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JP2018030212A - Surface-coated cutting tool excellent in chipping resistance and abrasion resistance - Google Patents

Surface-coated cutting tool excellent in chipping resistance and abrasion resistance Download PDF

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JP2018030212A
JP2018030212A JP2016165181A JP2016165181A JP2018030212A JP 2018030212 A JP2018030212 A JP 2018030212A JP 2016165181 A JP2016165181 A JP 2016165181A JP 2016165181 A JP2016165181 A JP 2016165181A JP 2018030212 A JP2018030212 A JP 2018030212A
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田中 耕一
Koichi Tanaka
耕一 田中
峻 佐藤
Shun Sato
峻 佐藤
強 大上
Tsutomu Ogami
強 大上
一宮 夏樹
Natsuki Ichinomiya
夏樹 一宮
達生 橋本
Tatsuo Hashimoto
達生 橋本
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Abstract

【課題】耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具を提供する。【解決手段】表面被覆切削工具において、硬質被覆層は、NaCl型の立方晶構造を有し、 組成式:(Al1−a−b−c−dCraSibNicZrd)Nで表した場合、0.10≦a≦0.30、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.001≦c≦0.02、0.001≦d≦0.02(a、b、c、dは原子比)を満足する平均組成を有する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を含み、該層は、層厚方向に沿ってCr成分濃度が周期的に変化する組成変調構造を有し、組成変調構造におけるCr成分濃度の周期的な変化は、Cr成分の最高含有点とCr成分の最低含有点が1nm〜100nmの間隔で繰り返され、Cr成分の最高含有点におけるCr成分の濃度Crmaxは、a<Crmax≦1.3aの範囲内であり、Cr成分の最低含有点におけるCr成分の濃度Crminは、0.5a≦Crmin<aの範囲内である表面被覆切削工具。【選択図】図2A surface-coated cutting tool having excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance is provided. In a surface-coated cutting tool, a hard coating layer has a NaCl-type cubic crystal structure, and is expressed as 0.10 ≦ a when expressed by a composition formula: (Al1-a-bc-dCraSibNicZrd) N. ≦ 0.30, 0.05 ≦ b ≦ 0.20, 0.001 ≦ c ≦ 0.02, 0.001 ≦ d ≦ 0.02 (a, b, c, d are atomic ratios) (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having a composition, the layer has a composition modulation structure in which the Cr component concentration periodically changes along the layer thickness direction, and Cr in the composition modulation structure The periodic change in the component concentration is repeated at intervals of 1 nm to 100 nm between the highest content point of the Cr component and the lowest content point of the Cr component, and the concentration Crmax of the Cr component at the highest content point of the Cr component is a <Crmax ≦ Within the range of 1.3a, the lowest Cr component The surface-coated cutting tool in which the Cr component concentration Crmin at the containing point is in the range of 0.5a ≦ Crmin <a. [Selection] Figure 2

Description

本発明は、切れ刃に断続的・衝撃的高負荷が作用する焼入鋼等の高硬度材の断続切削加工において、硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を示し、長期の使用にわたってすぐれた切削性能を発揮する表面被覆切削工具(以下、被覆工具という)に関するものである。   The present invention shows excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance with a hard coating layer in the intermittent cutting of hardened materials such as hardened steel in which intermittent and impact high loads act on the cutting edge. The present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated tool) that exhibits excellent cutting performance.

一般に、被覆工具として、各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの被削材の旋削加工や平削り加工にバイトの先端部に着脱自在に取り付けて用いられるスローアウエイチップ、前記被削材の穴あけ切削加工などに用いられるドリルやミニチュアドリル、前記被削材の面削加工や溝加工、肩加工などに用いられるエンドミル、前記被削材の歯形の歯切加工などに用いられるソリッドホブ、ピニオンカッタなどが知られている。
そして、被覆工具の切削性能改善を目的として、従来から、数多くの提案がなされている。
In general, as a coated tool, for throwing inserts that can be used detachably attached to the tip of a cutting tool for turning and planing of various materials such as steel and cast iron, and for drilling and cutting the work material Known drills and miniature drills, end mills used for chamfering and grooving, shoulder processing, etc. of the work material, solid hob, pinion cutter used for gear cutting of the tooth profile of the work material, etc. Yes.
Many proposals have been made for the purpose of improving the cutting performance of the coated tool.

例えば、特許文献1に示すように、炭化タングステン(以下、WCで示す)基超硬合金、炭窒化チタン(以下、TiCNで示す)基サーメット等の工具基体の表面に、Cr、Al及びSiを主成分とする金属成分と、C、N、O、Bから選択される少なくとも1種以上の元素とから構成される立方晶構造の硬質層を1層以上被覆することにより、耐欠損性、耐摩耗性を改善した被覆工具が提案されている。   For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, Cr, Al, and Si are formed on the surface of a tool base such as tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) -based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) -based cermet. By covering one or more hard layers having a cubic structure composed of a metal component as a main component and at least one element selected from C, N, O, and B, chipping resistance, Coated tools with improved wear have been proposed.

また、特許文献2には、Cr1−x−y−zAl[Ni1−aZrで表される組成(但し、Mは、Ti、Nb、Si、B、W及びVから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、0.5≦x≦0.8、0.01≦y≦0.35、0≦z≦0.2、0.51≦x+y+z<1、0.2≦a≦0.5)を有し、相対密度が95%以上であるターゲットを用いて形成された窒化物、炭化物又は炭窒化物を含む耐摩耗性及び密着性に優れた硬質被膜を備えた被覆工具が記載されている。 Patent Document 2 discloses a composition represented by Cr 1-xyz Al x [Ni 1-a Zr a ] y M z (where M is Ti, Nb, Si, B, W and At least one element selected from V, 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 0.8, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.35, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.2, 0.51 ≦ x + y + z <1, 0.2 ≦ a coating having a hard coating excellent in wear resistance and adhesion, including nitride, carbide or carbonitride formed using a target having a ≦ 0.5) and a relative density of 95% or more The tool is listed.

さらに、特許文献3には、工具基体表面に、CrとAlの複合窒化物からなる硬質被覆層を物理蒸着してなる被覆工具において、硬質被覆層を、層厚方向にそって、Al最高含有点とAl最低含有点とが所定間隔をおいて交互に繰り返し存在し、かつ前記両点間でAl含有量が連続的に変化する成分濃度分布構造を有し、さらに、上記Al最高含有点が、組成式:(Cr1−XAl)N(ただし、原子比で、Xは0.40〜0.60を示す)を満足し、また、上記Al最低含有点が、組成式:(Cr1−YAl)N(ただし、原子比で、Yは0.05〜0.30を示す)を満足し、かつ、隣り合う上記Al最高含有点とAl最低含有点の間隔が、0.01〜0.1μmである硬質被覆層とすることにより、重切削加工条件で硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮すると記載されている。 Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, in a coated tool formed by physically vapor-depositing a hard coating layer made of a composite nitride of Cr and Al on the surface of a tool base, the hard coating layer contains the highest Al along the layer thickness direction. Points and Al minimum content points are alternately present repeatedly at a predetermined interval, and the Al content is continuously varied between the two points, and the Al maximum content point is , Composition formula: (Cr 1-X Al X ) N (wherein X is 0.40 to 0.60 in atomic ratio), and the above-mentioned Al minimum content point is the composition formula: (Cr 1-Y Al Y ) N (wherein Y represents 0.05 to 0.30 in atomic ratio), and the distance between the adjacent Al highest content point and Al minimum content point adjacent to each other is 0. Hard coating under heavy cutting conditions by using a hard coating layer of 01-0.1 μm It is described that the layer exhibits excellent chipping resistance.

特許第3781374号公報Japanese Patent No. 3781374 特開2013−32578号公報JP 2013-32578 A 特開2004−50381号公報JP 2004-50381A

近年の切削加工における省力化および省エネ化の要求は強く、これに伴い、被覆工具は一段と過酷な条件下で使用されるようになってきており、耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性等を高めるために、前記特許文献1〜3に示されるような手法で、被覆工具の性能向上がなされてきているが、特に、切れ刃に断続的・衝撃的な高負荷が作用する高硬度材の切削加工においては、耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性の双方の特性を相兼ね備えた被覆工具の開発は未だ十分になされているとはいえない。
例えば、特許文献1に示される従来被覆工具においては、硬質被覆層を構成する(Al,Cr,Si)N層のAl成分は高温硬さ、同Cr成分は高温靭性、高温強度を向上させると共に、AlおよびCrが共存含有した状態で高温耐酸化性を向上させ、さらに同Si成分は耐熱塑性変形性を向上させる作用があるが、高熱発生を伴い、しかも、切刃に対して衝撃的・断続的な高負荷がかかる切削条件においては、チッピング、欠損等の発生を避けることはできず、例えば、Cr含有割合を増加することにより高温靭性、高温強度の改善を図ろうとしても、相対的なAl含有割合の減少によって、耐摩耗性が低下してしまうため、(Al,Cr,Si)N層からなる硬質被覆層における耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性の両立を図るには自から限界がある。
また、特許文献2に示される従来被覆工具においては、硬質被覆層成分としてNi、Zr、Si等を含有させることによって耐摩耗性を向上させているが、耐摩耗性が向上する反面、靭性が十分でないため、チッピングの発生を抑制することができず、工具寿命は短命である。
さらに、特許文献3に示される従来被覆工具においては、硬質被覆層中に繰り返し成分濃度が変化する組成変調構造を形成し、高温硬さと耐熱性はAl最高含有点(Cr最低含有点に相当)で担保し、一方、硬質被覆層の強度は、Al最高含有点(Cr最低含有点に相当)に隣接するAl最低含有点(Cr最低含有点に相当)で確保することにより、耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を確保しているが、通常の鋼や合金鋼、鋳鉄の切削加工ではある程度の効果は得られるものの、高硬度材(例えば、HRC60以上)の切削加工においては、切れ刃に作用する衝撃的・断続的な高負荷により、耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性が十分であるとはいえない。
In recent years, there has been a strong demand for energy saving and energy saving in cutting, and along with this, coated tools have come to be used under more severe conditions, in order to improve chipping resistance, wear resistance, etc. The performance of the coated tool has been improved by the methods shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3, particularly in the cutting of a high hardness material in which intermittent and impact high loads act on the cutting edge. However, it cannot be said that the development of a coated tool having both characteristics of chipping resistance and wear resistance has been sufficiently developed.
For example, in the conventional coated tool disclosed in Patent Document 1, the Al component of the (Al, Cr, Si) N layer constituting the hard coating layer improves high-temperature hardness, and the Cr component improves high-temperature toughness and high-temperature strength. In the coexistence of Al and Cr, the high-temperature oxidation resistance is improved, and further, the Si component has the effect of improving the heat-resistant plastic deformation property. Under cutting conditions that require intermittent high loads, chipping, chipping, etc. cannot be avoided. For example, by increasing the Cr content ratio, even if trying to improve high temperature toughness and high temperature strength, relative Since the wear resistance deteriorates due to a significant decrease in the Al content ratio, there is a limit to achieving both chipping resistance and wear resistance in a hard coating layer made of an (Al, Cr, Si) N layer. That.
Moreover, in the conventional coated tool shown by patent document 2, although wear resistance is improved by containing Ni, Zr, Si, etc. as a hard coating layer component, although abrasion resistance improves, toughness is improved. Since it is not sufficient, the occurrence of chipping cannot be suppressed, and the tool life is short.
Furthermore, in the conventional coated tool shown in Patent Document 3, a composition modulation structure in which the component concentration is repeatedly changed is formed in the hard coating layer, and the high temperature hardness and heat resistance are the highest Al content point (corresponding to the lowest Cr content point). On the other hand, by ensuring the strength of the hard coating layer at the Al minimum content point (corresponding to the Cr minimum content point) adjacent to the Al maximum content point (corresponding to the Cr minimum content point), Abrasion resistance is ensured, but some effects can be obtained by cutting ordinary steel, alloy steel, and cast iron, but it works on the cutting edge in cutting hard materials (for example, HRC 60 or higher). It cannot be said that chipping resistance and wear resistance are sufficient due to shocking and intermittent high loads.

そこで、本発明は、切れ刃に断続的・衝撃的な高負荷が作用する焼入鋼等の高硬度材の断続切削加工(例えば、ミーリング加工)に供した場合であっても、すぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を発揮する被覆工具を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention provides excellent resistance even when subjected to intermittent cutting (for example, milling) of a hard material such as hardened steel in which intermittent and shocking high loads act on the cutting edge. An object of the present invention is to provide a coated tool that exhibits chipping and wear resistance.

本発明者らは、前述のような観点から、切れ刃に断続的・衝撃的な高負荷が作用する高硬度材の断続切削加工において、耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を両立し得る硬質被覆層の層構造について鋭意研究を行った結果、以下の知見を得たのである。   From the above-mentioned viewpoint, the present inventors have provided a hard coating layer capable of achieving both chipping resistance and wear resistance in intermittent cutting of a high-hardness material in which intermittent and impactful high loads act on the cutting edge. As a result of earnest research on the layer structure, the following findings were obtained.

即ち、本発明者は、AlとCrとSiとNiとZrの複合窒化物(以下、「(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N」で示す場合がある)層を被覆形成した被覆工具において、硬質被覆層のCr成分濃度が層の層厚方向に沿って周期的に変化する組成変調構造(連続的な組成変調構造と不連続的な(ステップ状の)組成変調構造)をもった層として構成することによって、硬質被覆層は、靭性と耐摩耗性の両特性を相兼ね備えるようになることを見出した。
そして、前記硬質被覆層を備えた被覆工具は、高熱発生を伴い、しかも、切刃に対して衝撃的・断続的な高負荷が作用する切削加工条件(例えば、焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の高速ミーリング加工条件)に供した場合であっても、すぐれた耐チッピング性とともに、長期の使用にわたって、すぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮することを見出したのである。
That is, the present inventor has disclosed a coated tool in which a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, Ni, and Zr (hereinafter, may be referred to as “(Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N”) is formed. The composition of the hard coating layer has a composition modulation structure (a continuous composition modulation structure and a discontinuous (step-like) composition modulation structure) in which the Cr component concentration changes periodically along the layer thickness direction of the layer. It has been found that by configuring as a layer, the hard coating layer comes to have both characteristics of toughness and wear resistance.
And the coated tool provided with the said hard coating layer is accompanied by high heat generation, and also the cutting process conditions (for example, hardened material, such as hardened steel, etc.) on which impact and intermittent high load act on a cutting blade. It has been found that even when subjected to high-speed milling conditions), it exhibits excellent chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance over a long period of use.

前記(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層は、工具基体表面に、PVD法により成膜することができる。
例えば、図3にその概略を示すアークイオンプレーティング(以下、「AIP」で示す)装置を用いて、前記の各層を成膜することができるが、特に、AlとCrとSiとNiとZrの複合窒化物層の成膜に際し、Cr成分濃度が層厚方向に沿って周期的に変化する組成変調構造を形成するためには、工具基体をAIP装置に装入し、回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体とCr最高含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にアーク放電を発生させて成膜すると同時に、回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体とCr最低含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にもアーク放電を発生させて成膜することによって、連続的な組成変調構造を有する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni、Zr)N層を形成することができる。
一方、工具基体とCr最高含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にアーク放電を発生させて成膜したのちアーク放電を停止し、次いで、工具基体とCr最低含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にアーク放電を発生させて成膜したのちアーク放電を停止するという操作を交互に行うことにより、不連続的な(ステップ状の)組成変調構造を有する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を形成することができる。
The (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer can be formed on the surface of the tool base by the PVD method.
For example, each of the above-described layers can be formed using an arc ion plating (hereinafter referred to as “AIP”) apparatus schematically shown in FIG. 3, and in particular, Al, Cr, Si, Ni, and Zr. When forming a composite nitride layer, in order to form a composition modulation structure in which the Cr component concentration periodically changes along the layer thickness direction, the tool base is loaded into an AIP apparatus and rotated on a rotary table. While forming a film by generating an arc discharge between the rotating tool base and the target for forming the highest Cr content point, the tool base rotating while rotating on the rotary table and the target for forming the lowest Cr content point An (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having a continuous composition modulation structure can be formed by forming a film by generating arc discharge in between.
On the other hand, an arc discharge is generated between the tool base and the target for forming the highest Cr content point, the arc discharge is stopped, and then the arc discharge is performed between the tool base and the target for forming the lowest Cr content point. (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having a discontinuous (step-like) composition modulation structure by alternately performing an operation of stopping arc discharge after film formation by generating Can be formed.

その結果、前記の硬質被覆層を被覆形成した本発明の被覆工具は、切れ刃に断続的・衝撃的な高負荷が作用する高硬度材の断続切削加工において、すぐれた耐溶着性、耐チッピング性および耐摩耗性を示し、長期の使用にわたってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するのである。 As a result, the coated tool of the present invention formed by coating the hard coating layer described above has excellent welding resistance and chipping resistance in intermittent cutting of a high-hardness material in which intermittent and impact high loads act on the cutting edge. It exhibits excellent cutting performance over long-term use.

本発明は、前記知見に基づいてなされたものであって、
「(1) 炭化タングステン基超硬合金、TiCN基サーメットあるいは立方晶窒化硼素焼結体のいずれかからなる工具基体の表面に、硬質被覆層が設けられた表面被覆切削工具において、
(a)前記硬質被覆層は、平均層厚0.5〜8.0μmのNaCl型の立方晶構造のAlとCrとSiとNiとZrの複合窒化物層を少なくとも含み、
(b)前記複合窒化物層は、
組成式:(Al1−a−b−c−dCrSiNiZr)Nで表した場合、
0.10≦a≦0.30、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.001≦c≦0.02、0.001≦d≦0.02(ただし、a、b、c、dはいずれも原子比)を満足する平均組成を有し、
(c)前記複合窒化物層は、層厚方向に沿ってCr成分濃度が周期的に変化する組成変調構造を有し、
(d)前記組成変調構造におけるCr成分濃度の周期的な変化は、Cr成分の最高含有点とCr成分の最低含有点が1nm〜100nmの間隔で繰り返され、
(e)前記Cr成分の最高含有点におけるCr成分の濃度Crmaxは、
a<Crmax≦1.3aの範囲内であり、
一方、前記Cr成分の最低含有点におけるCr成分の濃度Crminは、
0.50a≦Crmin<aの範囲内である(ただし、aは、前記(b)の組成式におけるCrの平均組成aを示す)ことを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
(2) 前記Cr成分濃度の変化は、層厚方向に沿った連続的な変化であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具。」
に特徴を有するものである。
The present invention has been made based on the above findings,
“(1) In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is provided on the surface of a tool base made of any of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, TiCN-based cermet, or cubic boron nitride sintered body,
(A) The hard coating layer includes at least a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, Ni, and Zr having an NaCl-type cubic structure with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 8.0 μm,
(B) The composite nitride layer is
Formula: when expressed in (Al 1-a-b- c-d Cr a Si b Ni c Zr d) N,
0.10 ≦ a ≦ 0.30, 0.05 ≦ b ≦ 0.20, 0.001 ≦ c ≦ 0.02, 0.001 ≦ d ≦ 0.02 (where a, b, c, d are Both have an average composition that satisfies the atomic ratio)
(C) The composite nitride layer has a composition modulation structure in which the Cr component concentration periodically changes along the layer thickness direction,
(D) The periodic change in the Cr component concentration in the composition modulation structure is repeated at intervals of 1 nm to 100 nm between the highest content point of the Cr component and the lowest content point of the Cr component,
(E) The concentration Crmax of the Cr component at the highest content point of the Cr component is:
a <Crmax ≦ 1.3a,
On the other hand, the concentration Crmin of the Cr component at the minimum content point of the Cr component is
A surface-coated cutting tool characterized by being in the range of 0.50a ≦ Crmin <a (where a represents the average composition a of Cr in the composition formula (b)).
(2) The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the change in the Cr component concentration is a continuous change along the layer thickness direction. "
It has the characteristics.

本発明について、以下に詳細を説明する。   The present invention will be described in detail below.

硬質被覆層:
本発明の硬質被覆層は、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を少なくとも含み、該硬質被覆層は、一つの態様として、図1の模式図に示すように、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層からなる単層構造として構成される。
また、別の態様としては、耐摩耗性や付着力を向上させる下部層と(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層からなる上部層との二層構造(図示せず)で構成されていてもよい。そして、前記単層構造であるか複数の層からなる積層構造であるかにかかわらず、前記(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層は、図2に示す層厚方向に沿ってCr成分濃度が周期的に変化する組成変調構造を有する。
Hard coating layer:
The hard coating layer of the present invention includes at least an (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer. As one embodiment, the hard coating layer includes (Al, Cr) as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. , Si, Ni, Zr) N layers composed of N layers.
Further, as another aspect, it is configured by a two-layer structure (not shown) of a lower layer for improving wear resistance and adhesion and an upper layer made of an (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer. It may be. The (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer is formed along the layer thickness direction shown in FIG. 2 regardless of whether it is a single layer structure or a laminated structure composed of a plurality of layers. It has a composition modulation structure in which the component concentration changes periodically.

(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の平均組成:
前記(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層におけるCrの平均組成を示すa値(原子比)がAlとSiとNiとZrの合量に占める割合で0.10未満では、最低限必要とされる高温靭性、高温強度を確保することができないため、チッピング、欠損等の原因となるクラックの発生を抑制することができず、一方、同a値が0.30を超えると、相対的なAl含有割合の減少により、摩耗進行が促進することから、a値を0.10〜0.30と定めた。
また、Siの平均組成を示すb値(原子比)がAlとCrとNiとZrの合量に占める割合で0.05未満では、耐酸化性の改善による耐摩耗性向上を期待することはできず、一方、同b値が0.20を超えると、耐摩耗性向上効果に低下傾向がみられるようになることから、b値を0.05〜0.20と定めた。
また、Niの平均組成を示すc値(原子比)がAlとCrとSiとZrの合量に占める割合で0.001未満では、切削負荷応力低減効果を期待することができず、一方、同c値が0.02を超えると、アークイオンプレーティング(以下、「AIP」で示す。)装置によって(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を成膜する際にパーティクルが発生しやすくなり、大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる切削加工において耐クラック性が低下することから、c値を0.001〜0.02と定めた。
さらに、Zrは、層中の成分として含有させた場合、硬度向上効果を有し、耐摩耗性を高めるが、Zrの平均組成を示すc値(原子比)がAlとCrとSiとZrの合量に占める割合で0.001未満では、切削負荷応力低減効果を期待することができず、一方、AlとCrとSiとNiの合量に占める割合で0.02を超えると耐クラック性を低下させることになるので、Zrの平均組成を示すd値(原子比)は0.001〜0.02とする。
なお、上記a、b、c、dについて、好ましい範囲は、それぞれ、0.15≦a≦0.25、0.05≦b≦0.15、0.005≦c≦0.015、0.002≦d≦0.02である。
なお、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を構成する成分の総量に対するN成分の含有割合は、化学量論比である0.50には限定されず、これと同等な効果が得られる範囲である0.45以上0.65以下の範囲であればよい。
Average composition of (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer:
If the a value (atomic ratio) indicating the average composition of Cr in the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer is less than 0.10 in terms of the total amount of Al, Si, Ni and Zr, Since the required high-temperature toughness and high-temperature strength cannot be ensured, the occurrence of cracks that cause chipping, chipping, etc. cannot be suppressed, while if the a value exceeds 0.30, The a value was determined to be 0.10 to 0.30 because the progress of wear was promoted by a decrease in the Al content.
Further, if the b value (atomic ratio) indicating the average composition of Si is less than 0.05 in the ratio of the total amount of Al, Cr, Ni, and Zr, it is expected to improve wear resistance by improving oxidation resistance. On the other hand, when the b value exceeds 0.20, the wear resistance improving effect tends to decrease, so the b value was set to 0.05 to 0.20.
Further, if the c value (atomic ratio) indicating the average composition of Ni is less than 0.001 in the proportion of the total amount of Al, Cr, Si, and Zr, the cutting load stress reduction effect cannot be expected, When the c value exceeds 0.02, particles are generated when an (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer is formed by an arc ion plating (hereinafter referred to as “AIP”) apparatus. The c value was determined to be 0.001 to 0.02 because the crack resistance deteriorates in the cutting process that is easy and requires a large impact and mechanical load.
Furthermore, when Zr is contained as a component in the layer, it has a hardness improving effect and enhances the wear resistance, but the c value (atomic ratio) indicating the average composition of Zr is Al, Cr, Si and Zr. If the proportion of the total amount is less than 0.001, the cutting load stress reduction effect cannot be expected. On the other hand, if the proportion of the total amount of Al, Cr, Si and Ni exceeds 0.02, crack resistance Therefore, the d value (atomic ratio) indicating the average composition of Zr is set to 0.001 to 0.02.
In addition, about said a, b, c, and d, the preferable range is 0.15 <= a <= 0.25, 0.05 <= b <= 0.15, 0.005 <= c <= 0.015, 0.00. 002 ≦ d ≦ 0.02.
Note that the content ratio of the N component to the total amount of the components constituting the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer is not limited to the stoichiometric ratio of 0.50, and an equivalent effect is obtained. What is necessary is just the range of 0.45 or more and 0.65 or less which is the range obtained.

(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の平均層厚:
前記(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層は、その平均層厚が0.5μm未満では、長期の使用にわたってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮することはできず、一方、その平均層厚が8.0μmを超えると、チッピング、欠損を発生しやすくなるので、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の平均層厚は、0.5〜8.0μmと定めた
Average layer thickness of (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer:
The (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer has an average layer thickness of less than 0.5 μm and cannot exhibit excellent wear resistance over a long period of use. When the thickness exceeds 8.0 μm, chipping and defects are likely to occur. Therefore, the average layer thickness of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer is determined to be 0.5 to 8.0 μm.

本発明の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の組成変調構造を、図2(a)〜(c)に示す。
図2(a)に示すように、本発明の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層は、組成変調構造を有するが、組成変調構造の形態として、層の構成成分であるCrの成分濃度変化が、層厚方向に沿って連続的に変化する場合(図2(b)参照)と、層の構成成分であるCrの成分濃度変化が、層厚方向に沿って不連続的(ステップ状,階段状)に変化する場合(図2(c)参照)があるが、本発明はいずれの形態であっても構わない。
連続的変化であるか、不連続的(ステップ状,階段状)変化であるかにかかわらず、いずれの場合も、Cr成分の濃度は、層厚方向に沿って、Cr最高含有点−Cr最低含有点−Cr最高含有点−Cr最低含有点・・・と、所定の間隔を保って周期的な濃度変化を示す。 ここでいう最高含有点、最低含有点について説明する。例としてCrについて説明するが、他の成分についても同様である。ここでいうCrの最高含有点とは、層厚方向に沿って測定した各測定点における各組成成分の濃度が、層全体の組成式(Al1−a−b−c−dCrSiNiZr)NにおけるCr成分の濃度割合aの値を連続して超えている部分における最大値を言い、aの値を連続して超えている部分が複数ある場合は、それぞれの部分における最大値をそれぞれの部分における最高含有点と定義する。同様に、ここでいう最低含有点とは、層厚方向に沿って測定した各測定点における各組成成分の濃度が、層全体の組成式(Al1−a−b−c−dCrSiNiZr)Nにおけるaの値以下となる連続した部分における最小値を言い、連続してaの値以下となる部分が複数ある場合は、それぞれの部分における最小値をそれぞれの部分における最小含有点と定義する。この定義によれば、aの値近傍での周期的な変化において、図1(a)に示すように、最高含有点と最低含有点が交互に出現する。
なお、本発明の組成変調構造は、成分濃度変化が顕著に観察され、しかも、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の特性に与える影響が大きいCrに着目したが、Cr以外の成分元素については、組成変化があってもなくても構わない。
2A to 2C show the composition modulation structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer of the present invention has a composition modulation structure, but as a form of the composition modulation structure, Cr is a constituent component of the layer. When the component concentration change continuously changes along the layer thickness direction (see FIG. 2B), the component concentration change of Cr, which is a constituent component of the layer, changes discontinuously along the layer thickness direction ( There are cases where the shape changes to a step shape or a step shape (see FIG. 2C), but the present invention may take any form.
Regardless of whether it is a continuous change or a discontinuous (step-like, step-like) change, the concentration of the Cr component in any case is the highest Cr content point minus the lowest Cr along the layer thickness direction. Concentration point-Cr highest content point-Cr lowest content point... Here, the maximum content point and the minimum content point will be described. Although Cr will be described as an example, the same applies to other components. The highest content point of Cr here means that the concentration of each composition component at each measurement point measured along the layer thickness direction is the composition formula of the entire layer (Al 1-a-b-cd Cr a Si b Ni c Zr d ) Indicates the maximum value in a portion that continuously exceeds the value of the concentration ratio a of the Cr component in N, and when there are a plurality of portions that continuously exceed the value of a, The maximum value is defined as the highest content point in each part. Similarly, the term “minimum content point” as used herein means that the concentration of each composition component at each measurement point measured along the layer thickness direction is the composition formula of the entire layer (Al 1-abbcd Cr a Si b Ni c Zr d ) N refers to the minimum value in a continuous portion that is less than or equal to the value of a. When there are a plurality of portions that are successively less than or equal to the value of a, the minimum value in each portion is It is defined as the minimum content point. According to this definition, in a periodic change in the vicinity of the value a, as shown in FIG. 1A, the highest content point and the lowest content point appear alternately.
In the composition modulation structure according to the present invention, attention is paid to Cr in which the change in the component concentration is remarkably observed and has a great influence on the characteristics of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer. The component elements may or may not change in composition.

Cr成分の組成変調におけるCr最高含有点におけるCr濃度:
Cr成分の周期的な組成変調において、Cr最高含有点の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層におけるCr成分は、層自体の強度を向上させ、耐クラック性を向上させる作用をもつが、Cr最高含有点におけるCrの含有割合を示すCrmaxが、1.30a(ただし、aの値は、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の組成式:(Al1−a−b−cCrSiNiZr)NにおけるCrの平均組成aを示す)より大きくなると、相対的に、Al、Si、Ni、Zrの含有割合が減少するため、高硬度を有するCr最低含有点が隣接して存在しても層全体としての耐熱性、耐摩耗性の低下は避けられず、一方、各Cr最高含有点における平均のCrの含有割合を示すCrmaxは、その定義により、a以下の値を取らないことから、各Cr最高含有点における平均Cr濃度を示すCrmaxの値は、aを超え1.30a以下と定めた。なお、Crmaxの値は、1.03a≦Crmax≦1.25aを満足することが望ましい。
Cr concentration at the highest Cr content point in compositional modulation of Cr component:
In periodic compositional modulation of the Cr component, the Cr component in the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having the highest Cr content has the effect of improving the strength of the layer itself and improving the crack resistance. However, Crmax indicating the Cr content at the highest Cr content point is 1.30a (where the value of a is the composition formula of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer: (Al 1-a- b-c Cr a Si b Ni c Zr d ) Since the content ratio of Al, Si, Ni, and Zr is relatively reduced when the average composition a of Cr in N is increased), Cr having high hardness Even if the lowest content point exists adjacently, the heat resistance and wear resistance of the entire layer are inevitably lowered. On the other hand, Crmax indicating the average Cr content at each Cr highest content point is defined by the definition. , Do not take a value less than a Therefore, the value of Crmax indicating the average Cr concentration at each Cr highest content point was determined to be greater than a and not greater than 1.30a. The value of Crmax desirably satisfies 1.03a ≦ Crmax ≦ 1.25a.

Cr成分の組成変調におけるCr最低含有点におけるCr濃度:
前記のとおり、Cr最高含有点は相対的に高強度を有し、耐クラック性を向上させるが、その反面、相対的に硬度が小さく耐摩耗性に劣り、また耐熱性にも劣るものであるため、このCr最高含有点の耐摩耗性不足、耐熱性不足を補うため、Cr含有割合を相対的に小さくし、これによって層全体としての耐摩耗性、耐熱性を向上させるCr最低含有点を厚さ方向に交互に周期的に形成する。
したがって、Cr最低含有点におけるCrの含有割合を示すCrminが、0.50a(ただし、aの値は、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の組成式:(Al1−a−b−c−dCrSiNiZr)NにおけるCrの平均組成aを示す)より小さくなると、高強度を有するCr最高含有点が隣接して存在しても層全体としての耐クラック性の低下は避けられず、一方、Cr最低含有点におけるCrの含有割合を示すCrminは、その定義により、a以上の数値とならないことから、Cr最低含有点におけるCr濃度を示すCrminの値は、0.50a以上a未満と定めた。なお、Crminの値は、0.65a≦Crmin≦0.95aを満足することが望ましい。
Cr concentration at the lowest Cr content point in the compositional modulation of the Cr component:
As described above, the highest Cr content point has relatively high strength and improves crack resistance, but on the other hand, it has relatively small hardness and poor wear resistance, and also has poor heat resistance. Therefore, in order to make up for the lack of wear resistance and heat resistance of the highest Cr content point, the Cr content ratio is made relatively small, thereby improving the wear resistance and heat resistance of the entire layer. They are alternately and periodically formed in the thickness direction.
Therefore, Crmin indicating the Cr content at the lowest Cr content point is 0.50a (where the value of a is the composition formula of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer: (Al 1-a- bcd Cr a Si b Ni c Zr d ) If the average composition of Cr is smaller than N), the crack resistance of the entire layer is reduced even if the highest Cr content point having high strength exists adjacently On the other hand, the Crmin indicating the content ratio of Cr at the Cr minimum content point is not a numerical value of a or more according to the definition, so the value of Crmin indicating the Cr concentration at the Cr minimum content point is 0.50a or more and less than a. The value of Crmin desirably satisfies 0.65a ≦ Crmin ≦ 0.95a.

Cr成分の組成変調におけるCr最高含有点とCr最低含有点の間隔:
Cr最高含有点とCr最低含有点の間隔が1nm未満では、それぞれの点を明確に区別して形成することが困難であり、その結果、層に所望の高強度、高温硬さと耐熱性を確保することができなくなり、また、その間隔が100nmを越えるとそれぞれの点がもつ欠点、すなわちCr最低含有点であれば強度不足、Cr最高含有点であれば高温硬さと耐熱性不足が層内に局部的に現れ、これが原因で切刃にクラックが発生し易くなり、また、摩耗進行が促進されるようになることから、Cr最高含有点とCr最低含有点の間隔は1nm以上100nm以下と定めた。
Interval between the highest Cr content point and the lowest Cr content point in the compositional modulation of the Cr component:
If the distance between the highest Cr content point and the lowest Cr content point is less than 1 nm, it is difficult to clearly distinguish each point and form the desired high strength, high temperature hardness and heat resistance in the layer. In addition, when the distance exceeds 100 nm, the defects of the respective points, that is, if the Cr minimum content point is insufficient in strength, if the Cr maximum content point is high temperature hardness and insufficient heat resistance are localized in the layer. As a result, cracks are likely to occur in the cutting edge and the progress of wear is promoted. Therefore, the interval between the highest Cr content point and the lowest Cr content point is set to 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less. .

本発明の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の組成変調構造は、前述のとおり、連続的であっても不連続的(ステップ状、階段状)であっても構わないが、連続的な組成変調構造を有する形態の方が、耐クラック性に優れるためより好ましい。
本発明の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を、例えば、図3に示すアークイオンプレーティング(以下、「AIP」と記す)装置を用いて成膜するに当たり、工具基体をAIP装置に装入し、回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体とCr最高含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にアーク放電を発生させて成膜すると同時に、回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体とCr最低含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にもアーク放電を発生させて成膜することによって、連続的な組成変調構造を有する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を形成することができる。
一方、工具基体とCr最高含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にアーク放電を発生させて成膜したのちアーク放電を停止し、次いで、工具基体とCr最低含有点形成用ターゲットとの間にアーク放電を発生させて成膜したのちアーク放電を停止するという操作を交互に行うことにより、不連続的な(ステップ状の)組成変調構造を有する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を形成することができる。
The composition modulation structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer of the present invention may be continuous or discontinuous (step-like, step-like) as described above. A form having a continuous compositional modulation structure is more preferable because it is excellent in crack resistance.
In forming the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer of the present invention using, for example, an arc ion plating (hereinafter referred to as “AIP”) apparatus shown in FIG. A tool that is charged in the apparatus and rotates while rotating on the rotary table, and a film that rotates while rotating on the rotary table at the same time as forming a film by generating arc discharge between the target body for forming the highest Cr content point. An (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having a continuous composition modulation structure is formed by forming a film by generating an arc discharge between the substrate and the target for forming the lowest Cr content point. be able to.
On the other hand, an arc discharge is generated between the tool base and the target for forming the highest Cr content point, the arc discharge is stopped, and then the arc discharge is performed between the tool base and the target for forming the lowest Cr content point. (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having a discontinuous (step-like) composition modulation structure by alternately performing an operation of stopping arc discharge after film formation by generating Can be formed.

本発明の被覆工具は、硬質被覆層が、少なくとも、所定の組成の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層からなる層を含み、また、該(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層においてCr成分濃度が層厚方向に沿って周期的に変化し、Cr最高含有点とCr最低含有点が存在することによって、硬質被覆層全体としてすぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を相兼ね備える。
したがって、本発明の被覆工具は、高熱発生を伴い、かつ、切刃に対して大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の高速ミーリング加工でも、すぐれた耐チッピング性およびすぐれた耐摩耗性を長期に亘って発揮するものである。
In the coated tool of the present invention, the hard coating layer includes at least a layer composed of an (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having a predetermined composition, and the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr). ) In the N layer, the Cr component concentration periodically changes along the layer thickness direction, and the presence of the highest Cr content point and the lowest Cr content point provides excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance as a whole hard coating layer. Have both.
Therefore, the coated tool of the present invention has excellent chipping resistance and excellent performance even in high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel, which is accompanied by high heat generation and has a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting edge. It exhibits high wear resistance over a long period of time.

本発明被覆工具の硬質被覆層の層構造の概略縦断面模式図を示す。The schematic longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the layer structure of the hard coating layer of this invention coated tool is shown. (a)は、本発明被覆工具の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の組成変調構造の概略模式図を示し、(b)は、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の層厚方向に沿ったCr成分濃度の連続的な変化を示し、(c)は、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の層厚方向に沿ったCr成分濃度の不連続的な変化(ステップ状の変化、階段状の変化)を示す。(A) shows a schematic diagram of the composition modulation structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer of the coated tool of the present invention, and (b) shows (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr). (C) shows a continuous change in the Cr component concentration along the layer thickness direction of the N layer, and (c) shows the variation in the Cr component concentration along the layer thickness direction of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer. Indicates a continuous change (step change, step change). 図1(a)に示す層構造の本発明被覆工具の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を形成するのに用いたアークイオンプレーティング(AIP)装置を示し、(a)は概略平面図、(b)は概略正面図である。1A shows an arc ion plating (AIP) apparatus used to form the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer of the coated tool of the present invention having the layer structure shown in FIG. A schematic plan view, (b) is a schematic front view.

つぎに、この発明の被覆工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。
なお、以下の実施例では、炭化タングステン基超硬合金を工具基体とする被覆工具について説明するが、工具基体として、炭窒化チタン基サーメットあるいは立方晶窒化硼素焼結体を用いた場合も同様である。
Next, the coated tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
In the following examples, a coated tool using a tungsten carbide base cemented carbide as a tool base will be described. However, the same applies when a titanium carbonitride based cermet or a cubic boron nitride sintered body is used as the tool base. is there.

実施例として、図1に示すような単層構造の硬質被覆層が設けられた被覆工具を、次のような工程で作製した。
まず、原料粉末として、平均粒径:5.5μmを有する中粗粒WC粉末、同0.8μmの微粒WC粉末、同1.3μmのTaC粉末、同1.2μmのNbC粉末、同1.2μmのZrC粉末、同2.3μmのCr粉末、同1.5μmのVC粉末、同1.0μmの(Ti,W)C[質量比で、TiC/WC=50/50]粉末、および同1.8μmのCo粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末をそれぞれ表1に示される配合組成に配合し、さらにワックスを加えてアセトン中で24時間ボールミル混合し、減圧乾燥した後、100MPaの圧力で所定形状の各種の圧粉体に押出しプレス成形し、これらの圧粉体を、6Paの真空雰囲気中、7℃/分の昇温速度で1370〜1470℃の範囲内の所定の温度に昇温し、この温度に1時間保持後、炉冷の条件で焼結して、直径が10mmの工具基体形成用丸棒焼結体を形成し、さらに前記丸棒焼結体から、研削加工にて、切刃部の直径×長さが6mm×12mmの寸法で、ねじれ角30度の2枚刃ボール形状をもったWC基超硬合金製の工具基体(エンドミル)1〜3をそれぞれ製造した。
As an example, a coated tool provided with a hard coating layer having a single-layer structure as shown in FIG. 1 was produced by the following process.
First, as a raw material powder, a medium coarse WC powder having an average particle size of 5.5 μm, a fine WC powder of 0.8 μm, a TaC powder of 1.3 μm, a NbC powder of 1.2 μm, and a 1.2 μm of the same. ZrC powder, 2.3 μm Cr 3 C 2 powder, 1.5 μm VC powder, 1.0 μm (Ti, W) C [by mass ratio, TiC / WC = 50/50] powder, and The same 1.8 μm Co powder was prepared, each of these raw material powders was blended into the blending composition shown in Table 1, and further, wax was added, ball milled in acetone for 24 hours, dried under reduced pressure, and then at a pressure of 100 MPa. Extruded and pressed into various green compacts of a predetermined shape, and these green compacts were heated to a predetermined temperature in the range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 7 ° C./min in a 6 Pa vacuum atmosphere. And hold at this temperature for 1 hour, then cool in furnace Sintering is performed to form a round bar sintered body for forming a tool base having a diameter of 10 mm, and further, the diameter x length of the cutting edge portion is 6 mm x 12 mm by grinding from the round bar sintered body. WC-base cemented carbide tool bases (end mills) 1 to 3 having a two-blade ball shape with a twist angle of 30 degrees were manufactured.

(a)上記の工具基体1〜3のそれぞれを、アセトン中で超音波洗浄し、乾燥した状態で、図3に示すAIP装置の回転テーブル上の中心軸から半径方向に所定距離離れた位置に外周部にそって装着し、AIP装置内にボンバード洗浄用のAl−Ti−Siカソード電極(図示せず)、所定組成のCr最高含有点形成用Al−Cr−Si−Ni−Zr合金ターゲット(カソード電極)および所定組成のCr最低含有点形成用Al−Cr−Si−Ni−Zr合金ターゲット(カソード電極)を装置内に相対向して配置し、
(b)まず、装置内を排気して真空に保持しながら、ヒータで工具基体を400℃に加熱した後、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体に−1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ、Tiカソード電極とアノード電極との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって工具基体表面をボンバード洗浄し、
(c)ついで、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表2に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体の温度を表2に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに表2に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、ついで、Cr最高含有点形成用Al−Cr−Si−Ni−Zr合金ターゲット(カソード電極)とアノード電極、また、Cr最低含有点形成用Al−Cr−Si−Ni−Zr合金ターゲット(カソード電極)とアノード電極との間に、それぞれ交互に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させることにより、表4に示される所定の組成、目標平均層厚、組成変調の周期、Crmax、Crminからなる不連続的な(ステップ状の、階段状の)Cr成分濃度の変化を有する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、表4に示す本発明被覆工具としての表面被覆エンドミル1〜5(以下、本発明1〜5という)をそれぞれ製造した。
(A) Each of the tool bases 1 to 3 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, at a position spaced apart from the central axis on the rotary table of the AIP apparatus shown in FIG. 3 by a predetermined distance in the radial direction. Mounted along the outer periphery, an Al-Ti-Si cathode electrode (not shown) for bombard cleaning in an AIP apparatus, an Al-Cr-Si-Ni-Zr alloy target for forming the highest Cr content point with a predetermined composition ( A cathode electrode) and an Al—Cr—Si—Ni—Zr alloy target (cathode electrode) for forming the lowest Cr content point having a predetermined composition are arranged opposite to each other in the apparatus,
(B) First, the tool base is heated to 400 ° C. with a heater while the inside of the apparatus is evacuated and kept in vacuum, and then a DC bias voltage of −1000 V is applied to the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table. And an arc discharge is caused by flowing a current of 100 A between the Ti cathode electrode and the anode electrode, thereby bombarding the surface of the tool substrate,
(C) Next, nitrogen gas is introduced as a reactive gas into the apparatus to obtain the nitrogen pressure shown in Table 2, and the temperature of the tool base rotating while rotating on the rotary table is within the temperature range shown in Table 2. The DC bias voltage shown in Table 2 was applied, and then the highest Cr content point forming Al—Cr—Si—Ni—Zr alloy target (cathode electrode) and anode electrode, and the lowest Cr content point forming Al A predetermined composition and a target average shown in Table 4 are generated by causing an arc discharge by alternately flowing a current of 100 A between a Cr—Si—Ni—Zr alloy target (cathode electrode) and an anode electrode. It has a discontinuous (step-like, step-like) Cr component concentration change consisting of layer thickness, composition modulation period, Crmax, Crmin (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, By depositing form a hard coating layer consisting of r) N layer, are shown in Table 4. surface coating end mill 1-5 as the present invention coated tool (hereinafter, the present invention 1-5 hereinafter) were prepared, respectively.

また、前記(c)工程において、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表2に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル上で自転しながら回転する工具基体の温度を表2に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに表2に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Cr最高含有点形成用Al−Cr−Si−Ni−Zr合金ターゲット(カソード電極)とアノード電極、さらに、Cr最低含有点形成用Al−Cr−Si−Ni−Zr合金ターゲット(カソード電極)とアノード電極との間に、それぞれ100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を同時に発生させ、もって前記工具基体の表面に、表4に示される所定の組成、目標平均層厚、組成変調の周期、Crmax、Crminからなる連続的なCr成分濃度の変化を有する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、表4に示す本発明被覆工具としての表面被覆エンドミル6〜10(以下、本発明6〜10という)をそれぞれ製造した。   Further, in the step (c), nitrogen gas is introduced as a reaction gas into the apparatus to obtain the nitrogen pressure shown in Table 2, and the temperature of the tool base that rotates while rotating on the rotary table is shown in Table 2. While maintaining within the temperature range, the DC bias voltage shown in Table 2 is applied, and the highest Cr content point forming Al—Cr—Si—Ni—Zr alloy target (cathode electrode) and anode electrode, and the lowest Cr content A current of 100 A is passed between the point-forming Al—Cr—Si—Ni—Zr alloy target (cathode electrode) and the anode electrode to simultaneously generate an arc discharge. (1), and a continuous average Cr layer concentration change consisting of Crmax and Crmin (Al, Cr, Si). Ni, by depositing form a hard coating layer consisting of Zr) N layer, the surface coating end mill as the present invention coated tool shown in Table 4 6-10 (hereinafter, the present invention 6-10 hereinafter) were prepared, respectively.

[比較例]
比較の目的で、上記実施例における(c)の工程を、表3に示す条件(即ち、窒素圧、工具基体の温度、直流バイアス電圧)で行い、その他は実施例と同一の条件で成膜することにより、表5に示す比較例被覆工具としての表面被覆エンドミル1〜10(以下、比較例1〜10という)をそれぞれ製造した。
すなわち、比較例1〜10の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層は、いずれも、本発明で規定する要件を備えていないものである。
[Comparative example]
For the purpose of comparison, the step (c) in the above example was performed under the conditions shown in Table 3 (that is, the nitrogen pressure, the temperature of the tool base, and the DC bias voltage), and the other conditions were the same as in the example. Thus, surface-coated end mills 1 to 10 (hereinafter referred to as Comparative Examples 1 to 10) as comparative example-coated tools shown in Table 5 were produced.
That is, none of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layers of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 has the requirements defined in the present invention.

上記で作製した本発明1〜10および比較例1〜10の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の組成を、その層厚方向に沿って、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いたエネルギー分散型X線分析法(EDS)により測定し、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層全体の平均組成を求めた。
また、その層厚を、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて断面測定し、5ヶ所の測定値の平均値から、平均層厚を算出した。
The composition of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layers of the present inventions 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 prepared above was applied along the layer thickness direction using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average composition of the entire (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer was determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS).
Further, the layer thickness was measured by a cross-section using a scanning electron microscope, and the average layer thickness was calculated from the average value of the five measured values.

さらに、本発明1〜10および比較例1〜10の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)およびエネルギー分散型X線分析法(EDS)を用いた層厚方向に沿った測定により、Cr最高含有点におけるCr濃度Crmaxの値、Cr最低含有点におけるCr濃度Crminの値、Cr最高含有点とCr最低含有点の間隔を測定した。
なお、前記の平均組成、Crmaxの値、Crminの値、Cr最高含有点とCr最低含有点の間隔は、いずれも複数個所の測定値の平均値として求めたものである。
Further, for the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layers of the present invention 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-10, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and an energy dispersive X-ray By measuring along the layer thickness direction using an analysis method (EDS), the Cr concentration Crmax value at the highest Cr content point, the Cr concentration Crmin value at the lowest Cr content point, and the interval between the highest Cr content point and the lowest Cr content point Was measured.
The average composition, the Crmax value, the Crmin value, and the interval between the highest Cr content point and the lowest Cr content point are all obtained as average values of measured values at a plurality of locations.

さらに、本発明1〜10および比較例1〜10の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層について、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni、Zr)N層のX線回折を行い、立方晶構造または六方晶構造を有する結晶の存在の有無を確認した。
なお、X線回折は、測定条件:Cu管球、測定範囲(2θ):30〜80度、スキャンステップ:0.013度、1ステップ辺り測定時間:0.48sec/stepという条件で測定した。
表4、表5に、測定・算出したそれぞれの値を示す。
Further, for the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer of the present invention 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-10, X-ray diffraction of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer was performed, and cubic The presence or absence of crystals having a crystal structure or a hexagonal crystal structure was confirmed.
X-ray diffraction was measured under the conditions of measurement conditions: Cu tube, measurement range (2θ): 30 to 80 degrees, scan step: 0.013 degrees, measurement time per step: 0.48 sec / step.
Tables 4 and 5 show the measured and calculated values.






つぎに、上記本発明1〜10および比較例1〜10のエンドミルについて、下記の条件(切削条件Aという)での合金工具鋼の側面切削加工試験を実施した。
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SKD11(60HRC)の板材、
切削速度: 100 m/min、
回転速度: 5400 min.−1
切り込み:ae 0.25mm、ap 2mm、
送り速度(1刃当り): 0.05 mm/tooth、
切削長: 32 m、
さらに、下記の条件(切削条件Bという)での合金工具鋼の側面切削加工試験を実施した。
被削材−平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SKD51(64HRC)の板材、
切削速度: 100 m/min、
回転速度: 5400 min.−1
切り込み:ae 0.25mm、ap 2mm、
送り速度(1刃当り): 0.05 mm/tooth、
切削長: 18 m、
いずれの側面切削加工試験でも切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。
この測定結果を表6に示した。
Next, for the end mills of the present inventions 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, a side cutting test of the alloy tool steel was performed under the following conditions (referred to as cutting conditions A).
Work material-planar dimensions: 100 mm × 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SKD11 (60HRC) plate material,
Cutting speed: 100 m / min,
Rotational speed: 5400 min. -1 ,
Incision: ae 0.25mm, ap 2mm,
Feed rate (per blade): 0.05 mm / tooth,
Cutting length: 32 m
Furthermore, a side cutting test of the alloy tool steel was performed under the following conditions (referred to as cutting conditions B).
Work material-Plane dimension: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SKD51 (64HRC) plate material,
Cutting speed: 100 m / min,
Rotational speed: 5400 min. -1 ,
Incision: ae 0.25mm, ap 2mm,
Feed rate (per blade): 0.05 mm / tooth,
Cutting length: 18 m
In any side cutting test, the flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured.
The measurement results are shown in Table 6.


表6に示される結果から、本発明の被覆工具は、硬質被覆層として、少なくとも所定の平均組成の(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層を含み、かつ、該層中には、Cr成分の組成変調構造が形成されていることによって、(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層は、靭性と耐摩耗性の両特性を兼ね備えるため、焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の切削加工において、すぐれた耐チッピング性と耐摩耗性を示し、長期の使用にわたってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するものである。
これに対して、硬質被覆層を構成する(Al,Cr,Si,Ni,Zr)N層の平均組成、あるいはCr成分の組成変調構造が本発明の規定を外れる比較例の被覆工具では、チッピングの発生、あるいは、摩耗進行によって、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。
From the results shown in Table 6, the coated tool of the present invention includes at least a (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer having a predetermined average composition as the hard coating layer, and in the layer, Since the compositional modulation structure of the Cr component is formed, the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer has both toughness and wear resistance characteristics. Therefore, cutting of hard materials such as hardened steel is possible. In processing, it exhibits excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance, and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of use.
On the other hand, in the coated tool of the comparative example in which the average composition of the (Al, Cr, Si, Ni, Zr) N layer constituting the hard coating layer or the composition modulation structure of the Cr component deviates from the definition of the present invention, chipping is performed. It is clear that the service life is reached in a relatively short time due to the occurrence of this or the progress of wear.

この発明の被覆工具は、焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の高速ミーリング加工に供した場合に、すぐれた耐チッピング性とともに長期の使用に亘ってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮するものであるから、切削加工装置のFA化、並びに切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。






The coated tool of this invention exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of use as well as excellent chipping resistance when subjected to high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel. It is possible to satisfactorily respond to the FA of processing equipment, labor saving and energy saving of cutting, and cost reduction.






Claims (2)

炭化タングステン基超硬合金、TiCN基サーメットあるいは立方晶窒化硼素焼結体のいずれかからなる工具基体の表面に、硬質被覆層が設けられた表面被覆切削工具において、
(a)前記硬質被覆層は、平均層厚0.5〜8.0μmのNaCl型の立方晶構造のAlとCrとSiとNiとZrの複合窒化物層を少なくとも含み、
(b)前記複合窒化物層は、
組成式:(Al1−a−b−c−dCrSiNiZr)Nで表した場合、
0.10≦a≦0.30、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.001≦c≦0.02、0.001≦d≦0.02(ただし、a、b、c、dはいずれも原子比)を満足する平均組成を有し、
(c)前記複合窒化物層は、層厚方向に沿ってCr成分濃度が周期的に変化する組成変調構造を有し、
(d)前記組成変調構造におけるCr成分濃度の周期的な変化は、Cr成分の最高含有点とCr成分の最低含有点が1nm〜100nmの間隔で繰り返され、
(e)前記Cr成分の最高含有点におけるCr成分の濃度Crmaxは、
a<Crmax≦1.3aの範囲内であり、
一方、前記Cr成分の最低含有点におけるCr成分の濃度Crminは、
0.50a≦Crmin<aの範囲内である(ただし、aは、前記(b)の組成式におけるCrの平均組成aを示す)ことを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is provided on the surface of a tool substrate made of any of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, TiCN-based cermet, or cubic boron nitride sintered body,
(A) The hard coating layer includes at least a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, Ni, and Zr having an NaCl-type cubic structure with an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 8.0 μm,
(B) The composite nitride layer is
Formula: when expressed in (Al 1-a-b- c-d Cr a Si b Ni c Zr d) N,
0.10 ≦ a ≦ 0.30, 0.05 ≦ b ≦ 0.20, 0.001 ≦ c ≦ 0.02, 0.001 ≦ d ≦ 0.02 (where a, b, c, d are Both have an average composition that satisfies the atomic ratio)
(C) The composite nitride layer has a composition modulation structure in which the Cr component concentration periodically changes along the layer thickness direction,
(D) The periodic change in the Cr component concentration in the composition modulation structure is repeated at intervals of 1 nm to 100 nm between the highest content point of the Cr component and the lowest content point of the Cr component,
(E) The concentration Crmax of the Cr component at the highest content point of the Cr component is:
a <Crmax ≦ 1.3a,
On the other hand, the concentration Crmin of the Cr component at the minimum content point of the Cr component is
A surface-coated cutting tool characterized by being in the range of 0.50a ≦ Crmin <a (where a represents the average composition a of Cr in the composition formula (b)).
前記Cr成分濃度の変化は、層厚方向に沿った連続的な変化であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具。















The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the change in the Cr component concentration is a continuous change along the layer thickness direction.















JP2016165181A 2016-08-25 2016-08-25 Surface-coated cutting tool excellent in chipping resistance and abrasion resistance Pending JP2018030212A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20250034438A (en) 2022-08-31 2025-03-11 교세라 가부시키가이샤 Covering tools and cutting tools

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20250034438A (en) 2022-08-31 2025-03-11 교세라 가부시키가이샤 Covering tools and cutting tools

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