JP2018143012A - Rotor of ipm motor reducing deformation of bridge part - Google Patents
Rotor of ipm motor reducing deformation of bridge part Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018143012A JP2018143012A JP2017034242A JP2017034242A JP2018143012A JP 2018143012 A JP2018143012 A JP 2018143012A JP 2017034242 A JP2017034242 A JP 2017034242A JP 2017034242 A JP2017034242 A JP 2017034242A JP 2018143012 A JP2018143012 A JP 2018143012A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000565 Non-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Landscapes
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は主に電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車或いは工作機械などに使用される永久磁石埋め込み型モータの回転子に関する。 The present invention relates to a rotor of a permanent magnet embedded motor mainly used in an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, a machine tool, or the like.
一般に永久磁石埋め込み型モータ（以下「ＩＰＭモータ」と記す。）は、誘導電動機モータと比べ、高価な永久磁石を使用するため、コストは高くなるものの、高効率であり、ハイブリッド自動車や電気自動車の駆動用モータや発電用モータ、さらには各種工作機械用のモータとして広く使用されてきている。
ＩＰＭモータの鉄心は固定子と回転子に分けられるが、固定子側には巻線を通じて、交流磁界が直接付与されるため、高効率化のためには、鉄心には高透磁率であることと同時に、体積抵抗率を高めて、鉄損を低減する必要があった。そのため、固定子用の鉄心には、極低炭素鋼にＳｉを添加して軟磁気特性を改善した電磁鋼板が用いられている。
In general, an embedded permanent magnet motor (hereinafter referred to as an “IPM motor”) uses an expensive permanent magnet as compared with an induction motor, and thus is high in cost but is highly efficient. It has been widely used as a drive motor, a power generation motor, and a motor for various machine tools.
The core of an IPM motor is divided into a stator and a rotor. Since an AC magnetic field is directly applied to the stator through a winding, the core must have high permeability for high efficiency. At the same time, it was necessary to increase the volume resistivity and reduce the iron loss. Therefore, an electromagnetic steel sheet in which soft magnetic properties are improved by adding Si to an extremely low carbon steel is used for the iron core for the stator.
一方、回転子側には、永久磁石が埋め込まれており、鉄心は主にヨークとして磁束密度を高める役割を担っている。固定子側から発生する僅かな交流磁界の影響は受けるもののその影響は限定的であり、磁束密度は高くする必要があるが、鉄損についてはモータの性能には大きな影響を及ぼさない。したがって、鉄心材として鉄損特性に有利な電磁鋼板を使用する必要はなかった。しかし、固定子のみに電磁鋼板を使用すると、電磁鋼板の製品歩留りが低下してモータの製造コストが高くなることもあって、通常は固定子側と全く同じ電磁鋼板を素材として用いていた。 On the other hand, permanent magnets are embedded on the rotor side, and the iron core plays a role of increasing the magnetic flux density mainly as a yoke. Although the influence of a slight alternating magnetic field generated from the stator side is affected, the influence is limited, and the magnetic flux density needs to be increased, but the iron loss does not greatly affect the performance of the motor. Therefore, it was not necessary to use a magnetic steel sheet advantageous in iron loss characteristics as the iron core material. However, if the electromagnetic steel sheet is used only for the stator, the product yield of the electromagnetic steel sheet is reduced and the manufacturing cost of the motor is increased. Therefore, the same electromagnetic steel sheet as that of the stator side is usually used as the material.
ＩＰＭモータが自動車に搭載される場合、自動車の小型軽量化のニーズからＩＰＭモータそのものも小型化が求められている。その場合、小型化しても従来と同様またはそれ以上のモータ出力（トルク）が得られるように、モータの効率を上げる必要がある。モータの効率を上げるためには、永久磁石の磁束をできるだけ多く固定子に導く方が良い。そのためには、漏れ磁束をできる限り少なくすることが必要で、これを実現するには永久磁石に近接するブリッジ部を狭幅化することが有効である。しかし、ブリッジ部を狭幅化すると、回転子には永久磁石を埋め込んでいるため、回転速度が速くなり過ぎると、永久磁石に働く遠心力によって回転子のブリッジ部近傍が変形し、固定子と接触、最終的にはモータの破損に至るおそれがある。 When an IPM motor is mounted on an automobile, the IPM motor itself is required to be miniaturized because of the need for miniaturization and weight reduction of the automobile. In that case, it is necessary to increase the motor efficiency so that a motor output (torque) similar to or higher than that of the conventional motor output (torque) can be obtained even if the size is reduced. In order to increase the efficiency of the motor, it is better to guide the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet to the stator as much as possible. For this purpose, it is necessary to reduce the leakage magnetic flux as much as possible. To realize this, it is effective to narrow the bridge portion adjacent to the permanent magnet. However, when the bridge portion is narrowed, permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor, so if the rotational speed becomes too fast, the vicinity of the bridge portion of the rotor is deformed by the centrifugal force acting on the permanent magnets, and the stator and Contact may eventually lead to motor damage.
回転速度の限界は、回転子の形状が同一の場合には、回転子用素材の降伏強度に依存するが、例えば３％程度のＳｉを含有する無方向性電磁鋼板（３５Ａ３００）の場合、磁性焼鈍後の降伏強度は約４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２ 程度であるため、ブリッジ部の幅は２ｍｍ程度にしているのが現状である。 The limit of the rotational speed depends on the yield strength of the rotor material when the rotor shape is the same. For example, in the case of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet (35A300) containing about 3% of Si, Since the yield strength after annealing is about 400 N / mm 2 , the width of the bridge portion is about 2 mm at present.
そのため、特許文献１や２では、回転子の素材として軟質かつ焼入れ性を有する材料を用い、永久磁石の挿入孔が近接したブリッジ部やその近傍部分のみに部分焼入れを施すことによって強度を上昇させる技術が提案されている。 Therefore, in Patent Documents 1 and 2, a soft and hardenable material is used as a rotor material, and the strength is increased by performing partial quenching only on the bridge portion where the permanent magnet insertion hole is close or in the vicinity thereof. Technology has been proposed.
特許文献１や２のようにブリッジ部分やその近傍について、部分焼入れを行うことにより材料強度を高める場合には、部分焼入れで生じる変形を矯正することが必要になってくるが、回転子は薄板の部品を何層も重ねており、矯正工程での時間が非常に長くなって回転子のコストが高くなるという問題が発生する。 When the material strength is increased by performing partial quenching on the bridge portion and its vicinity as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, it is necessary to correct the deformation caused by partial quenching, but the rotor is a thin plate. The above-mentioned parts are stacked in many layers, which causes a problem that the time for the correction process becomes very long and the cost of the rotor increases.
また、ブリッジ部は、回転子用素材に永久磁石挿入口を設けるために打抜き加工によって形成されるが、ブリッジ部を狭幅化すると打抜き加工での材料拘束力が低くなるため、ねじれ変形が発生しやすくなる。このようなねじれ変形が発生すると、打抜き加工後にブリッジ部のねじれ変形を平坦にする矯正工程が必要であり、回転子の製造コストが高くなるという問題がある。
本発明の課題は、ＩＰＭモータの回転子において、永久磁石挿入口を打抜き加工した際にブリッジ部のねじれ変形が小さい状態で狭幅化し、かつ回転させた際にブリッジ部の変形を抑制できることで、高価なレアメタルを含有する永久磁石を小型化し、ＩＰＭモータ自体の製造コストを低減することにある。
In addition, the bridge part is formed by punching to provide a permanent magnet insertion opening in the rotor material. However, if the bridge part is narrowed, the material restraint force in the punching process becomes low, so that twist deformation occurs. It becomes easy to do. When such a twist deformation occurs, a correction process for flattening the torsion deformation of the bridge portion after the punching process is required, and there is a problem that the manufacturing cost of the rotor increases.
The problem of the present invention is that, in the rotor of an IPM motor, when the permanent magnet insertion slot is punched, the width of the bridge portion is reduced in a small state and the deformation of the bridge portion can be suppressed when rotated. The purpose is to reduce the size of a permanent magnet containing an expensive rare metal and reduce the manufacturing cost of the IPM motor itself.
本発明者らは、降伏強度７５０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上、引張強さ９８０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の高強度鋼板であり、かつ磁界の強さが８０００Ａ／ｍの時の磁束密度Ｂ８０００の値が１．６５Ｔ以上の鋼板を回転子の素材として用いることにより、永久磁石挿入口の打抜き加工の際にブリッジ部を小ねじれ変形量で狭幅化でき、回転時のブリッジ部変形の抑制が可能であることを案出した。 The present inventors have found that the yield strength 750 N / mm 2 or more, a tensile strength of 980 N / mm 2 or more high-strength steel sheet, and the strength of the magnetic field is the value of the magnetic flux density B8000 of time of 8000 A / m 1.65 T By using the above steel plate as the material of the rotor, the bridge portion can be narrowed with a small amount of twist deformation at the time of punching the permanent magnet insertion slot, and it is possible to suppress the bridge portion deformation during rotation. Devised.
回転子素材を高強度鋼板とすることで、永久磁石挿入口を打抜き加工する際のブリッジ部のねじれ変形量が小さいことから、矯正などの追加工程を加える必要がなくなる。また、ブリッジ部を狭幅化することで漏れ磁束も少なくすることができるため、ＩＰＭモータの回転子での永久磁石の有効利用率を高めることができ、これによって永久磁石の小型化が可能となる。 By making the rotor material a high-strength steel plate, the amount of twist deformation of the bridge portion when the permanent magnet insertion slot is punched is small, so that it is not necessary to add an additional process such as correction. In addition, since the magnetic flux leakage can be reduced by narrowing the bridge portion, the effective utilization rate of the permanent magnet in the rotor of the IPM motor can be increased, thereby enabling the permanent magnet to be reduced in size. Become.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図１に、ＩＰＭモータの回転子の形状の一例を部分的に示す。この図は、回転子全体のうち４分の１にあたる部分だけを示している。回転子１は、同じ形状に加工した回転子部品を複数枚積層して構成されている。この形状は、永久磁石２が永久磁石挿入口７に１６個埋設される８極の回転子１であり、ブリッジ部３は回転子１の半径方向のエッジの幅５であり、ブリッジ部４は永久磁石挿入口７間の幅６になる。ブリッジ部３や４の幅５や６は、回転子１が回転することによって永久磁石２による遠心力がブリッジ部３や４に集中することになる。
永久磁石挿入口７は、図２に示すように打抜き加工によって設けられる。打抜き加工は、素材８をダイ９と板押さえ１０とで固定し、パンチ１１を加圧することで行われるが、ブリッジ部３や４の幅５や６が狭いと材料固定領域も狭くなるために、図３に示すようにブリッジ部３や４がねじれやすくなる。図３は、打抜き加工後のブリッジ部４の表面形状を示しており、ねじれ変形が大きい場合にはねじれ角度１２も大きくなる。回転子１を構成する回転子部品に変形が生じていた場合には、積層箇所に隙間が発生して回転子の寸法が設計通りに製造できないことになる。したがって、このねじれ角度１２が大きい場合でも、打抜き加工した回転子１を積層した際に回転子部品間で隙間が発生して規定高さの回転子１を製造することができなくなる。そのため、ブリッジ部３や４の幅５や６を狭くして磁束漏れを小さくできるが、回転子１としての設計基準を満足することはできない。したがって、ねじれ角度１２を小さくすることは、回転子の品質において重要な因子である。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
FIG. 1 partially shows an example of the shape of the rotor of the IPM motor. This figure shows only a portion corresponding to a quarter of the entire rotor. The rotor 1 is configured by laminating a plurality of rotor parts processed into the same shape. This shape is an 8-pole rotor 1 in which 16 permanent magnets 2 are embedded in the permanent magnet insertion slot 7, the bridge portion 3 has a width 5 of the radial edge of the rotor 1, and the bridge portion 4 The width between the permanent magnet insertion ports 7 is 6. As for the widths 5 and 6 of the bridge portions 3 and 4, the centrifugal force by the permanent magnet 2 is concentrated on the bridge portions 3 and 4 as the rotor 1 rotates.
The permanent magnet insertion opening 7 is provided by punching as shown in FIG. The punching process is performed by fixing the material 8 with the die 9 and the plate holder 10 and pressurizing the punch 11. However, if the widths 5 and 6 of the bridge portions 3 and 4 are narrow, the material fixing region is also narrowed. As shown in FIG. 3, the bridge portions 3 and 4 are easily twisted. FIG. 3 shows the surface shape of the bridge portion 4 after punching. When the torsional deformation is large, the torsion angle 12 is also increased. If the rotor component constituting the rotor 1 is deformed, a gap is generated at the stacking location, and the rotor dimensions cannot be manufactured as designed. Therefore, even when the twist angle 12 is large, when the stamped rotor 1 is stacked, a gap is generated between the rotor parts, and the rotor 1 having a specified height cannot be manufactured. Therefore, although the widths 5 and 6 of the bridge portions 3 and 4 can be narrowed to reduce magnetic flux leakage, the design standard as the rotor 1 cannot be satisfied. Therefore, reducing the twist angle 12 is an important factor in the quality of the rotor.
本発明の降伏強度７５０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上、引張強さ９８０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の高強度鋼板を用いた場合のブリッジ部３や４のねじれ角度１２は、実施例にて具体的に言及するが、従来の電磁鋼板と比べて降伏強度が高いためにブリッジ部３や４の幅５や６を狭くしても変形しにくくなり、これによって回転子としての品質や設計の基準を満たす製品とすることができる。 Yield strength 750 N / mm 2 or more of the present invention, the bridge portion 3 and the twist angle 12 of the 4 in the case of using a tensile strength of 980 N / mm 2 or more high-strength steel sheet will be specifically mentioned in the examples, Because the yield strength is higher than that of conventional electromagnetic steel sheets, it is difficult to deform even if the widths 5 and 6 of the bridge portions 3 and 4 are narrowed, so that the product satisfies the quality and design standards as a rotor. Can do.
図１に示した永久磁石２が永久磁石挿入口７に１６個埋設される８極の回転子１に対して、エッジ側のブリッジ部３の幅５と永久磁石挿入口７間のブリッジ部４の幅６を、０．２５ｍｍ、０．５ｍｍ、１．０ｍｍと変化させて、図２に示した打抜き加工を実施して回転子部品を製造した。ブリッジ部４を打抜き加工する場合は、変形がより大きくなりやすくなる永久磁石挿入口７を１口ずつ打抜く形式で行った。打抜き加工する材料は、何れも板厚が０．５ｍｍであり、降伏強度が１２００Ｎ／ｍｍ２の高強度鋼板と、比較として降伏強度が４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２の電磁鋼板について行った。
打抜き加工した後のブリッジ部３と４のねじれ角度１２は、ブリッジ部３と４でほぼ同じレベルであったので、結果は図４に示すようにブリッジ部３について説明する。図４に示したように、ねじれ角度１２はブリッジ部３の幅５が狭くなると大きくなるが、そのレベルは高強度鋼鈑の方が小さく、電磁鋼板の約半分までに抑えることが可能となった。つまり、回転子１に高強度鋼板を用いれば、積層した際の隙間を小さくでき、寸法精度の良好な回転子に仕上げることができる。
A bridge portion 4 between the width 5 of the bridge portion 3 on the edge side and the permanent magnet insertion port 7 with respect to the 8-pole rotor 1 in which 16 permanent magnets 2 shown in FIG. 1 are embedded in the permanent magnet insertion port 7. The width 6 was changed to 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm, and the punching process shown in FIG. 2 was performed to manufacture a rotor part. In the case of punching the bridge portion 4, the permanent magnet insertion ports 7 that are likely to be deformed more easily are punched one by one. Material punching are both a plate thickness of 0.5 mm, the yield strength and high-strength steel sheet of 1200 N / mm 2, yield strength as comparison is performed on the electromagnetic steel sheet 400 N / mm 2.
Since the torsional angle 12 of the bridge portions 3 and 4 after the punching process is almost the same level in the bridge portions 3 and 4, the result will be described for the bridge portion 3 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the twist angle 12 increases as the width 5 of the bridge portion 3 becomes narrower, but the level is smaller in the high-strength steel plate and can be suppressed to about half of the electrical steel sheet. It was. That is, if a high-strength steel plate is used for the rotor 1, the gap at the time of lamination can be reduced, and the rotor can be finished with good dimensional accuracy.
本発明にかかる回転子は、ＩＰＭモータ用の回転子として使用するのに好適である。 The rotor according to the present invention is suitable for use as a rotor for an IPM motor.
１ 回転子
２ 永久磁石
３、４ ブリッジ部
５、６ ブリッジ部の幅
７ 永久磁石挿入口
８ 素材
９ ダイ
１０ 板押さえ
１１ パンチ
１２ ねじれ角度
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor 2 Permanent magnet 3, 4 Bridge part 5, 6 Bridge part width 7 Permanent magnet insertion slot 8 Material 9 Die 10 Plate presser 11 Punch 12 Twist angle
Claims (2)
この素材を打抜き加工して永久磁石の挿入口を形成したことを特徴とする、
永久磁石埋め込み型モータの回転子。 Yield strength 750N / mm 2 or more, the tensile strength of 980N / mm 2 or more high-strength steel sheet as a material,
This material is punched to form a permanent magnet insertion port,
Rotor of permanent magnet embedded motor.
請求項１に記載の永久磁石埋め込み型モータの回転子。
The high-strength steel sheet has a magnetic flux density B8000 value of 1.65 T or more at a magnetic field strength of 8000 A / m,
The rotor of the permanent magnet embedded motor according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017034242A JP2018143012A (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2017-02-27 | Rotor of ipm motor reducing deformation of bridge part |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017034242A JP2018143012A (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2017-02-27 | Rotor of ipm motor reducing deformation of bridge part |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2018143012A true JP2018143012A (en) | 2018-09-13 |
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