JP2017002107A - Soil conditioner - Google Patents
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- JP2017002107A JP2017002107A JP2015113977A JP2015113977A JP2017002107A JP 2017002107 A JP2017002107 A JP 2017002107A JP 2015113977 A JP2015113977 A JP 2015113977A JP 2015113977 A JP2015113977 A JP 2015113977A JP 2017002107 A JP2017002107 A JP 2017002107A
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- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 122
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000125135 Dictyochloropsis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000243426 Westiellopsis prolifica Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000192542 Anabaena Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000013735 Anabaena torulosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000832615 Apatococcus lobatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001247255 Aphanothece halophytica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192685 Calothrix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000212402 Chlorococcum echinozygotum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001293155 Coelastrella terrestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192700 Cyanobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894358 Dilabifilum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000947653 Fontinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000568637 Hydrocoleum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001080283 Leptolyngbya lurida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001226557 Lyngbya confervoides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001478799 Myrmecia biatorellae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013817 Nostoc commune Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001131 Nostoc commune Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001663787 Oscillatoria limosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002245 Penicillium camembertii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000192665 Plectonema Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000530613 Pseudanabaena limnetica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000405792 Spirulina major Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000530636 Spirulina subsalsa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001512067 Symploca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000157473 Tolypothrix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000092447 Tolypothrix fragilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000021962 pH elevation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、塩害土壌やアルカリ土壌などの改良に適した土壌改良剤に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a soil conditioner suitable for improving salt-damaged soil or alkaline soil.
現在、世界各地において、海域における干拓地の土壌や、長期間使用したハウス栽培土壌や、内陸部における河川域の堆積土壌などに、塩害問題やアルカリ化問題が発生している。 Currently, salt damage problems and alkalinization problems are occurring in polder soil in the sea area, house cultivation soil that has been used for a long period of time, and sedimentary soil in river areas in the inland region.
なかでも、中国国内では塩害土壌はもちろん、アルカリ土壌が深刻化している。アルカリ土壌の原因としては、中国国内の河川に流れる水はｐＨ８以上であることが考えられる。 In particular, in China, alkaline soil as well as salt-damaged soil has become serious. As a cause of the alkaline soil, it is considered that the water flowing in the river in China has a pH of 8 or more.
このような河川の水は農業用や林業用としても使用されており、農地や植林地において、現に農作物や樹木が定着せず、枯れてしまうという問題が発生している。 Such river water is also used for agriculture and forestry, and there is a problem that crops and trees are not settled and die in farmlands and plantations.
従来、塩害発生土壌の改良方法として、塩分吸収能力及び空中窒素固定能力の高い藻類を用いて、塩害発生土壌を処理することより、塩害発生土壌を改良する方法が考え出されている（特許文献１）。 Conventionally, as a method for improving a salt damage occurrence soil, a method for improving the salt damage occurrence soil has been devised by treating the salt damage occurrence soil with algae having a high ability to absorb salt and fix nitrogen in the air (Patent Literature). 1).
さらに、塩害発生土壌の改良に適した土壌改良剤として、脱脂米ぬかと微細藻類と石灰を配合してペレットにしたものや、植物繊維を包含する培地を用いて培養した藻類を含有したものや、含窒素化合物含有素材と塩分吸収能を有する藻類とを含有したものが存在する（特許文献２、３、４）。 Furthermore, as a soil conditioner suitable for the improvement of salt damage generating soil, those blended with defatted rice bran, fine algae and lime into pellets, those containing algae cultured using a medium containing plant fibers, There are those containing a nitrogen-containing compound-containing material and algae having a salt-absorbing ability (Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4).
しかしながら、上記従来の塩害発生土壌の改良方法や、塩害土壌改良剤は、その名の通り、塩害土壌の改良には非常に優れていたが、アルカリ土壌の改良には充分な効果を有さないという課題を有していた。 However, the conventional methods for improving salt-damaged soil and the salt-damaged soil improver, as the name suggests, were very good for improving salt-damaged soil, but have no sufficient effect for improving alkaline soil. It had the problem that.
さらに、上記従来の塩害発生土壌の改良方法や、塩害土壌改良剤は、植物の根が張りづらく、栄養も吸収されにくい粘土質土壌や、土壌微生物が少なく、植物に必要な栄養素が分解されないような、いわゆる痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有さないという課題を有していた。 In addition, the conventional methods for improving salt-damaged soil and the salt-damaged soil improver are used to prevent the decomposition of nutrients necessary for plants because clay-based soils that have difficult plant roots and are difficult to absorb nutrients and soil microorganisms are few. However, it has a problem that it does not have a sufficient effect for improving so-called thin soil.
そこで、本発明は、上記従来の塩害土壌改良剤の課題を解決するものであり、塩害土壌の改良はもちろん、アルカリ土壌、粘土質土壌、及び痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有する土壌改良剤を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。 Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the conventional salt-damaged soil improving agent, and has sufficient effects not only for improving salt-damaged soil but also for improving alkaline soil, clayey soil, and thin soil. The purpose is to provide an improving agent.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、及びピートモスをそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 The soil improver of the present invention contains algae having an ability to absorb salt, rice bran, and peat moss as active ingredients.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、ピートモス、及びγ−ポリグルタミン酸をそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 Furthermore, the soil improver of the present invention contains algae having a salt-absorbing ability, rice bran, peat moss, and γ-polyglutamic acid as active ingredients.
そして、本発明の土壌改良剤において、塩分吸収能を有する藻類の含有量は、０. １〜８０重量％とし、米糠の含有量は、５〜９０重量％とし、ピートモスの含有量は、５〜９０重量％とし、γ−ポリグルタミン酸の含有量は、０. １〜５０重量％としている。 And in the soil improvement agent of this invention, content of the algae which has salt absorption ability shall be 0.1-80 weight%, content of rice bran shall be 5-90 weight%, and content of peat moss is 5 weight%. The content of γ-polyglutamic acid is 0.1 to 50% by weight.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、以上に述べたような含有成分としており、藻類は、塩害土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、米糠及びピートモスは、粘土質土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、さらに藻類、米糠及びピートモスは、痩せた土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、また米糠、ピートモス及びγ−ポリグルタミン酸は、アルカリ土壌の改良に有効なものとなるので、塩害土壌の改良はもちろん、アルカリ土壌、粘土質土壌、及び痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有するものとなった。 The soil improver of the present invention has the components as described above. Algae is effective for improving salt-damaged soil, rice bran and peat moss are effective for improving clay soil, and algae. Rice bran and peat moss are effective for improving thin soil, and rice bran, peat moss and γ-polyglutamic acid are effective for improving alkaline soil. It has sufficient effect for improving clay soil and thin soil.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、前記含有成分のγ−ポリグルタミン酸が、植物の根からの重金属などの吸収を抑えることができるので、重金属で汚染された土壌の改良にも効果を有するものとなった。 Furthermore, the soil improver of the present invention is effective in improving soil contaminated with heavy metals because the component γ-polyglutamic acid can suppress the absorption of heavy metals from the roots of plants. It became.
以下、本発明の土壌改良剤を実施するための形態について、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the form for implementing the soil improvement agent of this invention is demonstrated in detail.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、上記したように塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、及びピートモスをそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 As described above, the soil conditioner of the present invention contains algae, rice bran, and peat moss having a salt-absorbing ability as active ingredients.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、上記したように塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、ピートモス、及びγ−ポリグルタミン酸をそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 Furthermore, as described above, the soil conditioner of the present invention contains algae, rice bran, peat moss, and γ-polyglutamic acid having a salt-absorbing ability as active ingredients.
本発明において、塩分吸収能を有する藻類は、塩害土壌の改良や痩せた土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、さらに土壌微生物数を増加させ、土壌の硬度も低下させるのに有効なものとなる。 In the present invention, the algae having a salt-absorbing ability are effective for improving salt-damaged soil and thinned soil, and are effective for increasing the number of soil microorganisms and reducing soil hardness.
また、前記藻類のうちフォルミジウムは、土壌表面にネット上に広がり土壌の水分蒸発を防ぐ役割と寒冷地などの地温の低下を防止する役割もあり、過剰肥料地のミネラルバランスの調整を行うこともできる。 Among the algae, formidium spreads on the surface of the soil on the net and has the role of preventing moisture evaporation of the soil and the role of preventing a decrease in the ground temperature such as in cold regions, and can adjust the mineral balance of excess fertilizer land. it can.
前記藻類の含有量としては、０. １〜８０重量％と土壌の塩害の程度や、土壌の肥沃の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは０. ２〜４０重量％であり、より好ましくは１〜５重量％である。 The algae content can be 0.1 to 80% by weight and can be in a wide range depending on the degree of soil salt damage, the degree of soil fertility, etc. The content is preferably 0.2 to 40% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
前記藻類としては、例えば、藍藻類では、アナベナ・トルロサ(Anabaena torulosa) 、アファノセケ・ハロフィチカ(Aphanothece halophytica) 、オッシラトリア・リムネチカ(Oscillatoria limnetica)、スピルリナ・スブサルサ(Spirulina subsalsa)、ミクロコレス・クソノプラステス(Microcoleus chthonoplastes)、ベスチェロプシス・プロリフィカ(Westiellopsis prolifica) 、トリポスリックス・セイロニカ(Tolypothrix ceylonica) 、フォルミジウム・ルリドム(Phormidium luridum)、ノストック・コムネ(Nostoc commune)、アナベナ・スファエリカ(Anabaena sphaerica)、カロスリックス・クルスタセア(Calothrix crustacea) 、スピルリナ・マジョール(Spirulina major) 、オッシラトリア・リモサ(Oscillatoria limosa) 、リングビア・コンフェルボイデス(Lyngbya confervoides)、シンプロカ・ラエテ−ビリディス(Symploca laete-viridis)、ヒドロコレウム・メネグヒニアヌム(Hydrocoleum meneghinianum) 、プレクトネマ・ハンスギルギ(Plectonema hansgirgi)、トリポスリックス・フラギリス(Tolypothrix fragilis)、スキトネマ・ジャバリキュム(Scytonema javanicum) 、ディコスリックス・バウエリアナ(Dichothrixbaueriana) 、リブラリア・ブラタ(Rivularia bullata) 、ハパロシホン・フォンチナリス(Hapaloshiphon fontinalis)、ベスチェロプシス・プロリフィカ(Westiellopsis prolifica) などが挙げられる。そして、緑藻類では、スコチェロプシス・テレストリス(Scotiellopsis terrestris)、クロロコッカム・エキノチゴツム(Chlorococcum echinozygotum)、ミルメキア・ビアトレラエ(Myrmecia biatorellae)、ディクチオクロロプシス・レチキュラテ(Dictyochloropsis reticulate) 、クロレラ・ブルガリス(Chlorella vulgaris)、アパトコッカス・ロバツス(Apatococcus lobatus) 、ディラビフィルム・アルソピレニアエ(Dilabifilum arthopyreniae) などが挙げられる。なお、本発明において、塩分吸収能を有する藻類は、これら藻類の一種、又は、二種以上組み合わせて用いても良い。 Examples of the algae include cyanobacteria: Anabaena torulosa, Aphanothece halophytica, Oscillatoria limnetica, Spirulina subsalsa, Micros chthonoplastes), Westiellopsis prolifica, Tolypothrix ceylonica, Phormidium luridum, Nostoc commune, Anabaena ena phas pha・ Calothrix crustacea, Spirulina major, Oscillatoria limosa, Lyngbya confervoides, Symploca laete-viridis Hydrocoleum meneghinianum, Plectonema hansgirgi, Tolypothrix fragilis, Sitanema javanicum, thr ), Hapaloshiphon fontinalis, Westiellopsis prolifica, and the like. And among the green algae, Scotiellopsis terrestris, Chlorococcum echinozygotum, Myrmecia biatorellae, Dictyochloropsis rechlor vulgaris, Dictyochloropsis ), Apatococcus lobatus, Dilabifilum arthopyreniae and the like. In the present invention, the algae having a salt-absorbing ability may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
本発明において、米糠は、粘土質土壌の改良や痩せた土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、ピ−トモスは、粘土質土壌の改良、痩せた土壌の改良、及びアルカリ土壌の改良に有効なものとなる。 In the present invention, rice bran is effective for improving clay soil and thin soil, and peat moss is effective for improving clay soil, thin soil, and alkaline soil. It becomes.
米糠やピートモスは、土壌中の孔隙をつくり、藻類と共に土壌微生物の栄養源となり、さらにミネラルの緩衝作用もあり、微生物による分解にも役立ち、金属イオンによる植物の生育阻害を防ぐことも可能となる。土壌微生物の一つである硝化菌は、有機物の分解によって発生するアンモニアを硝酸イオンに化学合成する過程で水素イオン（Ｈ＋ ）を排出し、土壌のｐＨに影響を与える（酸性領域にする）ことが可能となる。アルカリ土壌ということは土壌中の水酸化物イオン（ＯＨ− ）が多い状態である。硝化菌によって排出された水素イオンと土壌中の水酸化物イオンが結合し水が合成されると、土壌中の水酸化物イオンが減少し、土壌のｐＨが下がる。 Rice bran and peat moss create pores in the soil, become a nutrient source for soil microorganisms along with algae, and also have a buffering effect on minerals, which also helps in decomposition by microorganisms and can prevent plant growth inhibition by metal ions. . Nitrifying bacteria, one of the soil microorganisms, discharges hydrogen ions (H + ) in the process of chemically synthesizing ammonia generated by the decomposition of organic matter into nitrate ions, and affects the pH of the soil (makes it acidic) It becomes possible. Alkaline soil is a state in which there are many hydroxide ions (OH − ) in the soil. When hydrogen ions discharged by nitrifying bacteria combine with hydroxide ions in the soil to synthesize water, the hydroxide ions in the soil decrease and the pH of the soil decreases.
米糠の含有量としては、５〜９０重量％と土壌の粘土質の程度や、土壌の肥沃の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは４０〜８０重量％であり、より好ましくは５５〜６５重量％である。ピートモスの含有量としては、５〜９０重量％と土壌の粘土質の程度や、土壌の肥沃の程度、土壌のアルカリ度の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは１０〜５０重量％であり、より好ましくは２５〜３５重量％である。 The rice bran content can be 5 to 90% by weight and can be in a wide range depending on the degree of soil clay and the degree of soil fertility, but it is preferable in view of versatility. Is 40 to 80% by weight, more preferably 55 to 65% by weight. The content of peat moss can be in a wide range depending on the soil clayiness level, soil fertility level, soil alkalinity level, etc. In consideration of the above, it is preferably 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably 25 to 35% by weight.
なお、米糠としては、普通の米糠のほか、脱脂米糠を用いることができる。米糠は、玄米を精白するときに生ずる果皮、種皮、外胚乳などの混合物であるが、米糠を圧搾または抽出して油脂を取り出した脱脂米糠を用いてもよい。 In addition, as the rice bran, in addition to ordinary rice bran, defatted rice bran can be used. Rice bran is a mixture of pericarp, seed coat, outer endosperm, etc. produced when white rice is refined, but defatted rice bran obtained by pressing or extracting rice bran to extract oils and fats may be used.
本発明において、γ−ポリグルタミン酸は、粘土質土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、さらに重金属で汚染された土壌の改良にも効果を有するものとなった。 In the present invention, γ-polyglutamic acid is effective for improving clay soil, and also has an effect for improving soil contaminated with heavy metals.
γ−ポリグルタミン酸は、高吸水作用や保水作用を有しており、重金属などをコロイド化し、植物の根からの吸収を抑えることができるという作用を有する。 [gamma] -polyglutamic acid has a high water-absorbing action and a water-retaining action, and has the action of colloiding heavy metals and the like to suppress absorption from plant roots.
γ−ポリグルタミン酸の含有量としては、０. １〜５０重量％と土壌の粘土質の程度や、土壌の汚染の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは２０〜３０重量％であり、より好ましくは５〜１５重量％である。 The content of γ-polyglutamic acid is 0.1 to 50% by weight and can be set in a wide range depending on the degree of soil clay and the degree of soil contamination. Considering it, it is preferably 20 to 30% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight.
次に、本発明の土壌改良剤を実施例によって詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるものではない。 Next, although the soil improvement agent of this invention is demonstrated in detail by an Example, this invention is not limited by these Examples.
〔実施例１〕
実施例１で使用した本発明の土壌改良剤の成分の構成比は、次の通りである。
[Example 1]
The composition ratios of the components of the soil improver of the present invention used in Example 1 are as follows.
・フォルミジウム・ルリドム １重量％
・クロレラ・ブルガリス １重量％
・米糠 ５９. ４重量％
・ピートモス ２９. ７重量％
・γ−ポリグルタミン酸 ８. ９重量％
・ Formidium ・ Ruridom 1% by weight
・ Chlorella Bulgaris 1% by weight
-Rice bran 59.4% by weight
・ Peat moss 29.7% by weight
・ Γ-polyglutamic acid 8.9% by weight
上記構成の土壌改良剤を用いて、上海市崇明島（中国）の公園内の植林地における土壌を改良した。 Using the soil conditioner having the above structure, the soil in the plantation area in the park of Chongming Island, Shanghai, China was improved.
植林する際、直径約５０ｃｍ、深さ約５０ｃｍの略円柱形状、若しくは一辺約５０ｃｍの略立方体形状とした樹木を植える穴を掘り、かき出した一穴分の土壌に、上記構成成分の土壌改良剤５００ｇを加え、十分に混合し、その土壌に水をかけよく馴染ませた。そして、その土壌にビニール袋やシートを被せ、雨の影響を受けにくい状態にした。 When planting a tree, the soil improving agent of the above components is dug into a hole for planting a tree with a diameter of about 50 cm and a depth of about 50 cm, or a tree with a side of about 50 cm. 500 g was added, mixed well, and the soil was well sown with water. The soil was covered with a plastic bag or sheet, making it less susceptible to rain.
１月後半に試験を開始したことから、気温、地温ともに低かったため、土壌微生物の活性が低いことが予想されたため２ヶ月間その状態にした（温度が高い春から秋にかけては1 ヶ月で十分である）。そして、１ヶ月に１度若しくは２度、土の切り替えしを行った。 Since the test started in the second half of January, both the temperature and the ground temperature were low, so the activity of soil microorganisms was expected to be low, so it was in that state for two months (one month is sufficient from spring to autumn when the temperature is high). is there). The soil was switched once or twice a month.
３月後半に、改良区の土壌サンプルを採取し、土壌のｐＨ及び電気伝導度（ＥＣ）を測定した。その結果を表１に示す。 In the second half of March, soil samples from the improved area were collected and the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
表１によると、改良区における処理前の土壌は、平均ｐＨが８．５であり、平均電気伝導度（ＥＣ）が１２１．７ｍＳ／ｃｍであり、平均細菌数（一般生菌数）が４. ９×１０６ 個／ｇであり、放線菌数が３. ０×１０６ 個／ｇであり、糸状菌数が２. ８×１０６ 個／ｇであったが、改良区における処理後の土壌は、平均ｐＨが７．１となり、平均電気伝導度（ＥＣ）が１７６．３ｍＳ／ｃｍとなり、平均細菌数（一般生菌数）が４５. ７×１０６ 個／ｇとなり、放線菌数が５０. ０×１０６ 個／ｇとなり、糸状菌数が６８. ２×１０６ 個／ｇとなった。 According to Table 1, the soil before treatment in the improved area has an average pH of 8.5, an average electrical conductivity (EC) of 121.7 mS / cm, and an average bacterial count (general viable count) of 4. 9 × 10 6 cells / g, actinomycete count was 3.0 × 10 6 cells / g, and filamentous fungus count was 2.8 × 10 6 cells / g. Soil has an average pH of 7.1, an average electrical conductivity (EC) of 176.3 mS / cm, an average bacterial count (general viable count) of 45.7 × 10 6 / g, and actinomycetes The number was 50.0 × 10 6 / g, and the number of filamentous fungi was 68.2 × 10 6 / g.
通常、樹木は、土壌のｐＨが８を超えると、根への悪影響を受け生育できない。根が定着しないと言われている。しかし、改良区では、明らかにｐＨの減少が認められ、樹木の生育可能なｐＨとなった。 In general, when the pH of the soil exceeds 8, the tree cannot grow due to an adverse effect on the roots. It is said that the roots do not settle. However, in the improved plot, a clear decrease in pH was observed, and the pH was such that trees could grow.
また、電気伝導度（ＥＣ）も増加しており、根から吸収されるミネラル分が増加されたことが判明した。しかも、土壌微生物（細菌、放線菌、糸状菌）が、１オーダー増加した。 Moreover, electrical conductivity (EC) was also increasing, and it was found that the mineral content absorbed from the roots was increased. Moreover, soil microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi) increased by one order.
さらに、４月初めに、上記コントロール区及び改良区の土壌サンプルを採取し、土壌の団粒構造の形成状況を測定した。その結果を表２に示す。 Furthermore, at the beginning of April, soil samples of the control zone and the improved zone were collected, and the formation state of the soil aggregate structure was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
団粒構造とは、土壌中の粒子が小さな塊を形成している構造をいい、団粒構造が形成されると、保水性、排水性、通気性に富み、植物の生育に適した土壌となる。団粒構造の有無は、土壌の三相（固相、液相、気相）の割合と仮比重（全体容積に占める固相の割合）で測定することができる。 Aggregate structure refers to a structure in which particles in the soil form a small lump. Once the aggregate structure is formed, the soil has excellent water retention, drainage, and air permeability, and is suitable for plant growth. Become. The presence or absence of aggregate structure can be measured by the ratio of the three phases of the soil (solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase) and the provisional specific gravity (the ratio of the solid phase in the total volume).
適度に湿った畑の土は、固相：液相：気相の割合が4 ：3 ：3 で、仮比重が０. ９６〜１. ０６ｋｇ／Ｌであるのが理想的である。 Ideally, the soil in a moderately wet field should have a ratio of solid phase: liquid phase: gas phase of 4: 3: 3 and a temporary specific gravity of 0.96 to 1.06 kg / L.
サンプル採取時は雨天後であったため、やや気相が少なく、液相が多くなっている。コントロールは、粘土質の単粒構造がメインで気相がとても少ない。このような土壌は、排水性が悪く、根腐れを起こす可能性がある。根が伸長する場所が限られており、植物の健全な生育にあまり適していない。 Because the sample was collected after rain, the gas phase was slightly less and the liquid phase was higher. The main control is a clay-like single grain structure with very little gas phase. Such soils have poor drainage and can cause root rot. The location where the roots grow is limited and is not well suited for the healthy growth of plants.
これに対し、改良区の土壌は、固相が６８％から４５％まで下がっており、液相、気相も理想値に近い。しかも、改良区の土壌の仮比重は、理想値内に収まっている。このような土壌は、微生物活性、有機物バランスが良好であり、植物の根が伸長しやすく、ミミズなど土壌中生物の活動場所も確保されており、植物の健全な生育に適するものとなった。 In contrast, the soil in the improved zone has a solid phase that has fallen from 68% to 45%, and the liquid phase and the gas phase are close to ideal values. Moreover, the temporary specific gravity of the soil in the improved area is within the ideal value. Such a soil has good microbial activity and organic matter balance, and the roots of plants are easy to grow, and the place of activity of soil organisms such as earthworms is secured, making it suitable for the healthy growth of plants.
〔実施例２〕
実施例２で使用した本発明の土壌改良剤の成分の構成比は、実施例１で使用したものと同様、次の通りである。
[Example 2]
The composition ratio of the components of the soil conditioner of the present invention used in Example 2 is as follows, similar to that used in Example 1.
・フォルミジウム・ルリドム １重量％
・クロレラ・ブルガリス １重量％
・米糠 ５９. ４重量％
・ピートモス ２９. ７重量％
・γ−ポリグルタミン酸 ８. ９重量％
・ Formidium ・ Ruridom 1% by weight
・ Chlorella Bulgaris 1% by weight
-Rice bran 59.4% by weight
・ Peat moss 29.7% by weight
・ Γ-polyglutamic acid 8.9% by weight
上記構成の土壌改良剤を用いて、石垣島（緯度２４. ３５度、東経１２４. ２３度、平均気温２４. ３℃、年間降雨量２１０６ｍｍ）の土壌（アルカリ性の粘土質土壌）を改良した。 Soil (alkaline clayey soil) on Ishigaki Island (latitude 24.35 degrees, east longitude 124.23 degrees, average temperature 24.3 ° C., annual rainfall 2106 mm) was improved using the soil improver having the above-described configuration.
２月１３日、二個所の改良区（面積：１，０００ｍ２ ）に、土壌改良剤３０ｋｇを満遍なく散布した。なお、土壌が乾いたら灌水した。 On February 13, 30 kg of soil conditioner was spread evenly over two improved areas (area: 1,000 m 2 ). When the soil was dry, it was irrigated.
２月１３日から１週間毎、５週間にかけて、各改良区の３地点において、土壌のｐＨとＥＣを測定した。測定結果をそれぞれ表３、４に示すと共に、併せて測定結果の平均値による土壌のｐＨ変化及びＥＣ変化を図１、２に示す。 From February 13 every week for 5 weeks, soil pH and EC were measured at 3 points in each improved area. The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively, and the soil pH change and EC change according to the average value of the measurement results are shown in FIGS.
表３、４及び図１、２によると、各改良区の土壌のｐＨは、２週間を経過するころから下がり始め、５週間でｐＨ８を下回った。さらに、各改良区の土壌のＥＣは、１週間経過後から上昇した。 According to Tables 3 and 4 and FIGS. 1 and 2, the pH of the soil in each improved area began to drop after about 2 weeks and dropped below pH 8 in 5 weeks. Furthermore, the EC of the soil in each improved area increased after 1 week.
なお、試験開始から２週間後ほどから、土壌表面に白カビが観察された。土壌のｐＨとＥＣの変化は、土壌微生物の活性化により有機物が分解されてイオンとなって溶け出しているからだと考えられる。 In addition, white mold was observed on the soil surface from about two weeks after the start of the test. The changes in soil pH and EC are considered to be due to the organic matter being decomposed and dissolved as ions by the activation of soil microorganisms.
したがって、本発明の土壌改良剤は、前記含有成分とすることにより、塩害土壌の改良はもちろん、アルカリ土壌、粘土質土壌、及び痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有するものとなる。 Therefore, the soil improver of the present invention has a sufficient effect not only for improving salt-damaged soil but also for improving alkaline soil, clayey soil, and thin soil by using the above-mentioned components.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、前記含有成分に加えてγ−ポリグルタミン酸を含有させることにより、植物の根からの重金属などの吸収を抑えることができ、重金属で汚染された土壌の改良にも効果を有するものとなる。
Furthermore, the soil conditioner of the present invention can suppress absorption of heavy metals from the roots of plants by containing γ-polyglutamic acid in addition to the above-mentioned components, and can improve soil contaminated with heavy metals. Also has an effect.
表１によると、改良区における処理前の土壌は、平均ｐＨが８．５であり、平均ＥＣ（電気伝導度）が１２１．７μＳ／ｃｍであり、平均細菌数（一般生菌数）が４. ９×１０６個／ｇであり、放線菌数が３. ０×１０６個／ｇであり、糸状菌数が２. ８×１０６個／ｇであったが、改良区における処理後の土壌は、平均ｐＨが７．１となり、平均ＥＣ（電気伝導度）が１７６．３μＳ／ｃｍとなり、平均細菌数（一般生菌数）が４５. ７×１０６個／ｇとなり、放線菌数が５０. ０×１０６個／ｇとなり、糸状菌数が６８. ２×１０６個／ｇとなった。 According to Table 1, the soil before treatment in the improved area has an average pH of 8.5, an average EC (electrical conductivity) of 121.7 μS / cm , and an average bacterial count (general viable count). 4.9 × 10 6 cells / g, actinomycete count 3.0 × 10 6 cells / g, and filamentous fungus count 2.8 × 10 6 cells / g. Has an average pH of 7.1, an average EC (electrical conductivity) of 176.3 μS / cm , an average bacterial count (general viable count) of 45.7 × 10 6 / g, and an actinomycete count The result was 50.0 × 10 6 cells / g, and the number of filamentous fungi was 68.2 × 10 6 cells / g.
表３、４及び図１、２によると、改良区における処理前の土壌は、平均ｐＨが８．９０であったが、各改良区において２週間を経過するころから下がり始め、５週間で平均ｐＨが７. ７６まで下がった。さらに、改良区における処理前の土壌は、平均ＥＣが０．２４ｍＳ／ｃｍであったが、各改良区において１週間を経過するころから上がり始め、５週間で平均ＥＣが０．３６ｍＳ／ｃｍまで上がった。 According to Tables 3 and 4 and FIGS. 1 and 2, the soil before the treatment in the improved plots had an average pH of 8.90, but started to decrease after about 2 weeks in each improved plot and averaged over 5 weeks. The pH dropped to 7.76. Furthermore, the soil before the treatment in the improved plots had an average EC of 0.24 mS / cm, but started to rise after about one week in each improved plot and the average EC reached 0.36 mS / cm in five weeks. Rose.
Claims (4)
The content of algae having salt-absorbing ability is 0.1 to 80% by weight, the content of rice bran is 5 to 90% by weight, the content of peat moss is 5 to 90% by weight, and the content of γ-polyglutamic acid Is 0.1 to 50% by weight, The soil conditioner according to claim 2.
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| CN107652984A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-02-02 | 施守亮 | A kind of growth of watermelon soil conditioner |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2022045716A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-22 | 石井 卯 | Cultivation soil |
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| JP6514042B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
| CN106244149A (en) | 2016-12-21 |
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