JP2017152510A - Solar cell module manufacturing method and solar cell module - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a solar cell module capable of increasing productivity and suppressing occurrence of defects is provided. A step of forming a first electrode 4A before division on a substrate 3, a step of dividing the first electrode 4A before division into a plurality of first electrodes 4, and a plurality of first electrodes A step of laminating the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before the division on 4; a step of forming the second electrode 6A before the division on the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before the division; and the plurality of first electrodes 4 before the division The groove 1a is formed so as to be exposed from the second electrode 6A and the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before the division, and the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before the division and the second electrode 6A before the division are divided into the plurality of photoelectric conversion layers 5 and the plurality of the photoelectric conversion layers 5A. By dividing into the second electrode 6, a step of forming a plurality of solar cells 2 each having the first electrode 4, the photoelectric conversion layer 5, and the second electrode 6, and the second electrode 6 and the The first electrode 4 exposed from the photoelectric conversion layer 5 and the second electrode 6 of the adjacent solar cell 2 And a step of providing a wire 7 connecting the method of manufacturing a solar cell module 1. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a monolithic solar cell module in which a plurality of solar cells are connected to each other, and a monolithic solar cell module.

  Conventionally, a monolithic solar cell module in which a plurality of solar cells are connected to each other is known. For example, Patent Document 1 below discloses an example of a method for manufacturing a monolithic solar cell module. In manufacturing this solar cell module, first, a lower electrode film is provided on a substrate. Next, the lower electrode film is divided. Next, a stacked body including a p-layer, an i-layer, and an n-layer is stacked on the lower electrode formed by the division. Next, the laminate is divided. Each photoelectric conversion layer is formed by the division. Next, an upper electrode film is provided on the photoelectric conversion layer. Next, the upper electrode film is divided.

JP 2011-100903 A

  In the manufacturing method described in Patent Document 1, in order to divide the lower electrode film, the laminate, and the upper electrode film, a total of three divisions are required. Therefore, there are many manufacturing processes, and it has been difficult to sufficiently increase the productivity of the solar cell module. In addition, since the number of divisions is large, contamination at the time of division also causes defects.

  The objective of this invention is providing the manufacturing method and solar cell module of a solar cell module which can improve productivity and can suppress generation | occurrence | production of a defect.

  A method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a monolithic solar cell module, the step of preparing a substrate, the step of forming a first electrode before division on the substrate, A step of dividing the first electrode before the division into a plurality of first electrodes, a step of stacking the photoelectric conversion layer before the division so as to cover the plurality of first electrodes, and the photoelectric conversion layer before the division Forming a second electrode before the division on the top, removing a part of the photoelectric conversion layer before the division and a part of the second electrode before the division, and the plurality of first electrodes are A groove is formed so as to be exposed from the second electrode before division and the photoelectric conversion layer before division, and the photoelectric conversion layer before division and the second electrode before division are divided into a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers and a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers. By dividing into the second electrode, the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer And a plurality of solar cells each having the second electrode, and the first electrode exposed from the second electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer in the groove, and the adjacent solar cell. Providing a wiring connecting the second electrode.

  On the specific situation with the manufacturing method of the solar cell module which concerns on this invention, in the process of providing the said wiring, the said wiring is provided so that it may reach on the said 2nd electrode.

  In another specific aspect of the method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the present invention, in the step of providing the wiring, the wiring is provided by a printing method.

  In still another aspect of the method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the present invention, the wiring is formed in a lattice shape or a mesh shape.

  In another aspect of the method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to the present invention, the conductivity of the wiring is higher than the conductivity of the second electrode.

  The solar cell module according to the present invention is a monolithic solar cell module, and is opposed to the substrate, the plurality of first electrodes formed on the substrate, and the plurality of first electrodes, respectively. And a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers disposed between the plurality of second electrodes, the plurality of first electrodes, and the plurality of second electrodes. The photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode are not provided on the electrode, and the first electrode has a groove exposed from the second electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, and the first electrode A plurality of solar cells each having an electrode, the second electrode, and the photoelectric conversion layer are configured, and the plurality of solar cells are opposed to each other through the groove, and the second Exposed from the electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer It said first electrode, the wiring that connects the second electrode of the solar cells adjacent to each other are further provided.

  On the specific situation with the solar cell module which concerns on this invention, the said wiring has reached on the said 2nd electrode.

  In another specific aspect of the solar cell module according to the present invention, the wiring has a lattice shape or a mesh shape.

  In still another specific aspect of the solar cell module according to the present invention, the conductivity of the wiring is higher than the conductivity of the second electrode.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, productivity can be improved and the manufacturing method of a solar cell module and solar cell module which can suppress generation | occurrence | production of a defect can be provided.

It is typical front sectional drawing of the solar cell module which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a typical perspective view of the solar cell module which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(e) is typical front sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the solar cell module of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is typical front sectional drawing of the solar cell module which concerns on the 1st modification of the 1st Embodiment type | system | group of this invention. It is typical front sectional drawing of the solar cell module which concerns on the 2nd modification of the 1st Embodiment type | system | group of this invention. It is typical front sectional drawing of the solar cell module which concerns on the 3rd modification of the 1st Embodiment type | system | group of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be clarified by describing specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic front cross-sectional view of a solar cell module according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the solar cell module according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the solar cell module 1 has a substrate 3. In the present embodiment, the substrate 3 is made of an insulating material.

  The solar cell module 1 has a plurality of solar cells 2 provided on a substrate 3. The plurality of solar cells 2 are electrically connected to each other. The solar cell module 1 of this embodiment is a monolithic solar cell module.

As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of first electrodes 4 are provided on the substrate 3. Examples of the material of each first electrode 4 include FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, magnesium-silver mixture, magnesium-indium mixture, aluminum-lithium alloy, Al / Al ₂ O ₃ mixture, Al / LiF mixture, metal such as gold, CuI, ITO (indium tin oxide), SnO ₂ , AZO (aluminum zinc oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), GZO (gallium zinc) Conductive transparent materials such as oxides) and conductive transparent polymers. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  A photoelectric conversion layer 5 is laminated on each first electrode 4. Details of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 will be described later.

A second electrode 6 is provided on each photoelectric conversion layer 5. Each first electrode 4 and each second electrode 6 are disposed so as to face each other. Examples of the material of each second electrode 6 include FTO, sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, magnesium-silver mixture, magnesium-indium mixture, aluminum-lithium alloy, and Al / Al ₂ O ₃ mixture. , Al / LiF mixtures, metals such as gold, conductive transparent materials such as CuI, ITO, SnO ₂ , AZO, IZO, and GZO, and conductive transparent polymers. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Note that at least one of the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 6 is desirably transparent. Thereby, sufficient light can be guided to the photoelectric conversion layer 5. Therefore, it is desirable to use an electrode material having excellent transparency such as ITO for at least one of the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 6.

  The solar cell module 1 has a groove 1a. Each solar cell 2 is opposed to each other across the groove 1a. In the groove 1a, a part of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 and a part of the second electrode 6 are removed. In the groove 1 a, the first electrode 4 is exposed from the photoelectric conversion layer 5 and the second electrode 6.

  The second electrode 6 of each solar cell 2 and the first electrode 4 of another solar cell 2 adjacent to the solar cell 2 are connected by a wiring 7. In the present embodiment, the plurality of solar cells 2 are connected to each other in series.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the wiring 7 is provided in a grid pattern. In FIG. 2, the wiring 7 is schematically shown. However, the higher the aperture ratio of the lattice of the wiring 7, the more light can be guided to each photoelectric conversion layer 5. By increasing the amount of light guided to each photoelectric conversion layer 5, the amount of power generation can be increased.

  The shape of the wiring 7 is not particularly limited. For example, the wiring 7 may be a mesh or may be a plurality of linear electrodes. The wiring 7 is made of, for example, silver, copper, gold, aluminum, or the like.

  The feature of this embodiment is that a plurality of solar cells 2 are connected to each other by wiring 7. Thereby, the productivity of the solar cell module 1 can be increased and the occurrence of defects can be reduced. This will be described below together with the manufacturing method of the present embodiment.

  FIGS. 3A to 3E are schematic front sectional views for explaining the method for manufacturing the solar cell module of the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, a substrate 3 is prepared. Next, a first electrode 4A before division is formed on the substrate 3. The first electrode 4A before division can be formed by, for example, a sputtering method or a CVD method.

  Next, the first electrode 4A before division is divided. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3B, a plurality of first electrodes 4 are formed. The first electrode 4A before the division can be divided by, for example, irradiating laser light. Alternatively, the first electrode 4A before division may be divided by mechanically dividing.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3C, the unconverted photoelectric conversion layer 5 </ b> A is stacked on the plurality of first electrodes 4 and the substrate 3. Next, the second electrode 6A before division is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before division. Next, a part of the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before the division and a part of the second electrode 6A before the division are removed. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3D, the groove 1a is formed so that each first electrode 4 is exposed from the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before division and the second electrode 6A before division. By forming the groove 1a, the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before division and the second electrode 6A before division shown in FIG. 3C are divided into a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers 5 and a plurality of second electrodes 6. To do. Thereby, the some solar cell 2 which has the 1st electrode 4, the photoelectric converting layer 5, and the 2nd electrode 6 is comprised, respectively. The division of the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before division and the second electrode 6A before division can be performed by, for example, laser light irradiation or mechanical division.

  As described above, since the division of the photoelectric conversion layer 5A before division and the division of the second electrode 6A before division can be performed at the same time, productivity can be increased. In addition, since the number of divisions can be reduced, contamination of each solar cell 2 at the time of division can be suppressed. Therefore, the occurrence of defects can be suppressed.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3 (e), the first electrode 4 exposed from the photoelectric conversion layer 5 and the second electrode 6 and the second electrode 6 of the adjacent solar cell 2 in the groove 1 a. Wiring 7 is provided so as to connect the two. At this time, it is preferable to provide the wiring 7 so as to reach the second electrode 6. More specifically, the wiring 7 is preferably provided so as to reach the upper surface of the second electrode 6. Here, the upper surface of the second electrode 6 is the surface of the second electrode 6 on the side opposite to the photoelectric conversion layer 5 side. Thereby, the electrical resistance of the connection between the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 6 via the wiring 7 can be reduced. Therefore, the electrical resistance of the connection between the solar cells 2 can be lowered.

  More preferably, it is desirable to provide the wiring 7 over the entire length of the second electrode 6 on the upper surface of the second electrode 6. In addition, the full length of the 2nd electrode 6 is a full length along the direction where each adjacent solar cell 2 opposes. Thereby, the electrical resistance of the connection between the solar cells 2 can be further reduced.

  When manufacturing the solar cell module 1 of this embodiment, the wiring 7 is formed in a lattice shape. Thereby, the electrical resistance of the connection between the solar cells 2 can be further reduced. The wiring 7 can be provided by, for example, a printing method. More specifically, the wiring 7 can be provided by an offset printing method, a screen printing method, or the like. The wiring 7 may be formed in an appropriate shape such as a mesh shape.

  The conductivity of the wiring 7 is preferably higher than the conductivity of the second electrode 6. Thereby, the electrical resistance of the connection between the solar cells 2 can be effectively reduced.

  Returning to FIG. 1, details of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 will be described below.

  In the present embodiment, the photoelectric conversion layer 5 includes an organic / inorganic perovskite compound. In the solar cell 2, photoelectric conversion is performed by this organic / inorganic perovskite compound, and electric power is taken out.

The photoelectric conversion layer 5 includes an organic inorganic perovskite compound represented by the general formula R-M-X ₃ (where R is an organic molecule, M is a metal atom, and X is a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom). By using the organic-inorganic perovskite compound for the photoelectric conversion layer, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

The R is an organic molecule, and is preferably represented by C ₁ N _m H _n (l, m, and n are all positive integers).

Specifically, R is, for example, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropyl. Amine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, ethylmethylamine, methylpropylamine, butylmethylamine, methylpentylamine, hexylmethylamine, ethylpropylamine, ethylbutylamine, imidazole, azole, pyrrole, aziridine, azirine, Azetidine, azeto, azole, imidazoline, carbazole and their ions (eg, methylammonium (CH ₃ NH ₃ ), etc.) Examples include phenethylammonium. Of these, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine and their ions and phenethylammonium are preferred, and methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine and these ions are more preferred.

  M is a metal atom, for example, lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, Examples include europium. These metal atoms may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.

  X is a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, and examples thereof include chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, and selenium. These halogen atoms or chalcogen atoms may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, a halogen atom is preferable because the organic / inorganic perovskite compound becomes soluble in an organic solvent and can be applied to an inexpensive printing method by containing halogen in the structure. Furthermore, iodine is more preferable because the energy band gap of the organic-inorganic perovskite compound becomes narrow.

  The organic / inorganic perovskite compound preferably has a cubic structure in which a metal atom M is disposed at the body center, an organic molecule R is disposed at each vertex, and a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom X is disposed at the face center.

  The photoelectric conversion layer 5 may further contain an organic semiconductor or an inorganic semiconductor in addition to the organic / inorganic perovskite compound as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Note that the organic semiconductor or the inorganic semiconductor here may serve as an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer.

  When the photoelectric conversion layer 5 includes the organic semiconductor or the inorganic semiconductor, the photoelectric conversion layer 5 may be a laminated body in which a thin-film organic semiconductor or an inorganic semiconductor part and a thin-film organic-inorganic perovskite compound part are laminated. A composite film in which a semiconductor or inorganic semiconductor portion and an organic / inorganic perovskite compound portion are combined may be used. A laminated body is preferable in that the production method is simple, and a composite film is preferable in that the charge separation efficiency in the organic semiconductor or the inorganic semiconductor can be improved.

  The preferable lower limit of the thickness of the thin-film organic / inorganic perovskite compound site is 5 nm, and the preferable upper limit is 5000 nm. If the thickness is 5 nm or more, light can be sufficiently absorbed, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased. If the said thickness is 5000 nm or less, since it can suppress that the area | region which cannot carry out charge separation generate | occur | produces, it will lead to the improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency. The more preferable lower limit of the thickness is 10 nm, the more preferable upper limit is 1000 nm, the still more preferable lower limit is 20 nm, and the still more preferable upper limit is 500 nm.

  In addition, the material and structure of the photoelectric converting layer 5 are not specifically limited.

  It is preferable that an electron transport layer is laminated between the first electrode 4 and the photoelectric conversion layer 5. Holes can be blocked and electrons can be transported by the electron transport layer. Therefore, the efficiency of photoelectric conversion can be increased.

  A hole transport layer is preferably laminated between the photoelectric conversion layer 5 and the second electrode 6. Accordingly, electrons can be blocked and holes can be transported by the hole transport layer. Therefore, the efficiency of photoelectric conversion can be increased.

  The wiring 7 of the present embodiment is provided on the first electrode 4 in the groove 1a along the direction in which the adjacent solar cells 2 face each other via the groove 1a. The wiring 7 is provided so that the wiring 7 does not come into contact with the photoelectric conversion layer 5 of the solar cell 2 connected to the first electrode 4. As a result, electrical leakage or short circuit between the solar cells 2 is unlikely to occur.

  Note that, as in the first modification of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the wiring 17 is connected to the first electrode 4 exposed from the second electrode 6 and the photoelectric conversion layer 5 in the groove 1a. What is necessary is just to be provided.

  As in the second modification of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the substrate 23 may be made of a conductor. In this case, a plurality of solar cells 2 may be provided on the substrate 23 via the insulating layer 28. Examples of the substrate made of a conductor include an appropriate metal or alloy such as Al, Cu, Ti, Ni, or stainless steel. The substrate made of a conductor is preferably the metal or alloy metal foil described above.

  Like the 3rd modification of 1st Embodiment shown in FIG. 6, in the part of groove part 1a along the direction where the adjacent solar cell 32 opposes, the 1st electrode 34 is the 2nd electrode 6 and photoelectric. It may be exposed from the conversion layer 5. At this time, for example, the substrate 3 may be exposed from the first and second electrodes 34 and 6 and the photoelectric conversion layer 5 in a part of the groove 1a. The wiring 7 may be provided so as to reach the first electrode 34 exposed from the second electrode 6 and the photoelectric conversion layer 5 in the groove 1a.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solar cell module 1a ... Groove part 2 ... Solar cell 3 ... Board | substrate 4 ... 1st electrode 4A ... 1st electrode 5 before division | segmentation ... Photoelectric conversion layer 5A ... Photoelectric conversion layer 6 before division | segmentation ... 2nd electrode 6A ... Second electrode 7 before division ... Wiring 17 ... Wiring 23 ... Substrate 28 ... Insulating layer 32 ... Solar cell 34 ... First electrode

Claims (9)

A method of manufacturing a monolithic solar cell module,
Preparing a substrate;
Forming a first electrode before division on the substrate;
Dividing the first electrode before the division into a plurality of first electrodes;
Laminating a photoelectric conversion layer before division so as to cover the plurality of first electrodes;
Forming a second electrode before splitting on the photoelectric conversion layer before splitting;
A part of the photoelectric conversion layer before the division and a part of the second electrode before the division are removed, and the plurality of first electrodes are the second electrode before the division and the photoelectric conversion layer before the division. Forming a groove so as to be exposed from the first electrode, and dividing the photoelectric conversion layer before division and the second electrode before division into a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers and a plurality of second electrodes, Forming a plurality of solar cells each having the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode;
Providing a wiring for connecting the first electrode exposed from the second electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode of the adjacent solar cell in the groove portion. The manufacturing method of a solar cell module.   The method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein in the step of providing the wiring, the wiring is provided so as to reach the second electrode.   The manufacturing method of the solar cell module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step of providing the wiring, the wiring is provided by a printing method.   The manufacturing method of the solar cell module of any one of Claims 1-3 which forms the said wiring in a grid | lattice form or a mesh form.   The manufacturing method of the solar cell module of any one of Claims 1-4 whose electrical conductivity of the said wiring is higher than the electrical conductivity of a said 2nd electrode. A monolithic solar cell module,
A substrate,
A plurality of first electrodes formed on the substrate;
A plurality of second electrodes arranged to face the plurality of first electrodes, respectively;
A plurality of photoelectric conversion layers disposed between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes;
The photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode are not provided on the first electrode, and the first electrode has a groove part exposed from the second electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer,
A plurality of solar cells each having the first electrode, the second electrode, and the photoelectric conversion layer are configured, and the plurality of solar cells are opposed to each other through the groove,
The solar cell further comprising a wiring connecting the second electrode and the first electrode exposed from the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode of the adjacent solar cell in the groove portion. module.   The solar cell module according to claim 6, wherein the wiring reaches the second electrode.   The solar cell module according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the wiring has a lattice shape or a mesh shape.   The solar cell module according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a conductivity of the wiring is higher than a conductivity of the second electrode.

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