, or may be executed in parallel. Based on the measured environmental temperature and the temperature of the base plate 5, the control circuit 32 adjusts the temperature of the fluid using the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 in order to adjust the temperature of the base plate 5 to the environmental temperature (S33).

  For example, the control circuit 32 stores in advance an allowable value that is the value of the allowable difference between the temperature of the base plate 5 and the environmental temperature, and in S33, the temperature of the base plate 5 is the temperature obtained by adding the allowable value to the environmental temperature. The operation of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 is controlled so that the temperature is between the temperature obtained by subtracting the allowable value from the ambient temperature. For example, when the temperature of the base plate 5 rises and approaches the temperature obtained by adding the allowable value to the environmental temperature, the control circuit 32 operates the cooling unit 34 to stop the heater 35 to thereby adjust the temperature of the fluid. Reduce. As the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path 51 in the base plate 5 decreases, the temperature of the base plate 5 decreases. When the temperature of the base plate 5 decreases and approaches the temperature obtained by subtracting the allowable value from the environmental temperature, the control circuit 32 stops the cooling unit 34 and operates the heater 35 to increase the temperature of the fluid. . As the temperature of the fluid rises, the temperature of the base plate 5 rises. Further, for example, the control circuit 32 adjusts the temperature of the fluid by controlling the operation of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 so that the temperature of the base plate 5 matches the environmental temperature within a predetermined allowable range. For example, the control circuit 32 controls the temperature of the base plate 5 by controlling the operations of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35 by feedback control such as PID control. The temperature control unit 3 repeats the processes of S31 to S33 while circulating the fluid with the pump 33.

  The temperature control unit 3 further includes a fluid temperature sensor 36, which is set to the environmental temperature measured by the environmental temperature measurement unit 38, the temperature of the base plate 5 measured by the temperature measurement unit 37, and the temperature of the fluid measured by the fluid temperature sensor 36. Based on this, the temperature of the base plate 5 may be controlled. Also in this embodiment, it is desirable that the fluid is air. However, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can also use a fluid other than air.

  As described above, the temperature control unit 3 adjusts the temperature of the fluid so that the temperature of the base plate 5 matches the environmental temperature, whereby the temperature of the base plate 5 is controlled to be substantially the same as the environmental temperature. The temperature of the base plate 5 is controlled to be substantially the same as the environmental temperature, and heat exchange is performed between the plurality of solidified layers 61 stacked on the base plate 5 and the base plate 5, so that the temperature of each solidified layer 61 is The temperature is controlled to be approximately the same as the ambient temperature. For this reason, the fluctuation | variation of the temperature of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed. When the temperature of the solidified layer 61 becomes substantially the same as the environmental temperature, the expansion and contraction of the solidified layer 61 corresponding to the difference between the temperature of the solidified layer 61 and the environmental temperature is reduced. Further, by suppressing the temperature variation of the solidified layer 61, the expansion and contraction of the solidified layer 61 corresponding to the temperature variation is reduced. Therefore, variation in the size of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, by controlling the temperature of the base plate 5 so that the temperature of the base plate 5 matches the environmental temperature, the temperature of each solidified layer 61 is controlled to be substantially the same as the environmental temperature. The variation in the temperature of each solidified layer 61 is suppressed, and the difference between the temperature of each solidified layer 61 and the environmental temperature is reduced, so that the variation in the size of each solidified layer 61 is more reliably suppressed. Therefore, the manufacturing apparatus 1 can manufacture the three-dimensional layered object 64 whose shape is processed with higher accuracy.

  In the above first to third embodiments, the control circuit 32 controls the operation of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35. However, the three-dimensional layered object manufacturing apparatus 1 does not use the control circuit 32. Alternatively, the controller 11 may directly control the operations of the cooling unit 34 and the heater 35. The manufacturing apparatus 1 may be configured to adjust the temperature of the fluid using only one of the cooling unit 34 or the heater 35. For example, the manufacturing apparatus 1 adjusts the temperature of the fluid by a method of appropriately cooling a fluid heated by flowing through the flow path 51 or a method of appropriately heating a low-temperature fluid. In the first to third embodiments, the form in which the fluid flowing through the flow path 51 in the base plate 5 is circulated is shown. However, the manufacturing apparatus 1 does not circulate the fluid and flows the flow path 51 through the flow path 51. The form which discards the fluid after having done it may be sufficient.

  In Embodiments 1 to 3, the base plate 5 is made of metal. However, the base plate 5 may be made of a material having high thermal conductivity other than metal. In Embodiments 1 to 3, the example in which the solid body in which the flow path 51 is formed is the base plate 5 is shown, but the solid body may have a shape other than the plate. For example, the solid body may be a metal lump formed in an arbitrary shape with the flow channel 51 formed therein. In addition, the solid body may be a solid body in which a solid lump other than metal is formed in an arbitrary shape and the flow path 51 is formed inside.

  Moreover, in Embodiments 1-3, although the form which forms a solidified layer by sintering the metal powder 4 was shown, the manufacturing apparatus 1 of a three-dimensional layered object is made by melting and solidifying the metal powder 4. The form which forms a solidified layer may be sufficient. Moreover, in Embodiments 1-3, although the form which uses a laser beam as an energy beam was shown, the form which uses energy beams other than a laser beam may be sufficient as the manufacturing apparatus 1. FIG. Moreover, in Embodiment 1-3, although the form which uses the metal powder 4 as material powder was shown, the form which uses material powders other than metal powder, such as resin powder, may be sufficient as the manufacturing apparatus 1. FIG.

  It should be thought that embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration and restrictive at no points. The scope of the present invention is defined not by the above-mentioned meaning but by the scope of claims for patent, and is intended to include all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the scope of claims for patent.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Manufacturing apparatus 11 Control part 12 Lifting table 13 Blade 14 Laser light source 2 Cutting machine 3 Temperature control part 31 Piping 32 Control circuit 33 Pump 34 Cooling part 35 Heater 36 Fluid temperature sensor 37 Temperature measurement part 38 Environmental temperature measurement part 4 Metal powder ( Material powder)
5 Base plate (solid)
51 flow path 61 solidified layer 64 three-dimensional layered object

Claims (6)

On the solid body, a solidified layer is formed by solidifying the material powder by irradiation of an energy beam to the material powder, and a plurality of solidified layers are laminated by repeating the formation of the solidified layer on the solidified layer. In a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional layered object including the solid body by cutting the plurality of solidified layers,
The solid body is formed with a flow path for fluid to flow through the solid body,
Allowing fluid to flow through the flow path,
A manufacturing method comprising adjusting the temperature of the fluid. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the fluid is adjusted in order to keep the temperature of the fluid at a constant temperature. Measuring the temperature of the solid,
The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the fluid is adjusted so that the temperature of the solid body is maintained at a constant temperature. Measuring the ambient temperature around the solid,
Measuring the temperature of the solid,
The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the fluid is adjusted in order to adjust the temperature of the solid body to the environmental temperature. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is air. A laminated part that forms a solidified layer obtained by solidifying the material powder by irradiating the material powder with an energy beam on a solid body, and repeatedly forms a solidified layer on the solidified layer to laminate a plurality of solidified layers. And an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional layered object including the solid body, including a cutting unit that performs a cutting process on the plurality of laminated solidified layers.
A flow passage portion that is formed in the solid body and allows a fluid to flow through a flow path through which the fluid flows through the solid body;
And a temperature adjusting unit for adjusting the temperature of the fluid.

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