JP2017166295A - Excavation method simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavation method simulation device capable of simulating various excavation methods.SOLUTION: An excavation method simulation device 1 is used when evaluating influence received to the ground by tunnel excavation, and comprises a hollow and long size-shaped casing part 2, an operation rod part 3 supported on the inside of the casing part so as to enable the movement in the axial direction and rotation around the axis, a cutter part 4 installed on the front end 31 of the operation rod part so as to be capable of depressing-elevating and an operation handle part 5 provided on the rear end 32 of the operation rod part. Here, the movement and rotation of the operation rod part and depression-elevation operation of the cutter part are executed by the operation handle part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavation method simulation apparatus used for evaluating the influence of ground on tunnel excavation.

  When excavating the ground to build a tunnel, stress relief may occur and the surrounding ground or ground surface may be deformed. The impact on the ground due to such tunnel excavation needs to be properly evaluated before construction, and measures to prevent deformation need to be taken.

  Patent Document 1 discloses that a shield excavation model test is performed using a centrifugal loading device in order to evaluate the influence when a shield tunnel is constructed.

  Further, Patent Document 2 describes that operation data during tunnel excavation work such as excavation speed and amount of soil removal is obtained in advance by performing a shield excavator model test using a centrifugal loading device. Yes.

JP-A-8-29297 JP 2002-365170 A

  However, when excavating a tunnel in a shallow part of the earth cover, there is a high possibility of deforming the ground surface, so it will be performed carefully by manual drilling, auger drilling, cutter face drilling, etc. There was no means to evaluate the difference in the influence of the ground due to the difference in construction method.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an excavation method simulation apparatus that can simulate various excavation methods.

  In order to achieve the above object, the excavation method simulation device of the present invention is an excavation method simulation device used for evaluating the influence of the ground due to tunnel excavation, which is a hollow and long casing portion, An operation rod portion supported so as to be capable of axial movement and rotation around the shaft inside the casing portion, a cutter portion attached to a front end of the operation rod portion so as to be able to rise and fall, and the operation rod portion And an operation handle portion provided at a rear end of the operation rod portion. The operation handle portion moves and rotates the operation rod portion and raises and lowers the cutter portion.

  Here, the cutter unit can be configured to include a bit unit at the tip and a rotation driving unit that rotates the bit unit. In addition, the cutter unit may be configured such that the tip bit unit is replaceable.

  In the excavation method simulation device of the present invention configured as described above, the operation rod portion is supported inside the hollow casing portion so as to be able to move in the axial direction and rotate around the shaft, and is mounted at the front end of the operation rod portion. The cutter is attached so that it can be lifted. An operation handle part is provided at the rear end of the operation rod part.

  For this reason, excavation surfaces of various shapes can be formed in front of the casing portion, and it becomes possible to simulate various excavation methods and appropriately evaluate the influence of the ground.

  Moreover, if it is the structure which has a rotation drive part which rotates the bit part of the front-end | tip of a cutter part, excavation at the time of a test can be performed efficiently.

  Furthermore, if the bit part at the tip of the cutter part is provided so as to be replaceable, the influence due to the difference in the bit part due to the construction method can be evaluated. In addition, a wider variety of excavation methods can be simulated by simply exchanging the bit part, which is economical.

It is a perspective view explaining typically a tunnel excavation test performed using the excavation method simulation device of this embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining the structure of the excavation method simulation apparatus of this Embodiment. It is the rear view seen in the AA arrow direction of FIG. It is the cross-sectional view seen in the BB arrow direction of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining the structure of the excavation method simulation apparatus of an Example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an outline of a tunnel excavation test performed using the excavation method simulation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.

  The tunnel excavation test is performed using a simulated ground M that simulates the local ground where the tunnel is constructed. Although not shown in the figure for the simulated ground M, sensors such as a displacement gauge, strain gauge, earth pressure gauge, etc. are installed on the surface or inside, or a known measurement system for observing from the outside is arranged. Thus, it is possible to grasp how the surface and the inside of the simulated ground M are changed by excavation.

  That is, the influence of the ground due to tunnel excavation from the start to the end of excavation or when an arbitrary time after excavation has elapsed can be evaluated by excavating the simulated ground M with the excavation method simulator 1.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavation method simulation device 1 according to the present embodiment is capable of moving in the axial direction and rotating around the shaft inside the hollow and long casing portion 2 and the casing portion 2. The operation rod portion 3 supported in such a manner, the cutter portion 4 attached to the front end 31 of the operation rod portion 3 so as to be able to be lifted and the operation handle portion 5 provided at the rear end 32 of the operation rod portion 3 are mainly used. In preparation.

  The casing part 2 is formed by, for example, a rectangular tubular steel pipe having a substantially rectangular cross section. The casing portion 2 is configured to be divided into, for example, an upper portion and a lower portion, and the operation rod portion 3 and the cutter portion 4 are disposed when the casing portion 2 is divided.

  The casing portion 2 is a member that simulates a lining portion that protects the peripheral surface of the excavated tunnel. Therefore, depending on the excavation method to be simulated, the casing portion 2 can be formed in a cylindrical shape, a cross-section horseshoe-shaped tube shape, an elliptical tube shape, or the like.

  The casing part 2 is pushed toward the cavity of the simulated ground M excavated by the cutter part 4. Therefore, the end face facing the front excavation surface of the casing part 2 is a front end face 21, and the rear end face protruding from the simulated ground M is a rear end face 22.

  Inside the casing part 2, a rod-shaped operation rod part 3 having an axial direction directed in a direction substantially coincident with the longitudinal direction of the casing part 2 is suspended. The operation rod portion 3 is suspended so as to be rotatable around an axis and movable back and forth in the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the casing portion 2.

  4 is a cross-sectional view seen in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. As shown in this figure, the columnar operation rod portion 3 is supported by being passed through the bearing portion 331, so that it can freely rotate around the axis.

  The bearing portion 331 that supports the operation rod portion 3 is attached to the slider 33. The slider 33 can reciprocate linearly along the rail 34 (see the direction S1 in FIG. 2). Such a combination of the slider 33 and the rail 34 can be configured by a known linear guide or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the rails 34 are respectively disposed on the front end 31 side and the rear end 32 side of the operation rod portion 3. More specifically, a long rib portion 35 is attached to the ceiling surface of the casing portion 2 in the longitudinal direction (axial direction), and rails 34 and 34 having the longitudinal direction are attached to both ends thereof.

  The slider 33 can be freely slid within the range of the length of the rail 34. That is, when an axial force is applied to the operation rod portion 3, the front and rear sliders 33 and 33 are moved linearly by the force, so that the operation rod portion 3 can be moved in the axial direction (FIG. 1, FIG. 1). 2 S1 direction reference).

  A rotating portion 311 is provided at the front end 31 of the operating rod portion 3, and the rear end of the cutter portion 4 is attached to the rotating portion 311. The rotating unit 311 is a mechanism that rotates around the axis in the plane.

  That is, in the state shown in FIG. 2, the axis of the rotating unit 311 is oriented in the direction orthogonal to the paper surface, and the long cutter unit 4 rotates up and down around the rotating unit 311, in other words, the elevation side and the depression side. (Refer to the R1 direction in FIGS. 1 and 2). For example, it is only necessary that the angle of rotation to the elevation angle side and the depression angle side can be secured about 30 degrees from the horizontal.

  A bit part 41 serving as a blade for cutting the ground is attached to the tip of the cylindrical body part 42 of the cutter part 4. The bit portion 41 is configured to be detachable so that it can be replaced with a bit portion having an arbitrary shape.

  Moreover, the bit part 41 can be rotated around the axis of the cutter part 4 (see the R2 direction in FIG. 1). The bit portion 41 is rotated by a driving force of a driving motor 43 as a rotation driving portion.

  Although not shown, the operation handle portion 5 is provided with a switch for switching the drive motor 43 on and off, and the bit portion 41 can be rotated at an arbitrary timing. Moreover, it can also be set as the structure which can rotate to the forward / reverse both directions.

  On the other hand, at the rear end 32 of the operating rod part 3, the axial movement of the operating rod part 3 (direction S1 in FIG. 1) and rotation around the axis (R3 direction), and rotation of the cutter part 4 in the elevation direction (R1). An operation handle portion 5 for operating (direction) is provided.

  The operation handle portion 5 includes an inverted U-shaped gripping portion 51 as shown in FIG. 3, which is a rear view seen in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 2, and a swinging rod for operating the cutter portion 4. 52 and a central hanging portion 511 for connecting the operation rod portion 3 and the swinging rod 52 to the grip portion 51.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the grip portion 51 is connected to the rear end 32 of the operation rod portion 3 via the connecting portion 55. A rotating part 321 similar to the rotating part 311 described above is provided at the rear end 32 of the operating rod part 3, and the rotating part 321 and the central hanging part 511 of the gripping part 51 are connected by a connecting part 55. Connected (see FIG. 3).

  For this reason, when the gripping portion 51 is swung or rotated (R4 direction), the operation rod portion 3 connected to the gripping portion 51 is swung or rotated around the axis (R3 direction).

  On the other hand, when the grip 51 is pushed or pulled toward the casing 2, the operation rod 3 attached to the sliders 33 and 33 moves back and forth within the length of the rails 34 and 34.

  Further, the swinging rod 52 whose end is connected to the central hanging portion 511 of the grip 51 is extended toward the front end 31 substantially in parallel with the operation rod 3. The swinging rod 52 is suspended from the operating rod portion 3 in a state where movement in the axial direction (refer to the S1 direction in FIG. 2) is free by the plurality of suspension portions 53.

  The front end of the swinging rod 52 is connected to the rear end of the cutter unit 4 via a connecting portion 54 that is substantially L-shaped in side view. That is, the grip 51 and the cutter 4 are in a continuous state via the swinging rod 52.

  Since the swinging rod 52 is suspended from the operation rod portion 3, it moves back and forth when the operation rod portion 3 moves back and forth, and rotates along with it when the operation rod portion 3 rotates.

  On the other hand, when the lower portion of the gripping portion 51 is tilted toward the casing portion 2 side (R5 direction) with the operation rod portion 3 stationary, the swinging rod 52 moves toward the front end 31 as shown in FIG. The cutter unit 4 can be lifted and rotated in the elevation direction.

  On the other hand, when the lower portion of the grip 51 is tilted away from the casing 2, the swinging rod 52 is pulled back toward the rear end 32, and the cutter 4 can be lowered and rotated in the depression direction. .

  The excavated soil M1 excavated by the cutter unit 4 is deposited on the bottom near the front end face 21 of the casing unit 2 as shown in FIG. The excavated soil M1 is removed by a vacuum device or the like (not shown).

  For example, the soil removal pipe 6 connected to the vacuum device is laid along the bottom surface of the casing portion 2 and the tip 61 is disposed in the vicinity of the excavated soil M1. If the vacuum device is operated in this state, the excavated soil M1 can be discharged to the outside.

  Next, a tunnel excavation test method using the excavation method simulation device 1 of the present embodiment and the operation of the excavation method simulation device 1 will be described.

  First, a simulated ground M to be tested is manufactured, and sensors such as a displacement gauge, a strain gauge, and a soil pressure gauge are installed at a place where measurement is required. Moreover, when measuring the simulated ground M from the outside, the measurement system required for it is constructed.

  Subsequently, a hole that can penetrate the front end surface 21 of the casing portion 2 is dug in the side surface of the simulated ground M having a depth corresponding to the soil covering thickness of the actual ground for constructing the tunnel. And the front-end surface 21 of the casing part 2 of the excavation method simulation apparatus 1 is pushed into the hole so that the excavation test can be performed.

  The excavation test is conducted according to the excavation shape of the excavation method to be actually carried out. If it is the excavation method simulation apparatus 1 of this Embodiment, the excavation surface of all shapes can be shape | molded.

  For example, excavation cross sections having any shape such as a rectangle, a circle, a horseshoe shape, and an oval shape can be formed as long as they are cross sections. Moreover, if it is a longitudinal cross section, various excavation shapes, such as the shape where the excavation upper surface (top end) bent, the shape where the excavation front (face) inclined, and the shape where the excavation side surface bent, can be simulated.

  The excavation is performed by grasping the grip 51 of the operation handle 5. First, in order to project the bit part 41 of the cutter part 4 forward from the front end face 21 of the casing part 2, the grip part 51 is pushed toward the casing part 2.

  When the drive motor 43 is switched on while the bit portion 41 is in contact with the simulated ground M, the bit portion 41 rotates in the R2 direction to perform excavation, and excavated soil M1 is generated. The excavated soil M <b> 1 that has collapsed into the casing portion 2 is sucked from the tip 61 of the soil discharge pipe 6.

  Subsequently, when the gripping portion 51 is swung or rotated in the R4 direction, the operation rod portion 3 rotates around the axis (R3 direction), and the excavation range can be expanded. In order to further expand the excavation range, the excavation cavity is gradually expanded by tilting the grip 51, swinging the cutter unit 4 in the elevation angle or depression direction (R1 direction), and rotating the operation rod unit 3 around the axis. Can continue.

  By operating the operation handle portion 5 in this way, the bit portion 41 at the tip can be arranged not only in the front-rear direction but also in any position in any direction, up and down, left and right, so that any excavation shape to be simulated can be freely set Can be molded.

  Then, by examining measurement results such as displacement and stress measured during excavation or after excavation, the influence of the ground due to tunnel excavation in which excavation is performed with a set shape is evaluated.

  In the excavation method simulation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the operation rod portion 3 is suspended inside the hollow casing portion 2 so as to be able to move in the axial direction and rotate around the axis. The cutter unit 4 is attached to the front end 31 of the operation rod unit 3 via a rotation unit 311 so that the operation rod unit 3 can be raised and lowered. An operation handle portion 5 is provided at the rear end 32 of the operation rod portion 3.

  For this reason, excavation surfaces of various shapes can be formed in front of the casing portion 2, and it becomes possible to simulate various excavation methods and appropriately evaluate the influence of the ground.

  In particular, when constructing a tunnel under a railway, the deformation of the ground surface will be strictly controlled. Therefore, when constructing a tunnel in a shallow part of the earth that is susceptible to excavation, It is indispensable to grasp the influence that is affected with high accuracy.

  And if the influence which the ground by various excavation methods receives with the excavation method simulation apparatus 1 can be verified in comparison with a common standard, the excavation method can be selected rationally.

  Moreover, if it is the structure which has the drive motor 43 which rotates the bit part 41 of the front-end | tip of the cutter part 4, excavation at the time of a test can be performed efficiently. That is, since the bit portion 41 can be rotated without the drive motor 43, excavation can be performed, but the excavation work can be rapidly advanced by using the rotational force of the drive motor 43.

  Furthermore, if the bit part 41 at the tip of the cutter part 4 is provided to be replaceable, it is possible to evaluate the influence due to the difference in the shape and size of the bit part 41 due to the construction method. In addition, since a wider variety of excavation methods can be simulated simply by replacing the bit portion 41, it is economical.

  Hereinafter, an excavation method simulation apparatus 1A of a form different from the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same or equivalent parts as the contents described in the above embodiment will be described with the same terms or the same reference numerals.

  The excavation method simulation apparatus 1A described in the present embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that the cutter unit 4 is rotated in the elevation angle or depression direction. That is, the operation handle portion 7 having a configuration different from that of the operation handle portion 5 described in the above embodiment is provided.

  The operation handle portion 7 includes an inverted U-shaped gripping portion 71 similar to the operation handle portion 5, a pair of wire portions 72 and 72 for operating the cutter portion 4, and the wire portions 72 and 72. It is mainly comprised by the lever parts 721 and 721 for operating in this position.

  The grip portion 71 is directly connected to the rear end 32 of the operation rod portion 3. That is, the grip portion 71 of the present embodiment is configured so that it cannot be tilted. Instead, lever portions 721 and 721 for operating the wire portions 72 and 72 are attached to the handles on both sides of the grip portion 71.

  The wire portion 72 having one end connected to the lever portion 721 is connected to the rotating portion 311A at the rear end of the cutter portion 4. That is, the two wire portions 72 and 72 connected to the lever portions 721 and 721 on both sides of the gripping portion 71 are connected to the rotating portion 311A that rotates about the axis in the plane.

  The rotating portion 311A is provided with connecting portions 74 and 74 protruding from the upper surface and the lower surface in the diametrical direction, and the tips of the two wire portions 72 and 72 are connected to each other.

  The wire portion 72 is configured such that the wire is slidably inserted into the tube, and the tube covering the wire is attached to the operation rod portion 3 via a plurality of attachment bands 73.

  Then, when one lever portion 721 is gripped and moved in the R6 direction, one of the upper and lower connecting portions 74, 74 is pulled by the slidable wire in the tube of the wire portion 72, and the cutter portion 4 has an elevation angle or depression angle. Rotated in the direction.

Thus, the operation of rotating the cutter unit 4 in the up-and-down direction can be performed also by a simple mechanism applying the configuration of the bicycle brake.
Other configurations and functions and effects are substantially the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the embodiment and the example, and the design change is within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention. Are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiments and examples, the case where the operation rod portion 3 is supported by being suspended from the ceiling surface of the casing portion 2 has been described. It can be supported by a support mechanism protruding from the bottom or side surface of the part 2.

  Moreover, although the case where the excavation method simulation apparatus 1 is used for the tunnel excavation test using the simulated ground M has been described in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and the test construction at the original position where the tunnel is constructed is performed. In this case, the excavation method simulator 1, 1A can be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Excavation method simulation apparatus 2 Casing part 21 Front end surface 22 Rear end surface 3 Operation rod part 31 Front end 311 Rotating part 32 Rear end 4 Cutter part 41 Bit part 43 Drive motor (rotation drive part)
5 Operation handle part 1A Excavation method simulator 7 Operation handle part 311A Rotating part

Claims (3)

An excavation method simulation device used for evaluating the influence of the ground due to tunnel excavation,
A hollow and elongated casing part;
An operating rod portion supported so as to be capable of axial movement and rotation around the shaft inside the casing portion;
A cutter unit attached to the front end of the operation rod unit so as to be able to be raised and lowered;
An operation handle portion provided at a rear end of the operation rod portion,
The excavation method simulation apparatus is characterized in that the operation handle portion moves and rotates the operation rod portion and raises and lowers the cutter portion.   The excavation method simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutter unit includes a bit unit at a distal end and a rotation driving unit that rotates the bit unit.   The excavation method simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutter part is provided so that a bit part at a tip thereof is replaceable.