JP2018061378A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dynamo-electric machine which can ensure the number of turns of an induction coil and a field coil, and can use the spatial harmonic components more efficiently.SOLUTION: A dynamo-electric machine 1 includes an axial gap rotor 3 arranged in the axial direction of a stator 2 and facing the stator 2 with a gap, and a radial gap rotor 5 arranged on the radial inside or outside of the stator 2 with a gap and facing the stator 2. The axial gap rotor 3 has an induction coil 23 for inducing an induction current based on the magnetic flux generated in the stator 2. The radial gap rotor 5 has permanent magnets 33 provided in the radial gap rotor teeth 32, respectively, magnetic path members 34 arranged between adjoining radial gap rotor teeth 32, and a field coil 35 wound around the magnetic path members 34 and generating a magnetic field when energized with an induction current induced by the induction coil 23.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  Embodiments according to the present invention relate to a rotating electrical machine.

  2. Description of the Related Art A rotating electric machine that obtains a magnet torque without using an external power supply by using a spatial harmonic component generated in an armature coil is known.

  A conventional rotating electrical machine is a so-called axial gap type, and includes two rotors that are driven to rotate around a motor shaft, and a stator that is sandwiched between the two rotors in the axial direction of the shaft. The stator includes a plurality of armature coils arranged around the shaft, and each of the rotors rectifies an induction current generated in the induction coil and a plurality of induction coils and a plurality of field coils arranged around the shaft. And a diode to be supplied to the field coil.

  In a conventional rotating electrical machine, a spatial harmonic component is superimposed on a magnetic flux interlinked from a stator core to a rotor core. For this reason, the two rotors generate an induction current in the induction coil by utilizing the change in magnetic flux density of the spatial harmonic component of the magnetic flux linked from the stator, and supply this current to the field coil to generate a magnetomotive force. Have gained.

  The conventional rotating electric machine interlinks the magnetic flux generated by the field coil from the end face of the rotor core to the end face of the stator core, and obtains a magnet torque separately from the magnetic flux of the armature coil that generates the main rotational force. Assists the rotational drive of two rotors.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-119791

  In a conventional rotating electrical machine, an induction coil and a field coil are separately provided to reduce magnetic interference that occurs when both coils are used as one coil.

  However, since the conventional rotating electrical machine winds the induction coil and the field coil around the same rotor teeth, the number of turns of the coil is limited.

  Since both the induced current and the magnetomotive force are proportional to the number of turns of the coil, the restriction on the number of turns of the coil restricts the use of spatial harmonic components.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine that can easily secure the number of turns of an induction coil and a field coil, and that can more efficiently use a spatial harmonic component.

  In order to solve the above problems, a rotating electrical machine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cylindrical stator, an axial gap rotor that is disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and faces the stator with a gap therebetween. A radial gap rotor disposed inside or outside in the radial direction of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween, and the stator is provided on the stator core at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core. A plurality of stator teeth arranged and an armature coil wound around the stator core or the stator teeth, wherein the axial gap rotor faces the stator core and is arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core. Axial gap rotor teeth and the above-mentioned axis An induction coil that is wound around a gap rotor tooth and induces an induction current based on a magnetic flux generated in the stator, and the radial gap rotor is provided on the radial gap rotor core that faces the stator core, and the radial gap rotor core A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor core, a permanent magnet provided in each of the radial gap rotor teeth, and a magnetic path disposed between the adjacent radial gap rotor teeth And a field coil that is wound around the magnetic path member and generates a magnetic field when the induced current flows.

  The rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a cylindrical stator, an axial gap rotor that is disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and faces the stator with a gap, and a diameter of the stator. A radial gap rotor that is arranged on the inner side or the outer side and faces the stator with a gap therebetween, and the stator is provided with a stator core and a plurality of stator teeth that are provided on the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core. And the stator core or the armature coil wound around the stator teeth, wherein the radial gap rotor faces the stator core and is arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the radial gap rotor Magnets wound around the teeth and generated by the stator An induction coil for inducing an induction current based on the axial gap rotor, the axial gap rotor core facing the stator core, and provided at the axial gap rotor core at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core. A plurality of aligned axial gap rotor teeth, a permanent magnet provided in each of the axial gap rotor teeth, a magnetic path member disposed between adjacent axial gap rotor teeth, and the induction wound around the magnetic path member And a field coil that generates a magnetic field when an electric current flows.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is easy to ensure the winding number of an induction coil and a field coil, and can provide the rotary electric machine which can utilize a spatial harmonic component more efficiently by extension.

The figure which looked at the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction in alignment with a rotating shaft. The figure which looked at the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction orthogonal to a rotating shaft. The perspective view of the stator of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The perspective view of the stator core of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The figure which looked at the axial gap rotor of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction in alignment with a rotating shaft. The figure which looked at the axial gap rotor of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the direction orthogonal to a rotating shaft. The cross-sectional view of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The circuit diagram of the dielectric coil and field coil of the rotary electric machine which concern on embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows schematically the change of the magnetic flux which the field coil of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention produces. The figure which shows schematically the change of the magnetic flux which the field coil of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention produces. The cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The figure which shows schematically the change of the magnetic flux which the field coil of the other example of the rotary electric machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention produces.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a view of a rotating electrical machine according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from a direction along a rotation axis.

  FIG. 2 is a view of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment has a substantially cylindrical appearance. The rotating electrical machine 1 includes a cylindrical stator 2, an axial gap rotor 3 that is disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator 2 and faces the stator 2 with a gap G1 therebetween, and a radially inner side or outer side of the stator 2 And a radial gap rotor 5 facing the stator 2 with a gap G2 therebetween. That is, the rotating electrical machine 1 has both so-called axial gap type and radial gap type structures.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram of a so-called inner rotor type rotating electrical machine 1 including a radial gap rotor 5 disposed on the radially inner side of the stator 2. FIG. 2 is a view of the rotating electrical machine 1 including a pair of axial gap rotors 3 that sandwich the stator 2 from both the axial directions of the stator 2.

  Further, the rotating electrical machine 1 includes a rotating shaft 6 disposed along the center line of the stator 2. The rotating shaft 6 integrally supports a pair of axial gap rotors 3 sandwiching the stator 2. The rotating shaft 6 supports the radial gap rotor 5 in the stator 2 so as to rotate together. That is, the rotating shaft 6 supports the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5 so as to rotate together. The axial gap rotor 3, the radial gap rotor 5, and the rotating shaft 6 rotate around the center line of the stator 2. The rotary shaft 6 is rotatably supported by a stator 2 or a casing 7 that accommodates the stator 2, the radial gap rotor 5, and the axial gap rotor 3 via a bearing (not shown).

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the stator of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the stator core of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, the stator 2 of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment is provided on the cylindrical stator core 11 and the stator core 11, and in the circumferential direction of the stator core 11. A plurality of stator teeth 12 arranged at equal intervals, and an armature coil 13 wound around the stator core 11 or the stator teeth 12 are provided.

  The stator core 11 is made of a high permeability magnetic material. The surfaces facing the center line direction of the stator core 11, that is, the top surface and the bottom surface are referred to as axial surfaces, and the surfaces facing the radial direction of the stator core 11, that is, the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface are referred to as radial surfaces.

  A plurality of, for example, twelve stator teeth 12 are arranged radially. The stator teeth 12 are integrally molded from the same material as the stator core 11. A pair of adjacent stator teeth 12 defines a status lot. In other words, the status lot is a space sandwiched between the side surfaces of the adjacent stator teeth 12.

  Each stator tooth 12 includes a first tooth portion 15 that protrudes from two axial surfaces of the stator core 11 and a second tooth portion 16 that protrudes from the radial surface of the stator core 11. The first teeth portion 15 has a substantially hexagonal columnar appearance that narrows outward and inward from the central portion of the thickness of the stator core 11. The second tooth portion 16 has a trapezoidal shape that matches the shape inside the first tooth portion 15 and narrows toward the center line of the stator core 11. The second teeth portion 16 extends on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 11 in the longitudinal direction, that is, in a direction parallel to the center line of the stator core 11.

  The armature coil 13 is connected to a three-phase AC power supply (not shown). The armature coil 13 is arranged in the status lot and is wound around the stator core 11. Armature coils 13a, 13b, and 13c connected to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, respectively, are, for example, four poles arranged in parallel in a toroidal manner. The armature coil 13 of each phase sandwiches the stator teeth 12 from both sides. The armature coil 13 may be wound around the stator teeth 12.

  The stator 2 generates magnetic flux when AC power is applied to the armature coil 13, and the magnetic flux is linked from the axial surface of the stator core 11 to the axial gap rotor 3, and from the radial surface of the stator core 11 to the radial gap rotor 5. Interlink. The stator teeth 12 function as electromagnets that generate magnetic flux that rotates the radial gap rotor 5 when AC power is supplied to the armature coil 13.

  FIG. 5 is a view of the axial gap rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from the direction along the rotation axis.

  FIG. 6 is a view of the axial gap rotor of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention as seen from the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, the axial gap rotor 3 of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment faces the nonmagnetic member 21 and the stator core 11 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. A plurality of aligned axial gap rotor teeth 22 and an induction coil 23 that induces an induced current based on a magnetic flux that is wound around the axial gap rotor teeth 22 and is generated in the stator 2 are provided.

  The axial gap rotor 3 is obtained by integrating a nonmagnetic member 21, a plurality of axial gap rotor teeth 22, and an induction coil 23, for example, by curing resin.

  The nonmagnetic member 21 is made of a nonmagnetic material such as a nonmagnetic metal (for example, aluminum) or a resin. Axial gap rotor teeth 22 are attached to the nonmagnetic member 21, and the relative positions of the plurality of axial gap rotor teeth 22 are determined. Magnetic resistance between the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor and between the plurality of axial gap rotor teeth is increased by the nonmagnetic member 21 (and resin).

    A plurality of, for example, eight axial gap rotor teeth 22 have segment structures arranged radially to guide the second harmonic component. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 are short rods having a substantially trapezoidal cross section, and the short sides of the trapezoid are arranged on the radially inner side, and the long sides of the trapezoid are arranged on the radially outer side. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 are made of a magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 extend in a direction parallel to the center line of the rotation shaft 6.

  The induction coil 23 is concentratedly wound around the axial gap rotor teeth 22. The induction coil 23 is not connected to an external power source. The induction coil 23 wound for each axial gap rotor tooth 22 is connected in series in the entire axial gap rotor 3. Note that the induction coil 23 does not have to be wound around all the axial gap rotor teeth 22, and may be wound around at least one of the axial gap rotor teeth 22.

  The rotating electrical machine 1 sets the ratio of the number of salient poles on the axial surface of the stator 2 (that is, the number of first tooth portions 15) to the number of cores of the induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3 to 3: 2, Use spatial harmonic components efficiently as a field energy source.

  Since the nonmagnetic member 21 is interposed between the axial gap rotor teeth 22 having the segment structure and the radial gap rotor 5, the second-order spatial harmonic component interferes with the magnetic path of the fundamental magnetic flux of the radial gap rotor 5. do not do.

  In addition, since the nonmagnetic member 21 and the resin are interposed between the plurality of axial cap rotor teeth 22, the magnetic path of the fundamental wave magnetic flux is not formed, and the magnetic path of only the second spatial harmonic component is formed. Therefore, the drag torque on the axial surface (also called “brake torque”) is greatly reduced. The axial gap rotor teeth 22 having a segment structure suppress the iron loss caused by the linkage of magnetic fluxes by minimizing the magnetic path.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a quarter of the rotating electrical machine 1, that is, a 90-degree region, but the other regions have the same structure.

  As shown in FIG. 7 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, the radial gap rotor 5 of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment includes a radial gap rotor core 31 facing the stator core 11, and a radial gap rotor 31 provided on the radial gap rotor core 31. A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth 32 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 31, a permanent magnet 33 provided in each of the radial gap rotor teeth 32, and a magnetic path member disposed between the adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32 34 and a field coil 35 that generates a magnetic field when an induced current that is wound around the magnetic path member 34 and induced by the induction coil 23 is energized.

  The radial gap rotor 3 and the axial gap rotor 5 are integrally formed, or are combined through a rotating shaft 6 and are integrally rotated.

  A plurality of, for example, eight radial gap rotor teeth 32 are arranged radially. The radial gap rotor teeth 32 extend outward in the radial direction of the radial gap rotor 5. The radial gap rotor teeth 32 are made of a magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability. The numbers of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the stator teeth 12 are different. Therefore, when the stator core 11 and the radial gap rotor 5 rotate relatively, the outer peripheral surface of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 is appropriately close to and faces the inner peripheral surface of the stator teeth 12.

  A pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32 defines a rotor slot. The rotor slot is a space sandwiched between side surfaces of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The permanent magnet 33 is embedded in the radial gap rotor teeth 32. Two permanent magnets 33 are arranged for each radial gap rotor tooth 32. The two permanent magnets 33 are arranged in a single character type. A bridge portion 36 is provided between the two permanent magnets 33. The two permanent magnets 33 may be arranged in a V shape.

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32 has a tip 51 that is disposed closer to the stator 2 than the permanent magnet 33. The tip 51 is a magnetic path through which magnetic flux passes between the permanent magnet 33 and the magnetic path member 34 and between the permanent magnet 33 and the stator teeth 12 (second teeth portion 16). The tip 51 corresponds to the protruding end of the radial gap rotor teeth 32. Of the radial gap rotor teeth 32, the root side from the tip 51, that is, the side farther from the stator 2 than the tip 51 extends with a substantially uniform width dimension. The tip 51 has an arcuate outer peripheral surface having a radius from the center of the radial gap rotor 5. The tip 51 has a shape protruding toward the magnetic path member 34 from the permanent magnet 33. Specifically, it has a protrusion 51a that extends beyond the width of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and enters the rotor slot in a wedge shape.

  The magnetic path member 34 and the field coil 35 are disposed in the rotor slot.

  The magnetic path member 34 is made of a magnetic material having a high magnetic permeability. The magnetic path member 34 extends parallel to the rotational center of the radial gap rotor 5. The magnetic path member 34 forms a magnetic path (hereinafter simply referred to as “magnetic path” or “bypass magnetic path”) that short-circuits between the tip portions 51 of a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The magnetic path member 34 includes a base portion 61 around which the field coil 35 is wound, and a protruding portion 62 that extends toward at least one tip portion 51 of a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32. A gap G <b> 3 is provided between the tip 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the protrusion 62 of the magnetic path member 34.

  The base 61 has a plate shape around which the field coil 35 can be wound. The base 61 extends in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor 5 so as to extend in parallel with the rotational center of the radial gap rotor 5 and to be spanned between a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The projecting portion 62 extends from the circumferential end of the base portion 61 toward the distal end portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32.

  The gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 34 is wider than the gap G4 between the stator teeth 12 (second teeth portion 16) and the radial gap rotor core 31. The gap G3 is the shortest distance between the protrusion 51a of the tip 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the protrusion 62 of the magnetic path member 34. The gap G4 is the shortest distance between the innermost peripheral surface of the second tooth portion 16 of the stator 2 and the outermost peripheral surface of the tip portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32, and substantially the stator 2 and the radial gap rotor 5 It is the same as the gap G2.

  When the gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 34 is separated by a gap (air), the magnetic path member 34 is fixed to the radial gap rotor core 31 at each end in the axial direction of the radial gap rotor core 31. The The gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32 and the magnetic path member 34 may be filled with a non-magnetic material such as a resin instead of a gap. In this case, the magnetic path member 34 is fixed to the radial gap rotor core 31 with a resin filling the gap G3.

  The permanent magnet 33 is installed with the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) in a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32 facing in reverse. In other words, in the permanent magnet 33, the polarities of those adjacent to each other across the magnetic path member 34 are opposite. On the entire circumference of the radial gap rotor 5, the permanent magnet 33 is installed with the magnetic poles (N pole, S pole) alternately turned in reverse for each radial gap rotor tooth 32. Focusing on a certain stator tooth 12 (second tooth portion 16), when the radial gap rotor 5 and the stator 2 rotate relative to each other, the N pole and the S pole of the permanent magnet 33 are alternately repeated repeatedly. Face the two teeth 16).

  The field coil 35 is concentratedly wound around the base 61 of the magnetic path member 34. The field coil 35 is wound in a direction to short-circuit the magnetic path between a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32. The field coil 35 is wound in the radial direction of the radial gap rotor 5. The field coil 35 wound for each magnetic path member 34 is connected in series in the radial gap rotor 5 as a whole. Note that the field coil 35 may be connected in parallel or may be provided with a separate circuit.

  FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a dielectric coil and a field coil of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the rotating electrical machine 1 according to this embodiment supplies an AC induced current generated in the induction coil 23 to the field coil 35 as a DC field current. The rotating electrical machine 1 causes a field current to flow through the field coil 35 and causes the magnetic path member 34 to function as an electromagnet. The induction coil 23 a is, for example, the induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3 disposed on one side of the stator 2 in the axial direction, and the induction coil 23 b is, for example, an axial gap rotor disposed on the other side of the stator 2 in the axial direction. 3 induction coils 23.

  The induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are connected via diodes 71a and 71b. In other words, the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are incorporated together with the diodes 71a and 71b in a closed circuit that is not connected to a circuit such as an external power source as an induction circuit and a field circuit.

  In this closed circuit, the AC induced current generated in the induction coil 23 is half-wave rectified via the diodes 71 a and 71 b to be adjusted to a DC field current, and then merged and supplied to the field coil 35.

  The diodes 71a and 71b are connected so as to have a phase difference of 180 degrees, and constitute a neutral-point clamp type half-wave rectifier circuit that inverts the induction current of the induction coil 23 and outputs half-wave rectification.

  As described above, the rotating electrical machine 1 includes the stator 2 that is toroidally concentratedly wound, the axial gap rotor 3 that has the induction coil 23 disposed on the axial surface of the stator 2, and the field coil 35 that is disposed on the radial surface of the stator 2. A radial gap rotor 5. The rotating electrical machine 1 configured as described above generates magnetic flux by energizing the armature coil 13 of the stator 2. This magnetic flux interlinks with the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion 51 of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 facing from the radial surface of the stator teeth 12. The rotating electrical machine 1 uses a reluctance torque that tries to minimize the magnetic path of the magnetic flux linked between the stator teeth 12 and the radial gap rotor teeth 32, and a magnetic repulsion force of the permanent magnet 33 and a magnet torque due to a magnet attraction force. The radial gap rotor 5 is rotated. The rotating electrical machine 1 outputs mechanical energy from the rotating shaft 6 that rotates integrally with the radial gap rotor 5.

  By the way, when a general fixed field type permanent magnet synchronous motor is driven at a high speed, a counter electromotive force (also referred to as stator winding induced electromotive force or speed electromotive force) due to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet increases. . Therefore, voltage limit control using an inverter, so-called weakening magnetic flux control, is performed so that the voltage of the back electromotive force does not exceed the power supply voltage. This weakening magnetic flux control generates a vector that cancels the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet in the direction of the magnetic flux vector that does not contribute to torque. Therefore, the flux-weakening control requires useless energy that does not contribute to the output of the motor and reduces efficiency. Further, the flux weakening control greatly distorts the magnetic flux in the gap between the stator and the rotor, generates a harmonic component, increases iron loss, and increases electromagnetic vibration. Further, the flux weakening control generates a reverse magnetic field vector facing the permanent magnet to suppress the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, so that a magnet having a relatively high coercive force is required and the cost is increased.

  In the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment, the harmonic component is superimposed on the magnetic flux interlinking from the stator tooth 12 to the radial gap rotor tooth 32. The harmonic component superimposed on the magnetic flux of the fundamental frequency is linked to the axial gap rotor teeth 22 while changing in time with a period different from the fundamental frequency.

  Therefore, the rotating electrical machine 1 generates an induction current in the induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3 by using the change in the magnetic flux density of the harmonic component of the magnetic flux interlinking from the stator 2 to the axial gap rotor 3. That is, the induction coil 23 efficiently generates an induction current without using external power by using the second harmonic component. As a result, the rotating electrical machine 1 collects harmonic components that cause iron loss as energy for self-excitation.

  9 and 10 are diagrams schematically showing a change in magnetic flux generated by the field coil of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  9 and 10 show the magnetic flux generated in the radial gap rotor 5 by arrows and omit the magnetic flux generated in the stator 2.

  FIG. 9 shows a state when the rotating electrical machine 1 is rotating at a low speed, and FIG. 10 shows a state when the rotating electrical machine 1 is rotating at a high speed.

  The rotating electrical machine 1 rectifies the induced current generated by the induction coil 23 with the diodes 71a and 71b, and flows the rectified induced current through the field coil 35 as a field current. The field coil 35 is self-excited when a field current flows, and forms a magnetic pole in the magnetic path member 34, that is, the bypass magnetic path. The induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil 23 increases with an increase in the rotation speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 based on Faraday's law, that is, has a positive correlation. FIG. 9 illustrates a state in which the rotating electrical machine 1 rotates at a low speed and the induced electromotive force is small, and thus the illustration of the field current (or the electromotive force of the field coil) is omitted. On the other hand, FIG. 10 illustrates a field current (or an electromotive force of a field coil) because the rotating electrical machine 1 rotates at a low speed and the induced electromotive force is large. Since the induced electromotive force generated in the induction coil 23 increases as the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 increases, the field coil 35 increases the magnetic force of the magnetic path member 34 as the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 1 increases, and the adjacent radial The magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 33 (33a, 33b) embedded in the gap rotor teeth 32 (32a, 32b) is short-circuited in the radial gap rotor 5 to form a Halbach array. As a result, the rotating electrical machine 1 changes the amount of magnetic flux linked to the stator 2 according to the change in the rotational speed. In other words, the rotating electrical machine 1 varies the amount of magnetic flux linked to the stator 2 in accordance with the change in rotational speed. 9 and 10 show the influence of the magnetic force of the magnetic path member 34 by the thickness of the arrow. Since the rotating electrical machine 1 varies the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the stator 2, when the magnetic flux amount interlinked with the stator 2 is expressed as “φ”, the stator terminal voltage V = the number of armature coil turns N × dφ / dt. The increase of the stator terminal voltage V can be prevented.

  Therefore, the rotating electrical machine 1 controls the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the stator 2 to prevent the stator terminal voltage V from increasing, and hence the field weakening control can be made unnecessary. The rotating electrical machine 1 significantly reduces motor electromagnetic vibration caused by field weakening control. And the rotary electric machine 1 increases the output at the time of high rotation, and improves efficiency.

  Moreover, since the rotary electric machine 1 increases the magnetic force of the magnetic path member 34 according to the increase in the rotation speed and uses this magnetic force for short-circuiting the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33, it is particularly suitable in a high rotation region where the induced electromotive force increases. It is.

  Note that the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5 do not always need to be rotationally integrated as long as the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are electrically connected.

  Next, another example of the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. In the rotary electric machines 1A, 1B, and 1C described in each example, the same components as those of the rotary electric machine 1 of FIGS. 1 to 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the rotating electrical machine 1 </ b> A according to the present embodiment includes a radial gap rotor tooth 32 </ b> A that extends from the center side of the radial gap rotor 5 with a substantially uniform width dimension, and a magnetic path member 34 </ b> A. .

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32A extend from the base to the projecting end, that is, the front end portion 51A with a substantially uniform width dimension from the center side of the radial gap rotor 5.

  The magnetic path member 34A includes a base portion 61 around which the induction coil 23 is wound, and a protruding portion 62A extending toward the distal end portion 51A of a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32A. The protrusion 62A of the magnetic path member 34A also serves as the protrusion 51a of the tip 51 in FIG.

  FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the rotating electrical machine 1B according to the present embodiment includes a radial gap rotor teeth 32B and a magnetic path member 34B.

  The magnetic path member 34B has a base 61 around which the induction coil 23 is wound.

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32B have a tip 51B that extends toward the base 61 of the magnetic path member 34B. The tip 51B of the radial gap rotor teeth 32B also serves as the protrusion 62 of the magnetic path member 34 in FIG.

  FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the rotating electrical machine 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment includes a radial gap rotor teeth 32 </ b> C that is asymmetric in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor 5, and a magnetic path member 34 </ b> C.

  The radial gap rotor teeth 32C have a structure similar to that of FIG. 11 in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor 5 and in FIG. 13 in the clockwise direction. 13 has the same structure as FIG. 12 in the counterclockwise direction.

  The magnetic path member 34C has a structure similar to that of FIG. 12 in the circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor 5 and in FIG. 13 in the clockwise direction. Then, it has the same structure as FIG. 11 in the counterclockwise direction.

  Half of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 </ b> C in the clockwise direction extends from the base to the projecting end, that is, the front end 51 </ b> C with a substantially uniform width dimension from the center side of the radial gap rotor 5.

  Half of the magnetic path member 34C in the counterclockwise direction includes a base portion 61 around which the induction coil 23 is wound, and a protruding portion 62C extending toward the distal end portion 51C of a pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32C. The protrusion 62C of the magnetic path member 34C also serves as the protrusion 51a of the tip 51 in FIG.

  Half of the magnetic path member 34C in the clockwise direction has a base 61 around which the induction coil 23 is wound.

  The counterclockwise half of the radial gap rotor teeth 32 </ b> C has a tip 51 </ b> C extending toward the base 61 of the magnetic path member 34 </ b> C. The tip 51C of the radial gap rotor teeth 32C also serves as the protrusion 62 of the magnetic path member 34 in FIG.

  The rotating electrical machine 1 </ b> C in FIG. 13 is suitable when rotating only in one of the clockwise and counterclockwise directions in FIG. 13. The rotating electrical machine 1C is also suitable for changing the characteristics of normal rotation and reverse rotation.

  The rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to this embodiment configured as described above wind the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 around separate rotors (that is, the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5). Therefore, compared with the case where the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are wound around the same rotor as in a conventional rotating electric machine, a larger area for winding each coil can be secured. This increases the number of turns of each of the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 and increases the utilization efficiency of the spatial harmonics.

  Further, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment have a magnetic path member 34 as a magnetic flux bypass circuit of the permanent magnet 33 between the adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32 </ b> A, 32 </ b> B, and 32 </ b> C. Since 34A, 34B, and 34C are arranged, the location where the permanent magnet 33 is arranged is larger than the case where the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32A, 32B, and 32C are provided with a gap as a flux barrier to form a bypass circuit. Can be secured. When a bypass circuit is formed by providing flux barriers on the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32A, 32B, 32C, a smaller permanent magnet 33 is disposed instead of securing a field coil 35 placement location. Instead of ensuring the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32A, 32B, 32C wide in the circumferential direction by adopting the permanent magnet 33 or arranging the permanent magnet 33 of the same size, the number of turns of the field coil 35 You will have to reduce or reduce.

  Furthermore, since the rotating electrical machines 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present embodiment wind the field coil 35 around the magnetic path members 34, 34A, 34B, and 34C, when the field coil 35 is wound around a permanent magnet. In comparison, there is no magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet, the magnetic flux of the field coil 35 can easily pass, and the magnetic flux can be generated efficiently.

  Furthermore, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present embodiment have the gap G3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32A, 32B, and 32C and the magnetic path members 34, 34A, 34B, and 34C. The heat generated in the field coil 35 wound around the path members 34, 34A, 34B, 34C is difficult to be transmitted to the permanent magnets 33 embedded in the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32A, 32B, 32C, and the magnetism of the permanent magnets 33 due to thermal influences. The deterioration of the characteristics can be prevented.

  Further, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment have the gap G <b> 3 between the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32 </ b> A, 32 </ b> B, and 32 </ b> C and the magnetic path members 34, 34 </ b> A, 34 </ b> B, 34 </ Since the distance G4 between the radial gap rotor core 31 and the radial gap rotor core 31 is wider, the magnetic resistance between the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32A, 32B, and 32C and the magnetic path members 34, 34A, 34B, and 34C is smaller than the stator core 11 and the radial gap rotor core 31. And greater than the magnetoresistance. This reduces the short circuit of the magnetic flux between the permanent magnets 33 via the magnetic path members 34, 34A, 34B, and 34C at the time of low rotation with a small field current flowing through the field coil 35, and suppresses a decrease in torque.

  Furthermore, since the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment include the field coil 35 wound in the radial direction of the radial gap rotor 5, the rotor having a large number of poles, that is, the radial gap rotor. Even in the radial gap rotor 5 having a large number of teeth 32, 32A, 32B, and 32C and a narrow rotor slot, the space factor of the field coil 35 can be increased.

  Furthermore, in the rotating electrical machines 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 33 and the magnetic path members 34, 34A, 34B, and 34C that are electromagnets are arranged in a Halbach array. The magnetic flux is easily applied to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33.

  In addition, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment extend from the base portion 61 around which the induction coil 23 is wound toward at least one distal end portion 51 of the pair of adjacent radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32 </ b> A, and 32 </ b> C. By providing the magnetic path members 34, 34A, and 34C having the protrusions 62, 62A, and 62C, the degree of freedom of arrangement of the field coil 35 can be increased. The magnetic path members 34, 34A, and 34C can increase the space factor of the field coil 35 by disposing the base 61 substantially at the center in the radial direction of the rotor slot. At this time, the base 61 of the magnetic path members 34, 34 </ b> A, 34 </ b> C and the distal end portions 51, 51 </ b> A, 51 </ b> C of the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32 </ b> A, 32 </ b> C are separated in the radial direction of the radial gap rotor 5. . Therefore, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1B, and 1C are provided with the protrusions 62 on the magnetic path members 34, 34B, and 34C, so that the base 61 and the distal end portions 51, 51A, and 51C of the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32A, and 32C are connected. The separation distance, that is, the gap G3 can be easily adjusted.

  Further, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment have tip portions 51 that have a shape that protrudes toward the magnetic path members 34, 34 </ b> B, and 34 </ b> C from the radial gap rotor teeth 32, 32 </ b> B, and 32 </ b> C rather than the permanent magnet 33. , 51B, 51C, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 33 can be easily formed in the bypass magnetic path along the magnetic flux lines.

  FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Note that the rotating electrical machines 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present embodiment are not limited to the inner rotor type in which the radial gap rotor 5 is disposed inside the stator 2 as shown in FIGS. 1 to 13, but as shown in FIG. Alternatively, an outer rotor type in which the radial gap rotor 5 is disposed outside the stator 2 may be used.

  In this case, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C are disposed in at least one of the cylindrical stator 2 and the axial direction of the stator 2, and the axial gap rotor 3 that faces the stator 2 with a gap G <b> 1 therebetween. The radial gap rotor 5 is disposed outside the stator 2 in the radial direction and faces the stator 2 with a gap G2 therebetween. The second tooth portion 16 of the stator 2 has a trapezoidal shape that matches the outer shape of the first tooth portion 15 and narrows toward the center line of the stator core 11. The second teeth portion 16 extends on the outer peripheral surface of the stator core 11 in the longitudinal direction, that is, in a direction parallel to the center line of the stator core 11. The radial gap rotor teeth 32 extend inward in the radial direction of the radial gap rotor 5.

  In addition, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment are axial gap rotor cores formed of the same material as the axial gap rotor teeth 22 instead of the nonmagnetic member 21 or separately from the nonmagnetic member 21. May be provided. In this case, the axial gap rotor core and the axial gap rotor teeth 22 can be integrally formed, and the manufacturing cost and the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced.

  The rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment include a nonmagnetic member 21 and an induction coil 23 of the axial gap rotor 3, a radial gap rotor core 31 of the radial gap rotor 5, a field coil 35, and a permanent magnet. 33 and the magnetic path member 34 may be interchanged. That is, the radial gap rotor 5 of the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C faces the nonmagnetic member 21 and the stator core 11, and a plurality of radial gap rotor teeth 32 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. An induction coil 23 for inducing an induced current based on the magnetic flux generated in the stator 2, and the axial gap rotor 3 is provided on the axial gap rotor core 21 facing the stator core 11 and the axial gap rotor core 21. A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth 22 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the gap rotor core 21, a permanent magnet 33 provided in each of the axial gap rotor teeth 22, and a magnetic path disposed between adjacent axial gap rotor teeth 22 Part 34, a field coil 35 for generating a magnetic field flows induced current induction coil 23 wound around the magnetic path member 34 was induced, it may have a. Even in this case, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment are formed of the same material as the axial gap rotor teeth 22 instead of the nonmagnetic member 21 or separately from the nonmagnetic member 21. An axial gap rotor core may be provided.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing a change in magnetic flux generated by the field coil of another example of the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Furthermore, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 A, 1 B, and 1 C according to the present embodiment use the magnetomotive force of the field coil 35 in a direction that weakens the magnetic flux of the armature coil 13 and the permanent magnet 33 as shown in FIG. Not limited. If there is no restriction on the power supply voltage of the inverter, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13 and the permanent magnet 33 may be used in the direction of increasing the magnetic flux. In this case, the field coil 35 is wound in the opposite direction to that of FIG.

  Furthermore, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment are not limited to those in which the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are divided into the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5. In the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment, a coil that serves both as the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 may be provided in each of the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5. In this case, the rotating electrical machines 1, 1 </ b> A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment wind coils that serve as the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 around separate rotors (that is, the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5). Therefore, compared with the case where the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35 are wound around the same rotor as in a conventional rotating electric machine, a larger area for winding each coil can be secured.

  Moreover, the rotary electric machines 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present embodiment have a structure that does not require energy to be input to the axial gap rotor 3 and the radial gap rotor 5 from the outside. It is suitable for mounting.

  Therefore, according to the rotating electrical machines 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the present invention, it is easy to secure the number of turns of the induction coil 23 and the field coil 35, and the space harmonic components can be used more efficiently. .

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A, 1B, 1C ... Rotary electric machine, 2 ... Stator, 3 ... Axial gap rotor, 5 ... Radial gap rotor, 6 ... Rotary shaft, 7 ... Casing, 11 ... Stator core, 12 ... Stator teeth 13, 13a, 13b , 13c ... armature coil, 15 ... first tooth portion, 16 ... second tooth portion, 21 ... nonmagnetic member, 22 ... axial gap rotor teeth, 23, 23a, 23b ... induction coil, 31 ... radial gap rotor core, 32 32A, 32B, 32C, 32a, 32b ... radial gap rotor teeth, 33, 33a, 33b ... permanent magnets, 34, 34A, 34B, 34C ... magnetic path members, 35 ... field coils, 35 ... field coils, 36 ... Bridge part, 51, 51A, 51B, 51C ... Tip part, 51a ... Projection part, 61 ... Base part, 62, 2A, 62C ... protruding portion, 71a, 71b ... diodes.

Claims (6)

A cylindrical stator;
An axial gap rotor disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween;
A radial gap rotor disposed on the radially inner side or the outer side of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween,
The stator is
A stator core;
A plurality of stator teeth provided in the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core;
An armature coil wound around the stator core or the stator teeth,
The axial gap rotor is
A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth facing the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core;
An induction coil that induces an induced current based on a magnetic flux that is wound around the axial gap rotor teeth and is generated in the stator, and
The radial gap rotor is
A radial gap rotor core facing the stator core;
A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth provided in the radial gap rotor core and arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the radial gap rotor core;
A permanent magnet provided in each of the radial gap rotor teeth;
A magnetic path member disposed between the radial gap rotor teeth adjacent to each other;
A rotating electric machine comprising: a field coil wound around the magnetic path member and generating a magnetic field when the induced current flows. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein an interval between the radial gap rotor teeth and the magnetic path member is wider than an interval between the stator teeth and the radial gap rotor core. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the field coil is wound in a radial direction of the radial gap rotor. The radial gap rotor teeth are arranged closer to the stator than the permanent magnets, and serve as magnetic paths through which magnetic flux passes between the permanent magnets and the magnetic path members, and between the permanent magnets and the stator teeth. The tip of
The permanent magnets are opposite in polarity between those adjacent to each other across the magnetic path member,
The said magnetic path member has the base part by which the said induction coil is wound, and the protrusion part extended toward the said front-end | tip part of at least one of a pair of said adjacent radial gap rotor teeth. Rotating electric machine. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 4, wherein the tip portion has a shape protruding toward the magnetic path member from the permanent magnet. A cylindrical stator;
An axial gap rotor disposed in at least one of the axial directions of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween;
A radial gap rotor disposed on the radially inner side or the outer side of the stator and facing the stator with a gap therebetween,
The stator is
A stator core;
A plurality of stator teeth provided in the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core;
An armature coil wound around the stator core or the stator teeth,
The radial gap rotor is
A plurality of radial gap rotor teeth facing the stator core and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction;
An induction coil that induces an induced current based on a magnetic flux that is wound around the radial gap rotor teeth and generated in the stator, and
The axial gap rotor is
An axial gap rotor core facing the stator core;
A plurality of axial gap rotor teeth provided in the axial gap rotor core and arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction of the axial gap rotor core;
A permanent magnet provided in each of the axial gap rotor teeth;
A magnetic path member disposed between the adjacent axial gap rotor teeth;
A rotating electric machine comprising: a field coil wound around the magnetic path member and generating a magnetic field when the induced current flows.

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