JP2018050519A - Filtration device - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To perform consistently from decomposition of organic matter to nitrification using a biological filter medium. A filtering device includes a case for circulating water therein, and a filtering material arranged in the case. The filtering material includes at least a biological filtering material, and the biological filtering is performed. The material 130 is a bacteria carrier in which Bacillus bacteria and at least one of Bradyrizobium bacteria, Sphingomonas bacteria, and Pseudomonas bacteria are supported on a base material as bacteria other than the Bacillus genus. [Selection] Figure 4C

Description

  The present invention relates to a filtering device and a filtering material for performing filtration to purify water in aquaculture tanks.

  In aquariums where aquatic organisms are bred, as a means of purifying water by removing organic matter such as excrement and residual food that causes water quality deterioration, physical filtration by filtering organic matter with a filter such as nonwoven fabric, fine particles such as activated carbon and zeolite There are adsorption filtration for adsorbing to a porous body and biological filtration for decomposing organic substances with bacteria. These filtration means are used alone or in combination.

  As a method for supplying bacteria into water, there is a method in which a filter medium with bacteria attached is put into a water tank, or a water filter is installed outside the water tank to circulate water (Patent Document 1, 2). Further, as a simple supply method without using equipment, there is a method of directly administering powder or liquid bacteria into water, and various powders or liquid bacteria are commercially available for general consumers (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). ).

  Bacteria can be broadly classified into organic matter-decomposing bacteria that mainly decompose organic matter into ammonia, and nitrifying bacteria that have a redox action and oxidize ammonia to nitrous acid and then to nitric acid. Nitric acid produced by nitrifying bacteria is finally released as nitrogen gas from the water to the atmosphere.

  Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus are known as the organic matter-degrading bacteria, and nitrosomonas bacteria and nitrobacter bacteria are known as nitrifying bacteria. Since these bacteria have different actions, two types of bacteria are recommended for quick water purification.

JP 2009-142211 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-131198

Product name “Sugoi-in-bacteria”, manufactured by Kotobuki Kogyo Co., Ltd., searched on June 30, 2016, Internet <URL: http://www.kotobuki-kogei.co.jp/product/?cid=68> Product name “SUPER BICOM78”, manufactured by Baicom Co., Ltd., searched on June 30, 2016, Internet <URL: http://www.bicom.co.jp/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3 % 83% 91% E3% 83% BC% E3% 83% 90% E3% 82% A4% E3% 82% B3% E3% 83% A078 /〉

  Since the physical filter material and the adsorbent filter material are inanimate, the filtration capacity is not lowered by long-term storage. However, since the bacteria as the biological filter medium are living organisms, the water purification capacity varies greatly depending on the environment during storage. Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, which are organic matter-degrading bacteria, are highly durable because they form spores, and the quality of the bacteria is relatively easy to maintain. However, the nitrifying bacteria of the genus Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter do not form spores, so that there is a problem that the activity of the bacteria decreases during storage and the nitrifying ability decreases. Also, using two types of bacteria together is troublesome in the storage and administration of the bacteria.

  In view of the above-described background art, an object of the present invention is to provide a filtration apparatus and a filtration medium that can perform consistently from decomposition of organic matter to nitrification using a biological filtration medium.

  That is, this invention has the structure as described in following [1]-[7].

[1] A filtration device comprising a case for circulating water inside and a filter medium disposed in the case,
The filter medium includes at least a biological filter medium,
The biological filter medium is a bacteria-carrying body in which Bacillus bacteria and one or more of Brasilizobium bacteria, Sphingomonas bacteria, and Pseudomonas bacteria are supported on a substrate as bacteria other than the Bacillus genus. A filtration device characterized by the above.

  [2] The filtration device according to item 1, wherein the Bacillus bacterium is one or more of Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus methylotrophicus.

  [3] The filtration apparatus according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the bacteria other than the genus Bacillus are Bradyrhizobium sp., Sphingomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp. And / or Pseudomonas saponiphila, Pseudomonas sp. And / or Pseudomonas resinovorans. .

  [4] The filtration device according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the substrate is a wood chip.

  [5] The filtration device according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the filter medium further includes a physical filter medium and / or an adsorption filter medium.

  [6] The filtration device according to [5], wherein the filter medium is an integral filter medium in which a cavity formed inside a physical filter medium is filled with a biological filter medium.

[7] A filter medium in which a biological filter medium is filled in a cavity formed inside a physical filter medium,
The biological filter medium is a bacteria-carrying substance in which a Bacillus bacterium and one or more of the bacteria belonging to the genus Brasilizobium, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas are supported on a substrate as bacteria other than the genus Bacillus. Characteristic filter media.

  Since the filtration apparatus described in [1] uses, as a biological filter material, a Bacillus bacterium having an organic matter decomposing ability and a bacteria carrier carrying a specific Bacillus other than the Bacillus having a nitrification ability, Decomposition and nitrification can be performed consistently. Moreover, since Bacillus bacteria form spores, they are highly conserved, and bacteria other than Bacillus also have high vitality and high preservation.

  The filtration device according to the above [2] is particularly excellent in organic matter decomposing ability.

  The filtration device described in [3] is particularly excellent in nitrification ability.

  In the filtration device according to the above [4], since the biological filter medium is a bacteria carrier in which bacteria are carried on a wood chip, it is suitable for long-term storage and can carry more bacteria and has a purification ability. Are better.

  In the filtration device according to the above [5], since a physical filtration material and / or an adsorption filtration material having different filtration actions are added to the biological filtration material, a higher purification capacity can be obtained.

  Since the filtration device described in [6] is a filtration material in which a physical filtration material and a biological filtration material are integrated, the filtration material can be easily exchanged.

  Since the physical filter medium and the biological filter medium are integrated in the filter medium described in [7], the filter medium can be easily exchanged.

It is a perspective view which shows the filtration apparatus which is embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the case of the filtration apparatus of FIG. It is a front view of the filtration apparatus of FIG. It is a top view of the filtration apparatus of FIG. It is a bottom view of the filtration apparatus of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the case equivalent to the 4A-4A line cross section of FIG. 3B. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a case corresponding to a cross section taken along line 4B-4B of FIG. 3B. It is the 4C-4C sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 3B. It is a perspective view which shows the 1st filter medium applied to the filtration apparatus of FIG.

  1-5 is a figure which shows the filtration apparatus and filter medium which are embodiment of this invention. As shown in these drawings, the present embodiment is an air lift type filtration device installed in water, and includes a case 110 and a filter medium 62 disposed in the case 110.

  In the following description, in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the lower side is referred to as “front side” and the upper side in FIG. 3B is referred to as “rear side” as viewed from the top view (plan view) of FIG. 3B. The right side and the left side are described as “right side” and “left side”.

[Case]
The case 110 has an outer wall formed by the base member 1 and the upper cover 2, and further includes a partition plate 3 and a drain pipe as a main part of the drain pipe 4 as basic components for an air lift. A main body 41 is arranged.

  The base member 1 has a bottom wall 11 having a substantially square shape in plan view, and a transparent upper-opening box shape having a peripheral side wall 15 integrally formed so as to extend upward from four peripheral sides at the peripheral edge of the bottom wall 11. It is constituted by a hard synthetic resin molded product. Concave steps 16 are formed on the left and right side walls of the peripheral side wall 15 so as to be recessed inward. Engaging pieces 17 extending upward are integrally formed in the recessed step portions 16 at both side edges of the bottom wall 11. Further, a retaining projection 18 is integrally formed on the outer surface of the upper end of the engagement piece 17. The peripheral side wall 15 is formed slightly inside the outer peripheral edge of the bottom wall 11, and a region outside the peripheral side wall 15 in the bottom wall 11 is configured as a flange 19.

  At the center of the bottom wall 11 inside the base member 1, a bubble generating means mounting cylindrical portion 12 is integrally formed so as to protrude upward. The tubular portion 12 is fitted with a lower end of a bubble generating means 5 constituted by a cylindrical porous member or the like whose upper end is closed.

  An air supply pipe insertion port 13 is formed at the lower end of the outer surface of one corner portion of the peripheral side wall 15 of the base member 1. Furthermore, a tunnel-like air supply path 14 is formed in the bottom wall 11 to connect the air supply pipe insertion port 13 and the bubble generating means mounting cylindrical portion 12 in communication. One side piece of an L-shaped air supply pipe 51 is inserted and fixed to the air supply pipe insertion port 13. When air is supplied into the air supply path 14 from an air pump (not shown) outside the water tank via an air supply tube (not shown) connected to the other side piece of the air supply pipe 51, the air is Fine bubbles are discharged through the pores of the bubble generating means 5. A cylindrical drain pipe base end portion 45 is integrally formed on the bottom wall 11 in the base member 1 so as to surround the bubble generating means mounting cylindrical portion 12 so as to protrude upward. A plurality of slit-shaped pipe water passage holes 46 extending in the vertical direction (vertical direction) are formed in the drain pipe base end portion 45 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. In the present embodiment, the drainage pipe 4 is constituted by the drainage pipe base end portion 45, the drainage pipe main body 41 and the drainage pipe distal end portion 48 described in detail later.

  On the inner surface of the peripheral side wall 15 in the base member 1, a plurality of rib support ribs 35 extending in the vertical direction (vertical direction) are formed at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction. The partition plate support rib 35 is formed such that the upper end position thereof is lower than the upper end position of the peripheral side wall 15 by the thickness of the partition plate 3. When the outer peripheral edge of the partition plate 3 is supported, the upper surface of the partition plate 3 and the upper end surface of the peripheral side wall 15 are arranged in the same plane (the same plane). Engaging claws 36 are integrally formed on both sides of the upper and lower side walls of the peripheral side wall 15 of the base member 1 so as to protrude inward. A plurality of slit-shaped water absorption holes 10 penetrating the bottom wall 11 are formed on the outer peripheral edge of the bottom wall 11 of the base member 1.

  The partition plate 3 has an outer peripheral shape corresponding to an upper end opening shape of the base member 1, and the upper end opening portion of the base member 1 can be closed by the partition plate 3 in an adapted state. Engaging recesses 31 are formed on both sides of the front edge and the rear edge of the partition plate 3 corresponding to the engaging claws 36 of the base member 1. In addition, a circular drain pipe mounting hole 32 is formed at the center of the partition plate 3, and positioning projections 33 are formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral end surface of the drain pipe mounting hole 32. Has been. Further, on the outside of the drainage pipe mounting hole 32 in the partition plate 3, a large number of water passage holes 30 are formed over almost the entire area.

  Then, the lower surface side of the outer peripheral edge portion of the partition plate 3 is supported by the upper end of the partition plate support rib 35 of the base member 1, and the engagement claw 36 of the base member 1 is elastically engaged with the engagement recess 31 of the partition plate 3. By engaging, the partition plate 3 is detachably attached to the base member 1 with its upper end opening closed. In this state where the partition plate 3 is attached, the lower surface of the outer peripheral edge portion of the drain pipe mounting hole 32 in the partition plate 3 is arranged in contact with the upper end portion of the drain pipe base end portion 45 of the base member 1. .

  The drain pipe main body 41 is formed in the shape of a truncated cone having a diameter that gradually decreases toward the top. A positioning flange 42 is formed on the outer periphery of the lower portion of the drain pipe main body 41. A portion (lower end portion) below the positioning flange 42 of the drain pipe main body 41 has an outer diameter dimension corresponding to an inner diameter dimension of the drain pipe base end portion 45 of the base member 1.

  Then, the lower end portion of the drain pipe main body 41 is fitted into the drain pipe base end portion 45 of the base member 1 through the drain pipe mounting hole 32 of the partition plate 3, so that the drain pipe main body 41 becomes the drain pipe base end portion. 45 is connected and fixed. In this connected state, the positioning flange 42 of the drain pipe main body 41 is engaged with the positioning projection 33 of the partition plate 3 so that the drain pipe main body 41 is positioned in the vertical direction.

  The upper cover 2 has an upper wall 21 having a substantially square shape in a plan view, and a transparent lower-opening box shape having a peripheral side wall 25 integrally formed so as to extend downward from the peripheral four sides at the peripheral edge of the upper wall 21. It is constituted by a hard synthetic resin molded product. In the center of the upper wall 21, a drain pipe tip 48 is integrally formed so that the diameter dimension gradually decreases toward the top. The lower end of the drain pipe tip 48 is opened inside the upper cover 2, and the upper end is opened above the upper cover 2. The upper end (tip) opening 23 in the drain pipe tip 48 functions as a drain port. The upper cover 2 is formed with a number of slit-like upper water absorption holes 20 at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction from the outer peripheral edge of the upper wall 21 to the upper part of the peripheral side wall 25. The inner peripheral shape of the lower end portion of the peripheral side wall 25 in the upper cover 2 is formed corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the peripheral side wall 15 of the base member 1, and the peripheral side wall 15 of the base member 1 is within the lower end opening of the upper cover 2. Is adapted to be fitted in a conforming state. A notch 27 is formed at the lower end of the left and right side walls of the peripheral side wall 25 of the upper cover 2 corresponding to the engagement piece 17 of the base member 1, and the base is located above the notch 27. An engagement hole 28 is formed corresponding to the retaining projection 18 of the member 1.

  The upper cover 2 having the above-described configuration is fitted into the base member 1 until the lower end opening edge contacts the outer peripheral flange 19 of the base member 1. At the time of fitting, the engaging piece 17 of the base member 1 is inserted in the peripheral side wall 25 of the upper cover 2 in a state where the engaging piece 17 is bent inward, and the retaining projection 18 at the tip of the engaging piece 17 is engaged with the upper cover 2. When the joint hole 28 is reached, the engagement piece 17 is restored to the outside by its own restoring force. Thereby, the retaining projection 18 is engaged with the engaging hole 28, and the upper cover 2 is attached to the base member 1 in a retaining state. In this attached state, the lower end surface of the drain pipe tip 48 in the upper cover 2 abuts the upper end of the drain pipe main body 41. Further, the lower end portion of the drain pipe main body 41 is fitted and fixed to the upper end portion of the drain pipe base end portion 45 of the base member 1 as described above. Accordingly, the drain pipe main body 41, the drain pipe base end portion 45, and the drain pipe tip end portion 48 extend upward from the bottom wall 11 of the base member 1, further penetrates the partition plate 3, and reaches the upper portion of the upper cover 2. And the drainage pipe 4 opened above the upper cover 2 is formed.

  In the present embodiment, in a state where the upper cover 2 is attached to the base member 1, an upper filtration chamber 61 is formed above the partition plate 3 outside the drainage pipe in the upper cover 2, and in the base member 1. A lower filtration chamber 65 is formed below the partition plate 3 outside the drain pipe. Filter media can be stored in each of the upper filtration chamber 61 and the lower filtration chamber 65.

[Filtering media]
FIG. 5 shows the first filter medium 62 disposed in the upper filtration chamber 61. The first filter 62 includes a nonwoven fabric molded body 120 having a drain pipe through-hole 63 in the center, and granular bacteria carriers 130 and granules filled in four cavities 121 provided in the nonwoven fabric molded body 120. Of activated carbon 131. The nonwoven fabric molded body 120 has drain pipe through holes 63 formed above and below a drain pipe through hole 63 and an intermediate member 122 having four through holes for forming a cavity 121 around the drain pipe through hole 63. It is formed by bonding sheets 123 and 124 together. The first filter medium 62 is formed by bonding the lower sheet 123 to the intermediate material 122 to form a cavity 121, filling the cavity 121 with the bacteria carrier 130 and the granular activated carbon 131, and then bonding the upper sheet 124 to the cavity. It is produced by closing the opening of 121. The nonwoven fabric molded body 120 of the first filter medium 62 is a physical filter medium, the bacteria carrier 130 is a biological filter medium, and the activated carbon 131 is an adsorption filter medium. The bacteria carrier 130 carries Bacillus bacteria having a high ability to decompose organic substances and bacteria other than the Bacillus having a nitrification action.

  Gravel 66 is stored in the lower filtration chamber 65. As will be described later, the filtration device 100 of the present embodiment has a structure in which water is introduced into two places, an upper filtration chamber 61 and a lower filtration chamber 65, and performs filtration by housing a filter medium in at least one of them. In the lower filtration chamber 65, a single-function filter material such as a composite filter material such as the first filter material 62 or a wool mat may be stored instead of the gravel 66. In addition, the gravel 66 may be used as a base material, and specific bacteria defined by the present invention may be supported on the gravel 66 to form a bacteria support. The form of the bacterial carrier to be stored in the filtration device 100 is not limited to one, and a plurality of bacterial carriers may be stored in different locations.

[Assembly and operation of filtration equipment]
First, gravel 66 is spread on the outside of the drain pipe base end portion 45 in the base member 1.

  Subsequently, after the upper end opening of the base member 1 is closed by the partition plate 3, the drain pipe main body 41 is connected to the drain pipe base end 45 of the base member 1.

  Next, the first filter medium 62 is placed on the partition plate 3 such that the drain pipe main body 41 is accommodated in the pipe drain pipe through hole 63. Thereafter, the upper cover 2 is assembled to the base member 1 so as to cover the first filter medium 62.

  The said filtration apparatus is installed in the bottom face in the aquarium fish tank, for example. Furthermore, one end of an air supply tube (not shown) is connected to the air supply pipe 51 of the filtration device, and the other end of the air supply tube is connected to an air pump outside the water tank.

  When air is supplied to the bubble generating means 5 through the air supply pipe 51 and the air supply path 13 by driving the air pump, fine bubbles are generated from the bubble generating means 5 and the bubbles are discharged into the drain pipe. The drain pipe 4 is raised together with the water in the pipe 4 and discharged upward from the pipe tip opening 23. Thereby, the inside of the drainage pipe 4 becomes a negative pressure and a suction force is generated. By this air lift effect, water is sucked into the upper filtration chamber 61 from the upper water absorption hole 20, and the water passes through the first filter medium 62, the partition water passage hole 30, the gravel 66 of the lower filtration chamber 65, and the pipe water flow. The first filtration process that is discharged upward through the hole 46 and the drain pipe 4, the water is sucked into the lower filtration chamber 65 from the bottom water absorption hole 10, and the water is gravel 66, the pipe water passage 46 and The second filtration process discharged upward through the drain pipe 4 is performed in parallel.

  In the first filtration treatment, when water passes through the first filter medium 62 and gravel 66, physical filtration by the nonwoven fabric molded body 120 of the first filter medium 62, biological filtration by the bacteria carrier 130, and adsorption filtration by activated carbon. Is done. As described above, since the bacteria carrier 130 includes Bacillus bacteria having a high ability of decomposing organic substances and bacteria other than Bacillus having nitrification action, nitrification action is caused from decomposition of organic substances such as residual food and excrement. Water purification until nitric acid production by is performed consistently.

  Further, regarding the second filtration process, in the present embodiment, the gravel 66 is accommodated in the lower filtration chamber 65, and thus filtration is not performed. However, by accommodating the filter medium instead of the gravel 66, the corresponding filtration can be performed. Done. When bacteria are attached to the gravel 66 or when bacteria in the water are attached to the gravel 66, biological filtration by these bacteria is performed.

[Bacteria carrier]
The bacteria carrier 130 is obtained by supporting a plurality of types of bacteria on a base material. Hereinafter, the bacteria used in the filtration device of the present invention will be described in detail, and an example of a method for producing a bacteria carrier will be described.

(Bacteria)
The plurality of types of bacteria include Bacillus bacteria, and as bacteria other than Bacillus, one or more of Brasilizobium bacteria, Sphingomonas bacteria, and Pseudomonas bacteria are included.

  Bacillus bacteria are mainly durable bacteria that have the ability to decompose organic matter and form spores, and can be conserved bacteria. Among the bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus methylotrophicus, which have a high ability to decompose organic substances, are preferable, and it is preferable that one or more of these are included.

  Organic matter is decomposed by Bacillus bacteria to produce ammonia. The produced ammonia becomes nitrous acid by the nitrification action of the above-mentioned bacteria other than the genus Bacillus, and the nitrous acid becomes nitric acid. Examples of Bradyrizobium bacteria include Bradyrhizobium sp., Examples of Sphingomonas bacteria include Sphingomonas sp., And examples of Pseudomonas bacteria include Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas saponiphila, and Pseudomonas resinovorans. These bacteria do not form spores, but can be viable and conservative bacteria. It is necessary to contain at least one kind of bacteria other than the genus Bacillus, and it is particularly preferred that all the bacteria of the following four groups A to D are contained. Both groups C and D belong to the genus Pseudomonas, but it is preferable that Pseudomonas saponiphila and Pseudomonas resinovorans coexist with each other or coexist with Pseudomonas sp. For this reason, Pseudomonas bacteria are classified into two groups, C and D.

In addition, since Bacillus bacteria are essential, a combination including all bacteria of the five groups A to E is most preferable.
A: Bradyrhizobium sp.
B: Sphingomonas sp.
C: Pseudomonas sp. And / or Pseudomonas saponiphila
D: Pseudomonas sp. And / or Pseudomonas resinovorans
E: One or more of Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus methylotrophicus

(Base material)
The type of the substrate on which the bacteria are supported is not limited, but the bacteria supportability is good and the surface area is preferably large in order to sufficiently support the bacteria, and the form is particles, strips, powder, chips, etc. preferable. In these respects, it is possible to recommend a porous solid called an aggregate such as a wood chip or gravel that is obtained by finely pulverizing wood as a substrate. Wood is an environment suitable for bacterial residences and is suitable for long-term storage of bacterial blocks. Moreover, more bacteria can be carried by using chips. The particle size of the wood chip is preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, and broad-leaved trees such as beech, konara and kunugi or compost thereof are suitable, but conifers can also be used. Substrates other than wood include pumice, shirasu, charcoal, carbon fiber, zeolite, sand, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, silica gel, buckwheat husk, straw, straw, fir shell, palm fiber, etc. Any porous material can be used regardless.

(Bacteria carrier)
The bacterium is mixed with the substrate and stirred to be carried on the substrate. The form of the bacterial support in which bacteria are supported on a granular substrate is granular.

  In the bacteria carrier, the preferred number of bacteria of all groups A to E described above is as follows.

A: 1,000 CFU / g to 500,000 CFU / g
B: 1,000 CFU / g to 500,000 CFU / g
C: 1,000 CFU / g to 500,000 CFU / g
D: 1,000 CFU / g to 500,000 CFU / g
E: 10,000 CFU / g to 10,000,000,000 CFU / g

[Method for producing bacterial carrier]
Below, an example of the manufacturing method of a bacteria carrier from bacteria culture | cultivation is demonstrated. Note that the present invention does not limit the method for culturing bacteria or the method for producing a bacterial carrier, and the bacterial carrier produced by methods other than the following methods and conditions is also included in the present invention.

  Bacillus bacteria used for the production of the following bacterial carriers are Bacillus firmus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis / amyloliquefaciens, and three types of bacteria other than Bacillus are Bradyrhizobium sp., Pseudomonas sp, and Sphingomonas sp. is there.

(1) Bacterial culture Bacteria to be supported on a substrate is called a bacterium. The original bacteria are cultured by adding a medium to the inoculum, and a part of the cultured original bacteria is used as an inoculum for the next culture. By repeating this cycle, the original bacteria can be continuously cultured. The inoculum contains all kinds of bacteria, but some or all kinds of bacteria may be cultured on a small scale, and these may be added to the inoculum to culture the original bacteria.

  A fermented animal dung is suitable for the culture medium. Livestock manure fermented products contain sugar, amino acid, and silicic acid, and sugar and amino acid are nutrients of bacteria, and silicic acid is taken into the body and promotes spore formation when Bacillus bacteria form spores. It is done. Examples of the sugar include glucose, galactose, maltose, and lactose, and examples of the amino acid include aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine. Livestock dung is preferable as a breeding environment for bacteria because it contains various minerals in addition to the above three components. As livestock feces, cow feces, pig feces, chicken feces or a mixture thereof is preferable. The condition for fermentation of livestock feces is preferably 10 to 80 days at room temperature to 90 ° C.

  The following is an example of a process for culturing the original bacteria by adding three types of Bacillus bacteria separately cultured to the inoculum.

  The previous bacterium containing bacteria, medium, water, and three kinds of bacteria other than the genus Bacillus is added to the culture apparatus and cultured at 45 ° C. to 60 ° C. with stirring for 90 hours to 130 hours. The amount of water is such that the medium is moistened, and if it is dried by evaporation, the lost water is replenished. Under the above conditions, the culture is repeated in a wet state and a dry state. Bacillus bacteria decompose and grow nutrients when moistened, and form spores with high storage stability when dried, thereby producing original bacteria containing three types of Bacillus bacteria and three types of bacteria other than Bacillus.

(2) Production of bacteria carrier Wood chips used as a substrate are dried and aged. Wood chips can suppress the growth of miscellaneous bacteria by aging with fewer nutrient sources. This aging environment is an environment in which various germs are difficult to grow. By aging and reducing the various germs, the desired bacterial growth environment is improved, and the water purification effect by the bacteria can be enhanced.

  The produced original bacteria and the dried wood chip are mixed, water is added so as to easily adhere, and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes to 3 hours.

  Preferred weight ratios of the bacterium and wood chip are 1% to 50% for the bacterium and 50% to 99% for the wood chip.

[Other forms of filtration device]
The filtration device of the present invention is required to have at least a specific bacterial carrier as a biological filter material, and the filtration method and the form of the case are not limited. Since filtration is performed if water is passed through the filter medium in the case, the present invention can be applied to a filtration device installed outside the tank in addition to the underwater installation type of the embodiment.

  In addition to using the above biological filter medium alone as the filter medium, it is also preferable to add a physical filter medium and / or an adsorption filter medium to the biological filter medium. The physical filter material is a filter material that filters out large waste such as residual feed and feces floating in water, dead aquatic plants, and the like, and in addition to the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric, a net, sponge, wool mat, or the like can be used. The adsorptive filter medium is a filter medium that purifies water by adsorbing harmful substances, and soil, activated carbon, zeolite, and the like can be used. Since the physical filter medium and the adsorbent filter medium purify water by an action different from that of the biological filter medium, the purification ability can be enhanced by adding the physical filter medium and / or the biological filter medium. The filtration device 100 of the embodiment combines three types of filter media: a biofilter, a physical filter, and an adsorbent filter, but a combination of a biofilter and a physical filter, and a combination of a biofilter and an adsorbent filter. Are also included in the present invention.

  The arrangement of the filter media in the case of using a plurality of types of filter media is not limited, and any filter media may be used as long as it can communicate with any filter media. However, when a physical filter medium is disposed upstream of the water flow and large waste is filtered off and then biological filtration and adsorption filtration are performed, water can be efficiently purified, and the biological filter medium and adsorption filter medium last longer.

  The first filter medium 110 of the embodiment is an integrated filter medium in which the cavity 121 of the nonwoven fabric molded body 120 is filled with the bacteria carrier 130 and the activated carbon 131, and has a structure in which the water after physical filtration is biologically filtered. Further, in such an integrated filter medium, the nonwoven fabric molded body 120 functions as a container for the bacteria carrier 130 and the activated carbon 131, and a plurality of filter media can be handled as one filter medium, so that the filter media can be easily exchanged. . Moreover, the storage container for the biological filter medium can be formed using a physical filter medium other than the nonwoven fabric, for example, a net, a sponge, or a wool mat. Further, the shape of the storage container using the physical filter material is not limited as long as a cavity for storing the biological filter material is formed. In addition to a rectangular parallelepiped like the nonwoven fabric molded body 120, a bag body may be used.

In the filtration device 100 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the water purification test of the water tank was performed by changing the type of the filtration material filled in the nonwoven fabric molded body 120 of the first filtration material 62. The nonwoven fabric molded body 120 is 70 mm long × 70 mm wide × 35 mm high, and the total volume of the four cavities 121 is 7623 mm ³ .

[Example]
The following bacteria were used for the bacteria carrier.
Bacillus bacteria: Bacillus firmus,
Bacillus pumilus,
Bacillus subtilis / amyloliquefaciens
Bacteria other than Bacillus: Bradyrhizobium sp.
Pseudomonas sp,
Sphingomonas sp.

(Preparation of original bacteria)
450 kg of fermented chicken manure, 50 kg of inoculum, and 2 liters of separately cultured Bacillus bacteria were added to a stirring fermenter, and water with a degree of moistening of the mixture was added and cultured at 55 ° C. with stirring for 14 days. During the culture period, water was replenished once every 3 days to maintain a moist state. This produced the original bacteria.

(Bacteria carrier)
Aged and dried knugi, konara, and beech chip compost having a particle size of 0.1 mm to 10 mm were used as a base material, 2.5 kg of the base material and 1.8 kg of the original bacteria were mixed, and stirred for 3 hours to prepare a bacterial support.

  The amount of each bacterium in the bacterium carrier is as follows.

Bacillus firmus: 100,000 CFU / g
Bacillus pumilus: 100,000 CFU / g
Bacillus subtilis / amyloliquefaciens: 100,000 CFU / g
Bradyrhizobium sp .: 1,000 CFU / g
Pseudomonas sp: 1,000 CFU / g
Sphingomonas sp .: 1,000 CFU / g

  A total of 0.5 g of bacteria carrier 130 and 11 g of activated carbon 131 were filled in the four cavities 121 of the nonwoven fabric molded body 120, and this was used as the first filter medium 62. The filter device 100 was produced by assembling a case 110 together with the first filter medium 62 and gravel 66.

[Comparative example]
The four cavities 121 of the nonwoven fabric molded body 120 were filled with only 11 g of activated carbon 131, which was changed to the first filter medium 62 of the example, and the case 110 was assembled together with gravel 66.

[Water purification test]
The produced filtration apparatus 100 of the Example and the comparative example was thrown into each goldfish breeding water tank, air was supplied from the air pump, and the water purification test was done.

Aquarium: 8 liters of water Fish species: 5 core hawks weighing approximately 3g Feeding: 0.25g per day
Test period: 28 days

  During the test period of 28 days, ammonia concentration, nitrite concentration and nitric acid concentration were measured at the start of the test, on the 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, 21st day and 28th day. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

  From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that in the examples, the ammonia concentration until the first week of the test increased faster than in the comparative example, so that bacteria acted and organic waste was decomposed. Further, when the concentration of nitric acid on the 28th day is seen, it can be seen that the concentration of nitrite is positively nitrified by the power of bacteria because the concentration of the example is higher than that of the comparative example.

  The filtration device of the present invention can be used for water purification of an aquatic aquaculture tank.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Base member 3 ... Separation plate 4 ... Drain pipe 62 ... 1st filter material 66 ... Gravel 100 filtration apparatus 110 case 120 ... Nonwoven fabric molded object (physical filter material)
121 ... Cavity 130 ... Bacteria carrier (biological filter material)

Claims (7)

A filtering device comprising a case for distributing water inside and a filter medium disposed in the case;
The filter medium includes at least a biological filter medium,
The biological filter medium is a bacteria-carrying body in which Bacillus bacteria and one or more of Brasilizobium bacteria, Sphingomonas bacteria, and Pseudomonas bacteria are supported on a substrate as bacteria other than the Bacillus genus. A filtration device characterized by the above.   The filtration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus bacterium is one or more of Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus methylotrophicus.   The filtration apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bacteria other than the genus Bacillus are Bradyrhizobium sp., Sphingomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp. And / or Pseudomonas saponiphila, Pseudomonas sp. And / or Pseudomonas resinovorans.   The filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the substrate is a wood chip.   The filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the filter medium further includes a physical filter medium and / or an adsorption filter medium.   The filtration device according to claim 5, wherein the filter medium is an integral filter medium in which a cavity formed inside a physical filter medium is filled with a biological filter medium. A filter medium in which a biological filter medium is filled in a cavity formed inside a physical filter medium,
The biological filter medium is a bacteria-carrying substance in which a Bacillus bacterium and one or more of the bacteria belonging to the genus Brasilizobium, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas are supported on a substrate as bacteria other than the genus Bacillus. Characteristic filter media.

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