JP2018040870A - Calibration system, electronic apparatus and calibration method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Kind Code: A1 A system for optimal display that matches individual characteristics. A system includes a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device, wherein the display device has a function of displaying an image, and the data acquisition device includes: The control device has a function of acquiring the first sensory data, the control device has a function of controlling the display device, the storage device has a function of storing the second sensory data, and the processing device acquires the data. Based on the information from the device, it has a function of comparing first sensitivity data and second sensitivity data, and the second sensitivity data is a database of a plurality of sensitivity data, and a processing device However, when comparing the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data, the system extracts the sensitivity data closest to the first sensitivity data from a database of a plurality of sensitivity data and feeds it back to the display device. [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

  One embodiment of the present invention relates to a calibration method and system for a display device, and an electronic device.

Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. As a technical field of one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a memory device, an electronic device, a lighting device, an input device (eg, a touch sensor), an input / output device (eg, a touch panel) ), A driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof can be given as an example.

In recent years, display devices are expected to be applied to various uses. As a display device, for example, a light emitting device having a light emitting element, a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal element, and the like have been developed.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a flexible light emitting device to which an organic EL (Electroluminescence) element is applied.

Patent Document 2 has a region that reflects visible light and a region that transmits visible light, and can be used as a reflective liquid crystal display device in an environment where sufficient external light is obtained. A transflective liquid crystal display device that can be used as a transmissive liquid crystal display device in an environment where the above cannot be obtained is disclosed.

JP 2014-197522 A JP 2011-191750 A

  The display device may have different display appearance (ease of viewing, brightness, hue, burden on eyes, etc.) depending on the surrounding environment. For example, the appearance may be different between a bright environment and a dark environment. Also, the appearance may differ depending on the type of content displayed on the display device. Moreover, such an appearance may differ according to a user's individual preference and a user's individual characteristic. Therefore, an optimum display (display brightness, color balance, background color, character color, etc.) that matches the user's surrounding environment, the user's personal preferences, and the user's personal characteristics is required.

  An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel system.

  Note that the description of these problems does not disturb the existence of other problems. One embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have to solve all of these problems. Issues other than these can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

  One aspect of the present invention is a system that feeds back personal characteristics data converted by the system to a display display.

  One embodiment of the present invention is a system including a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device. The display device has a function of displaying an image, and the data acquisition device Has a function of acquiring first sensitivity data, a control device has a function of controlling a display device, a storage device has a function of storing second sensitivity data, and a processing device has Based on the information from the data acquisition device, it has a function of comparing the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data, the second sensitivity data is a database of a plurality of sensitivity data, When the processing device compares the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data, the processing device extracts the sensitivity data closest to the first sensitivity data from the plurality of sensitivity data databases, and feeds it back to the display device.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is a system including a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device, and the display device acquires and displays information on an external environment. The first image is displayed on the device, the data acquisition device acquires the sensitivity data based on the result of the user observing the first image, and the processing device determines the preference of the user from the sensitivity data. 1 is extracted, the second image having a similar preference is extracted from the storage device, the display device displays the second image, and the processing device uses the second image to determine the user's preference. A second determination process is performed to determine the setting data, and the setting data obtained by the second determination process is stored in the storage device as personal data.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device, and the display device has a function of displaying an image. The data acquisition device has a function of acquiring the first sensitivity data, the control device has a function of controlling the display device, and the storage device has a function of storing the second sensitivity data, The processing device has a function of comparing the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data based on information from the data acquisition device, and the second sensitivity data includes a plurality of sensitivity data in a database. When the processing device compares the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data, the processing device extracts the sensitivity data closest to the first sensitivity data from the plurality of sensitivity data databases, and the display device It is an electronic device that allows feedback.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is a calibration method for an electronic device including a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device, and the display device is information on an external environment. , The first image is displayed on the display device, the data acquisition device acquires sensitivity data based on the result of the user observing the first image, and the processing device acquires the user's sensitivity from the sensitivity data. A first discrimination process for discriminating the preference is performed, a second image having a preference similar to that of the storage device is extracted, the display device displays the second image, and the processing device uses the second image according to Then, a second discrimination process for discriminating the user's preference is performed, and the setting data obtained by the second discrimination process is stored in the storage device as personal data.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel system can be provided.

  Note that the description of these effects does not disturb the existence of other effects. One embodiment of the present invention need not necessarily have all of these effects. Effects other than these can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

The block diagram which shows an example of a calibration system. The flowchart which shows an example of the method of optimizing a display apparatus using a calibration system. The flowchart which shows an example of the method of optimizing a display apparatus using a calibration system. The flowchart which shows an example of the method of optimizing a display apparatus using a calibration system. The flowchart which shows an example of the method of optimizing a display apparatus using a calibration system. The flowchart which shows an example of the method of optimizing a display apparatus using a calibration system. The flowchart which shows an example of the method of optimizing a display apparatus using a calibration system. The figure which shows an example of the comfort level with respect to the brightness | luminance of a display. The figure which shows an example of a comfort curve. The figure which shows an example of a comfort curve. The figure which shows an example of a comfort curve. The perspective view which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. Sectional drawing which shows an example of a display apparatus. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a display device and an example of a pixel. FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a pixel circuit of a display device. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a pixel circuit of a display device, and a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel. FIG. 6 illustrates a structure of an input / output panel according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 illustrates a structure of an input / output panel according to an embodiment. The figure which shows an example of a display module. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an electronic device. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an electronic device.

  Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below.

  Note that in structures of the invention described below, the same portions or portions having similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals in different drawings, and description thereof is not repeated. In addition, in the case where the same function is indicated, the hatch pattern is the same, and there is a case where no reference numeral is given.

  In addition, the position, size, range, and the like of each component illustrated in the drawings may not represent the actual position, size, range, or the like for easy understanding. Therefore, the disclosed invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, range, or the like disclosed in the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, a calibration system 500 of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a calibration system 500 of one embodiment of the present invention. The calibration system 500 includes a display device 510, a data acquisition device 520, a control device 530, a storage device 540, and a processing device 550.

  The display device 510 has a function of displaying an image, the data acquisition device 520 has a function of acquiring first sensitivity data, and the control device 530 has a function of controlling the display device 510, and stores the data. The device 540 has a function of storing the second sensitivity data, and the processing device 550 compares the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data based on the information from the data acquisition device 520. It has a function. The second sensitivity data is a database of a plurality of sensitivity data. When the processing device 550 compares the first sensitivity data with the second sensitivity data, the processing device 550 extracts the sensitivity data closest to the first sensitivity data from the database of the plurality of sensitivity data and feeds back to the display device 510. Can be made.

The display device 510 includes a display unit. The display unit may include a display panel, and the display panel may be a touch panel having a touch sensor. The display panel has a display element. As the display element, an inorganic EL element, an organic EL element, a light emitting element such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), a liquid crystal element, an electrophoretic element, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System, a micro electro mechanical system) display An element etc. are mentioned.
<Kansei data>
As the first sensibility data and the second sensibility data, for example, comparing the two displays, which is the better view, the difference in the view between the first display and the second display is 5 There is an evaluation method that evaluates (± 2, ± 1, 0) in stages (referred to as evaluation method 1). Here, the good appearance means that the display content is easy to recognize.

  Further, as an evaluation method different from the evaluation method 1, there is an evaluation method in which the brightness of the display image is sequentially changed, and the user inputs a comfort level for each brightness. This is called an evaluation method 2. As the comfort level, for example, the comfort level that the user feels most comfortable when viewing the display image is set to 5, and the comfort level may be set to 5 levels of 1 to 5. Moreover, it is preferable to perform the evaluation method 2 in a different external environment. For example, by performing evaluation in an external environment that appropriately combines color temperature and illuminance, for example, optimal display when using a display device in various external environments such as sunny daylight, evening, or indoor lighting Can be evaluated. FIG. 8 shows an example of an evaluation result model obtained by the evaluation method 2. FIG. 8A plots the comfort level at each brightness level with the horizontal axis as the brightness and the vertical axis as the comfort level for each display image of red, green and blue under an external environment with a color temperature of 2300K and an illuminance of 1500 lx. , A line graph in which each plot is connected by a straight line.

  Comfort peaks may vary depending on individual preference and personality. For example, the graph of FIG. 8A is an example of a model in which the degree of comfort is peaked when the luminance of the display device is lower than the maximum, and this can be referred to as low luminance preference. The graph in FIG. 8B is an example of a model different from that in FIG. 8A, and shows that the higher the brightness of the display device, the higher the comfort level, which can be called high brightness preference. . As described above, since the peak comfort level may vary among individuals, it is preferable that the display device can be individually set so as to provide a comfortable display for the individual user.

<About comfort>
Here, a feeling of comfort will be described.

  In the book "Yoshihisa Yamamoto, Emi Nishina, Shinya Murakami, Harumu Karatsu," Science Door 59 Feeling Brain / Mocked Brain / Tricked Brain ", Tokyo Kagaku Dojin, January 29, 2016, 1st edition published" The original environment for human beings is described as follows.

  It is an environment in which genes of modern humans are formed evolutionarily. There are various theories of the evolution of modern human genes, but the latest biological anthropology is most likely to have originated from the African rainforest. Human genes have evolved in the rainforest for 20 million years, counting from the common ancestors of great apes. The modern homosapiens appeared about 160,000 years ago.

  In Africa's rainforest, we are amazed by the comfort of the rainforest's temperature and humidity, the beauty of the forest landscape and the sound of the environment, and the genes and brains of mankind are designed according to the rainforest environment. It is said that I was able to realize.

  In the above book, hypersonic sound is also described. Hypersonic sound is a sound that includes super-high frequencies (a sound that greatly exceeds 20 kHz). If the hypersonic sound is included in the environmental sound, the feeling of comfort may increase and the perception may be sensitized. It is said that it is expected.

  As described above, various researches have been made in the field of sound, but in many cases, the field of color or light is still unknown. However, assuming that human genes and brains are designed for the rainforest environment, it may be affected by the rainforest environment in areas such as color or light as well as in the sound field. is there.

  For example, in a rainforest environment, there is a tendency to have a so-called long-wavelength color gamut that has a relatively long wavelength, such as a deep green in a forest such as a jungle or a red fruit of a tree in the forest. Therefore, if the human gene and brain are designed for the rainforest environment, humans prefer the long wavelength gamut, such as green or red, and have a longer color gamut. However, it is estimated that people's comfort is improved.

<Biological data>
Biometric data can be acquired by the data acquisition device 520. As the biometric data, user's visual function data can be acquired. Visual function data includes focal length, fixation micromotion, pupil diameter, and the like.

  The focal length is determined based on whether or not the user is focused on the display screen surface of the display device on which the content is displayed. For example, when viewing characters or the like on the display screen of the display device, it is preferable that the surface of the display screen is in focus. However, the focal length may vary depending on the type of display device. Or it may depend on the user's concentration, visibility of the displayed content, or the user's physical condition, and whether or not it is in focus can be used as the basis for determining the optimal display. .

  With regard to fixation micromotion (involuntary micromotion of the eye), it is known that the frequency of fixation micromotion decreases if the user can concentrate on or be immersed in the content. For example, when viewing a sentence or the like, if it is a natural, easy-to-accept and concentrating environment, it is thought that fixation micromotion tends to be suppressed. That is, it can be used as a material for determining the optimum display.

  Regarding the pupil diameter, when the user feels dazzling, the pupil diameter of the user is reduced and the pupil diameter is reduced. Further, when the user is interested in the content, pupil dilation occurs and the pupil diameter increases. Thus, glare, interest in content, etc. are considered to be related to the ease of viewing the video, that is, the optimal display. Therefore, it can be used as a judgment material for optimum display depending on the pupil diameter. Since the pupil diameter of the user can be measured by photographing using an imaging device, for example, it can be measured by a portable terminal having the imaging device. As described above, it is possible to make an objective determination of the optimum display of the user by comprehensively determining the focal length, fixation micromotion, and pupil diameter.

<Activation of the first calibration system 500>
Next, a method and procedure for optimizing a display device using the calibration system 500 of one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  The flowchart shown in FIG. 2 shows a procedure when the calibration system 500 is used.

  First, the calibration system 500 is activated (step S01), the question of whether it is activated for the first time or the second time or later is answered (step S02), and if it is the second time or later, the calibration process for the second time or later. The procedure proceeds to (S06). The second and subsequent processes (S06) will be described later.

  If it is the first activation, user information is input (step S03). User information includes gender, age, visual acuity, and the like. Next, the first calibration process is performed (S04), the user is set for the next time (step S05), and then the calibration system 500 is terminated. To set the user for the next time and later, for example, make the calibration system software resident and analyze the user's environment (illuminance, color temperature, etc.). Analyzing (color analysis, luminance analysis, etc.), or when using the terminal for a certain period of time in a new illuminance environment, a pop-up display will be displayed as to whether or not to calibrate so as to improve the convenience after the next time Say to set.

<Initial calibration process (Kansei data)>
Next, details of the procedure of the initial calibration process (step S04) will be described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. Here, processing using sensitivity data will be described.

  First, external environment data is acquired. The external environment data includes color temperature, illuminance, and chromaticity. External environment data can be acquired from the display device 510 (step S101). The external environment data can be acquired by the display unit when the display unit of the display device 510 includes an image sensor. Alternatively, it can be acquired by an imaging device, a light amount sensor, an illuminance sensor, or the like included in the display device 510.

  Next, an evaluation image is displayed on the display device 510 (step S102), and the data acquisition device 520 acquires first sensitivity data (step 103). Steps S102 and S103 are repeated for the predetermined image. When the first sensitivity data is obtained for a predetermined image (step S104), the processing device 550 determines whether the first sensitivity data is a low-luminance preference or a high-luminance preference (step S104). S105).

  Several types of images having similar preferences to the first sensitivity data are extracted from the second sensitivity data stored in the storage device 540, and the control device 530 reads them randomly (step S106). Next, the read image is displayed on the display device (step S107).

  Next, after observing the displayed image, the user determines whether the image is good or bad (step 108). If the displayed image is not good, it is stored as bad setting data in the storage location of the personal data stored in the storage device 540 (step S109), the process returns to step S106, and steps S106 to S108 are obtained until a good display is obtained. repeat. 3 is connected to A shown in FIG.

  If it is determined that the user can see the displayed image, step S110 for saving the setting data and the matching preference to the storage location of the personal data in the storage device 540 is performed (see FIG. 4). Next, it is determined whether or not to store the setting data (step S111). If the setting data is not stored, the calibration process is terminated. When storing the setting data, the setting data is stored in the storage device 540 (step S112), and the calibration process is terminated. Note that data may be stored in the storage device 540 via the Internet line.

<Initial calibration process (Kansei data + biological data)>
Next, details of the initial calibration process (S04) in which the biometric data is added to the sensitivity data will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In the initial calibration processing step S103 based on sensitivity data shown in FIG. 3, biological data is also acquired simultaneously with sensitivity data. The other steps are performed in the same procedure from step S101 to step S108. 3 is connected to A shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S108, step S113 is performed in which it is determined from the biometric data whether the selected optimum display setting is a setting that places a heavy burden on the user and imposes unreasonableness (see FIG. 5).

  In step S113, for example, from the measurement result of the pupil diameter, the pupil diameter is not abnormally contracted, or from the measurement result of the fixation fine movement, whether the fixation fine movement is excessively generated, from the focal length measurement result, Whether the focal length is too close or too far away, or the number of blinks, etc., can be determined by the processing device 550 compared to a general value in the database.

  If it is determined in step S113 that the burden is heavy and the force is forced, a warning is displayed on the display device (S114), and it is determined whether to change to another setting (S115). When changing to another setting, the setting data is stored as bad setting data in the storage location of the personal data stored in the storage device 540 (step S116), and the processing is performed again from step S106 in FIG. When not changing to another condition, the procedure after step S110 of FIG. 4 is performed, and the calibration process is terminated.

  If it is determined in step S113 that the burden is small and it is not too hard, the procedure after step S110 in FIG. 3 is performed, and the calibration process is terminated.

<Second and subsequent calibration processes (Kansei data)>
Next, details of the second and subsequent calibration processes (S06) will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

  First, external environment data is acquired. The external environment data includes color temperature, illuminance, and chromaticity. External environment data can be acquired from the display device 510 (step S201).

  Next, the processing device 550 compares the acquired external environment data with the previously acquired external environment data (step S202). When the difference between the compared external environment data is less than 10%, it is determined whether or not to perform calibration processing (step S215). If not, the external environment data is overwritten and saved in the storage device 540 and the calibration process is terminated.

  If the difference in the external environment data compared in step S202 is 10% or more, or if it is determined in step S203 that calibration is to be performed, the calibration process is continued.

  Next, the evaluation image is displayed on the display device 510 (step S203), and first sensitivity data is acquired (step S204). Steps S203 and S204 are repeated for the predetermined image, and data is acquired under all conditions (step S205). Next, the processing device 550 determines whether the personal data amount is sufficient (step S206). If it is determined that the personal data amount is not sufficient, the initial calibration process shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is performed and the calibration process is terminated (steps S101 to S112).

  If it is determined that the amount of personal data is sufficient, the process proceeds to B shown in FIG. 7, and the personal data is optimized based on the stored personal data and the first sensitivity data obtained in step S204 (step S204). S208). Next, the optimized image is displayed on the display device 510 (step S209).

  Next, the user observes the displayed image and determines whether it is acceptable or not (step 210). If the displayed image is not good, it is stored as bad setting data in the storage location of the personal data stored in the storage device 540 (step S211), the process returns to step 208, and steps S208 to S210 are performed until a good display is obtained. repeat.

  If the user can see the displayed image, the setting data and the matching preference data are stored in the storage location of the personal data in the storage device 540 (step S212). Next, it is determined whether or not the setting data is stored (step S213). If the setting data is not stored, the processing device 550 ends the calibration process. When the setting data is stored, it is stored in the storage device 540 (S214), and the calibration process is terminated. Note that data may be stored in the storage device 540 via the Internet line.

<The second and subsequent calibration processes (Kansei data + biological data)>
Next, details of the second and subsequent calibration processes (S06) in which biometric data is added to sensitivity data will be described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS.

  In the second and subsequent calibration processing step S204 based on sensitivity data shown in FIG. 6, biometric data is also acquired simultaneously with sensitivity data. The other steps are performed in the same procedure from step 201 to step S210.

  Next, in step S210, step S113 is performed in which it is determined from the biometric data whether the selected optimal display setting is a setting that places a heavy burden on the user and imposes an impossibility (see FIG. 5).

  In step S113, for example, from the measurement result of the pupil diameter, the pupil diameter is not abnormally contracted, or from the measurement result of the fixation fine movement, whether the fixation fine movement is excessively generated, from the focal length measurement result, The processing apparatus 550 can determine whether the focal length is not too close or too far, or the number of blinks is compared with past user data.

  If it is determined in step S113 that the burden is heavy and the force is forced, a warning is displayed on the display device 510 (S114), and it is determined whether to change to another setting (S115). When changing to another setting, the setting data is stored as bad setting data in the storage location of the personal data stored in the storage device 540 (step S116), and the processing is performed again from step S208 in FIG. When not changing to another condition, the procedure after step S212 in FIG. 7 is performed, and the calibration process is terminated.

  If it is determined in step S113 that the burden is small and it is not overwhelming, the procedure after step S212 in FIG. 7 is performed, and the calibration process is terminated.

  By performing the above processing, the display device can provide a comfortable display in accordance with personal preference and personal characteristics even when the external environment changes.

Note that an electronic apparatus having a display device may include a calibration system 500. Examples of electronic devices having a display device include portable terminals, portable game machines, digital cameras, imaging devices, watches, personal computers, acoustic devices, in-vehicle devices, car navigation devices, digital signage, and TVs.

  In addition, an electronic device including a display device may have a part of the calibration system 500. For example, a part or all of the storage device 540 may be included on the Internet. For example, the personal data may be stored in a storage device included in the electronic device. Alternatively, part or all of the processing device 560 may be included on the Internet. With such a configuration, the electronic device having the display device can eliminate the storage capacity of the storage device for storing the calibration system software and data, or can reduce the storage capacity. Therefore, an electronic device having a display device can be provided at a low cost. In addition, convenience can be improved because it can be accessed from anywhere at any time regardless of location and time.

  This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, a display device that can be used as the display device 510 of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings.

  The display device of this embodiment includes a first display element that reflects visible light and a second display element that emits visible light.

  The display device of this embodiment has a function of displaying an image using one or both of light reflected by the first display element and light emitted by the second display element.

  As the first display element, an element that reflects external light for display can be used. Since such an element does not have a light source, power consumption during display can be extremely reduced.

  As the first display element, a reflective liquid crystal element can be typically used. Alternatively, as a first display element, in addition to a shutter-type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) element, an optical interference-type MEMS element, a microcapsule type, an electrophoretic method, an electrowetting method, and an electronic powder fluid (registered trademark) An element to which a method or the like is applied can be used.

  A light-emitting element is preferably used for the second display element. The light emitted from such a display element is not affected by external light in brightness or chromaticity, so that it has high color reproducibility (wide color gamut), high contrast, and vivid display. Can do.

  For the second display element, a self-luminous light emitting element such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), an LED (Light Emitting Diode), or a QLED (Quantum-Dot Light Emitting Diode) can be used. Alternatively, a transmissive liquid crystal element may be used as the second display element. For example, a transmissive liquid crystal element having an LED light emitting element as a backlight can be used.

  The display device of the present embodiment includes a first mode for displaying an image using only the first display element, a second mode for displaying an image using only the second display element, and a first mode There is a third mode in which an image is displayed using the display element and the second display element, and these modes can be used by switching automatically or manually.

  In the first mode, an image is displayed using the first display element and external light. Since the first mode does not require a light source, it is an extremely low power consumption mode. For example, when external light is sufficiently incident on the display device (for example, in a bright environment), display can be performed using light reflected by the first display element. For example, it is effective when the external light is sufficiently strong and the external light is white light or light in the vicinity thereof. The first mode is a mode suitable for displaying characters. In the first mode, light that reflects external light is used, so that it is possible to perform display that is kind to the eyes, and there is an effect that the eyes are less tired.

  In the second mode, an image is displayed using light emission by the second display element. Therefore, an extremely vivid display (high contrast and high color reproducibility) can be performed regardless of illuminance and chromaticity of external light. For example, it is effective when the illuminance is extremely low, such as at night or in a dark room. When the surroundings are dark, the user may feel dazzled when performing bright display. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to perform display with reduced luminance in the second mode. Thereby, in addition to suppressing glare, power consumption can also be reduced. The second mode is a mode suitable for displaying vivid images (still images and moving images).

  In the third mode, display is performed using both reflected light from the first display element and light emission from the second display element. While displaying more vividly than in the first mode, it is possible to suppress power consumption as compared with the second mode. For example, it is effective when the illuminance is relatively low, such as under room lighting or in the morning or evening hours, or when the chromaticity of outside light is not white. Further, by using light in which reflected light and light emission are mixed, it is possible to display an image that makes it feel as if you are looking at a painting.

  Further, by using the third display mode, color gamuts of various standards can be reproduced. For example, sRGB (standard RGB) widely used in electronic devices such as PAL (Phase Alternating Line) standards and NTSC (National Television System Committee) standards used in television broadcasting, personal computers, digital cameras, printers, etc. ITU-R BT., Which is used in the standard, Adobe RGB standard, HDTV (also known as High Definition Television). 709 (International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector Broadcasting Service (Television) 709) Standard, DCI-P3 (Digital CinitiitiPUU standard used in digital cinema projection) R BT. A color gamut such as 2020 (REC. 2020 (Recommendation 2020)) standard can be reproduced.

In the present embodiment, a method for evaluating sensitivity data in display in the third mode will be described.
<Kansei data>
About the evaluation method 1 shown in Embodiment 1, the same evaluation can be used for the display in the third mode.

  Further, as an evaluation method different from the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2, the user is most comfortable in each external light illuminance with the external light illuminance that is the external environment as the horizontal axis and the brightness of the second display element as the vertical axis ( The brightness of the second light emitting element determined to have a comfort level of 5 in the evaluation method 2 is plotted, and a graph is created by connecting the plots with a curve. This graph is called a comfort curve. As a unit of brightness of the second display element, the luminance of the second display element may be used.

The comfort curve shows different shapes depending on the user. In other words, the shape of the comfort curve varies depending on individual preference and individuality. That is, the type of preference varies depending on the individual. An example of a comfort curve is shown in FIGS. The display element uses an OLED, the brightness is 60 cd / m ^{2 to} 120 cd / m ² , and the external light illuminance is a comfortable curve in the range of 1500 lx, 2000 lx, 2500 lx. FIG. 9 is a comfortable curve in red display. FIG. 9A is a low-luminance preference for feeling comfortable with low luminance for each external light illuminance, and FIG. 9B is a medium curve for each external light illuminance. A low-luminance preference that feels comfortable at a certain level of brightness, (C) is a comfort curve of a high-luminance preference that feels comfortable at high luminance for each external light illuminance. Similarly, FIG. 10 shows a comfort curve in green display, and FIG. 11 shows a comfort curve in blue display. As an image that can be used to evaluate the comfort curve of red, green, and blue, in addition to the test pattern of single red, single green, and single blue, use an image (still image or moving image) that occupies a high percentage of each color. Can do. For example, red corresponds to autumn leaves, apples, roses, etc., green corresponds to trees, grass, moss, etc., blue corresponds to sea, sky, etc.

  In this embodiment, an example of evaluation using red, green, and blue images is shown. However, for example, an image that occupies a high proportion of colors such as white, cyan, magenta, and yellow may be used. Moreover, it is not limited to these. By performing evaluation using images of many colors, the accuracy of evaluation can be further increased.

  In addition, the display device in the third mode can be optimized using the calibration system 500 of one embodiment of the present invention.

  For the method and procedure of using the calibration system 500, the first embodiment can be referred to by replacing the sensitivity data with comfort curve data.

  By using the display device configuration and the calibration system 500 as described above, it is possible to realize a highly convenient display device that suits individual preferences regardless of the surrounding environment.

  The display device of this embodiment includes a plurality of first pixels each including a first display element and a plurality of second pixels each including a second display element. The first pixels and the second pixels are preferably arranged in a matrix.

  Each of the first pixel and the second pixel can include one or more subpixels. For example, the pixel has a configuration with one subpixel (white (W), etc.), a configuration with three subpixels (red (R), green (G), and blue (B), or three colors, or Yellow (Y), cyan (C), magenta (M), etc.) or a configuration having four sub-pixels (red (R), green (G), blue (B), white (W) Or four colors of red (R), green (G), blue (B), yellow (Y), etc.) can be applied.

  The display device of this embodiment can be configured to perform full-color display in both the first pixel and the second pixel. Alternatively, the display device in this embodiment can have a structure in which the first pixel performs monochrome display or grayscale display, and the second pixel performs full color display. The monochrome display or grayscale display using the first pixel is suitable for displaying information that does not require color display, such as document information.

  A configuration example of the display device of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

<Configuration example 1>
FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the display device 300. The display device 300 has a structure in which a substrate 351 and a substrate 361 are attached to each other. In FIG. 12, the substrate 361 is indicated by a broken line.

  The display device 300 includes a display portion 362, a circuit 364, a wiring 365, and the like. FIG. 12 shows an example in which an IC (Integrated Circuit) 373 and an FPC 372 are mounted on the display device 300. Therefore, the structure illustrated in FIG. 12 can also be referred to as a display module including the display device 300, an IC, and an FPC.

  As the circuit 364, for example, a scan line driver circuit can be used.

  The wiring 365 has a function of supplying a signal and power to the display portion 362 and the circuit 364. The signal and power are input to the wiring 365 from the outside through the FPC 372 or from the IC 373.

  FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which the IC 373 is provided on the substrate 351 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a COF (Chip on Film) method, or the like. For example, an IC having a scan line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit can be used as the IC 373. Note that the display device 100 and the display module may be configured without an IC. Further, the IC may be mounted on the FPC by a COF method or the like.

  FIG. 13 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 362. In the display portion 362, electrodes 311b included in the plurality of display elements are arranged in a matrix. The electrode 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element 180.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the electrode 311b has an opening 451. Further, the display portion 362 includes the light-emitting element 170 on the substrate 351 side of the electrode 311b. Light from the light emitting element 170 is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the opening 451 of the electrode 311b. The area of the light emitting region of the light emitting element 170 and the area of the opening 451 may be equal. One of the area of the light emitting region of the light emitting element 170 and the area of the opening 451 is larger than the other, which is preferable because a margin for positional deviation is increased. In particular, the area of the opening 451 is preferably larger than the area of the light emitting region of the light emitting element 170. When the opening 451 is small, part of light from the light-emitting element 170 may be blocked by the electrode 311b and may not be extracted to the outside. By making the opening 451 sufficiently large, it is possible to prevent the light emission of the light emitting element 170 from being wasted.

  FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a cross section of the display device 300 illustrated in FIG. 12 when a part of the region including the FPC 372, a part of the region including the circuit 364, and a part of the region including the display portion 362 are cut. Indicates.

  A display device 300 illustrated in FIG. 13 includes a transistor 201, a transistor 203, a transistor 205, a transistor 206, a liquid crystal element 180, a light-emitting element 170, an insulating layer 220, a colored layer 131, a colored layer 134, and the like between a substrate 351 and a substrate 361. Have The substrate 361 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded via an adhesive layer 141. The substrate 351 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded through an adhesive layer 142.

  The substrate 361 is provided with a coloring layer 131, a light shielding layer 132, an insulating layer 121, an electrode 113 functioning as a common electrode of the liquid crystal element 180, an alignment film 133b, an insulating layer 117, and the like. A polarizing plate 135 is provided on the outer surface of the substrate 361. The insulating layer 121 may function as a planarization layer. Since the surface of the electrode 113 can be substantially flattened by the insulating layer 121, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 112 can be made uniform. The insulating layer 117 functions as a spacer for maintaining the cell gap of the liquid crystal element 180. In the case where the insulating layer 117 transmits visible light, the insulating layer 117 may be overlapped with the display region of the liquid crystal element 180.

  The liquid crystal element 180 is a reflective liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element 180 has a stacked structure in which an electrode 311a functioning as a pixel electrode, a liquid crystal layer 112, and an electrode 113 are stacked. An electrode 311b that reflects visible light is provided in contact with the substrate 351 side of the electrode 311a. The electrode 311b has an opening 451. The electrode 311a and the electrode 113 transmit visible light. An alignment film 133a is provided between the liquid crystal layer 112 and the electrode 311a. An alignment film 133 b is provided between the liquid crystal layer 112 and the electrode 113.

  In the liquid crystal element 180, the electrode 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and the electrode 113 has a function of transmitting visible light. Light incident from the substrate 361 side is polarized by the polarizing plate 135, passes through the electrode 113 and the liquid crystal layer 112, and is reflected by the electrode 311b. Then, the light passes through the liquid crystal layer 112 and the electrode 113 again and reaches the polarizing plate 135. At this time, the alignment of the liquid crystal can be controlled by the voltage applied between the electrode 311b and the electrode 113, and the optical modulation of light can be controlled. That is, the intensity of light emitted through the polarizing plate 135 can be controlled. In addition, light that is not in a specific wavelength region is absorbed by the colored layer 131, so that the extracted light is, for example, red light.

  As shown in FIG. 13, an electrode 311 a that transmits visible light is preferably provided in the opening 451. Thereby, since the liquid crystal layer 112 is aligned in the region overlapping with the opening 451 as well as the other regions, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unintentional light leakage due to poor alignment of the liquid crystal at the boundary between these regions. .

  In the connection portion 207, the electrode 311b is electrically connected to the conductive layer 222a included in the transistor 206 through the conductive layer 221b. The transistor 206 has a function of controlling driving of the liquid crystal element 180.

  As the liquid crystal element 180, liquid crystal elements to which various modes are applied can be used. As the liquid crystal material, either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used, and an optimal liquid crystal material may be used according to an applied mode or design. An alignment film can be provided to control the alignment of the liquid crystal.

  Note that in the case where a reflective liquid crystal element is used as the liquid crystal element 180, a polarizing plate 135 may be provided on the display surface side. In addition to the polarizing plate 135, it is preferable to dispose a light diffusing plate on the display surface side because the visibility can be improved.

  Note that a front light may be provided outside the polarizing plate 135. As the front light, an edge light type front light is preferably used. It is preferable to use a front light including an LED (Light Emitting Diode) because power consumption can be reduced.

  A connection portion 252 is provided in a part of the region where the adhesive layer 141 is provided. In the connection portion 252, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the electrode 311 a and a part of the electrode 113 are electrically connected by a connection body 243. Therefore, a signal or a potential input from the FPC 372 connected to the substrate 351 side can be supplied to the electrode 113 formed on the substrate 361 side through the connection portion 252.

  As the connection body 243, for example, conductive particles can be used. Moreover, the connection body 243 may become a shape crushed in the up-down direction as shown in FIG. By being crushed in the vertical direction, the contact area between the connection body 243 and the conductive layer electrically connected to the connection body 243 can be increased, the contact resistance can be reduced, and the occurrence of defects such as poor connection can be suppressed. be able to.

  The connection body 243 is preferably disposed so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 141. For example, the connection body 243 may be disposed after applying a paste or the like to be the adhesive layer 141.

  The light emitting element 170 is a bottom emission type light emitting element. The light-emitting element 170 has a stacked structure in which an electrode 191 that functions as a pixel electrode, an EL layer 192, and an electrode 193 that functions as a common electrode are stacked in this order from the insulating layer 220 side. The electrode 191 is connected to the conductive layer 222 b included in the transistor 205 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 214. The transistor 205 has a function of controlling driving of the light-emitting element 170. An insulating layer 216 covers the end portion of the electrode 191. The electrode 193 includes a material that reflects visible light, and the electrode 191 includes a material that transmits visible light. An insulating layer 194 is provided to cover the electrode 193. Light emitted from the light-emitting element 170 is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the coloring layer 134, the insulating layer 220, the opening 451, the electrode 311a, and the like.

  The liquid crystal element 180 and the light emitting element 170 can exhibit various colors by changing the color of the colored layer depending on the pixel. The display device 300 can perform color display using the liquid crystal element 180. The display device 300 can perform color display using the light-emitting element 170.

  The circuit electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 180 is preferably formed on the same plane as the circuit electrically connected to the light emitting element 170. Thereby, the thickness of the display device can be reduced as compared with the case where the two circuits are formed on different surfaces. Further, since the two transistors can be manufactured in the same process, the manufacturing process can be simplified as compared with the case where the two transistors are formed over different surfaces.

  The pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element 180 is positioned opposite to the pixel electrode of the light-emitting element 170 with a gate insulating layer included in the transistor interposed therebetween.

  Here, the liquid crystal element 180 is used when a transistor 206 having a metal oxide in a channel formation region and having extremely low off-state current or a memory element electrically connected to the transistor 206 is used. Thus, even when the writing operation to the pixel is stopped when displaying a still image, the gradation can be maintained. That is, display can be maintained even if the frame rate is extremely small. In one embodiment of the present invention, the frame rate can be extremely small, and driving with low power consumption can be performed.

[Metal oxide]
Here, the transistor 206 which has a metal oxide in a channel formation region and has extremely low off-state current is described. As the metal oxide used for the channel formation region, a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is preferably used.

  The oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it is preferable to contain indium and zinc. In addition to these, it is preferable that aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like is contained. Further, one kind or plural kinds selected from boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, or the like may be included.

  Here, a case where the oxide semiconductor is InMZnO containing indium, the element M, and zinc is considered. The element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like. Other elements applicable to the element M include boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium. However, the element M may be a combination of a plurality of the aforementioned elements.

  Note that in this specification and the like, metal oxides containing nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides. Further, a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.

<Composition of metal oxide>
A structure of a CAC (Cloud Aligned Complementary) -OS that can be used for the transistor disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention is described below.

  In addition, in this specification etc., it may describe as CAAC (c-axis aligned crystal) and CAC (cloud aligned complementary). Note that CAAC represents an example of a crystal structure, and CAC represents an example of a function or a material structure.

  The CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of the material and an insulating function in part of the material, and the whole material has a function as a semiconductor. Note that in the case where a CAC-OS or a CAC-metal oxide is used for an active layer of a transistor, the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers, and the insulating function is an electron serving as carriers. It is a function that does not flow. By performing the conductive function and the insulating function in a complementary manner, a switching function (function to turn on / off) can be given to the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide. In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, by separating each function, both functions can be maximized.

  Further, the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region. The conductive region has the above-described conductive function, and the insulating region has the above-described insulating function. In the material, the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level. In addition, the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively. In addition, the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.

  In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, the conductive region and the insulating region are each dispersed in a material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm. There is.

  Further, CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps. For example, CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region. In the case of the configuration, when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap. In addition, the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel region of a transistor, high current driving capability, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.

  That is, CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be referred to as a matrix composite or a metal matrix composite.

<Structure of metal oxide>
An oxide semiconductor is classified into a single crystal oxide semiconductor and a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor. Examples of the non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor include a CAAC-OS (c-axis aligned crystal oxide semiconductor), a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), and a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like oxide semiconductor). OS: amorphous-like oxide semiconductor) and amorphous oxide semiconductor.

  The CAAC-OS has a c-axis orientation and a crystal structure in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the ab plane direction and have a strain. Note that the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region where the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region where another lattice arrangement is aligned in a region where a plurality of nanocrystals are connected.

  Nanocrystals are based on hexagons, but are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons. In addition, there may be a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon in the distortion. Note that in the CAAC-OS, a clear crystal grain boundary (also referred to as a grain boundary) cannot be confirmed even in the vicinity of strain. That is, it can be seen that the formation of crystal grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the atomic arrangement is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to substitution of metal elements. Conceivable.

  The CAAC-OS includes a layered crystal in which a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as In layer) and a layer including elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M, Zn) layers) are stacked. There is a tendency to have a structure (also called a layered structure). Note that indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M in the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can also be expressed as an (In, M, Zn) layer. Further, when indium in the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can also be expressed as an (In, M) layer.

  The CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity. On the other hand, since CAAC-OS cannot confirm a clear crystal grain boundary, it can be said that a decrease in electron mobility due to the crystal grain boundary hardly occurs. In addition, since the crystallinity of an oxide semiconductor may be deteriorated due to entry of impurities, generation of defects, or the like, the CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, the physical properties of the oxide semiconductor including a CAAC-OS are stable. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including a CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.

  The nc-OS has periodicity in atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm). In addition, the nc-OS has no regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, orientation is not seen in the whole film. Therefore, the nc-OS may not be distinguished from an a-like OS or an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on an analysis method.

  The a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between the nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor. The a-like OS has a void or a low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.

  Oxide semiconductors have various structures and different properties. The oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.

[Transistor having oxide semiconductor]
Next, the case where the above oxide semiconductor is used for a transistor is described.

  Note that by using the oxide semiconductor for a transistor, a transistor with high field-effect mobility can be realized. In addition, a highly reliable transistor can be realized.

For the transistor, an oxide semiconductor with low carrier density is preferably used. In the case where the carrier density of the oxide semiconductor film is decreased, the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be decreased and the defect level density may be decreased. In this specification and the like, a low impurity concentration and a low density of defect states are referred to as high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic. For example, the oxide semiconductor has a carrier density of less than 8 × 10 ¹¹ / cm ³ , preferably less than 1 × 10 ¹¹ / cm ³ , more preferably less than 1 × 10 ¹⁰ / cm ³ , and 1 × 10 ⁻⁹ / What is necessary is just to be cm ³ or more.

  In addition, a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor film has a low density of defect states, and thus may have a low density of trap states.

  In addition, the charge trapped in the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high trap state density may have unstable electrical characteristics.

  Therefore, in order to stabilize the electrical characteristics of the transistor, it is effective to reduce the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor. In order to reduce the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor, it is preferable to reduce the impurity concentration in an adjacent film. Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.

<Impurity>
Here, the influence of each impurity in the oxide semiconductor is described.

In the oxide semiconductor, when silicon or carbon which is one of Group 14 elements is included, a defect level is formed in the oxide semiconductor. Therefore, the concentration of silicon or carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon or carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the oxide semiconductor (concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)) are 2 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less, preferably 2 × 10 ¹⁷ atoms / cm ³ or less.

In addition, when the oxide semiconductor contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, a defect level is formed and carriers may be generated in some cases. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is likely to be normally on. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor. Specifically, the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less, preferably 2 × 10 ¹⁶ atoms / cm ³ or less.

In addition, when nitrogen is contained in an oxide semiconductor, electrons serving as carriers are generated, the carrier density is increased, and the oxide semiconductor is likely to be n-type. As a result, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing nitrogen as a semiconductor is likely to be normally on. Accordingly, nitrogen in the oxide semiconductor is preferably reduced as much as possible. For example, the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor is less than 5 × 10 ¹⁹ atoms / cm ^{3 in} SIMS, preferably 5 × 10 ^18. atoms / cm ³ or less, more preferably 1 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less, and even more preferably 5 × 10 ¹⁷ atoms / cm ³ or less.

In addition, hydrogen contained in the oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to become water, so that an oxygen vacancy may be formed in some cases. When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons serving as carriers may be generated. In addition, a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to generate electrons as carriers. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen is likely to be normally on. For this reason, it is preferable that hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor be reduced as much as possible. Specifically, in an oxide semiconductor, the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 × 10 ²⁰ atoms / cm ³ , preferably less than 1 × 10 ¹⁹ atoms / cm ³ , more preferably 5 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm 3. Less than ³ , more preferably less than 1 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ .

  By using an oxide semiconductor in which impurities are sufficiently reduced for the channel region of the transistor, stable electrical characteristics can be imparted.

  The transistor 203 is a transistor (also referred to as a switching transistor or a selection transistor) that controls pixel selection / non-selection. The transistor 205 is a transistor (also referred to as a drive transistor) that controls a current flowing through the light-emitting element 170.

  Insulating layers such as an insulating layer 211, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, and an insulating layer 214 are provided on the substrate 351 side of the insulating layer 220. A part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor. The insulating layer 212 is provided so as to cover the transistor 206 and the like. The insulating layer 213 is provided so as to cover the transistor 205 and the like. The insulating layer 214 functions as a planarization layer. Note that the number of insulating layers covering the transistor is not limited, and may be a single layer or two or more layers.

  It is preferable to use a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen hardly diffuse for at least one of the insulating layers covering each transistor. Thereby, the insulating layer can function as a barrier film. With such a structure, impurities can be effectively prevented from diffusing from the outside with respect to the transistor, and a highly reliable display device can be realized.

  The transistor 201, the transistor 203, the transistor 205, and the transistor 206 include a conductive layer 221a that functions as a gate, an insulating layer 211 that functions as a gate insulating layer, a conductive layer 222a and a conductive layer 222b that function as a source and a drain, and a semiconductor layer 231. Here, the same hatching pattern is given to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.

  In addition to the structures of the transistor 203 and the transistor 206, the transistor 201 and the transistor 205 include a conductive layer 223 that functions as a gate.

  A structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to the transistor 201 and the transistor 205. With such a structure, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be controlled. The transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and supplying the same signal thereto. Such a transistor can have higher field-effect mobility than other transistors, and can increase on-state current. As a result, a circuit that can be driven at high speed can be manufactured. Furthermore, the area occupied by the circuit portion can be reduced. By applying a transistor with a large on-state current, even if the number of wirings increases when the display device is enlarged or high-definition, signal delay in each wiring can be reduced, and display unevenness is suppressed. can do.

  Alternatively, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and applying a potential for driving to the other of the two gates.

  There is no limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device. The transistor included in the circuit 364 and the transistor included in the display portion 362 may have the same structure or different structures. The plurality of transistors included in the circuit 364 may have the same structure, or two or more structures may be used in combination. Similarly, the plurality of transistors included in the display portion 362 may have the same structure, or two or more structures may be used in combination.

  A colored layer 134 is provided in contact with the insulating layer 213. The colored layer 134 is covered with the insulating layer 214.

  A connection portion 204 is provided in a region of the substrate 351 that does not overlap with the substrate 361. In the connection portion 204, the wiring 365 is electrically connected to the FPC 372 through the connection layer 242. The connection unit 204 has the same configuration as the connection unit 207. On the upper surface of the connection portion 204, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the electrode 311a is exposed. Accordingly, the connection unit 204 and the FPC 372 can be electrically connected via the connection layer 242.

  A linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 135 disposed on the outer surface of the substrate 361, but a circular polarizing plate may also be used. As a circularly-polarizing plate, what laminated | stacked the linearly-polarizing plate and the quarter wavelength phase difference plate, for example can be used. Thereby, external light reflection can be suppressed. In addition, a desired contrast may be realized by adjusting a cell gap, an alignment, a driving voltage, and the like of the liquid crystal element used for the liquid crystal element 180 in accordance with the type of the polarizing plate.

  Various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 361. Examples of the optical member include a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, a light diffusion layer (such as a diffusion film), an antireflection layer, and a light collecting film. Further, on the outside of the substrate 361, an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult to adhere dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses generation of scratches due to use, and the like may be arranged.

<Configuration example 2>
A display device 300A illustrated in FIG. 14 is different from the display device 300 mainly in that it does not include the transistor 201, the transistor 203, the transistor 205, and the transistor 206 but includes the transistor 281, the transistor 284, the transistor 285, and the transistor 286. .

  In FIG. 14, the positions of the insulating layer 117, the connection portion 207, and the like are also different from those in FIG. FIG. 14 illustrates an end portion of a pixel. The insulating layer 117 is disposed so as to overlap the end portion of the colored layer 131. Further, the insulating layer 117 is disposed so as to overlap the end portion of the light shielding layer 132. As described above, the insulating layer may be disposed in a portion that does not overlap the display region (portion that overlaps the light shielding layer 132).

  Like the transistor 284 and the transistor 285, two transistors included in the display device may be partially stacked. Thereby, since the area occupied by the pixel circuit can be reduced, the definition can be increased. In addition, the light emitting area of the light emitting element 170 can be increased and the aperture ratio can be improved. If the light-emitting element 170 has a high aperture ratio, the current density for obtaining necessary luminance can be reduced, so that reliability is improved.

  The transistor 281, the transistor 284, and the transistor 286 each include a conductive layer 221a, an insulating layer 211, a semiconductor layer 231, a conductive layer 222a, and a conductive layer 222b. The conductive layer 221a overlaps with the semiconductor layer 231 with the insulating layer 211 interposed therebetween. The conductive layer 222 a and the conductive layer 222 b are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 231. The transistor 281 includes a conductive layer 223.

  The transistor 285 includes a conductive layer 222b, an insulating layer 217, a semiconductor layer 261, a conductive layer 223, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, a conductive layer 263a, and a conductive layer 263b. The conductive layer 222b overlaps with the semiconductor layer 261 with the insulating layer 217 interposed therebetween. The conductive layer 223 overlaps with the semiconductor layer 261 with the insulating layer 212 and the insulating layer 213 interposed therebetween. The conductive layer 263a and the conductive layer 263b are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 261.

  The conductive layer 221a functions as a gate. The insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer. The conductive layer 222a functions as one of a source and a drain. The conductive layer 222b included in the transistor 286 functions as the other of the source and the drain.

  The conductive layer 222b shared by the transistor 284 and the transistor 285 includes a portion functioning as the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 284 and a portion functioning as the gate of the transistor 285. The insulating layer 217, the insulating layer 212, and the insulating layer 213 function as gate insulating layers. One of the conductive layer 263a and the conductive layer 263b functions as a source, and the other functions as a drain. The conductive layer 223 functions as a gate.

<Configuration example 3>
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the display portion of the display device 300B.

  A display device 300B illustrated in FIG. 15 includes a transistor 40, a transistor 80, a liquid crystal element 180, a light-emitting element 170, an insulating layer 220, a coloring layer 131, a coloring layer 134, and the like between a substrate 351 and a substrate 361.

  In the liquid crystal element 180, the external light is reflected by the electrode 311b, and the reflected light is emitted to the substrate 361 side. The light emitting element 170 emits light to the substrate 361 side. For the structures of the liquid crystal element 180 and the light emitting element 170, Structure Example 1 can be referred to.

  The substrate 361 is provided with a coloring layer 131, an insulating layer 121, an electrode 113 functioning as a common electrode of the liquid crystal element 180, and an alignment film 133b.

  The liquid crystal layer 112 is sandwiched between the electrode 311a and the electrode 113 through the alignment film 133a and the alignment film 133b.

  The transistor 40 is covered with an insulating layer 212 and an insulating layer 213. The insulating layer 213 and the colored layer 134 are attached to the insulating layer 194 with an adhesive layer 142.

  In the display device 300B, the transistor 40 that drives the liquid crystal element 180 and the transistor 80 that drives the light-emitting element 170 are formed over different surfaces, and thus a structure and a material suitable for driving each display element are used. It is easy to form.

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, a more specific structure example of the display device described in Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 16A is a block diagram of the display device 400. The display device 400 includes a display unit 362, a circuit GD, and a circuit SD. The display portion 362 includes a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a matrix.

  The display device 400 includes a plurality of wirings G1, a plurality of wirings G2, a plurality of wirings ANO, a plurality of wirings CSCOM, a plurality of wirings S1, and a plurality of wirings S2. The plurality of wirings G1, the plurality of wirings G2, the plurality of wirings ANO, and the plurality of wirings CSCOM are electrically connected to the plurality of pixels 410 and the circuit GD arranged in the direction indicated by the arrow R, respectively. The plurality of wirings S1 and the plurality of wirings S2 are electrically connected to the plurality of pixels 410 and the circuit SD arranged in the direction indicated by the arrow C, respectively.

  Note that, here, for the sake of simplicity, a configuration including one circuit GD and one circuit SD is shown; however, the circuit GD and the circuit SD that drive the liquid crystal element and the circuit GD and the circuit SD that drive the light emitting element are separately provided. May be provided.

  The pixel 410 includes a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element.

  FIG. 16B1 and FIG. 16B4 illustrate structural examples of the electrode 311 included in the pixel 410. The electrode 311 functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element. An opening 451 is provided in the electrode 311 in FIGS. 16B1 and 16B2.

  In FIGS. 16B1 and 16B2, the light-emitting element 360 located in a region overlapping with the electrode 311 is indicated by a broken line. The light emitting element 360 is disposed so as to overlap with the opening 451 included in the electrode 311. Thereby, the light emitted from the light emitting element 360 is emitted to the display surface side through the opening 451.

  In FIG. 16B1, the pixels 410 adjacent in the direction indicated by the arrow R are pixels corresponding to different colors. At this time, as illustrated in FIG. 16B1, in two pixels adjacent to each other in the direction indicated by the arrow R, it is preferable that the openings 451 are provided at different positions so as not to be arranged in a line. Accordingly, the two light-emitting elements 360 can be separated from each other, and a phenomenon (also referred to as crosstalk) in which light emitted from the light-emitting elements 360 enters the colored layer of the adjacent pixel 410 can be suppressed. In addition, since the two adjacent light emitting elements 360 can be arranged apart from each other, a display device with high definition can be realized even when the EL layer of the light emitting element 360 is separately formed using a shadow mask or the like.

  In FIG. 16B2, the pixels 410 adjacent in the direction indicated by the arrow C are pixels corresponding to different colors. Similarly in FIG. 16B2, similarly, in two pixels adjacent in the direction indicated by the arrow C, the openings 451 are preferably provided at different positions so that the electrodes 311 are not arranged in a line.

  The smaller the value of the ratio of the total area of the openings 451 to the total area of the non-openings, the brighter the display using the liquid crystal element. In addition, as the value of the ratio of the total area of the openings 451 to the total area of the non-openings is larger, the display using the light emitting element 360 can be brightened.

  The shape of the opening 451 can be, for example, a polygon, a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, a cross, or the like. Moreover, it is good also as an elongated streak shape, a slit shape, and a checkered shape. Further, the opening 451 may be arranged close to adjacent pixels. Preferably, the opening 451 is arranged close to other pixels displaying the same color. Thereby, crosstalk can be suppressed.

  In addition, as illustrated in FIGS. 16B3 and 16B4, the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 360 may be located in a portion where the electrode 311 is not provided. Thereby, the light emitted from the light emitting element 360 is emitted to the display surface side.

  In FIG. 16B3, the light emitting elements 360 are not arranged in a line in the two pixels 410 adjacent in the direction indicated by the arrow R. In FIG. 16B4, the light emitting elements 360 are arranged in a line in two pixels adjacent in the direction indicated by the arrow R.

  In the structure in FIG. 16B3, the light-emitting elements 360 included in the two adjacent pixels 410 can be separated from each other. Therefore, as described above, crosstalk can be suppressed and higher definition can be achieved. 16B4, the electrode 311 is not positioned on the side parallel to the arrow C of the light-emitting element 360. Therefore, the light of the light-emitting element 360 can be prevented from being blocked by the electrode 311 and a high viewing angle can be obtained. The characteristics can be realized.

  Various sequential circuits such as a shift register can be used for the circuit GD. A transistor, a capacitor, or the like can be used for the circuit GD. A transistor included in the circuit GD can be formed in the same process as the transistor included in the pixel 410.

  The circuit SD is electrically connected to the wiring S1. For the circuit SD, for example, an integrated circuit can be used. Specifically, an integrated circuit formed on a silicon substrate can be used for the circuit SD.

  For example, the circuit SD can be mounted on a pad electrically connected to the pixel 410 by using a COG method, a COF method, or the like. Specifically, an integrated circuit can be mounted on the pad using an anisotropic conductive film.

  FIG. 17 is an example of a circuit diagram of the pixel 410. In FIG. 17, two adjacent pixels 410 are shown.

  The pixel 410 includes a switch SW1, a capacitor C1, a liquid crystal element 340, a switch SW2, a transistor M, a capacitor C2, a light emitting element 360, and the like. In addition, a wiring G1, a wiring G2, a wiring ANO, a wiring CSCOM, a wiring S1, and a wiring S2 are electrically connected to the pixel 410. In FIG. 17, a wiring VCOM1 electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340 and a wiring VCOM2 electrically connected to the light emitting element 360 are illustrated.

  FIG. 17 shows an example in which transistors are used for the switch SW1 and the switch SW2.

  The gate of the switch SW1 is connected to the wiring G1. One of the source and the drain of the switch SW1 is connected to the wiring S1, and the other is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 340. The other electrode of the capacitive element C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to the wiring VCOM1.

  The gate of the switch SW2 is connected to the wiring G2. One of the source and the drain of the switch SW2 is connected to the wiring S2, and the other is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2 and the gate of the transistor M. The other electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M and the wiring ANO. The other of the source and the drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light emitting element 360 is connected to the wiring VCOM2.

  FIG. 17 shows an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor and these are connected. As a result, the current that can be passed by the transistor M can be increased.

  A signal for controlling the switch SW1 to be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be supplied to the wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal element 340 can be supplied to the wiring S1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring CSCOM.

  A signal for controlling the switch SW2 to be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be supplied to the wiring G2. The wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO can each be supplied with a potential at which a potential difference generated by the light emitting element 360 emits light. A signal for controlling the conduction state of the transistor M can be supplied to the wiring S2.

  For example, when performing display in a reflection mode, the pixel 410 illustrated in FIG. 17 can be driven by a signal supplied to the wiring G1 and the wiring S1 and can display using optical modulation by the liquid crystal element 340. In the case where display is performed in the transmissive mode, display can be performed by driving the light-emitting element 360 by driving with signals supplied to the wiring G2 and the wiring S2. In the case of driving in both modes, the driving can be performed by signals given to the wiring G1, the wiring G2, the wiring S1, and the wiring S2.

  Note that although FIG. 17 illustrates an example in which one pixel 410 includes one liquid crystal element 340 and one light emitting element 360, the present invention is not limited thereto. FIG. 18A illustrates an example in which one pixel 410 includes one liquid crystal element 340 and four light-emitting elements 360 (light-emitting elements 360r, 360g, 360b, and 360w). Unlike the pixel 410 in FIG. 17, the pixel 410 illustrated in FIG. 18A can perform full color display using a light-emitting element.

  In FIG. 18A, in addition to the example in FIG. 17, the wiring G3 and the wiring S3 are connected to the pixel 410.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 18A, for example, light emitting elements that exhibit red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W) can be used as the four light emitting elements 360, respectively. As the liquid crystal element 340, a reflective liquid crystal element exhibiting white can be used. Thereby, when displaying in reflection mode, white display with high reflectance can be performed. In addition, when display is performed in the transmissive mode, display with high color rendering properties can be performed with low power.

  FIG. 18B illustrates a configuration example of the pixel 410 corresponding to FIG. The pixel 410 includes a light-emitting element 360 w that overlaps with an opening included in the electrode 311, and a light-emitting element 360 r, a light-emitting element 360 g, and a light-emitting element 360 b that are disposed around the electrode 311. The light emitting element 360r, the light emitting element 360g, and the light emitting element 360b preferably have substantially the same light emitting area.

  This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, a structure of an input / output panel that can be used as the input / output device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 19 illustrates the structure of the input / output panel of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a pixel included in the input / output panel.

  FIG. 20 illustrates the structure of the input / output panel of one embodiment of the present invention. 20A is a cross-sectional view for explaining the structure of the functional film of the input / output panel shown in FIG. 19, FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the structure of a 2nd unit, FIG.20 (D) is sectional drawing explaining the structure of a 1st unit.

  In the present specification, a variable having an integer value of 1 or more may be used for the sign. For example, (p) including a variable p that takes an integer value of 1 or more may be used as a part of a code that identifies any of the maximum p components. Further, for example, a variable m that takes an integer value of 1 or more and (m, n) including a variable n may be used as part of a code that identifies any one of the maximum m × n components.

  The input / output panel 700TP3 described in this configuration example includes a pixel 702 (i, j) (see FIG. 19). The input / output panel 700TP3 includes the first unit 10, the second unit 20, the input unit 30, and a functional film 770P (see FIG. 20). The first unit 10 includes a functional layer 620, and the second unit 20 includes a functional layer 720.

<< Pixel 702 (i, j) >>
The pixel 702 (i, j) includes a part of the functional layer 620, a first display element 750 (i, j), and a second display element 650 (i, j) (see FIG. 19). .

  The functional layer 620 includes a first conductive film, a second conductive film, an insulating film 601C, and a pixel circuit 630 (i, j). Note that the pixel circuit 630 (i, j) (not shown) includes, for example, a transistor M. The functional layer 620 includes an optical element 660, a coating film 665, and a lens 680. The functional layer 620 includes an insulating film 628 and an insulating film 621. A material in which the insulating films 621A and 621B are stacked can be used for the insulating film 621.

  For example, a material having a refractive index of 1.55 can be used for the insulating film 621A or the insulating film 621B. Alternatively, a material with a refractive index of 1.6 can be used for the insulating film 621A or the insulating film 621B. Alternatively, acrylic resin or polyimide can be used for the insulating film 621A or the insulating film 621B.

  The insulating film 601C includes a region sandwiched between the first conductive film and the second conductive film, and the insulating film 601C includes an opening 691A.

  The first conductive film is electrically connected to the first display element 750 (i, j). Specifically, it is electrically connected to the electrode 751 (i, j) of the first display element 750 (i, j). Note that the electrode 751 (i, j) can be used for the first conductive film.

  The second conductive film includes a region overlapping with the first conductive film. The second conductive film is electrically connected to the first conductive film in the opening 691A. For example, the conductive film 612B can be used for the second conductive film. The second conductive film is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 630 (i, j). For example, a conductive film functioning as a source electrode or a drain electrode of a transistor used for the switch SW1 of the pixel circuit 630 (i, j) can be used for the second conductive film. By the way, the first conductive film electrically connected to the second conductive film in the opening 691A provided in the insulating film 601C can be referred to as a through electrode.

  The second display element 650 (i, j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 630 (i, j). The second display element 650 (i, j) has a function of emitting light toward the functional layer 620. Further, the second display element 650 (i, j) has a function of emitting light toward the lens 680 or the optical element 660, for example.

  The second display element 650 (i, j) is disposed so as to be visible in a part of a range where the first display element 750 (i, j) can be visually recognized. For example, a shape including a region 751H that does not block light emitted from the second display element 650 (i, j) is used for the electrode 751 (i, j) of the first display element 750 (i, j). The direction in which the external light is incident and reflected on the first display element 750 (i, j) that displays the image information by controlling the intensity of reflecting the external light is shown in the drawing by using a broken arrow. In addition, the direction in which the second display element 650 (i, j) emits light in a part of the range where the first display element 750 (i, j) can be visually recognized is shown in the drawing using solid arrows. .

  Thereby, the display using the 2nd display element can be visually recognized in a part of field which can visually recognize the display using the 1st display element. Alternatively, the user can visually recognize the display without changing the posture of the input / output panel. Alternatively, the object color expressed by the light reflected by the first display element can be multiplied by the light source color expressed by the light emitted by the second display element. Alternatively, a pictorial display can be performed using the object color and the light source color. As a result, a novel input / output panel that is highly convenient or reliable can be provided.

  For example, the first display element 750 (i, j) includes an electrode 751 (i, j), an electrode 752, and a layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material. In addition, an alignment film AF1 and an alignment film AF2 are provided. Specifically, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used for the first display element 750 (i, j).

  For example, a transparent conductive film having a refractive index of 2.0 can be used for the electrode 752 or the electrode 751 (i, j). Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon can be used for the electrode 752 or the electrode 751 (i, j). Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of 1.6 can be used for the alignment film.

  For example, the second display element 650 (i, j) includes an electrode 651 (i, j), an electrode 652, and a layer 653 (j) containing a light-emitting material. The electrode 652 includes a region overlapping with the electrode 651 (i, j). The layer 653 (j) containing a light-emitting material includes a region sandwiched between the electrode 651 (i, j) and the electrode 652. The electrode 651 (i, j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 630 (i, j) at the connection portion 622. Specifically, an organic EL element can be used for the second display element 650 (i, j).

  For example, a transparent conductive film having a refractive index of 2.0 can be used for the electrode 651 (i, j). Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon can be used for the electrode 651 (i, j). Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of 1.8 can be used for the layer 653 (j) containing a light-emitting material.

  The optical element 660 has translucency, and the optical element 660 includes a first region, a second region, and a third region.

  The first region includes a region to which visible light is supplied from the second display element 650 (i, j), the second region includes a region in contact with the coating film 665, and the third region is visible light. A function to inject a part is provided. The third region has an area equal to or smaller than the area of the first region to which visible light is supplied.

  The coating film 665 has reflectivity with respect to visible light, and the coating film 665 has a function of reflecting a part of visible light and supplying it to the third region.

  For example, a metal can be used for the coating film 665. Specifically, a material containing silver can be used for the coating film 665. For example, a material containing silver, palladium, or the like, or a material containing silver, copper, or the like can be used for the coating film 665.

<Lens 680>
A material that transmits visible light can be used for the lens 680. Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of 1.3 to 2.5 can be used for the lens 680. For example, an inorganic material or an organic material can be used for the lens 680.

  For example, a material containing an oxide or sulfide can be used for the lens 680.

  Specifically, cerium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zinc oxide, oxide containing indium and tin, oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc, etc. Can be used for the lens 680. Alternatively, zinc sulfide or the like can be used for the lens 680.

  For example, a material including a resin can be used for the lens 680. Specifically, a resin in which chlorine, bromine, or iodine is introduced, a resin in which heavy metal atoms are introduced, a resin in which an aromatic ring is introduced, a resin in which sulfur is introduced, or the like can be used for the lens 680. Alternatively, a resin including nanoparticles of a material having a higher refractive index than that of the resin can be used for the lens 680. Titanium oxide or zirconium oxide can be used for the nanoparticles.

<< Functional layer 720 >>
The functional layer 720 includes a region sandwiched between the substrate 770 and the insulating film 601C. The functional layer 720 includes an insulating film 771 and a colored film CF1.

  The colored film CF1 includes a region sandwiched between the substrate 770 and the first display element 750 (i, j).

  The insulating film 771 includes a region sandwiched between the coloring film CF1 and the layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material. Thereby, the unevenness | corrugation based on the thickness of colored film CF1 can be made flat. Alternatively, diffusion of impurities from the coloring film CF1 or the like to the layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material can be suppressed.

  For example, an acrylic resin with a refractive index of 1.55 can be used for the insulating film 771.

<< Substrate 670, Substrate 770 >>
The input / output panel described in this embodiment includes a substrate 670 and a substrate 770.

  The substrate 770 includes a region overlapping with the substrate 670. The substrate 770 includes a region that sandwiches the functional layer 620 with the substrate 670.

  The substrate 770 includes a region overlapping with the first display element 750 (i, j). For example, a material in which birefringence is suppressed can be used for the region.

  For example, a resin material having a refractive index of 1.5 can be used for the substrate 770.

<< Junction Layer 605 >>
In addition, the input / output panel described in this embodiment includes a bonding layer 605.

  The bonding layer 605 includes a region sandwiched between the functional layer 620 and the substrate 670 and has a function of bonding the functional layer 620 and the substrate 670 together.

<< Structure KB1, Structure KB2 >>
The input / output panel described in this embodiment includes a structure KB1 and a structure KB2.

  The structure KB1 has a function of providing a predetermined gap between the functional layer 620 and the substrate 770. The structure KB1 includes a region overlapping with the region 751H, and the structure KB1 has a light-transmitting property. Thereby, the light emitted by the second display element 650 (i, j) can be supplied to one surface and emitted from the other surface.

  In addition, the structure KB1 includes a region overlapping with the optical element 660. For example, a material selected so that the difference from the refractive index of the material used for the optical element 660 is 0.2 or less is used for the structure KB1. Thereby, the light which a 2nd display element inject | emits can be utilized efficiently. Alternatively, the area of the second display element can be increased. Or the density of the electric current sent through an organic EL element can be lowered | hung.

  The structure KB2 has a function of controlling the thickness of the polarizing layer 770PB to a predetermined thickness. The structure KB2 includes a region overlapping with the second display element 650 (i, j), and the structure KB2 has a light-transmitting property.

  Alternatively, a material that transmits light of a predetermined color can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. Thereby, the structure KB1 or the structure KB2 can be used for a color filter, for example. For example, a material that transmits blue, green, or red light can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. A material that transmits yellow light, white light, or the like can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2.

  Specifically, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polysiloxane, acrylic resin, or the like, or a composite material of a plurality of resins selected from these can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. Alternatively, a material having photosensitivity may be used.

  For example, an acrylic resin having a refractive index of 1.5 can be used for the structure KB1. An acrylic resin with a refractive index of 1.55 can be used for the structure KB2.

<< Input unit 30 >>
The input unit 30 includes a detection element. The detection element has a function of detecting an element close to a region overlapping with the pixel 702 (i, j). Accordingly, position information can be input using a finger or the like that is brought close to the display unit as a pointer.

  For example, a capacitive proximity sensor, an electromagnetic induction proximity sensor, an optical proximity sensor, a resistive proximity sensor, or a surface acoustic wave proximity sensor can be used for the input unit 30. Specifically, a proximity sensor of a surface type capacitance method, a projection type capacitance method, or an infrared detection type can be used.

  For example, a touch sensor having a refractive index of 1.6 including a capacitive proximity sensor can be used for the input unit 30.

<< Functional film 770D, functional film 770P, etc. >>
The input / output panel 700TP3 described in this embodiment includes a functional film 770D and a functional film 770P.

  The functional film 770D includes a region overlapping with the first display element 750 (i, j). The functional film 770D includes a region sandwiching the first display element 750 (i, j) between the functional layer 620 and the functional film 770D.

  For example, a light diffusion film can be used for the functional film 770D. Specifically, a material having a columnar structure including an axis along a direction intersecting the surface of the base material can be used for the functional film 770D. Thereby, light can be easily transmitted in a direction along the axis and can be easily scattered in other directions. Alternatively, for example, light reflected by the first display element 750 (i, j) can be diffused.

  The functional film 770P includes the polarizing layer 770PB, the retardation film 770PA, or the structure KB2. The polarizing layer 770PB includes an opening, and the retardation film 770PA includes a region overlapping with the polarizing layer 770PB. The structure KB2 is provided in the opening.

  For example, a dichroic dye, a liquid crystal material, and a resin can be used for the polarizing layer 770PB. The polarizing layer 770PB has polarizing properties. Accordingly, the functional film 770P can be used for the polarizing plate.

  The polarizing layer 770PB includes a region overlapping with the first display element 750 (i, j), and the structure KB2 includes a region overlapping with the second display element 650 (i, j). Accordingly, the liquid crystal element can be used for the first display element. For example, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used for the first display element. Alternatively, light emitted from the second display element can be extracted efficiently. Or the density of the electric current sent through an organic EL element can be lowered | hung. Or the reliability of an organic EL element can be improved.

  For example, an antireflection film, a polarizing film, or a retardation film can be used for the functional film 770P. Specifically, a film containing a dichroic dye and a retardation film can be used for the functional film 770P.

  In addition, an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult to adhere dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses generation of scratches due to use, and the like can be used for the functional film 770P.

  For example, a material having a refractive index of 1.6 can be used for the diffusion film. A material having a refractive index of 1.6 can be used for the retardation film 770PA.

  Note that this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments described in this specification as appropriate.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, an electronic device including the display device 510 of one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  A display module 8000 illustrated in FIG. 21A includes a touch panel 8004 connected to an FPC 8003, a display panel 8006 connected to an FPC 8005, a frame 8009, a printed circuit board 8010, and a battery between an upper cover 8001 and a lower cover 8002. 8011.

  For example, the display device 510 of one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the display panel 8006.

  Further, a touch panel may be provided over the display panel 8006.

  The shapes and dimensions of the upper cover 8001 and the lower cover 8002 can be changed as appropriate in accordance with the size of the display panel 8006.

  As the touch panel, a resistive film type or capacitive type touch panel can be used so as to overlap with the display panel 8006. Further, without providing a touch panel, the display panel 8006 can have a touch panel function.

  The frame 8009 has a function as an electromagnetic shield for blocking electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the printed board 8010 in addition to a protective function of the display panel 8006. The frame 8009 may have a function as a heat sink.

  The printed board 8010 includes a power supply circuit, a signal processing circuit for outputting a video signal and a clock signal. As a power supply for supplying power to the power supply circuit, an external commercial power supply may be used, or a power supply using a battery 8011 provided separately may be used. The battery 8011 can be omitted when a commercial power source is used.

  The display module 8000 may be additionally provided with a member such as a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, or a prism sheet.

  FIG. 21B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display module 8000 including an optical touch sensor.

  The display module 8000 includes a light emitting unit 8015 and a light receiving unit 8016 provided on the printed board 8010. Further, a region surrounded by the upper cover 8001 and the lower cover 8002 has a pair of light guide portions (light guide portion 8017a and light guide portion 8017b).

  The display panel 8006 is provided so as to overlap the printed board 8010 and the battery 8011 with a frame 8009 interposed therebetween. The display panel 8006 and the frame 8009 are fixed to the light guide unit 8017a and the light guide unit 8017b.

  Light 8018 emitted from the light emitting unit 8015 passes through the upper part of the display panel 8006 by the light guide unit 8017a and reaches the light receiving unit 8016 through the light guide unit 8017b. For example, the light 8018 is blocked by a detection object such as a finger or a stylus, whereby a touch operation can be detected.

  For example, a plurality of light emitting units 8015 are provided along two adjacent sides of the display panel 8006. A plurality of light receiving portions 8016 are provided at positions facing the light emitting portion 8015 with the display panel 8006 interposed therebetween. Thereby, the information on the position where the touch operation is performed can be acquired.

  The light emitting unit 8015 can use a light source such as an LED element. In particular, as the light emitting unit 8015, it is preferable to use a light source that emits infrared rays that are not visually recognized by the user and are harmless to the user.

  The light receiving unit 8016 can be a photoelectric element that receives light emitted from the light emitting unit 8015 and converts the light into an electrical signal. Preferably, a photodiode capable of receiving infrared light can be used.

  As the light guide portion 8017a and the light guide portion 8017b, a member that transmits at least light 8018 can be used. By using the light guide unit 8017a and the light guide unit 8017b, the light emitting unit 8015 and the light receiving unit 8016 can be arranged below the display panel 8006, and external light reaches the light receiving unit 8016 and the touch sensor malfunctions. Can be suppressed. In particular, it is preferable to use a resin that absorbs visible light and transmits infrared rays. Thereby, malfunction of a touch sensor can be controlled more effectively.

  Electronic devices include, for example, television devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game consoles, personal digital assistants, audio devices Large game machines such as playback devices and pachinko machines are listed.

  In addition, when the system of one embodiment of the present invention is used, a highly convenient display device that meets the user's preference can be realized regardless of the surrounding environment. Therefore, it can be suitably used for a portable electronic device, a wearable electronic device (wearable device), an electronic book terminal, and the like.

  A portable information terminal 800 illustrated in FIGS. 22A and 22B includes a housing 801, a housing 802, a display portion 803, a display portion 804, a hinge portion 805, and the like.

  The housing 801 and the housing 802 are connected by a hinge portion 805. The portable information terminal 800 can be expanded from the folded state (FIG. 22A) as shown in FIG.

  The display device 510 of one embodiment of the present invention can be used for at least one of the display portion 803 and the display portion 804.

  Each of the display unit 803 and the display unit 804 can display at least one of document information, a still image, a moving image, and the like. When displaying document information on the display unit, the portable information terminal 800 can be used as an electronic book terminal.

  Since the portable information terminal 800 can be folded, it has high portability and excellent versatility.

  The housing 801 and the housing 802 may include a power button, an operation button, an external connection port, a speaker, a microphone, and the like.

  A portable information terminal 810 illustrated in FIG. 22C includes a housing 811, a display portion 812, operation buttons 813, an external connection port 814, a speaker 815, a microphone 816, a camera 817, and the like.

  The display device 510 of one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the display portion 812.

  The portable information terminal 810 includes a touch sensor in the display unit 812. Any operation such as making a call or inputting characters can be performed by touching the display portion 812 with a finger or a stylus.

  In addition, by operating the operation button 813, the power can be turned on and off, and the type of image displayed on the display portion 812 can be switched. For example, the mail creation screen can be switched to the main menu screen.

  Further, by providing a detection device such as a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor inside the portable information terminal 810, the orientation (portrait or landscape) of the portable information terminal 810 is determined, and the screen display orientation of the display unit 812 is changed. It can be switched automatically. The screen display orientation can also be switched by touching the display portion 812, operating the operation buttons 813, or inputting voice using the microphone 816.

  The portable information terminal 810 has one or more functions selected from, for example, a telephone, a notebook, an information browsing device, or the like. Specifically, it can be used as a smartphone. The portable information terminal 810 can execute various applications such as mobile phone, electronic mail, text browsing and creation, music playback, video playback, Internet communication, and games.

  A camera 820 illustrated in FIG. 22D includes a housing 821, a display portion 822, operation buttons 823, a shutter button 824, and the like. A removable lens 826 is attached to the camera 820.

  The display device 510 of one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the display portion 822.

  Here, the camera 820 is configured such that the lens 826 can be removed from the housing 821 and replaced, but the lens 826 and the housing 821 may be integrated.

  The camera 820 can capture a still image or a moving image by pressing the shutter button 824. In addition, the display portion 822 has a function as a touch panel and can capture an image by touching the display portion 822.

  The camera 820 can be separately attached with a strobe device, a viewfinder, and the like. Alternatively, these may be incorporated in the housing 821.

  FIG. 23A to FIG. 23E illustrate electronic devices. These electronic devices include a housing 9000, a display portion 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, and a sensor 9007 (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, Includes functions to measure rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared ), A microphone 9008 and the like.

  The display device 510 of one embodiment of the present invention can be favorably used for the display portion 9001.

  The electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 23A to 23E can have a variety of functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for controlling processing by various software (programs), Wireless communication function, function for connecting to various computer networks using the wireless communication function, function for transmitting or receiving various data using the wireless communication function, and reading and displaying the program or data recorded on the recording medium It can have a function of displaying on the section. Note that the functions of the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 23A to 23E are not limited to these, and may have other functions.

  23A is a perspective view illustrating a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 9200, and FIG. 23B is a perspective view illustrating a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 9201.

  A portable information terminal 9200 illustrated in FIG. 23A can execute various applications such as a mobile phone, electronic mail, text browsing and creation, music playback, Internet communication, and computer games. Further, the display portion 9001 is provided with a curved display surface, and can perform display along the curved display surface. In addition, the portable information terminal 9200 can execute short-range wireless communication with a communication standard. For example, it is possible to talk hands-free by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication. In addition, the portable information terminal 9200 includes a connection terminal 9006 and can directly exchange data with other information terminals via a connector. Charging can also be performed through the connection terminal 9006. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power feeding without using the connection terminal 9006.

  A portable information terminal 9201 illustrated in FIG. 23B is different from the portable information terminal illustrated in FIG. 23A in that the display surface of the display portion 9001 is not curved. Further, the external shape of the display portion of the portable information terminal 9201 is a non-rectangular shape (a circular shape in FIG. 23B).

  23C to 23E are perspective views illustrating a foldable portable information terminal 9202. FIG. Note that FIG. 23C is a perspective view of a state in which the portable information terminal 9202 is expanded, and FIG. FIG. 23E is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9202 folded.

  The portable information terminal 9202 is excellent in portability in the folded state, and in the expanded state, the portable information terminal 9202 is excellent in display listability due to a seamless wide display area. A display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9202 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by a hinge 9055. By bending between the two housings 9000 via the hinge 9055, the portable information terminal 9202 can be reversibly deformed from the expanded state to the folded state. For example, the portable information terminal 9202 can be bent with a curvature radius of 1 mm to 150 mm.

  This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

40 Transistor 80 Transistor 100 Display device 112 Liquid crystal layer 113 Electrode 117 Insulating layer 121 Insulating layer 131 Colored layer 132 Light shielding layer 133a Aligned film 133b Aligned film 134 Colored layer 135 Polarizing plate 141 Adhesive layer 142 Adhesive layer 170 Light emitting element 180 Liquid crystal element 191 Electrode 192 EL layer 193 Electrode 194 Insulating layer 201 Transistor 203 Transistor 204 Connection portion 205 Transistor 206 Transistor 207 Connection portion 211 Insulating layer 212 Insulating layer 213 Insulating layer 214 Insulating layer 216 Insulating layer 217 Insulating layer 220 Insulating layer 221a Conducting layer 221b Conducting layer 222a Conductive layer 222b Conductive layer 223 Conductive layer 231 Semiconductor layer 242 Connection layer 243 Connection body 252 Connection portion 261 Semiconductor layer 263a Conductive layer 263b Conductive layer 281 Transistor 284 Transistor Star 285 transistor 286 transistor 300 display device 300A display device 300B display device 311 electrode 311a electrode 311b electrode 340 liquid crystal element 351 substrate 360 light emitting element 360b light emitting element 360g light emitting element 360r light emitting element 360w light emitting element 361 substrate 362 display portion 364 circuit 365 wiring 372 FPC
373 IC
400 display device 410 pixel 451 opening 500 calibration system 510 display device 520 data acquisition device 530 control device 540 storage device 550 processing device 560 processing device 601C insulating film 605 bonding layer 612B conductive film 620 functional layer 621 insulating film 621A insulating film 621B insulating Film 622 Connection portion 628 Insulating film 630 Pixel circuit 650 Display element 651 Electrode 652 Electrode 653 Layer 660 Optical element 665 Cover film 670 Substrate 680 Lens 691A Opening 700TP3 Input / output panel 702 Pixel 720 Functional layer 750 Display element 751 Electrode 751H Region 752 Electrode 753 Layer 770 Substrate 770D Functional film 770P Functional film 770PA Retardation film 770PB Polarizing layer 771 Insulating film 800 Portable information terminal 801 Case 802 Case 803 Display unit 80 Display unit 805 Hinge unit 810 Mobile information terminal 811 Case 812 Display unit 813 Operation button 814 Speaker 816 Microphone 817 Camera 820 Camera 821 Case 822 Display unit 823 Operation button 824 Shutter button 826 Lens 1500 lx Illuminance 2300K Color temperature 8000 Display module 8001 Upper cover 8002 Lower cover 8003 FPC
8004 Touch panel 8005 FPC
8006 Display panel 8009 Frame 8010 Printed circuit board 8011 Battery 8015 Light emitting unit 8016 Light receiving unit 8017a Light guiding unit 8017b Light guiding unit 8018 Light 9000 Case 9001 Display unit 9003 Speaker 9005 Operation key 9006 Connection terminal 9007 Sensor 9008 Microphone 9055 Hinge 9200 Portable information terminal 9201 portable information terminal 9202 portable information terminal

Claims (4)

A system having a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device,
The display device has a function of displaying an image,
The data acquisition device has a function of acquiring first sensitivity data,
The control device has a function of controlling the display device,
The storage device has a function of storing second sensitivity data;
The processing device has a function of comparing the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data based on information from the data acquisition device,
The second sensitivity data is a database of a plurality of sensitivity data,
When the processing device compares the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data, extract the sensitivity data closest to the first sensitivity data from the database of the plurality of sensitivity data, Feedback to the display device;
A calibration system characterized by that. A system having a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device,
The display device acquires external environment information,
Displaying a first image on the display device;
Based on the result of the user observing the first image, the data acquisition device acquires sensitivity data,
The processing device performs a first determination process for determining a user's preference from the sensitivity data,
Extracting a second image having a preference similar to the preference from the storage device;
The display device displays the second image;
The processing device performs a second determination process for determining the preference of the user based on the second image,
A calibration system, wherein the setting data obtained in the second determination process is stored as personal data in the storage device. An electronic device having a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device,
The display device has a function of displaying an image,
The data acquisition device has a function of acquiring first sensitivity data,
The control device has a function of controlling the display device,
The storage device has a function of storing second sensitivity data;
The processing device has a function of comparing the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data based on information from the data acquisition device,
The second sensitivity data is a database of a plurality of sensitivity data,
When the processing device compares the first sensitivity data and the second sensitivity data, extract the sensitivity data closest to the first sensitivity data from the database of the plurality of sensitivity data, Feedback to the display device;
An electronic device characterized by that. A method for calibrating an electronic device having a display device, a data acquisition device, a control device, a storage device, and a processing device,
The display device acquires external environment information,
Displaying a first image on the display device;
Based on the result of the user observing the first image, the data acquisition device acquires sensitivity data,
The processing device performs a first determination process for determining a user's preference from the sensitivity data,
Extracting a second image having a preference similar to the preference from the storage device;
The display device displays the second image;
The processing device performs a second determination process for determining the preference of the user based on the second image,
A display device calibration method, wherein the setting data obtained in the second determination process is stored in the storage device as personal data.