JP2017036708A - Impeller - Google Patents

Abstract

An impeller capable of minimizing the dependence on a drag force when rotating a rotating shaft is provided. A plurality of blades 3 are radially provided on a side surface of a rotary shaft 2, and are installed in a fluid and rotated by the fluid. It is characterized by being curved so as to guide the fluid flowing toward the blades 3 along the rotary shaft 2 gradually away from the rotary shaft 2 as it goes downstream. [Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an impeller that is installed in a fluid such as gas or liquid and is rotated by the flow of the fluid.

  Conventionally, as such an impeller, the thing of a structure as shown, for example in patent document 1 is proposed.

  In this technique, a plurality of flat blades are provided radially on a rotation shaft having a rotation axis along the fluid flow direction, and the flow of fluid flowing toward these blades is changed by these blades. The rotating shaft is rotated by utilizing a drag force generated in the blade.

JP 2014-199022 A

  By the way, in the prior art mentioned above, since the said rotating shaft is rotated with the drag which arises in each said blade | wing, it is assumed that the following malfunctions arise.

That is, the above-described drag not only rotates the rotating shaft but also places a load on the blades.
Such a load may cause deformation of the blades.

The load applied to the blade is supported by the rotating shaft, a bearing that supports the rotating shaft, and the like.
For this reason, friction in the bearing or the like is increased, and it is assumed that the durability of the bearing or the like is adversely affected, and that the rotation efficiency is lowered as an obstacle to the rotation of the rotating shaft.

  On the other hand, in order to increase the rotational speed of the rotating shaft, it is necessary to increase the drag force. However, as the drag force is increased, the above-described problem is likely to occur. The upper limit is limited.

  The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and it is a problem to be solved to provide an impeller capable of minimizing the dependence on the drag force when rotating the rotating shaft. To do.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the impeller of the present invention is an impeller that is provided with a plurality of blades radially on the side surface of a rotating shaft, is installed in a fluid, and is rotated by the fluid. Each of the blades is curved so as to guide the fluid flowing toward the blades and along the rotating shaft in a direction gradually separating from the rotating shaft as it goes downstream. Impeller characterized by.

  The impeller of the present invention having such a configuration is installed such that the rotating shaft is substantially parallel to the flow direction of the fluid.

  The fluid acting on the impeller installed in this way flows along the front and back surfaces of each blade after flowing toward each blade along the axis of the rotation shaft.

Thus, when the fluid flows along the front and back surfaces of the blades, a pressure difference is generated between the front and back surfaces of the blades that are curved.
That is, the fluid velocity on the convex side, which is the back surface side, is higher than the fluid velocity on the concave side, which is the surface of the curved surface, and as a result, the pressure on the back surface side is lower than the pressure on the front surface side.

  As a result, lift is generated in the blades toward the low pressure side, that is, the back surface, and this lift imparts a rotational force in a direction perpendicular to the axis to the rotational shaft.

On the other hand, the direction of the flow of fluid flowing on the front and back surfaces of each blade is gradually changed by the curvature of each blade.
By such a gradual change in the flow of the fluid, the drag generated in the blades can be kept small.

  And the fluid which flows along each of the front and back of the said blade leaves | separates from this blade | wing at the downstream edge of the said blade | wing.

  Here, by forming the downstream edge of each blade in an edge shape, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cavitation when the fluid leaves the edge.

  Thus, in the impeller according to the present invention, most of the rotational force applied to the rotating shaft can be generated by the lift generated in each blade, and the drag generated in the impeller can be reduced as much as possible. it can.

  Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the load applied to each of the blades themselves and the bearings that support the rotating shaft, to improve the durability thereof, and to reduce the friction generated in the bearings and the like to rotate the rotating shaft. The rotational efficiency can be increased by eliminating the obstruction factor as much as possible.

  A long groove along the radial direction is formed on the side surface of the rotating shaft, and each end of the long groove is continuous with the long groove and is point-symmetric with respect to an intermediate point in the length direction of the long groove. A lateral groove is formed, and each blade is inserted into the long groove, and an engagement piece that is engaged with each lateral groove is integrally provided by being rotated around an intermediate point of the long groove. It can be configured.

With such a configuration, the blades can be attached to and detached from the rotating shaft by engaging and disengaging the long and lateral grooves with the engaging pieces.
Thereby, it can be set as a storage form in the state which removed the said blade | wing, and can be set as a usage form as the state which attached the said blade | wing.

  The outer cylinder includes an outer cylinder that is coaxial with the rotating shaft and surrounds the plurality of blades so as to form a flow path for the fluid around the rotating shaft and the blades. The flow path may be configured to be gradually narrowed as it goes downstream.

By providing such an outer cylinder, the flow of the fluid flowing into the impeller can be adjusted by the flow path formed by the outer cylinder.
As a result, the contact between the blades and the fluid can be stabilized and smooth rotation can be realized.

  Further, by increasing the inner diameter on the upstream side of the outer cylinder and decreasing the inner diameter on the downstream side, the fluid flowing into the impeller can be accelerated and act on the blades.

  Such acceleration of the fluid can increase the rotational force by increasing the pressure difference generated between the front and back surfaces of the blade.

  The outer cylinder and the rotating shaft can be connected to each other by the plurality of blades, and the rotating shaft is rotatably supported via a stay attached to the outer cylinder. it can.

  Further, the rotating shaft may be constituted by a central axis and a coated cylinder in which the central axis is rotatably fitted, and the coated cylinder and the outer cylinder may be connected by the plurality of blades. it can.

  By setting it as such a structure, the stay which connects the said rotating shaft and the said outer cylinder can be abbreviate | omitted.

  According to the impeller of the present invention, the rotation of the rotating shaft can be mainly performed by using the lift force generated by the fluid on the blade, and the drag generated on the blade can be reduced as much as possible. It is possible to reduce the load applied to the motor, improve the durability thereof, and reduce the resistance during rotation as much as possible to obtain a high rotational force.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown and it is a front view of an impeller. The 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown, and it is the side view which cut the outer cylinder along the II-II line of FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the present invention and is a schematic diagram illustrating a force acting on a blade by a fluid. 1 shows an example in which the first embodiment of the present invention is applied to hydroelectric power generation, and is a schematic configuration diagram of a hydroelectric power generation apparatus. The 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown and it is a front view of an impeller. The 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown and it is a longitudinal cross-sectional side view of an impeller. The 3rd Embodiment of this invention is shown and it is a front view of an impeller. The 4th Embodiment of this invention is shown and it is a side view which shows the state which decomposed | disassembled the impeller. The 4th Embodiment of this invention is shown and it is a side view which shows the procedure which mounts | wears with an impeller. The 5th Embodiment of this invention is shown, It is the schematic which shows the example which applied this invention to hydroelectric power generation.

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
In these drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes an impeller according to the present embodiment, and the impeller 1 is configured such that a plurality of blades 3 are provided radially on the side surface of the rotating shaft 2 and installed in a fluid. An impeller 1 rotated by a fluid, wherein each of the blades 3 is directed to the blades 3 and flows along the rotary shaft 2 from the rotary shaft 2 as it goes downstream. It is configured to be curved so as to be guided in a gradually separating direction.

  More specifically, each blade 3 is disposed along the axis of the rotation axis 2 as a whole, and a side edge of a portion (hereinafter referred to as a tip portion) located on the upstream side of the fluid. It is being fixed to the said rotating shaft 2 in a part.

  The blade 3 rotates in the direction of rotation of the rotary shaft 2 with respect to the plane including the tip of the blade 3 and the axis of the rotary shaft 2 as it goes from the tip to the rear end of the other end. The shape is curved so as to be gradually separated in one direction.

  That is, the blade 3 is positioned so that the convex side (hereinafter referred to as the back side) of the blade 3 faces forward in the rotational direction of the rotary shaft 2, and the concave side (hereinafter referred to as the front side). The rotary shaft 2 is positioned so as to be directed rearward in the rotational direction.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, the outer cylinder 4 centering on the axis line of the said rotating shaft 2 arrange | positioned so that the said some blade | wing 3 may be surrounded is provided.

  The inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 is formed between the rotary shaft 2 and a flow path A in which the blade 3 is positioned, and the upstream side of the flow path A is widened and the downstream side is narrowed. It is formed as follows.

  A stay 5 is attached to the end of the outer cylinder 4 on the large diameter side along the radial direction, and the end of the rotating shaft 2 is interposed via a bearing 6 in the middle of the stay 5. It is supported rotatably.

  The rotary shaft 2 is fixed to the bearing 6 by a nut 7 screwed to the end portion thereof.

  The impeller 1 according to the present embodiment configured as described above is pulled inside the flow path A of the outer cylinder 4 by, for example, being pulled in water so that the large diameter portion side of the outer cylinder 4 is forward. Water is taken in, and the rotary shaft 2 is rotated together with the blades 3 by the taken-in water.

Thus, the fluid that has flowed into the flow path A first flows along the rotating shaft 2 and reaches the tip of each blade 3 as indicated by an arrow (A) in FIG.
The fluid that has reached the tip of the blade 3 is branched at the tip of the blade 3, then flows along the front and back surfaces of the blade 3, and leaves the rear end of the blade 3. .

  Thus, when the fluid flows along the front and back surfaces of the blade 3, the flow direction of the fluid gradually increases along the curved surface of the blade 3, as shown by the arrow (b) in FIG. Be changed.

  And since the said blade | wing 3 is curved so that it may protrude toward the rotation direction front of the said rotating shaft 2, a speed difference arises between the fluid which flows through the front and back, and as shown in FIG. Furthermore, the pressure of the fluid flowing on the back surface side is lower than the pressure of the fluid flowing on the front surface side.

  Due to such a pressure difference, as shown in FIG. 3, lift is generated in each blade 3 toward the front in the rotational direction of the rotary shaft 2, and this lift is applied to the rotary shaft 2 as a rotational force around the axis. Works.

On the other hand, the fluid flow path change described above is performed along the curved surface of the blade 3.
Therefore, since the flow path change is performed slowly, the drag generated in the blade 3 is greatly reduced as compared with the conventional flat blades in which the flow path change is performed rapidly.

  As a result, most of the dynamic energy of the fluid is used for generating lift, and the frictional resistance generated in the rotating shaft 2 due to the generation of drag can be reduced. Rotational efficiency can be increased.

  Further, by reducing the drag generated in the impeller 1, the load acting on the constituent members of the impeller 1 is reduced, and thereby the durability of the impeller 1 can be improved.

  Furthermore, by setting the cross section of the rear end portion of the blade 3 to an acute angle, the fluid can be smoothly separated from the rear end portion of the blade 3 to suppress the occurrence of cavitation.

  In this respect as well, the load applied to the blade 3 can be reduced, and the factor that inhibits the rotation of the rotating shaft 2 can be reduced as much as possible to effectively perform the rotation.

  Thus, the impeller 1 of the present embodiment capable of obtaining good rotation can function as a hydroelectric generator or a wind power generator, for example, by connecting a generator to the rotating shaft 2. it can.

An example in which the present embodiment is applied to a hydroelectric generator is shown in FIG.
In this example, the rotating shaft 2 of the impeller 1 is connected to a drive shaft (not shown) of the generator 20 to integrate them, and the outer cylinder 4 is surrounded by the impeller 1 and the generator 20. The generator 20 is fixed to the central portion of the outer cylinder 4 via a connecting member 21, and the power storage / feeding control device 22 is electrically connected to the generator 20 via a power line 21. The configuration was shown.

  The power storage / power supply control device 22 charges the storage battery 24 using the rectifying means 23 for rectifying the supplied power and the rectified power, and the power stored in the storage battery 24 via the inverter 25. The controller 26 is configured to supply power to external devices.

  Then, a traction wire 27 is connected to the outer cylinder 4, and the outer cylinder 4 is submerged in the water together with the impeller 1 and the generator 20, and these are pulled by the traction wire 27, or The cylinder 4, the impeller 1, and the generator 20 are installed so as to be moored in running water.

  As a result, by introducing a fluid into the outer cylinder 4 and rotating the impeller 1 by this fluid, the generator 20 can be operated to generate electricity.

  And as mentioned above, since the impeller 1 of this embodiment has good efficiency for converting the energy of the fluid flow into rotational energy, it achieves high power generation efficiency when functioning as a hydroelectric generator. be able to.

  Moreover, the impeller 1 of this embodiment can also be installed in an airflow, and it can also be set as a wind power generator, and even in that case, efficient electric power generation can be implement | achieved by the high energy conversion efficiency.

  Note that the shapes, dimensions, and the like of the constituent members shown in the above embodiment are merely examples, and various changes can be made based on design requirements and the like.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the rotating shaft 2 is constituted by a center shaft 2a and a covering tube 2b that is rotatably fitted to the center shaft 2a. A configuration in which the outer cylinder 4 is connected by the plurality of blades 2 may be employed.

  With such a configuration, the outer cylinder 4 and the rotary shaft 2 can be connected while omitting the stay 5 shown in the first embodiment.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, a hinge 8 is provided at a connecting portion between the rotary shaft 2 and the blade 3, and the blades 3 can be folded along the rotary shaft 2.

  By adopting such a configuration, when the blades 3 are not used, the blades 3 are folded to make the impeller 1 into a compact shape, which facilitates storage.

  Furthermore, in order to facilitate the above-mentioned storage, as shown in FIG. 8, a long groove 9 is formed on the side surface of the rotary shaft 2 along the axial direction, and the long groove 9 is formed at each end of the long groove 9. 9 and a transverse groove 10 which is point-symmetric with respect to the intermediate point in the length direction of the long groove 9 is formed, and each blade 3 is inserted into the long groove 9 and is intermediate between the long grooves 9. It can also be set as the structure which provided integrally the engagement piece 11 engaged with each said horizontal groove 10 by rotating it centering on a point.

  When it is set as such a structure, each said blade | wing 3 can be removed from the said rotating shaft 2, and it can be set as an accommodation state.

  Then, in order to make it in use, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 9, the blade 3 is made to face the rotary shaft 2 so that the locking piece 11 coincides with the long groove 9, and then the locking The piece 11 is fitted into the long groove 9, and the locking piece 11 is rotated around the axis along the depth direction of the long groove 9 together with the blade 3.

  By this rotation, both end portions of the locking piece 11 enter the respective lateral grooves 10 to be engaged with each other, whereby the blade 3 is fixed to the rotating shaft 2.

  Here, by adjusting the shape of the lateral groove 10 and adjusting the rotation restraining position of the locking piece 11 by the lateral groove 10, the blade 3 is moved to the rotating shaft as shown by the broken line in FIG. 7. It can be locked in a posture intersecting with a plane passing through the two axes.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a generator (having a pair of impellers 1 attached to a lower portion of the board 30) is suspended via a connecting member 31 using a board (or pontoon) 30 floating on the water. It is also possible to have a configuration in which the generator 20 is connected to a separately installed power storage / power supply control device (not shown) via the power line 21.

  By setting it as such a structure, the said impeller 1 can be hold | maintained to the predetermined depth with respect to the water surface, without being influenced by the speed of a flow.

  The board 30 is moored using a tow wire 27 or pulled by a ship.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Impeller 2 Rotating shaft 2a Center shaft 2b Covering cylinder 3 Blade 3a Guide area 3b Drag generating area 4 Outer cylinder 5 Stay 6 Bearing 7 Nut 8 Hinge 9 Long groove 10 Horizontal groove 11 Locking piece 20 Generator 21 Power line 22 Power storage / power supply control Device 23 Rectifier 24 Storage battery 25 Inverter 26 Controller 27 Pulling wire 30 Board 31 Connecting member A Flow path

Claims (6)

  A plurality of blades are radially provided on a side surface of the rotation shaft, and are installed in a fluid and rotated by the fluid. The blades are directed to the blades and are connected to the rotation shaft. The impeller is curved so as to guide the fluid flowing in along the downstream side in a direction gradually separating from the rotating shaft as it goes downstream.   A long groove along the radial direction is formed on the side surface of the rotating shaft, and each end of the long groove is continuous with the long groove and is point-symmetric with respect to an intermediate point in the length direction of the long groove. Each of the blades is integrally provided with an engaging piece that is inserted into the long groove and is engaged with each of the horizontal grooves by being rotated about an intermediate point of the long groove. The impeller according to claim 1, wherein the impeller is provided.   An outer cylinder is provided coaxially with the rotating shaft and surrounding the plurality of blades so as to form a flow path for the fluid around the rotating shaft and the blades. The impeller according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the impeller is formed so as to be gradually narrowed as it goes downstream.   The impeller according to claim 3, wherein the outer cylinder and the rotation shaft are connected by the plurality of blades.   The impeller according to claim 3, wherein the rotating shaft and the outer cylinder are connected via a stay that rotatably supports the rotating shaft.   The rotating shaft is constituted by a central axis and a covering cylinder rotatably fitted on the central axis, and the covering cylinder and the outer cylinder are connected by the plurality of blades. Item 4. The impeller according to Item 3.