JP2018155370A

JP2018155370A - Brake unit

Info

Publication number: JP2018155370A
Application number: JP2017054290A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 高田　声一; Seiichi Takada; 声一高田
Original assignee: NTN Corp; NTN Toyo Bearing Co Ltd
Current assignee: NTN Corp
Priority date: 2017-03-21
Filing date: 2017-03-21
Publication date: 2018-10-04

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a brake unit which is reduced in power consumption, does not cause backlash, and is excellent in maintenance performance.SOLUTION: By carrying electricity to an excitation-operation type electromagnetic brake 6, and constricting a lock release piece 5 so as to be non-rotatable, only a rotating shaft 1 rotates when torque is applied to the rotating shaft 1, and by releasing the lock release piece 5 so as to be rotatable by bringing the electromagnetic brake 6 into a non-energized state, the rotating shaft 1 is not rotated even if the torque is applied to the rotating shaft 1. By this constitution, the electromagnetic brake 6 is sufficed with a small amount of power consumption at a brake capacity capable of constricting the lock release piece 5, and by carrying electricity to the electromagnetic brake 6 from a different power supply even in power interruption, work such as maintenance can be efficiently performed by manually rotating the rotating shaft 1. Furthermore, since the transmission of rotation to an output side from an input side is performed by only the integrated rotating shaft 1, backlash hardly occurs.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、機械装置の回転伝達部に使用され、停電等の異常時に回転伝達部を停止させるブレーキユニットに関する。 The present invention relates to a brake unit that is used in a rotation transmission unit of a mechanical device and stops the rotation transmission unit when an abnormality such as a power failure occurs.

駆動部の回転駆動により出力側の機器を作動させる機械装置には、運転中に停電等の異常が生じたときに出力側の機器が無制御状態で動くことを防止するために、異常時に駆動部と機器との間の回転伝達部を停止させるブレーキ（またはブレーキユニット）を組み込んでいるものがある。 For mechanical devices that operate the output side device by the rotational drive of the drive unit, it is driven in the event of an abnormality to prevent the output side device from moving in an uncontrolled state when an abnormality such as a power failure occurs during operation. Some have incorporated a brake (or brake unit) that stops the rotation transmission unit between the unit and the device.

上記のようなブレーキとしては、無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキを使用することが多い。無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキは、一般に、回転軸に相対回転不能に取り付けられたブレーキ板と、ブレーキばねによってブレーキ板に押し付けられるアーマチュアと、通電によりアーマチュアを吸引する電磁石とを備え、電磁石が非通電状態のときは、ブレーキばねの弾力でアーマチュアをブレーキ板に押し付けて回転軸の回転を阻止し、電磁石に通電すると、電磁石がブレーキばねの弾力に抗してアーマチュアを吸引してブレーキ板から離反させ、回転軸に対する制動を解除するようになっている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。 As the above brake, a non-excitation operation type electromagnetic brake is often used. A non-excitation operation type electromagnetic brake generally includes a brake plate that is attached to a rotating shaft so as not to be relatively rotatable, an armature that is pressed against the brake plate by a brake spring, and an electromagnet that attracts the armature by energization. When energized, the armature is pressed against the brake plate by the elasticity of the brake spring to prevent rotation of the rotating shaft.When the electromagnet is energized, the electromagnet attracts the armature against the elasticity of the brake spring and moves away from the brake plate. The brake on the rotating shaft is released (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

したがって、機械装置に無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキを組み込む場合、通常運転中は電磁ブレーキへ通電して回転伝達部の回転軸に対する制動を解除しておき、停電時には電磁ブレーキが非通電状態となることにより回転軸の回転を阻止するようにする。 Therefore, when a non-excitation operation type electromagnetic brake is incorporated in the mechanical device, the electromagnetic brake is energized during normal operation to release the braking on the rotation shaft of the rotation transmission unit, and the electromagnetic brake is de-energized during a power failure. This prevents rotation of the rotating shaft.

また、ブレーキとして、上記の無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキに代えて、入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられたときは、その回転を出力側部材に伝達し、出力側部材に逆入力トルクが加えられたときは、出力側部材をロックさせる逆入力遮断クラッチ（例えば、特許文献２参照。）を用いることも考えられる。 In addition, when an input torque is applied to the input side member, the rotation is transmitted to the output side member and a reverse input torque is applied to the output side member. In such a case, it is conceivable to use a reverse input cutoff clutch (for example, see Patent Document 2) that locks the output side member.

上記逆入力遮断クラッチには、同一軸心のまわりに回転する入力側部材と出力側部材との間に、入力側部材の回転を出力側部材に伝達するトルク伝達手段を設け、出力側部材の径方向外側に固定の外輪を配し、出力側部材の外周面に複数のカム面を設けて、外輪の内周円筒面と出力側部材の各カム面との間に周方向で次第に狭小となる楔形空間を形成し、これらの各楔形空間に一対のローラとその一対のローラを楔形空間の狭小部へ押し込むばね（弾性部材）を組み込むとともに、各楔形空間の周方向両側（ローラを挟んでばねに周方向で対向する位置）に、入力側部材と一体回転するロック解除片の柱部を挿入した構成のものが多い。 The reverse input shut-off clutch is provided with torque transmission means for transmitting the rotation of the input side member to the output side member between the input side member and the output side member that rotate about the same axis, A fixed outer ring is arranged on the radially outer side, a plurality of cam surfaces are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the output side member, and gradually narrow in the circumferential direction between the inner peripheral cylindrical surface of the outer ring and each cam surface of the output side member. In this wedge-shaped space, a pair of rollers and a spring (an elastic member) that pushes the pair of rollers into a narrow portion of the wedge-shaped space are incorporated into each wedge-shaped space. In many cases, a column portion of an unlocking piece that rotates integrally with the input side member is inserted at a position facing the spring in the circumferential direction.

この構成によれば、出力側部材に逆入力トルクが加えられても、回転方向後側のローラが外輪および出力側部材に係合することにより出力側部材がロックされる。一方、入力側部材に入力トルクが加えられたときは、入力側部材と一体回転するロック解除片の柱部が回転方向後側のローラをばねの弾力に抗して楔形空間の広大部へ押し出すことにより、そのローラと外輪および出力側部材との係合が解除されて、出力側部材がロック状態から解放された後、トルク伝達手段によって入力側部材から出力側部材に回転が伝達される。 According to this configuration, even if reverse input torque is applied to the output side member, the output side member is locked by engaging the roller on the rear side in the rotation direction with the outer ring and the output side member. On the other hand, when an input torque is applied to the input side member, the column portion of the unlocking piece that rotates integrally with the input side member pushes the roller on the rear side in the rotation direction against the elastic portion of the spring to the wide portion of the wedge-shaped space. As a result, the engagement between the roller, the outer ring, and the output side member is released, and the output side member is released from the locked state, and then the rotation is transmitted from the input side member to the output side member by the torque transmitting means.

したがって、この構成の逆入力遮断クラッチをブレーキとして機械装置に組み込めば、通常運転中は駆動部から出力側の機器へ回転が伝達され、停電等で駆動部が停止したときは、機器に重力等の外力が加わっても、逆入力遮断クラッチの出力側部材がロックすることにより、機器が動かないようにすることができる。 Therefore, if the reverse input shut-off clutch with this configuration is incorporated into a mechanical device as a brake, rotation is transmitted from the drive unit to the output side device during normal operation, and when the drive unit stops due to a power failure or the like, gravity or the like is applied to the device. Even when the external force is applied, the output side member of the reverse input cutoff clutch is locked, so that the device can be prevented from moving.

特開２００８−１４４７８６号公報JP 2008-144786 A 特開２０１０−２８１３７５号公報JP 2010-281375 A

ところで、上記の無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキは、その電磁ブレーキを組み込んだ機械装置に停電等の異常が発生したときに出力側の機器の動作を確実に止めるために、機器に加えられる最大トルクに応じたブレーキ容量すなわちブレーキばねがアーマチュアをブレーキ板に押し付ける力が必要となる。そして、機械装置の通常運転中は、そのブレーキばねの弾力に抗して電磁石の吸引力でアーマチュアをブレーキ板から離反させ、ブレーキがかからないようにしておく必要がある。このため、電磁石が大型化して重くなるうえ、電力消費量も大きくなるという問題があった。 By the way, the above-mentioned non-excitation operation type electromagnetic brake has the maximum torque that can be applied to the device in order to reliably stop the operation of the device on the output side when an abnormality such as a power failure occurs in the mechanical device incorporating the electromagnetic brake. Therefore, the brake capacity corresponding to the pressure, that is, the force by which the brake spring presses the armature against the brake plate is required. During normal operation of the mechanical device, the armature needs to be separated from the brake plate by the attractive force of the electromagnet against the elasticity of the brake spring so that the brake is not applied. For this reason, there existed a problem that an electromagnet enlarged and became heavy, and also the power consumption also became large.

一方、上記の逆入力遮断クラッチは、ブレーキとして機械装置に組み込む場合、通常運転中にブレーキがかからないようにするための電力を必要としないという点で、無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキよりも有利である。しかしながら、入力側部材と出力側部材との間にバックラッシがあるし、逆入力トルクに対して出力側部材がロックするので、機械装置のメンテナンス等を行う際に、作業者が出力側から機器を動かすことができず、作業性が低くなるという難点がある。 On the other hand, the reverse input cutoff clutch described above is more advantageous than a non-excitation operation type electromagnetic brake in that it does not require electric power to prevent the brake from being applied during normal operation when incorporated in a mechanical device as a brake. is there. However, there is a backlash between the input side member and the output side member, and the output side member is locked against the reverse input torque. There is a problem that it cannot be moved and workability is lowered.

そこで、本発明は、電力消費量が少なく、かつバックラッシがなくメンテナンス性に優れたブレーキユニットを提供することを課題とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a brake unit that consumes less power, has no backlash, and has excellent maintainability.

上記の課題を解決するために、本発明のブレーキユニットは、外周に円筒面を有する回転軸と、前記回転軸を通される筒状の固定部材と、前記固定部材の内周に回転可能に嵌め込まれて前記回転軸と径方向で対向する外輪と、前記回転軸と外輪とをロックするロック機構と、前記回転軸の外周に回転可能に嵌め込まれるロック解除片と、通電時は前記ロック解除片を回転不能に拘束し、通電停止により前記ロック解除片を回転自在に解放する励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキとを備え、前記固定部材は、前記外輪の両方向の回転をそれぞれ所定の回転可能角度に規制する手段を有し、前記ロック機構は、前記外輪の内周面に複数のカム面が設けられて、前記回転軸の外周円筒面と外輪の各カム面との間に周方向両側で次第に狭小となる楔形空間が形成され、これらの各楔形空間に一対のローラとその一対のローラに挟まれて各ローラを楔形空間の狭小部へ押し込む弾性部材が組み込まれているものであり、前記ロック解除片は、前記各ローラを挟んで弾性部材と対向する位置に挿入される柱部を有し、その柱部とローラとの隙間角度が前記外輪の回転可能角度よりも小さくなる状態で組み込まれており、前記電磁ブレーキが通電された状態で、前記回転軸にトルクが加えられたときには、前記各楔形空間の一対のローラのうち、回転方向前側のローラが前記ロック解除片の柱部に当接して停止し、相対的に前記楔形空間の広大部へ移動することにより、前記ロック機構による回転軸と外輪のロック状態が解除された後、前記回転軸のみが回転し、前記電磁ブレーキが非通電の状態で、前記回転軸にトルクが加えられたときには、前記回転方向前側のローラが前記ロック解除片の柱部を押してロック解除片を回転させ、前記回転軸とロックした外輪が前記固定部材に回転を規制されることにより、前記回転軸が停止する構成を採用した。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the brake unit of the present invention has a rotating shaft having a cylindrical surface on the outer periphery, a cylindrical fixing member through which the rotating shaft is passed, and an inner periphery of the fixing member. An outer ring that is fitted and radially opposed to the rotation shaft, a lock mechanism that locks the rotation shaft and the outer ring, a lock release piece that is rotatably fitted on the outer periphery of the rotation shaft, and the lock release when energized An electromagnetically actuated electromagnetic brake that restrains the piece to be non-rotatable and freely releases the unlocking piece by stopping energization, and the fixing member rotates the outer ring in both directions at a predetermined rotatable angle. The locking mechanism is provided with a plurality of cam surfaces on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring, and gradually on both sides in the circumferential direction between the outer peripheral cylindrical surface of the rotating shaft and each cam surface of the outer ring. A narrow wedge-shaped space is formed In each wedge-shaped space, a pair of rollers and an elastic member that is sandwiched between the pair of rollers and pushes each roller into a narrow portion of the wedge-shaped space are incorporated. And a column portion inserted at a position facing the elastic member, with the gap angle between the column portion and the roller being smaller than the rotatable angle of the outer ring, and the electromagnetic brake When torque is applied to the rotating shaft in the energized state, of the pair of rollers in each wedge-shaped space, the roller on the front side in the rotational direction comes into contact with the column portion of the unlocking piece and stops. To the wide portion of the wedge-shaped space, after the locked state of the rotating shaft and the outer ring by the locking mechanism is released, only the rotating shaft rotates, and the electromagnetic brake is in a non-energized state, When torque is applied to the rotating shaft, the roller on the front side in the rotation direction pushes the column portion of the unlocking piece to rotate the unlocking piece, and the outer ring locked to the rotating shaft is restricted from rotating by the fixing member. Thereby, the structure which the said rotating shaft stops was employ | adopted.

上記構成では、電磁ブレーキのブレーキ容量は、回転軸を回転させる際にロック解除片が回転方向前側のローラから受ける押圧力に抗してロック解除片を停止させておけるだけでよく、無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキのみで回転軸を停止させる場合に必要なブレーキ容量に比べてかなり小さくなるので、電磁ブレーキの電力消費量を少なくできる。しかも、停電中でも、別途電源から電磁ブレーキに電力を供給すれば、容易に回転軸と外輪のロック状態を解除できるようになるので、手動で回転軸を回転させてメンテナンス作業等を行えるし、入力側から出力側に回転を伝達する回転軸が一体であるため、従来の逆入力遮断クラッチのようなバックラッシがない。 In the above configuration, the brake capacity of the electromagnetic brake is only required to stop the unlocking piece against the pressing force that the unlocking piece receives from the roller on the front side in the rotation direction when rotating the rotating shaft. The power consumption of the electromagnetic brake can be reduced because it is considerably smaller than the brake capacity required when the rotary shaft is stopped only by the electromagnetic brake of the type. Moreover, even during a power outage, if power is separately supplied from the power supply to the electromagnetic brake, the locked state of the rotating shaft and outer ring can be easily released, so the rotating shaft can be manually rotated for maintenance work, etc. Since the rotating shaft that transmits the rotation from the side to the output side is integrated, there is no backlash like the conventional reverse input cutoff clutch.

前記電磁ブレーキとしては、前記ロック解除片に相対回転不能に連結されてロック解除片の径方向外側に張り出すブレーキ板と、前記ブレーキ板の一側面と対向し、軸方向移動可能かつ回転不能に保持されたアーマチュアと、前記アーマチュアをブレーキ板から引き離す離反ばねと、通電により前記アーマチュアを離反ばねの弾力に抗してブレーキ板に押し付ける電磁石とを備えたものを採用することができる。 As the electromagnetic brake, a brake plate that is connected to the unlocking piece so as not to rotate relative to each other and projects radially outward of the unlocking piece, and faces one side of the brake plate, is axially movable and non-rotatable. A holding armature, a separation spring that pulls the armature away from the brake plate, and an electromagnet that presses the armature against the brake plate against the elasticity of the separation spring when energized can be used.

また、上記の構成においては、前記外輪を組み込み時の姿勢に戻す方向に回転付勢する外輪用戻しばねを設けることが好ましい。すなわち、このような外輪用戻しばねを設ければ、停電等で電磁ブレーキも非通電状態となって回転軸が停止したときに、外輪が自動的に組み込み時の位置に戻るので、回転軸の回転を再開しようとするときに、回転軸と外輪のロック解除をスムーズに行うことができる。 Further, in the above configuration, it is preferable to provide an outer ring return spring that urges the outer ring to rotate in a direction to return the outer ring to the posture when assembled. That is, if such a return spring for the outer ring is provided, the outer ring automatically returns to the position at the time of installation when the electromagnetic brake is also de-energized due to a power failure or the like and the rotation axis stops. When resuming the rotation, the lock of the rotating shaft and the outer ring can be smoothly released.

また、前記ロック解除片を組み込み時の姿勢に戻す方向に回転付勢する解除片用戻しばねを設けることもできる。このような解除片用戻しばねを設ければ、停電等で電磁ブレーキも非通電状態となって回転軸が停止したときに、外輪を組み込み時の姿勢に戻すと、電磁ブレーキから解放されたロック解除片の柱部が自動的に組み込み時の位置に戻り、ロック解除片の柱部とローラの位置関係が確実に組み込み時の状態となるので、回転軸の回転を再開しようとするときに、回転軸と外輪のロック解除がよりスムーズに行われるようになる。 In addition, a release spring for releasing pieces that urges the lock release pieces in a direction to return to the posture at the time of incorporation may be provided. If such a return spring for release piece is provided, the lock released from the electromagnetic brake will be restored if the outer ring is returned to the built-in position when the rotating shaft stops when the electromagnetic brake is de-energized due to a power failure or the like. The column part of the release piece automatically returns to the position at the time of assembly, and the positional relationship between the column part of the lock release piece and the roller is surely at the time of assembly, so when trying to resume the rotation of the rotating shaft, The lock of the rotating shaft and the outer ring can be released more smoothly.

本発明のブレーキユニットは、上述したように、励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキを非通電状態としてロック解除片を解放することにより、ロック機構の作用で回転軸の回転を阻止するものであり、その電磁ブレーキは回転軸が回転するときにロック解除片を拘束できるブレーキ容量があればよく、停止時の回転軸に加えられる最大トルクを考慮する必要がないので、無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキのみで回転軸を停止させる場合に比べて、電磁ブレーキの電力消費量を少なくすることができる。しかも、停電中でも別途電源から電磁ブレーキに通電すれば手動で回転軸を回転させることができるので、メンテナンス等の作業を効率よく行えるし、従来の逆入力遮断クラッチのようなバックラッシもない。 As described above, the brake unit of the present invention prevents the rotation of the rotary shaft by the action of the lock mechanism by releasing the lock release piece by deenergizing the electromagnetic brake of the excitation operation type. The brake only needs to have a brake capacity that can restrain the unlocking piece when the rotating shaft rotates, and it is not necessary to consider the maximum torque that can be applied to the rotating shaft when stopped. Compared with the case where the shaft is stopped, the power consumption of the electromagnetic brake can be reduced. In addition, since the rotating shaft can be manually rotated by energizing the electromagnetic brake from a separate power source even during a power failure, work such as maintenance can be performed efficiently, and there is no backlash like a conventional reverse input cutoff clutch.

実施形態のブレーキユニットの縦断正面図（電磁ブレーキ通電時）Longitudinal front view of the brake unit of the embodiment (when electromagnetic brake is energized) 図１のII−II線に沿った要部拡大断面図The principal part expanded sectional view along the II-II line of FIG. 図１のブレーキユニットの電磁ブレーキ非通電時の状態を示す縦断正面図1 is a longitudinal front view showing a state where the electromagnetic brake of the brake unit of FIG. 1 is not energized. ａ、ｂは、それぞれ図２に対応して回転伝達時の動作を説明する断面図a and b are sectional views for explaining the operation at the time of rotation transmission corresponding to FIG. 図４（ｂ）の状態から電磁ブレーキが非通電状態になったときの動作を説明する断面図Sectional drawing explaining operation | movement when an electromagnetic brake will be in a non-energized state from the state of FIG.4 (b). ａ、ｂは、それぞれ図５の状態から回転軸に停止前と逆方向のトルクが加えられたときの動作を説明する断面図FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views for explaining the operation when torque in the direction opposite to that before stopping is applied to the rotating shaft from the state of FIG. 図２に対応して外輪用戻しばねを設けた変形例を示す要部拡大断面図The principal part expanded sectional view which shows the modification which provided the return spring for outer rings corresponding to FIG.

以下、図面に基づき、本発明の実施形態を説明する。このブレーキユニットは、駆動部の回転駆動により出力側の機器を作動させる機械装置の回転伝達部に使用されるもので、図１に示すように、軸方向中央部に大径円筒部（以下、単に「大径部」という。）を有する回転軸１と、回転軸１を通される筒状のハウジング（固定部材）２と、ハウジング２の内周に嵌め込まれて回転軸１大径部と径方向で対向する外輪３と、回転軸１と外輪３とをロックするロック機構４と、回転軸１大径部の外周に回転可能に嵌め込まれるロック解除片５と、ハウジング２に組み込まれた励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキ６とで基本的に構成されている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This brake unit is used in a rotation transmission unit of a mechanical device that operates an output-side device by rotational driving of a drive unit, and as shown in FIG. A rotary shaft 1 having a simple “large diameter portion”), a cylindrical housing (fixing member) 2 through which the rotary shaft 1 is passed, and a large diameter portion of the rotary shaft 1 fitted into the inner periphery of the housing 2. The outer ring 3 that is opposed in the radial direction, the lock mechanism 4 that locks the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring 3, the unlocking piece 5 that is rotatably fitted on the outer periphery of the large-diameter portion of the rotating shaft 1, and the housing 2 It is basically composed of an excitation actuated electromagnetic brake 6.

前記回転軸１は、軸方向両側の小径円筒部がそれぞれ玉軸受７を介してハウジング２に回転自在に支持されている。そして、その一端側（入力側）の小径円筒部に機械装置の駆動部としてのモータ（図示省略）が連結され、他端側（出力側）の小径円筒部にそのモータの回転駆動によって作動する機器（図示省略）が連結されるようになっている。なお、図示は省略するが、回転軸１を中空軸とすれば、その中空部を利用して機械装置の配線を行い、機械装置全体をコンパクトな構造とすることができる。 The rotary shaft 1 has small-diameter cylindrical portions on both sides in the axial direction supported by the housing 2 via ball bearings 7 respectively. A motor (not shown) as a drive unit of the mechanical device is connected to the small-diameter cylindrical portion on one end side (input side), and the small-diameter cylindrical portion on the other end side (output side) is operated by the rotational drive of the motor. Devices (not shown) are connected. In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, if the rotating shaft 1 is made into a hollow shaft, wiring of a mechanical apparatus can be performed using the hollow part, and the whole mechanical apparatus can be made into a compact structure.

前記ハウジング２は、その一端側に別体で形成された蓋部２ａが電磁ブレーキ６を覆う状態で取り付けられたものであり、外周部にあけられた複数の軸方向貫通孔２ｂを利用して外部部材に固定されるようになっている。また、図２に示すように、その内周の外輪３が嵌め込まれる部分に、外輪３外周の複数の凹部３ａのそれぞれに回転方向隙間をもって挿入される複数の凸部２ｃが設けられ、これにより外輪３の両方向への回転をそれぞれ所定の回転可能角度αに規制する構成となっている。 The housing 2 is attached with a lid 2a formed separately on one end side thereof covering the electromagnetic brake 6, and utilizes a plurality of axial through holes 2b opened in the outer peripheral portion. It is designed to be fixed to an external member. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of convex portions 2 c to be inserted into the plurality of concave portions 3 a on the outer periphery of the outer ring 3 with a clearance in the rotational direction are provided in a portion where the outer ring 3 on the inner periphery is fitted. The rotation of the outer ring 3 in both directions is restricted to a predetermined rotatable angle α.

図２に示すように、前記外輪３は、その外周面に上記の複数の凹部３ａが設けられ、内周面には後述するようにロック機構４を構成するための複数のカム面３ｂが、周方向に等間隔で設けられている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the outer ring 3 is provided with the plurality of concave portions 3 a on the outer peripheral surface thereof, and a plurality of cam surfaces 3 b for constituting the lock mechanism 4 as described later on the inner peripheral surface, It is provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

前記ロック機構４は、外輪３の内周面に上記の複数のカム面３ｂを設けて、回転軸１大径部の外周円筒面と外輪３の各カム面３ｂとの間に周方向両側で次第に狭小となる楔形空間８を形成し、これらの各楔形空間８に一対のローラ９とその一対のローラ９に挟まれて各ローラ９を楔形空間８の狭小部へ押し込むコイルばね（弾性部材）１０を組み込むことにより、回転軸１と外輪３とをロック状態とするものである。なお、コイルばね１０は、板ばね等の他の弾性部材に代えることもできる。 The lock mechanism 4 is provided with the plurality of cam surfaces 3b on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 3, and between the outer peripheral cylindrical surface of the large-diameter portion of the rotating shaft 1 and each cam surface 3b of the outer ring 3 on both sides in the circumferential direction. A wedge-shaped space 8 that is gradually narrowed is formed, and a coil spring (elastic member) that is sandwiched between the pair of rollers 9 and the pair of rollers 9 and pushes each roller 9 into the narrow portion of the wedge-shaped space 8. By incorporating 10, the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 are brought into a locked state. The coil spring 10 can be replaced with another elastic member such as a leaf spring.

前記ロック解除片５は、図１に示すように、二段の外周円筒面を有し、一端側に座ぐりが形成された本体部５ａと、本体部５ａの他端面から回転軸１と外輪３の径方向隙間に挿入される複数の柱部５ｂとからなる。その本体部５ａの大径側の外周面には複数の軸方向溝５ｃが設けられており、これらの軸方向溝５ｃで後述するように電磁ブレーキ６に連結されている。また、本体部５ａの小径側の外周面には周方向溝５ｄが設けられ、この周方向溝５ｄにハウジング２との間をシールするシール部材としてＯリング１１が配されている。そして、図２に示すように、ロック解除片５の各柱部５ｂは、ローラ９を挟んでコイルばね１０と対向する位置に、両側のローラ９のそれぞれとの隙間角度βが前述の外輪３の回転可能角度αよりも小さくなる状態で挿入されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the unlocking piece 5 has a two-step outer peripheral cylindrical surface, a main body portion 5a having a counterbore formed on one end side, and the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring from the other end surface of the main body portion 5a. And a plurality of column portions 5b inserted into the three radial gaps. A plurality of axial grooves 5c are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 5a on the large diameter side, and these axial grooves 5c are connected to an electromagnetic brake 6 as described later. Further, a circumferential groove 5d is provided on the outer peripheral surface on the small diameter side of the main body 5a, and an O-ring 11 is disposed in the circumferential groove 5d as a seal member that seals between the housing 2 and the circumferential groove 5d. As shown in FIG. 2, each column portion 5 b of the unlocking piece 5 is positioned so as to face the coil spring 10 with the roller 9 interposed therebetween, and the gap angle β between each of the rollers 9 on both sides is the aforementioned outer ring 3. Is inserted in a state smaller than the rotatable angle α.

前記電磁ブレーキ６は、図１に示すように、ロック解除片５の本体部５ａにその径方向外側に張り出す状態で連結されるブレーキ板１２と、ブレーキ板１２の一側面と対向するアーマチュア１３と、ブレーキ板１２の他側面と対向する摩擦板１４と、アーマチュア１３をブレーキ板１２から離反させる複数の離反ばね１５と、摩擦板１４の他側面と対向する状態でハウジング２に埋め込まれた電磁石１６とからなる。なお、離反ばね１５はコイルばねが用いられているが、他の弾性部材を採用することもできる。 As shown in FIG. 1, the electromagnetic brake 6 includes a brake plate 12 connected to the main body portion 5 a of the unlocking piece 5 so as to project outward in the radial direction, and an armature 13 facing one side surface of the brake plate 12. A friction plate 14 facing the other side of the brake plate 12, a plurality of separation springs 15 for separating the armature 13 from the brake plate 12, and an electromagnet embedded in the housing 2 so as to face the other side of the friction plate 14. 16 In addition, although the coil spring is used for the separation spring 15, other elastic members can also be employed.

この電磁ブレーキ６のブレーキ板１２は、その内周から突出する複数の凸部１２ａが、それぞれロック解除片５の本体部５ａの外周面に設けられた軸方向溝５ｃに摺動自在に嵌まり込んでおり、これによりロック解除片５と相対回転不能かつ軸方向に相対移動可能に連結されている。 The brake plate 12 of the electromagnetic brake 6 has a plurality of protrusions 12a protruding from the inner periphery thereof and slidably fitted in axial grooves 5c provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body 5a of the unlocking piece 5. Accordingly, the lock release piece 5 is connected to the lock release piece 5 so as not to be relatively rotatable and to be relatively movable in the axial direction.

アーマチュア１３は、ロック解除片５の本体部５ａの大径側の外周に摺動自在に嵌め込まれるとともに、外周部分にハウジング２を軸方向に貫通する複数のボルト１７が通されることにより、軸方向移動可能かつ回転不能に保持されている。 The armature 13 is slidably fitted on the outer circumference of the main body 5a of the unlocking piece 5 and a plurality of bolts 17 penetrating the housing 2 in the axial direction are passed through the outer circumference portion. It is held in a directionally movable and non-rotatable manner.

また、摩擦板１４は、ブレーキ板１２と電磁石１６に挟まれる位置でハウジング２に固定されており、離反ばね１５は、一端部をハウジング２の蓋部２ａの内側面に固定され、他端部をアーマチュア１３の一側面に固定されて、アーマチュア１３をブレーキ板１２から離反する方向に引っ張っている。 The friction plate 14 is fixed to the housing 2 at a position between the brake plate 12 and the electromagnet 16, and the separation spring 15 has one end fixed to the inner surface of the lid portion 2 a of the housing 2 and the other end. Is fixed to one side surface of the armature 13, and the armature 13 is pulled away from the brake plate 12.

したがって、電磁石１６に通電すると、電磁石１６がアーマチュア１３を吸引して離反ばね１５の弾力に抗して軸方向移動させ、ブレーキ板１２に押し付けることにより、アーマチュア１３に押されたブレーキ板１２が摩擦板１４に押し付けられ（図１の状態）、電磁石１６への通電を停止すると、図３に示すように、離反ばね１５がアーマチュア１６をブレーキ板１２から離反させる。すなわち、通電時はブレーキ板１２とこれに連結されたロック解除片５を回転不能に拘束し、通電停止によりロック解除片５を回転自在に解放するようになっている。 Therefore, when the electromagnet 16 is energized, the electromagnet 16 attracts the armature 13 to move in the axial direction against the elasticity of the separation spring 15 and presses against the brake plate 12, so that the brake plate 12 pressed by the armature 13 is frictionally applied. When pressed against the plate 14 (in the state shown in FIG. 1) and the energization of the electromagnet 16 is stopped, the separation spring 15 separates the armature 16 from the brake plate 12, as shown in FIG. That is, when energized, the brake plate 12 and the unlocking piece 5 connected thereto are restrained so as not to rotate, and the unlocking piece 5 is freely released when energization is stopped.

次に、このブレーキユニットの動作を、図４乃至図６（回転軸１に加えられるトルクが入力側から見て右回りの場合）に基づいて説明する。まず、電磁ブレーキ６（の電磁石１６）に通電しているときは、図１に示したように、電磁ブレーキ６がロック解除片５を回転不能に拘束している。このとき、図２に示した組込状態でモータから回転軸１にトルクが加えられると、図４（ａ）に示すように、回転軸１およびロック機構４によりローラ９を介して回転軸１とロックされた外輪３が僅かに回転した後、各楔形空間８の一対のローラ９のうち、回転方向前側のローラ９がロック解除片５の柱部５ｂに当接して停止する。この図４（ａ）の状態では、まだ外輪３の凹部３ａの回転方向後側の側壁はハウジング２の凸部２ｃに接触しておらず、外輪３は回転を規制されていない。 Next, the operation of the brake unit will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6 (when the torque applied to the rotary shaft 1 is clockwise when viewed from the input side). First, when the electromagnetic brake 6 (the electromagnet 16) is energized, as shown in FIG. 1, the electromagnetic brake 6 restrains the lock release piece 5 so that it cannot rotate. At this time, when torque is applied from the motor to the rotary shaft 1 in the assembled state shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the rotary shaft 1 and the lock mechanism 4 via the roller 9 are rotated. After the locked outer ring 3 is slightly rotated, the roller 9 on the front side in the rotational direction of the pair of rollers 9 in each wedge-shaped space 8 comes into contact with the column portion 5b of the unlocking piece 5 and stops. In the state of FIG. 4A, the side wall on the rear side in the rotation direction of the recess 3a of the outer ring 3 is not in contact with the projection 2c of the housing 2, and the rotation of the outer ring 3 is not restricted.

そして、図４（ｂ）に示すように、外輪３が慣性および回転方向後側のローラ９との摩擦によりさらに回転すると、回転方向前側のローラ９が相対的に楔形空間８の広大部へ移動することにより回転軸１と外輪３のロック状態が解除され、回転軸１のみが回転するようになる（外輪３は、ロック解除直後に凹部３ａの回転方向後側の側壁がハウジング２の凸部２ｃに当接して停止する）。なお、このとき、回転方向後側のローラ９は回転軸１との摩擦により楔形空間８の広大部に相対移動するので、回転軸１と外輪３をロックさせることはない。 Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the outer ring 3 further rotates due to inertia and friction with the roller 9 on the rear side in the rotation direction, the roller 9 on the front side in the rotation direction relatively moves to the wide part of the wedge-shaped space 8. As a result, the locked state of the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 is released, and only the rotating shaft 1 rotates (the outer ring 3 has a convex side wall of the housing 2 on the rear side wall in the rotational direction of the recess 3a immediately after unlocking. 2c to stop). At this time, the roller 9 on the rear side in the rotation direction moves relative to the wide portion of the wedge-shaped space 8 by friction with the rotation shaft 1, so that the rotation shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 are not locked.

上記のように回転軸１が回転している途中で停電等によりモータへの通電が停止した場合、モータが停止しても回転軸１は慣性で回転し続けようとする。しかし、このときには電磁ブレーキ６も非通電状態となって、ロック解除片５が電磁ブレーキ６から解放される（図３の状態となる）ので、図５に示すように、回転方向前側のローラ９がロック解除片５の柱部５ｂを押してロック解除片５を回転させ、相対的に楔形空間８の狭小部へ移動することにより、回転軸１はハウジング２に回転を規制された外輪３とロック状態となって停止する。 As described above, when the energization of the motor is stopped due to a power failure or the like while the rotating shaft 1 is rotating, the rotating shaft 1 continues to rotate due to inertia even when the motor stops. However, at this time, the electromagnetic brake 6 is also de-energized, and the unlocking piece 5 is released from the electromagnetic brake 6 (the state shown in FIG. 3). Therefore, as shown in FIG. Presses the column portion 5b of the unlocking piece 5 to rotate the unlocking piece 5 and relatively move to the narrow part of the wedge-shaped space 8, whereby the rotating shaft 1 is locked to the outer ring 3 whose rotation is restricted by the housing 2. Stops in a state.

図５のように回転軸１が停止した状態で、出力側の機器に重力等の外力が作用して回転軸１にそれまでと逆方向の（入力側から見て左回りの）トルクが加えられても、図６（ａ）に示すように、回転軸１と外輪３がロック状態で僅かに回転するとともに、回転方向前側のローラ９がロック解除片５の柱部５ｂを押してロック解除片５を回転させた後、図６（ｂ）に示すように、外輪３の凹部３ａの回転方向後側の側壁がハウジング２の凸部２ｃに当接して外輪３の回転が規制されるので、外輪３とロック状態にある回転軸１も停止する。 With the rotating shaft 1 stopped as shown in FIG. 5, an external force such as gravity acts on the output side device, and torque in the opposite direction (counterclockwise when viewed from the input side) is applied to the rotating shaft 1 6A, the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 are slightly rotated in the locked state, and the roller 9 on the front side in the rotating direction pushes the column portion 5b of the unlocking piece 5 to release the unlocking piece. After the rotation of the outer ring 3, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the rotation-side rotation of the outer ring 3 is restricted because the side wall on the rear side in the rotation direction of the recess 3a of the outer ring 3 comes into contact with the projection 2c of the housing 2. The rotating shaft 1 in a locked state with the outer ring 3 also stops.

また、回転軸１が停止した後、再びモータから回転軸１にトルクを加えて回転軸１を回転させようとするときは、予め図５または図６（ｂ）の状態から回転軸１をそれまでと逆方向（図５では左方向、図６（ｂ）では右方向）に僅かに回転させて、回転軸１とロック状態にある外輪３を組み込み時の姿勢に戻しておく。このときには、電磁ブレーキ６から解放されているロック解除片５も、回転軸１につれ回りしてほぼ組み込み時の姿勢に戻るので、ロック解除片５の柱部５ｂと両側のローラ９との隙間角度が外輪３の回転可能角度よりも小さくなる。そして、その後に電磁ブレーキ６に通電してロック解除片５を回転不能に拘束しておくことにより、モータから回転軸１にトルクの加えたときに、いずれの回転方向でも回転軸１と外輪３のロック解除をスムーズに行えるようになる。 In addition, when the rotating shaft 1 is to be rotated again by applying torque from the motor to the rotating shaft 1 after the rotating shaft 1 is stopped, the rotating shaft 1 is moved from the state of FIG. 5 or FIG. 6B in advance. Slightly rotate in the opposite direction (leftward in FIG. 5 and rightward in FIG. 6 (b)) until the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 in the locked state are returned to the posture when assembled. At this time, the unlocking piece 5 released from the electromagnetic brake 6 also rotates around the rotary shaft 1 and returns to the almost assembled state. Therefore, the clearance angle between the column portion 5b of the unlocking piece 5 and the rollers 9 on both sides. Becomes smaller than the rotatable angle of the outer ring 3. Then, by energizing the electromagnetic brake 6 and restraining the unlocking piece 5 so as not to rotate, when the torque is applied to the rotating shaft 1 from the motor, the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 in any rotation direction. Can be unlocked smoothly.

また、上記図４乃至図６の例と逆に、最初に回転軸１に入力側から見て左回りの入力トルクを加えた場合も、回転方向以外は上記と同様の動作が行われる。 Also, contrary to the examples of FIGS. 4 to 6, when a counterclockwise input torque as viewed from the input side is first applied to the rotary shaft 1, the same operation as described above is performed except for the rotation direction.

図７は、ハウジング２の凸部２ｃと外輪３の凹部３ａの回転方向両側の側壁との間に、外輪３を組み込み時の姿勢に戻す方向に回転付勢する外輪用戻しばね１８を設けた変形例を示す。各外輪用戻しばね１８は、コイルばねが用いられ、最も縮んだときの外輪３の回転角度、すなわち外輪３の回転可能角度が、ロック解除片５の柱部５ｂとローラ９との隙間角度よりも大きくなるように設定されている。この変形例では、停電等で電磁ブレーキ６も非通電状態となって回転軸１が停止したときに、外輪３が自動的に組み込み時の位置に戻るので、回転軸１の回転を再開しようとするときに、予めモータを制御して回転軸１をそれまでと逆方向に回転させなくても、回転軸１と外輪３のロック解除をスムーズに行うことができる。 In FIG. 7, an outer ring return spring 18 is provided between the convex portion 2 c of the housing 2 and the side walls on both sides in the rotational direction of the concave portion 3 a of the outer ring 3 to urge the outer ring 3 to return to the posture when assembled. A modification is shown. Each outer ring return spring 18 uses a coil spring, and the rotation angle of the outer ring 3 when it is most contracted, that is, the rotatable angle of the outer ring 3 is determined by the clearance angle between the column portion 5b of the lock release piece 5 and the roller 9. Is also set to be large. In this modification, when the electromagnetic brake 6 is also de-energized due to a power failure or the like and the rotary shaft 1 stops, the outer ring 3 automatically returns to the position at the time of installation, so that the rotation of the rotary shaft 1 is to be resumed. When this is done, it is possible to smoothly unlock the rotating shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 without previously controlling the motor to rotate the rotating shaft 1 in the opposite direction.

また、図示は省略するが、ロック解除片５を組み込み時の姿勢に戻す方向に回転付勢する解除片用戻しばねを設けるようにすれば、停電等で電磁ブレーキ６も非通電状態となって回転軸１が停止した状態で、外輪３を組み込み時の姿勢に戻したときに、電磁ブレーキ６から解放されたロック解除片５の柱部５ｂが自動的に組み込み時の位置に戻り、ロック解除片５の柱部５ｂとローラ９の位置関係が確実に組み込み時の状態となるので、回転軸１の回転を再開しようとするときに、回転軸１と外輪３のロック解除をよりスムーズに行うことができる。 Although not shown in the drawings, if a release spring for releasing the lock is provided to rotate the lock release piece 5 in a direction to return it to the posture at the time of assembly, the electromagnetic brake 6 is also deenergized due to a power failure or the like. When the rotating shaft 1 is stopped and the outer ring 3 is returned to the assembled position, the column portion 5b of the unlocking piece 5 released from the electromagnetic brake 6 automatically returns to the assembled position, and the lock is released. Since the positional relationship between the column portion 5b of the piece 5 and the roller 9 is reliably in the state of assembling, the rotation shaft 1 and the outer ring 3 are unlocked more smoothly when the rotation of the rotation shaft 1 is to be resumed. be able to.

このブレーキユニットは、上記の構成であり、その励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキ６は回転軸１が回転するときにロック解除片５を拘束できるブレーキ容量があればよく、停止時の回転軸１に加えられる最大トルクを考慮する必要がないので、無励磁作動型の電磁ブレーキのみで回転軸を停止させる場合に比べて、電磁ブレーキ６の電力消費量が少ない。しかも、停電中でも別途電源から電磁ブレーキ６に通電すれば、手動で回転軸１を回転させることができるので、メンテナンス等の作業を効率よく行える。また、入力側から出力側への回転伝達は一体の回転軸１のみで行うので、従来の逆入力遮断クラッチのようなバックラッシもない。 The brake unit has the above-described configuration, and the excitation actuated electromagnetic brake 6 only needs to have a brake capacity capable of restraining the unlocking piece 5 when the rotary shaft 1 rotates. Since there is no need to consider the maximum torque that can be generated, the power consumption of the electromagnetic brake 6 is smaller than when the rotating shaft is stopped only by a non-excitation operation type electromagnetic brake. In addition, if the electromagnetic brake 6 is energized separately from the power supply even during a power failure, the rotating shaft 1 can be manually rotated, so that maintenance work and the like can be performed efficiently. Further, since the rotation transmission from the input side to the output side is performed only by the integral rotating shaft 1, there is no backlash like the conventional reverse input cutoff clutch.

１回転軸
２ハウジング（固定部材）
３外輪
３ｂカム面
４ロック機構
５ロック解除片
５ｂ柱部
６電磁ブレーキ
８楔形空間
９ローラ
１０コイルばね（弾性部材）
１２ブレーキ板
１３アーマチュア
１４摩擦板
１５離反ばね
１６電磁石
１８外輪用戻しばね 1 Rotating shaft 2 Housing (fixing member)
3 outer ring 3b cam surface 4 lock mechanism 5 lock release piece 5b column 6 electromagnetic brake 8 wedge-shaped space 9 roller 10 coil spring (elastic member)
12 Brake plate 13 Armature 14 Friction plate 15 Separation spring 16 Electromagnet 18 Return spring for outer ring

Claims

A rotating shaft having a cylindrical surface on the outer periphery; a cylindrical fixing member that is passed through the rotating shaft; an outer ring that is rotatably fitted on the inner periphery of the fixing member and faces the rotating shaft in the radial direction; A lock mechanism that locks the rotating shaft and the outer ring, a lock releasing piece that is rotatably fitted on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft, and the lock releasing piece is restrained to be non-rotatable when energized. With an electromagnetically actuated electromagnetic brake that is free to rotate,
The fixing member includes means for restricting rotation of the outer ring in both directions to a predetermined rotatable angle;
The lock mechanism has a plurality of cam surfaces on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring, and a wedge-shaped space that gradually narrows on both sides in the circumferential direction is formed between the outer peripheral cylindrical surface of the rotating shaft and each cam surface of the outer ring. In each wedge-shaped space, a pair of rollers and an elastic member that is sandwiched between the pair of rollers and pushes each roller into the narrow portion of the wedge-shaped space are incorporated.
The unlocking piece has a column part inserted at a position facing the elastic member across the rollers, and the clearance angle between the column part and the roller is smaller than the rotatable angle of the outer ring. Built-in,
When torque is applied to the rotating shaft while the electromagnetic brake is energized, of the pair of rollers in each wedge-shaped space, the roller on the front side in the rotational direction comes into contact with the column portion of the unlocking piece and stops. Then, by relatively moving to the wide part of the wedge-shaped space, after the locked state of the rotating shaft and the outer ring by the locking mechanism is released, only the rotating shaft rotates,
When torque is applied to the rotating shaft while the electromagnetic brake is not energized, the roller on the front side in the rotation direction pushes the column portion of the unlocking piece to rotate the unlocking piece, and locks with the rotating shaft. A brake unit configured to stop the rotation shaft when an outer ring is restricted from rotating by the fixing member.

The electromagnetic brake is connected to the unlocking piece in a relatively non-rotatable manner and extends outward in the radial direction of the unlocking piece, and faces one side of the brake plate so as to be axially movable and non-rotatable. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: an armature formed, a separation spring that pulls the armature away from the brake plate, and an electromagnet that presses the armature against the brake plate against the elasticity of the separation spring when energized. The brake unit described.

The brake unit according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a return spring for an outer ring that urges the outer ring to rotate in a direction to return the outer ring to a posture when assembled.

The brake unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a release spring for releasing the piece that rotationally biases the lock release piece in a direction to return to the posture when the lock release piece is assembled.