JP2017010070A - Paravirtualized network device, information processing device, information processing method, and information processing program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use a paravirtualized network device as a device compatible with a device driver used by an application that operates on a guest operating system.SOLUTION: A paravirtualized network device includes initialization means that initializes an interface with a device driver according to the device driver used by an application that operates on a guest operating system. This allows the paravirtualized network device to operate as a device compatible with the device driver.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a paravirtualized network device, an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and an information processing program.

  In the above technical field, Patent Document 1 discloses that a virtual control program provides a virtual network device. Also disclosed is a technique in which a virtual control program connects a virtual device driver and a physical device driver so that data is distributed via the virtual device driver and the physical device driver.

JP 2012-93917 A

  However, in the technique described in the above document, since the paravirtualized network device cannot cope with the device driver on the guest operating system, the paravirtualized network device that does not adapt to the device driver cannot be used.

  The objective of this invention is providing the technique which solves the above-mentioned subject.

In order to achieve the above object, a para-virtualized network device according to the present invention includes:
Initializing means for initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system is provided.

In order to achieve the above object, an information processing apparatus according to the present invention provides:
An information processing apparatus having a virtual machine operating on a host operating system and a guest operating system operating on the virtual machine,
A processor emulator running on the host operating system and forming the virtual machine;
A para-virtualized network device comprising initialization means for initializing an interface with the device driver in accordance with a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
Equipped with.

In order to achieve the above object, an information processing method according to the present invention includes:
Determining the type of device driver used by the application running on the guest operating system running on the virtual machine;
Replacing the interface of the para-virtualized network device operating on the virtual machine with an interface adapted to the device driver based on the result of the determination; and
including.

In order to achieve the above object, an information processing program according to the present invention provides:
Determining the type of device driver used by the application running on the guest operating system running on the virtual machine;
Replacing the interface of the para-virtualized network device operating on the virtual machine with an interface adapted to the device driver based on the result of the determination; and
Is executed on the computer.

  According to the present invention, since the para-virtualized network device can cope with the device driver on the guest operating system, it is possible to use a para-virtualized network device that is not adapted to the device driver.

It is a block diagram for demonstrating the structure of the paravirtualized network device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the initialization process sequence of the paravirtualized network device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the function structure of the information processing apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the function structure of the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the principal part structure of the virtio device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the virtio device at the time of the virtio driver connection in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the virtio device at the time of the pole mode driver connection in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the initialization process procedure of the virtio device in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the packet reception process procedure of the normal application in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the packet transmission processing procedure of the normal application in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the packet transmission / reception processing procedure of the high-speed packet communication application in the information processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the components described in the following embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention only to them.

[First Embodiment]
A para-virtualized network device as a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The para-virtualized network device 100 includes an initialization unit 101.

  The initialization unit 101 initializes the interface of the para-virtualized network device 100 so as to operate as a device adapted to the type of device driver included in the application operating on the guest operating system operating on the virtual machine.

  Next, an initialization process procedure of the para-virtualized network device 100 will be described with reference to FIG.

  In step S201, the initialization unit 101 of the para-virtualized network device 100 receives a device driver type notification from the guest operating system. Next, in step S203, the initialization unit 101 initializes and operates the interface of the para-virtualized network device 100 according to the type of device driver.

  According to the present embodiment, the initialization unit 101 initializes the interface of the para-virtualized network device 100 so as to operate as a device adapted to the type of device driver included in the application.

  Therefore, the para-virtualized network device 100 can be used as a device adapted to the device driver provided in the guest operating system.

[Second Embodiment]
An information processing apparatus 300 as a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The information processing apparatus 300 includes hardware 301. Further, a host operating system 302 operates on the hardware 301, and a virtual switch 321 and a virtual machine 303 operate on the host operating system 302.

  When a physical network card is connected to the hardware 301, the virtual switch 321 can perform network communication through the physical network card.

  The virtual machine 303 includes a processor emulator 331 connected to the virtual switch 321 and a para-virtualized network device 332.

  Furthermore, a guest operating system 304 operates on the virtual machine 303, and an application 305 having a device driver 351 operates on the guest operating system 304.

  The para-virtualized network device 332 is provided by the processor emulator 331 and includes an initialization unit 333.

  The initialization unit 333 receives a notification from the guest operating system 304 regarding the type of the device driver 351 that the application 305 operating on the guest operating system 304 has. Then, the interface of the para-virtualized network device 332 is initialized so as to operate as a device adapted to the device driver 351. Thereby, the para-virtualized network device 332 operates as a device adapted to the device driver 351 included in the application 305.

  According to the present embodiment, the para-virtualized network device 332 can be used as a device adapted to the device driver 351 included in the application 305.

  Therefore, the application 305 can control the operation of the virtual switch 321 on the host operating system 302 through the guest operating system 304 and the virtual machine 303.

  When two or more virtual machines exist on the host operating system 302, it is possible to perform communication between applications on different virtual machines using the para-virtualized network devices of the respective virtual machines. .

[Third Embodiment]
Next, an information processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

《Prerequisite technology》
A technique for controlling a network with software called SDN (Software-Defined Networking) attracts attention. Furthermore, a technique for virtualizing a network function called NFV (Network Function Virtualization) to increase service flexibility has attracted attention. By using a general-purpose server, it is possible to reduce hardware for specific applications, simplify the configuration, and facilitate operation. Virtualization is used as these elemental technologies.

  In server virtualization, virtual machine monitors represented by KVM / qemu (Kernel-based Virtual Machine / qemu) emulate input / output devices. There is a virtio device as a standard emulation device for network cards in virtualization. The virtio device looks like a general PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) device for a guest operating system operating in a virtual machine. For this reason, many operating systems used as guest operating systems provide device drivers for virtio devices.

  As server virtualization becomes commonplace in data centers and the like, high-speed packet communication is required in network services that handle a large amount of packets such as firewalls and DPI (Deep Packet Inspection).

  Network packet communication performance is a major issue in server virtualization. By causing the guest device to directly handle a physical device using PCI pass-through or SR-IOV (Single Root I / O Virtualization) pass-through technology, it is possible to obtain almost the same performance as the physical environment. However, flexibility, which is a merit using virtualization, is lost.

  On the other hand, a DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit), which is a development kit for creating an application for performing high-speed packet communication in a general-purpose server, has attracted attention.

  In DPDK, a mechanism called a poll mode driver is used to reduce device access latency and realize high-speed packet communication. For this reason, high-speed packet communication applications have been created using DPDK. In addition, as service flexibility using virtualization technology and simplification of operations progress, application of high-speed packet communication applications using DPDK is required.

  When attempting to ensure network packet communication performance using DPDK in a guest operating system, it is difficult for the virtio device to perform high-speed packet communication. That is, the virtio device emulates a general PCI device. For this reason, when the device is accessed from the driver, the emulation by the host operating system is inserted, so that the overhead (indirect or additional processing size) increases and it becomes difficult to perform high-speed packet communication. ing.

  In order to realize high-speed packet communication, there is a proposal to mount a special device in the virtual machine in accordance with the operation of the DPDK poll mode driver. However, such a special device can be accessed only by a guest operating system having a driver dedicated to the device, and cannot be used by a guest operating system used in a general server application. For this reason, it is necessary to change the type of the virtual machine according to the guest operating system in the application of the service to be deployed, which makes management complicated.

<< Description of this embodiment >>
FIG. 4 is a block diagram for explaining a functional configuration of the information processing apparatus according to the present embodiment. In the figure, the information processing apparatus 400 includes hardware 401 on which a physical network interface card (NIC) 411 is mounted. The physical NIC 411 is connected to the hardware 401 and transmits / receives a packet to / from a network (not shown).

  A host operating system 402 is operating on the hardware 401. Further, on the host operating system 402, a virtual switch 421 and two virtual machines (VMs) 403 and 404 are operating. In the present embodiment, Linux (registered trademark) is used as the host operating system 402.

  Each of the virtual machines 403 and 404 is realized by KVM / qemu, has qemu 431 and 441, and includes virtio devices 433 and 443 as para-virtualized network devices provided by the qemu 431 and 441.

  Further, the virtio devices 433 and 443 of the virtual machines 403 and 404 are connected to the virtual switch 421 through the vhost-user back-end functions 432 and 442 provided by the qemu 431 and 441 and the vhost-user 422 provided by the virtual switch 421. . As a result, the virtio devices 433 and 443 can use the physical NIC 411 via the virtual switch 421 and communicate via an external network.

  The virtio devices 433 and 443 include initialization units 434 and 444 used when connecting to device drivers included in the applications 407 and 408 operating on the guest operating systems 405 and 406 operating on the virtual machines 403 and 404. Yes.

  A normal application 407 having a virtio driver 471 is running on the guest operating system 405.

  A high-speed packet communication application 408 having a DPDK 481 poll mode driver 482 is running on the guest operating system 406. In the present embodiment, the high-speed packet communication application 408 is created using DPDK.

  The normal application 407 operating on the virtual machine 403 performs network communication through the virtio device 433, the virtual switch 421, and the physical NIC 411 using the virtio driver 471.

  The high-speed packet communication application 408 operating on the virtual machine 404 performs network communication through the virtio device 443, the virtual switch 421, and the physical NIC 411 using the poll mode driver 482.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a main configuration of the virtio devices 433 and 443. As shown in FIG. 5, the virtio devices 433 and 443 include initialization units 434 and 444, a virtio driver interface 501, and a pole mode driver interface 502. The initialization units 434 and 444 have determination units 535 and 545, respectively. Further, the virtio driver interface 501 has a PCI register 511.

  In the guest operating system 405 operating on the virtual machine 403, the virtio device 433 is recognized as a PCI device and can be recognized and controlled by the virtio driver 471.

  That is, the guest operating system 405 notifies the determination unit 535 of the initialization unit 434 of the virtio device 433 so that the virtio device 433 operates as a PCI device. When the initialization unit 434 initializes the virtio device 433, the virtio driver 471 communicates with the virtio device 433 via the PCI register 511 and the memory 602 of the virtio driver interface 501 as shown in FIG. You can make a request. Further, the processing completion notification of the virtio device 433 is transmitted to the virtio driver 471 through an interrupt to a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 601. When transmitting a packet, a transmission command is written in the PCI register 511 so as to transmit the packet stored in the memory 602. When the packet transmission is completed, the virtio device 433 interrupts the CPU 601, and the virtio driver 471 uses the PCI register 511 and the memory 602 to confirm the transmission completion. When receiving a packet, the virtio device 433 writes the packet information in the memory 602 and interrupts the CPU 601. In response to the interrupt, the virtio driver 471 checks the packet information on the memory 602 and sets a memory area for a new packet through the PCI register 511.

  On the other hand, in the guest operating system 406 operating on the virtual machine 404, the virtio device 443 is recognized as a PCI device. However, the high-speed packet communication application 408 uses the poll mode driver 482 of the DPDK 481 to access the virtio device 443 through a poll mode dedicated interface. Thereby, the overhead in the virtio device 443 is removed, and the high-speed packet communication application 408 can perform high-speed packet communication.

  That is, the guest operating system 406 notifies the determination unit 545 of the initialization unit 444 of the virtio device 443 so that the virtio device 443 operates as a device adapted to the poll mode driver 482. As a result, the initialization unit 444 initializes the virtio device 443, and the operation by the pole mode driver 482 is completed so as to be completed on the memory 702 as shown in FIG. That is, the operation is performed by securing a packet operation area for each transmission / reception on the memory 702. During packet transmission, the packet is written in the transmission area. The virtio device 443 during the poll mode operation always checks the transmission area on the memory 602 using the poll mode driver interface 502, and performs transmission processing when transmission packets are stacked. Further, when the virtio device 443 receives the packet, it writes the packet in the reception area on the memory 702. The poll mode driver 482 is designed to always check the reception area by polling. Therefore, the poll mode driver 482 finds that a received packet exists by polling, and receives the packet.

  Therefore, the high-speed packet communication application 408 can perform high-speed communication with reduced virtualization overhead using the virtio device 443.

  Next, an initialization process procedure of the virtio devices 433 and 443 in the information processing apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to a flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S801, the system administrator creates virtual machines (VM) 403 and 404. When the guest operating systems 405 and 406 are activated in step S803, the guest operating systems 405 and 406 probe the virtio devices 433 and 443 in step S805. As a result of this probe, the guest operating system 405 determines the type of driver that the normal application 407 has, and requests the virtio device 433 to adapt to the virtio driver 471. In addition, the guest operating system 406 determines the type of driver included in the high-speed packet communication application 408 and requests the virtio device 443 to adapt to the poll mode driver 482.

  After this, the virtio devices 433 and 443 start initialization. In step S807, the initialization units 434 and 444 of the virtio devices 433 and 443 included in the virtual machines 403 and 404 determine whether the device driver included in the applications 407 and 408 is a DPDK pole mode driver.

  If the result of determination in step S807 is that it is a DPDK pole mode driver, in step S809, the initialization units 434 and 444 initialize the virtio devices 433 and 443 as devices suitable for the pole mode driver. Thereafter, in step S811, the initialization units 434 and 444 determine whether or not the initialization is successful. If the initialization is not successful, the process proceeds to step S813. If the initialization is successful, the process is performed. Exit.

  If the result of determination in step S807 is that it is not a DPDK pole mode driver, in step S813, the initialization units 434 and 444 initialize the virtio devices 433 and 443 as standard virtio devices. As a result, the virtio devices 433 and 443 operate as standard virtio devices.

  In this embodiment, since the device driver of the normal application 407 is the virtio driver 471, the initialization unit 434 initializes and operates the virtio device 433 as a standard virtio device. On the other hand, since the device driver included in the high-speed packet communication application 408 is the poll mode driver 482 of the DPDK 481, the initialization unit 444 initializes and operates the virtio device 443 as a device suitable for the poll mode driver. Note that the initialization unit 444 of the virtio device 443 initializes the virtio device 443 as a standard virtio device if it cannot be initialized as a device adapted to the pole mode driver. As a result, the virtio device 443 is operated as a standard virtio device. In this case, the high-speed packet communication application 408 can use the virtio device 443 although the overhead becomes large. For this reason, it is not necessary to divide the virtual machines provided corresponding to the normal application and the high-speed packet communication application.

  Next, a processing procedure when the normal application 407 performs packet communication will be described with reference to FIG.

  The normal application 407 communicates with the outside of the virtual machine 403 through the network stack 901.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a processing procedure when the normal application 407 receives a packet. When the normal application 407 receives a packet, when the virtio device 433 receives the packet, the virtio device 433 notifies the virtio driver 471 of the reception of the packet by using an interrupt. The virtio driver 471 receives packet data in response to a packet reception interrupt. This packet data is processed by the network stack 901 and then passed to the normal application 407.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a processing procedure when the normal application 407 transmits a packet. When the normal application 407 transmits a packet, the normal application 407 passes transmission data to the network stack 901. Then, the network stack 901 constructs a packet and passes it to the virtio driver 471. The virtio driver 471 issues a packet transmission instruction to the virtio device 433. When the virtio device 433 completes packet transmission, the virtio device 433 issues a transmission completion interrupt to the virtio driver 471, and data transmission is completed.

  Next, a processing procedure when the high-speed packet communication application 408 performs packet communication will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a processing procedure when the high-speed packet communication application 408 performs packet communication.

  The high-speed packet communication application 408 operates the virtio device 443 through the poll mode driver 482 of the DPDK 481. In DPDK481, the packet reception process is a polling operation. That is, the high-speed packet communication application 408 fetches data directly from the virtio device 443 through the poll mode driver 482. If the data to be captured does not exist on the virtio device 443, the high-speed packet communication application 408 does nothing and proceeds to the next process. When transmitting a packet, the high-speed packet communication application 408 checks the transmission descriptor of the virtio device 443 through the poll mode driver 482, and performs packet transmission if there is a vacancy. If there is no space in the transmission descriptor, the high-speed packet communication application 408 proceeds to the next processing without doing anything.

  In this embodiment, Linux (registered trademark) is used as the host operating system 402, but the present invention is not limited to this. In this embodiment, the high-speed packet communication application 408 and the poll mode driver 482 are created using the DPDK 481, but the present invention is not limited to this. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the paravirtualized device is virtio and the processor emulator is qemu. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

[Other Embodiments]
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present invention within the scope of the present invention. In addition, a system or an apparatus in which different features included in each embodiment are combined in any way is also included in the scope of the present invention.

  In addition, the present invention may be applied to a system composed of a plurality of devices, or may be applied to a single device. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to a case where an information processing program that implements the functions of the embodiments is supplied directly or remotely to a system or apparatus. Therefore, in order to realize the functions of the present invention on a computer, a program installed in the computer, a medium storing the program, and a WWW (World Wide Web) server that downloads the program are also included in the scope of the present invention. . In particular, at least a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the processing steps included in the above-described embodiments is included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  A para-virtualized network device comprising initialization means for initializing an interface with the device driver according to a device driver used by an application operating on a guest operating system. The initialization unit includes a determination unit that determines the type of the device driver, and based on the determination result, replaces the interface with the device driver with an interface adapted to the device driver.
The para-virtualized network device according to claim 1.   The para-virtualized network device according to claim 2, wherein when the device driver is a pole mode driver, the initialization unit replaces the interface with an interface adapted to the pole mode driver.   The para-virtualized network device according to claim 2, wherein, when the device driver is a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) driver, the initialization unit replaces the interface with an interface adapted to the PCI driver. An information processing apparatus having a virtual machine operating on a host operating system and a guest operating system operating on the virtual machine,
A processor emulator running on the host operating system and forming the virtual machine;
A para-virtualized network device comprising initialization means for initializing an interface with the device driver in accordance with a device driver used by an application operating on the guest operating system;
An information processing apparatus comprising: a first virtual machine with a normal application using the virtio driver;
A second virtual machine with a high-speed packet communication application using a pole mode driver;
The information processing apparatus according to claim 5, comprising: Determining the type of device driver used by the application running on the guest operating system running on the virtual machine;
Replacing the interface of the para-virtualized network device operating on the virtual machine with an interface adapted to the device driver based on the result of the determination; and
An information processing method including: Determining the type of device driver used by the application running on the guest operating system running on the virtual machine;
Replacing the interface of the para-virtualized network device operating on the virtual machine with an interface adapted to the device driver based on the result of the determination; and
An information processing program that causes a computer to execute.

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