JP2018010138A - Display, projection device, and movable body including display or projection device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display in which light reflected by a transmission member is not condensed at a specific on point.SOLUTION: A display comprises an opening through which light beams forming an image to be displayed is emitted to the outside. The opening is provided with a transmission member through which the light beams pass; the transmission member has a concave surface on an emission surface side; when a symmetry axis when a parabola is drawn is defined as a reference axis of the concave surface, the shape of the concave surface is a non-circular-arc shape in which its curvature is reduced as being separated from the reference axis.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device, a projection device, and a moving body including the display device or the projection device.

  As display devices and projection devices, for example, projectors and head-up displays (hereinafter referred to as “HUD”) are known. The HUD is a device that is mounted on a moving body such as an automobile, an aircraft, or a ship, and allows the operator to visually recognize information.

  The display device and the projection device include an opening for emitting light that forms an image to the outside of the device. In order to prevent dust and the like from entering the inside of the apparatus from the opening, a transmissive member that transmits light for forming an image is generally installed in the opening. That is, the transmissive member is a member having a dustproof function.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a transmissive member of a display device is known in which a shape on the exit surface side is a concave surface in a cross section parallel to a light beam transmitted through the transmissive member. For example, in order to prevent extraneous light reflected by the transmission member from reaching the driver, the shape on the exit surface side is concave in the cross section parallel to the light beam transmitted through the transmission member, and the reflected light is shielded in the vicinity of the transmission member. 2. Description of the Related Art A vehicle display device having a light shielding member is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  By the way, when parallel light parallel to the parabola axis (symmetry axis) is incident, the incident light is collected at one point on this axis. Therefore, for example, when the exit surface is a parabolic concave surface, parallel light parallel to the reference axis (parabolic axis (symmetric axis)) of the concave surface, which is the shape of the exit surface, from the outside of the exit surface to the exit surface. When incident, the reflected light reflected by the exit surface is collected at one point on this axis.

  Here, sunlight is considered as parallel light. And sunlight may enter the display member used outdoors and the transmissive member installed in the opening of the projection apparatus. For example, in the case of a HUD mounted on a dashboard of a car, an opening for projecting light to the outside of the device is arranged in the vicinity of the windshield, so that sunlight is reflected by a transmissive member installed in the opening. There is a possibility that. And if the sunlight reflected by the transmissive member installed in the opening is condensed at one specific point, the energy is concentrated at one point, so there is a concern that an unexpected failure may occur.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a display device in which light reflected by a transmissive member is not collected at a specific point.

  The display device according to the present invention is a display device that includes an opening that emits a light beam that forms an image to be displayed to the outside, and the transmission member that transmits the light beam is provided in the opening. The exit surface side is a concave surface, and if the axis of symmetry when a parabola is drawn is defined as the reference axis of the concave surface, the shape of the concave surface is a non-circular arc whose curvature becomes looser as it is farther from the reference axis than the parabola. A display device having a shape.

  According to the present invention, the light reflected by the transmissive member in the display device does not collect at a specific point.

It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of the apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the concave surface of the transparent member in a comparative example, and the concave surface of the transparent member which concerns on this Embodiment on the xy plane. It is the figure which showed the shape of the concave surface of the permeation | transmission member which concerns on this Embodiment on xy plane. (A) It is a figure which shows the mode of the sunlight which injects into the concave surface of the transmissive member in a comparative example, the transmitted light which sunlight permeate | transmitted the concave surface, and the reflected light which sunlight reflected by the concave surface, (b) FIG. It is the enlarged view which expanded a part of optical path of the reflected light in which the sunlight of a) was reflected by the concave surface, (c) The sunlight and sunlight which are incident on the concave surface of the transmission member according to the present embodiment It is a figure which shows the mode of the reflected light which permeate | transmitted the transmitted light and sunlight reflected by the concave surface, (d) Part of the optical path of the reflected light which the sunlight of FIG.2 (c) reflected by the concave surface was expanded. It is an enlarged view. (A) The figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the permeation | transmission member with which HUD which is embodiment of this invention is provided, (b) The figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the permeation | transmission member with which HUD in the comparative example 2 is provided. (A) It is the figure which showed a mode that the concave reference axis was inclined and arrange | positioned in the + Z side in the YZ plane as this Embodiment. (B) As a comparative example 3, the concave reference axis is set to the YZ plane. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which they are arranged without tilting to the + Z side. It is a figure which shows a mode that the light-shielding member was provided on the optical path where sunlight reaches the concave surface of a transmissive member.

● Display device (1) ●
Hereinafter, embodiments of a display device and a projection device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, HUD1 which is embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.

Overview of Display Device As shown in FIG. 1, the HUD 1 is a device that is mounted on a moving body such as an automobile, an aircraft, or a ship. The HUD 1 displays information within the field of view of the operator of the moving body. This “information” is information related to the movement of the moving object, information related to the operation of the moving object, and the like. Also included are alarms for notifying the operating state of the moving body.

  The HUD 1 is a device that forms an intermediate image in an image forming unit, which will be described later, and projects the image onto the driver's field of view, thereby visually recognizing the virtual image 2 corresponding to the intermediate image.

  Here, a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system used in common with the description of the embodiment according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the forward direction of the moving body, which is the visual field direction of the observer 3, is the Z axis. In this case, the direction from the virtual image 2 toward the observer 3, that is, the backward direction of the moving body is defined as the + Z direction, and the line-of-sight direction of the observer 3, that is, the forward direction of the moving body is defined as the -Z direction. The left-right direction of the visual field of the observer 3 is defined as the X direction. In this case, the right direction of the viewer 3, that is, the depth direction on the paper surface is defined as the + X direction, and the left direction of the viewer 3, that is, the front side of the paper surface is defined as the −X direction. The vertical direction of the visual field of the observer 3 is defined as the Y direction. The upward direction of the observer 3 is defined as + Y direction, and the downward direction of the observer 3 is defined as -Y direction.

  In other words, when the mobile body used for the description of the embodiment according to the present invention is an automobile, the width direction of the automobile is the X direction, the height direction of the automobile is the Y direction, and the longitudinal direction of the automobile is Z. The direction. From the viewpoint of the observer 3, the left hand direction is the -X direction, and the right hand direction is the + X direction. The upward direction when viewed from the observer 3 is the + Y direction. The backward direction of the automobile, that is, the rear is the + Z direction, and the traveling direction, that is, the front is the -Z direction.

Configuration of Display Device As shown in FIG. 1, the HUD 1 includes a light source unit 100 that is an example of an incident optical system, a scanning optical system 200, and an observation optical system 300. In the present embodiment, a case where the HUD 1 is mounted on an automobile will be described as an example.

Outline of the light source unit 100 The light source unit 100 emits a light beam used for forming an intermediate image from which the virtual image 2 is based. If the virtual image 2 is to be a color image, a light beam corresponding to the three primary colors of light necessary for the color image is emitted from the light source unit 100.

  The light source unit 100 synthesizes three kinds of laser light beams of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) and outputs an image forming beam. The image forming beam is applied to the reflecting surface of the optical deflector 20.

  The laser beam of each color is intensity-modulated according to an image signal related to a “two-dimensional color image” to be displayed or according to image data indicating the image information. The intensity modulation of the laser beam may be a method of directly modulating the semiconductor laser of each color, that is, a direct modulation method, or a method of modulating the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser of each color, that is, an external modulation method. That is, each semiconductor laser element emits a laser beam of each color whose emission intensity is modulated by an image signal of each color component of R, G, and B by a driving unit that drives each semiconductor laser element.

  For each laser element, a laser diode (LD) called an edge emitting laser can be used instead of the semiconductor laser element as described above. Further, a surface emitting laser can be used instead of the edge emitting laser. Further, an LED element may be used for each laser element.

  In FIG. 1, the light source unit 100 is installed so that the optical axis is obliquely downward on the YZ plane. However, the light source unit 100 is not limited to this. The positions and angles of the components of the scanning optical system 200 and the observation optical system 300 differ depending on the installation position of the light source unit 100.

Overview of Scanning Optical System 200 The scanning optical system 200 forms an intermediate image on the image forming unit 22 based on the light beam emitted from the light source unit 100.

  The scanning optical system 200 includes an optical deflector 20, a scanning mirror 21, and an image forming unit 22.

Overview of Optical Deflector 20 The optical deflector 20 is an image forming element that deflects and scans an image forming beam emitted from the light source unit 100 and performs two-dimensional deflection scanning on the image forming unit 22. The optical deflector 20 is a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) mirror manufactured as a micro oscillating mirror element by a semiconductor process or the like. The MEMS mirror is a single minute mirror. The MEMS mirror swings with respect to two axes orthogonal to the mirror surface, that is, the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction, and performs two-dimensional scanning.

  The image forming element that can be used as the optical deflector 20 is not limited to the above example. For example, a mirror system composed of two mirrors that swing or rotate about one axis may be used. The optical deflector 20 is composed of an assembly of minute mirrors, and each minute mirror is oscillated using two axes orthogonal to each other. The minute oscillating mirror element (DMD: Digital Micromirror Device, Texas Instruments). Further, as the image forming element used as the optical deflector 20, a transmissive liquid crystal element including a transmissive liquid crystal panel, a reflective liquid crystal element that is a liquid crystal device including a reflective liquid crystal panel, or the like may be used.

  When the image forming beam is deflected two-dimensionally in the optical deflector 20, the deflected beam is reflected by the scanning mirror 21 and enters the image forming unit 22 as a scanning beam.

  The scanning beam is scanned on the image forming unit 22 in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction. That is, the optical deflector 20 deflects the scanning beam biaxially, and the image forming unit 22 is two-dimensionally formed by performing sinusoidal vibration in the main scanning direction and sawtooth vibration in the sub-scanning direction. Perform deflection scanning.

Outline of Image Forming Unit 22 An intermediate image is formed by two-dimensional deflection scanning of the image forming unit 22 with a scanning beam. The intermediate image created here is a color two-dimensional image. In the present embodiment, a color image is assumed. However, a monochrome intermediate image may be created in the image forming unit 22.

  Note that the intermediate image formed in the image forming unit 22 at each moment of the two-dimensional deflection scanning by the scanning beam is “only the pixel irradiated with the scanning beam at that moment”. Therefore, the above-described two-dimensional image is created as “a set of pixels displayed at each moment” by two-dimensional scanning of the scanning beam.

  The image forming unit 22 is a microlens array in which fine convex lenses are two-dimensionally arranged, and a scanning beam incident on the fine convex lenses is diffused and emitted from the emission surface. The scanning of the image forming unit 22 is, for example, a raster scan in which the main scanning direction is scanned at a high speed and the sub scanning direction is scanned at a low speed. An intermediate image is formed by the diffused light emitted from the scanned image forming unit 22. That is, the intermediate image appears on the exit surface side (observation optical system 300 side) of the image forming unit 22.

  The optical element used as the image forming unit 22 is not limited to the above example, and a transmission screen, a diffusion plate, a reflection screen, or the like may be employed. A plurality of microlenses arranged one-dimensionally or three-dimensionally arranged can also be used.

Configuration of Observation Optical System 300 The observation optical system 300 includes a concave mirror 31, an optical combiner 32, and a transmission member 45.

  The intermediate image formed in the scanning optical system 200 is enlarged and projected on the concave mirror 31 that is a reflection optical element. The intermediate image to be enlarged and projected is transmitted through the transmission member 45 and reflected by the optical combiner 32 toward the observer 3.

  The transmissive member 45 is a member that transmits a light beam that forms an image, and also functions as a dust-proof member that prevents dust from entering the apparatus. The transmissive member 45 has a convex surface 45a on the incident surface side (concave mirror 31 side) and a concave surface 45b on the exit surface side (optical combiner 32 side) in a cross section parallel to the light beam transmitted through the transmissive member 45. The light beam from the scanning optical system 200 is transmitted from the convex surface 45a side of the transmission member 45 to the concave surface 45b side.

  External light such as sunlight also enters the optical combiner 32. Of the external light such as sunlight transmitted through the optical combiner 32, a part of the light flux enters the transmission member 45. A part of the light beam incident on the transmission member 45 is transmitted from the concave surface 45b side to the convex surface 45a side, and the remaining light beam is reflected by the concave surface 45b. The shape of the concave surface 45b of the transmission member 45 will be described later.

  The optical combiner 32 is an element that reflects the intermediate image toward the observer 3 and causes the observer 3 to visually recognize the virtual image 2.

  In the present embodiment, a front windshield 50, a so-called windshield, is used as the optical combiner 32. In addition, a dedicated optical combiner 32 may be disposed in the field of view of the observer 3.

  When the intermediate image is reflected by the optical combiner 32, the observer 3 in the driver's seat sees a virtual image at a position different from the physical position of the optical combiner 32, in this case, in a direction away from the observer 3. 2 appears. As already described, the information recognized by the observer 3 in the virtual image 2 is, for example, information related to the operation or driving of the automobile, and more specifically, the speed, travel distance, destination display, etc. of the automobile. Navigation information and the like.

  In general, the front windshield 50 as the optical combiner 32 on which the intermediate image is projected is not a plane. Therefore, the light flux related to the projected intermediate image is projected onto a surface that is not a flat surface.

  That is, the appearing virtual image 2 is distorted according to the shape of the front windshield 50. Therefore, in order to correct this distortion, the shape of the single concave mirror 31 is devised. For example, the concave mirror 31 has a reflecting surface that corrects an optical distortion element in which the horizontal line of the intermediate image is convex upward or downward. The concave mirror 31 is disposed at a position where the distortion of the virtual image 2 is corrected by the reflecting surface.

  By the concave mirror 31 and the optical combiner 32, the observer 3 visually recognizes the intermediate image as a virtual image 2 in a wide area in the field of view. Thereby, even if the observer 3 moves his head a little or moves the viewpoint, the virtual image 2 can be reliably recognized.

  The viewpoint of the observer 3 simply indicates a reference viewpoint position, that is, a reference eye point. The viewpoint range of the observer 3 is equal to or less than the driver's eye range (JIS D0021) of the automobile.

● Configuration of Transmission Member 45 The transmission member 45 according to the present embodiment will be described. A transmission member 145 is used as a comparative example.

  The function of the transmissive member 145 as a comparative example is the same as the function of the transmissive member 45 according to the present embodiment. Further, the shape of the cross section parallel to the transmitted light beam is the same in that the incident surface side is a convex surface and the exit surface side is a concave surface.

However, as shown in FIG. 3, the transmissive member 145 and the transmissive member 45, which are comparative examples, have different concave shapes.
First, the shape of the concave surface 145b of the transmission member 145 as a comparative example will be described.
The shape of the concave surface 145b of the transmissive member 145 as a comparative example is a parabolic shape. The parabola axis (symmetric axis) of the parabolic shape of the concave surface 145 b of the transmission member 145 of this comparative example is defined as a reference axis 146.
Next, the shape of the concave surface 45b of the transmissive member 45 according to the present embodiment will be described.
If the axis of symmetry when the parabola is drawn is defined as the reference axis 46 of the concave surface 45b, the shape of the concave surface 45b is farther from the reference axis 46 than the drawn parabola (a parabola having the reference axis 46 as the symmetry axis). It is a non-circular arc shape that the curvature becomes so gentle.

  The shape of the concave surface 45b will be described using mathematical expressions. A concave shape is defined on the xy plane, and the reference axis 46 is on the y axis. The direction perpendicular to the xy plane is taken as the z axis. In addition, in order to distinguish from the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system of the moving body described above, the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system of the moving body is expressed in capital letters, and in the description of the transmitting member 45, it is expressed in lower case letters.

In the xyz coordinate system, the shape formula representing the shape of the concave surface 45b is as follows.
(Formula 1)
c represents a paraxial curvature, and k represents a conic coefficient. In this embodiment, c = 0.01 and k = −1.15, and sufficient effects are obtained.

  As can be seen from the above shape formula, this formula has x = 0, that is, an extreme value 47 on the reference axis 46.

The transmitting member in the present invention is not limited to the above-described shape formula, and the same shape can be specified using another formula.

As shown in FIG. 2, the curvature of the concave surface 45 b is a non-arc-shaped curve that is line-symmetric with respect to the reference axis 46. Further, the shape of the concave surface 45b is longer in the quadrant in which the x coordinate is positive than in the quadrant in which the x coordinate is negative with respect to the length in the x-axis direction on the xy plane.

In the present embodiment, the correspondence between the xyz coordinate system and the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system of the moving object is that the z axis corresponds to the X axis, the x axis corresponds to the Z axis, and the y axis corresponds to the Y axis. Yes. The correspondence between the xy plane and the YZ plane is suitably designed as appropriate depending on the arrangement of each optical system.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram comparing the curvature of the concave surface 45b with the curvature of the concave surface 145b. Also in FIG. 3, the concave surface 45 b and the concave surface 145 b are shown on the xy plane with the reference axis 46 and the reference axis 146 as the y-axis, in accordance with the above-described definition of Equation 1. Further, the reference axis 46 of the concave surface 45b and the reference axis 146 of the concave surface 145b are shown in an overlapping manner.

  As described above, when the paraboloid is drawn with the reference axis 46 as the axis (symmetry axis), the concave surface 45b has a non-arc shape whose curvature becomes gentler than that of the parabola drawn away from the reference axis 46. Therefore, as is apparent from FIG. 3, when the y-axis direction is the height direction, the concave surface 45b is located more than the concave surface 145b having a radial shape from a position on the x-axis that is a predetermined distance or more away from the y-axis. However, the height is lowered. That is, the transmissive member 45 according to the present embodiment can reduce the thickness in the reference axis direction more than the transmissive member 145 as the comparative example.

  FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show how sunlight 60 enters the concave surface 145b of the transmission member 145 in the comparative example. Moreover, a mode that sunlight 60 injects into the permeation | transmission member 45 which concerns on this Embodiment in FIG.4 (c) and FIG.4 (d) is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, some of the sunlight 60 entering the transmissive member 145 is transmitted through the transmissive member 145 and becomes transmitted light 161 emitted from the convex surface 145a, and the remaining light is transmitted through the transmissive member. The reflected light 162 is reflected by the concave surface 145 b of 145.

  As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when sunlight 60 which is a parallel light beam enters the transmission member 145 in parallel with the reference axis 146, the reflected light 162 reflected by the concave surface 145 b of the transmission member 145. Passes through the focal point 163 on the reference axis 146. As described above, since the shape of the concave surface 145b is a parabolic shape, the reflected light 162 converges on a condensing point 163 that is one point on the reference axis 146.

  Since the reflected light 162 is condensed at the condensing point 163, energy is concentrated. And there is a concern that unexpected failures may occur due to the concentration of energy at one point.

  As shown in FIG. 4C, part of the light beam 60 entering the transmission member 45 is transmitted through the transmission member 45 to be transmitted light 61 emitted from the convex surface 45a, and the remaining light beam is transmitted through the transmission member 45. The reflected light 62 is reflected by the 45 concave surface 45b.

As described above, the shape of the concave surface 45b of the transmissive member 45 is different from the parabolic shape. That is, when a parabola is drawn with the reference axis 46 as an axis (symmetry axis), the curvature is less arcuate than the drawn parabola as the distance from the reference axis 46 increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D, even if sunlight 60 which is a parallel light flux enters the transmission member 45 in parallel to the reference axis 46, the reflected light 62 reflected by the concave surface 45 b. Does not collect light at one point on the reference axis, and the minimum luminous flux diameter of the reflected light 62 has a certain size.
Since the minimum luminous flux diameter of the reflected light 62 is large to some extent, the energy is not concentrated on one point, and an unexpected malfunction does not occur.

  The arrangement of the transmissive member 45 in the HUD 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, in the transmissive member 45, the position of the extreme value 47 (intersection of the concave surface 45b and the reference axis 46 of the concave surface 45b) of the concave surface 45b in the ZY plane is the optical combiner 32 (front windshield 50). ), That is, the −Z side, and the end 48 that is the end far from the reference axis 46 is located far from the optical combiner 32 (front windshield 50), that is, the + Z side. Yes. In other words, the position of the extreme value 47 is located closer to the optical combiner 32 (front windshield 50) than the end 48 which is the end far from the reference axis 46, that is, on the −Z side.

  That is, the height of the transmissive member 45 in the Y-axis direction is high on the side close to the observer 3 (+ Z side) and low on the side far from the observer 3 (−Z side).

  The HUD 1 reflects the light beam that has passed through the transmissive member 45 by the optical combiner 32 (front windshield 50), and allows the observer 3 to visually recognize the virtual image 2. The observer 3 observes the external scenery and the virtual image 2 in a superimposed manner via the light combiner 32 (front windshield 50). Therefore, it is preferable that the transmissive member 45 is disposed so as not to block the view of the observer 3.

  The viewpoint of the observer 3 is from behind and above the transmissive member 45, that is, from the + Z direction and the + Y direction toward the −Z direction. Further, the field of view of the observer 3 extends in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) from the eye of the observer 3 and reaches the front (−Z side). As shown in FIG. 5A, the transmission member 45 is arranged such that the height of the front (−Z side) end portion is lower than the height of the rear (+ Z side) end portion. Along. Therefore, the transmissive member 45 is arranged without obstructing the field of view of the observer 3, and the field of view of the observer 3 can be secured widely.

  FIG. 5B shows a comparative example 2 in which the transmissive member 175 having the same shape as the transmissive member 45 according to the present embodiment is disposed in the direction opposite to the direction in the present embodiment described above.

  As shown in FIG. 5B, the extreme value 177 is arranged on the viewer 3 side (+ Z side), and the end 178 that is the end far from the reference axis 176 is the optical combiner 32 (front windshield 50). When placed at a position close to (−Z side), the height of the transmission member 175 in the Y-axis direction is high on the side far from the observer 3 (−Z side) and low on the side close to the observer 3 (+ Z side). Become. That is, as compared with the arrangement of the transmissive member 45 in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 5A, the end portion 178 having a high height in the Y-axis direction is located closer to the optical combiner 32 (front windshield 50). Therefore, the viewing angle of the observer 3 is reduced by the end portion 178. In other words, the viewing angle θ1 in FIG. 5A is larger than the viewing angle θ2 in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, in the present embodiment, the reference axis 46 of the concave surface 45b is disposed on the YZ plane so as to be inclined toward the viewer 3 side (+ Z side) with respect to the Y axis.

  With reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B, the effect of arranging the reference axis 46 in the YZ plane so as to be inclined toward the viewer 3 side (+ Z side) with respect to the Y axis will be described.

  FIG. 6A shows a state in which the reference axis 46 of the concave surface 45b is tilted to the viewer 3 side (+ Z side) with respect to the Y axis in the YZ plane, as in FIG. 5A. Yes. The transmissive member 185 shown in FIG. 6B has the same shape as the transmissive member 45 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 6B shows a state in which the reference axis 186 of the concave surface 185b is arranged without being inclined with respect to the Y axis on the YZ plane.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the height from the X axis to the end 48 of the transmissive member 45 is defined as a height d3. As shown in FIG. 6B, the height from the X axis to the end portion 188 that is the end portion of the transmission member 185 far from the reference axis 186 is defined as a height d4. At this time, as is apparent from FIGS. 6A and 6B, the height d3 is lower than the height d4. That is, by arranging the reference shaft 46 to be inclined rearward (+ Z side), the height of the rear side (+ Z side) of the transmissive member 45 can be lowered, and the field of view of the observer 3 can be secured widely.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the HUD 1 desirably includes a light shielding member 33 on the optical path where the sunlight 60 that passes through the optical combiner 32 (front windshield 50) reaches the concave surface 45 b of the transmission member 45. The light blocking member 33 can reduce the amount of reflected light 62 that is reflected by the concave surface 45 b of the transmitting member 45 and reaches the observer 3.

  The light blocking member 33 only needs to be able to block external light reaching the eye range (Eye range, the position of the eyes of the observer 3) out of the external light toward the observer 3. Therefore, by setting the height (the size in the Y-axis direction) of the light shielding member 33 to the minimum height, the influence on the field of view of the observer 3 is minimized.

  The light shielding member 33 may also serve as a part of the casing of the moving body. With this configuration, for example, when the moving body is an automobile, the light shielding member 33 does not protrude from the dashboard that is a part of the automobile casing, and thus a cockpit design with a sense of unity can be achieved. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Head-up display 22 Image forming part 45 Transmission member 46 Reference axis 100 Light source part 200 Scanning optical system 300 Observation optical system

JP-A-63-121529

Claims (16)

A display device comprising an opening for emitting a light beam forming an image to be displayed to the outside,
The opening is provided with a transmission member through which the light flux is transmitted,
The emission surface side of the transmission member is a concave surface,
When the axis of symmetry when a parabola is drawn is defined as the reference axis of the concave surface, the shape of the concave surface is a non-arc shape whose curvature becomes gentler as the distance from the reference axis is further away from the parabola.   The display device according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the concave surface is an extreme value at an intersection of the concave surface and the reference axis. An observer viewing the image has a vertical direction of an image displayed by the display device as a Y axis, a horizontal direction as an X axis, and an axis perpendicular to an XY plane expressed by the X axis and the Y axis as a Z axis. If the side is defined as the + Z direction,
The exit surface of the transmission member is a concave surface in the YZ plane,
The display device according to claim 2, wherein the extreme value of the concave surface is located on a side closer to the end opposite to the observer on the concave surface. An observer viewing the image has a vertical direction of an image displayed by the display device as a Y axis, a horizontal direction as an X axis, and an axis perpendicular to an XY plane expressed by the X axis and the Y axis as a Z axis. If the side is defined as the + Z direction,
The exit surface of the transmission member is a concave surface in the YZ plane,
4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the transmissive member is arranged such that a reference axis of the concave surface is inclined to the + Z side with respect to the Y-axis direction. 5.   The light-shielding member which light-shields so that at least one part of the said light beam from the outside may not reach the said concave surface on the optical path where the light beam from the outside of the said display apparatus reaches the said concave surface is arrange | positioned. The display apparatus in any one. The display device according to claim 3, which is mounted on a moving body,
The Y axis is a height direction of the moving body, the X axis is a lateral width direction of the moving body, and the Z axis is a length direction of the moving body,
Using the windshield of the moving body as an optical combiner, an image displayed by the display device is displayed on the optical combiner,
The display device, wherein the extreme value of the concave surface is located on the concave surface closer to the optical combiner. The display device according to claim 4, which is mounted on a moving body,
The Y axis is a height direction of the moving body, the X axis is a lateral width direction of the moving body, and the Z axis is a length direction of the moving body,
Using the windshield of the moving body as an optical combiner, an image displayed by the display device is displayed on the optical combiner.
The transmissive member is a display device in which a reference axis of the concave surface is inclined to the opposite side of the optical combiner in the YZ plane with respect to the Y-axis direction.   A moving body comprising the display device according to claim 1. A projection apparatus comprising an opening for emitting a light beam forming an image to be projected to the outside,
The opening is provided with a transmission member through which the light flux is transmitted,
The emission surface side of the transmission member is a concave surface,
When the axis of symmetry when a parabola is drawn is defined as the reference axis of the concave surface, the shape of the concave surface is a non-arc shape whose curvature becomes gentler as the distance from the reference axis is further away from the parabola.   The projection device according to claim 9, wherein the shape of the concave surface is an extreme value at an intersection of the concave surface and the reference axis. An observer who views the image has a vertical direction of an image projected by the projection apparatus as a Y axis, a horizontal direction as an X axis, and an axis perpendicular to an XY plane expressed by the X axis and the Y axis as a Z axis. If the side is defined as the + Z direction,
The exit surface of the transmission member is a concave surface in the YZ plane,
The projection device according to claim 10, wherein the extreme value of the concave surface is located on a side close to an end portion on the opposite side to the observer in the concave surface. An observer who views the image has a vertical direction of an image projected by the projection apparatus as a Y axis, a horizontal direction as an X axis, and an axis perpendicular to an XY plane expressed by the X axis and the Y axis as a Z axis. If the side is defined as the + Z direction,
The exit surface of the transmission member is a concave surface in the YZ plane,
The projection device according to claim 9, wherein the transmissive member is arranged such that a reference axis of the concave surface is inclined to the + Z side with respect to the Y-axis direction.   The light-shielding member that shields light so that at least part of the light beam from the outside does not reach the concave surface is disposed on an optical path where the light beam from the outside of the projection device reaches the concave surface. The projection apparatus in any one. The projection device according to claim 11 mounted on a moving body,
The Y axis is a height direction of the moving body, the X axis is a lateral width direction of the moving body, and the Z axis is a length direction of the moving body,
Using the windshield of the moving body as an optical combiner, an image projected by the projection device on the optical combiner is formed,
The projection apparatus, wherein the extreme value of the concave surface is located on a side closer to the optical combiner in the concave surface. The projection device according to claim 12 mounted on a moving body,
The Y axis is a height direction of the moving body, the X axis is a lateral width direction of the moving body, and the Z axis is a length direction of the moving body,
Using the windshield of the moving body as an optical combiner, an image projected by the projection device on the optical combiner is formed,
The transmissive member is a projection apparatus in which a reference axis of the concave surface is inclined to the opposite side of the optical combiner in the YZ plane with respect to the Y-axis direction.   A moving body comprising the projection device according to claim 9.