JP2017090027A

JP2017090027A - Fluidized bed stoker furnace

Info

Publication number: JP2017090027A
Application number: JP2015227088A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 建十鳥居; Kento Torii
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-11-02
Filing date: 2015-11-02
Publication date: 2017-05-25

Abstract

【課題】この発明は、高温の循環砂の上に廃棄物を乗せ燃焼用空気の供給を利用し砂を移動させ乾燥、中間燃焼、完全燃焼を目的とする流動床式ストーカ炉を提供する。【解決手段】焼却炉床は階段状に固定し、燃焼用空気が吹き出す穴のみで、固定した階段状の最上段の垂直部分より高温の循環砂をスクリューコンベヤで流し込み、下流へ循環砂押出と燃焼用空気を送り込む散気管から出る燃焼用空気を利用し、高温の循環砂を下流方向へ移動させ、その高温の循環砂の上に被焼却物を乗せ燃焼用空気の供給を利用し、乾燥、中間燃焼、炭化させ完全燃焼を繰り返し燃焼させる、また、ストーカ炉では多量の被焼却物の焼却が可能で、流動床炉では焼却残渣がない、ストーカ炉の特徴と流動床炉の特徴を組み合わせたシンプルで火格子をなくした構造にして、多量の被焼却物を循環砂の移動を利用し、被焼却物を移動させながら、乾燥、中間燃焼、炭化させ完全燃焼させることが特徴の流動床式ストーカ炉。【選択図】図１PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fluidized bed stoker furnace for placing a waste material on hot circulating sand and moving the sand using a supply of combustion air for drying, intermediate combustion and complete combustion. SOLUTION: The incinerator floor is fixed in a staircase shape, and only the holes through which combustion air is blown out, hot circulating sand is poured from the vertical part of the uppermost fixed staircase shape by a screw conveyor, and the circulating sand is extruded downstream. Using the combustion air that comes out of the diffuser pipe that feeds the combustion air, move the hot circulating sand in the downstream direction, place the incineration object on the hot circulating sand, use the supply of combustion air, and dry Combining the characteristics of the stoker furnace with the characteristics of the fluidized bed furnace, in which a large amount of incinerated materials can be incinerated in the stoker furnace, and there is no incineration residue in the fluidized bed furnace. The fluidized bed is characterized by a simple and grate-free structure that uses a large amount of incinerated material to move the circulating sand and dry, intermediate-burn, and carbonize and completely burn while moving the incinerated material. Stoker furnace. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

この発明は、高温の循環砂の上に被焼却物を乗せ燃焼用空気の供給を利用し砂を移動させ乾燥、中間燃焼、完全燃焼を目的とする流動床式ストーカ炉に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a fluidized bed stoker furnace for placing an incineration object on hot circulating sand and moving the sand using a supply of combustion air for drying, intermediate combustion, and complete combustion.

従来は、金属製火格子の上に被焼却物を乗せ、火格子の下方から送風機により乾燥も兼ねた燃焼用空気を供給し燃焼を行うストーカ炉であった。
ゴミ供給口に最も近いストーカ段の風箱に、高温排ガスの供給ラインを設け、空気と高温排ガスの混合気体で被焼却物を乾燥させる方式である。Conventionally, it is a stoker furnace in which an object to be incinerated is placed on a metal grate, and combustion air is supplied from the lower side of the grate by using a blower and also burns.
This is a system in which a high-temperature exhaust gas supply line is provided in a stoker-stage wind box closest to the dust supply port, and the incinerated material is dried with a mixed gas of air and high-temperature exhaust gas.

特開２００２−００２１２４号公報 JP 2002-002124 A

これは、次のような欠点があった。
火格子が稼働することにより被焼却物を移動させるため、稼働時間の経過により火格子と火格子の隙間が大きくなり燃焼物が落下し火格子を稼働させる油圧装置に引火し、火災が発生する原因になっていた。
焼却灰以外の焼却残渣が発生するので、最終処分にかかる費用が膨大である。
一般に、これまでのストーカ式焼却炉は、
火格子が前後に稼働することで被焼却物を下流方向へ移動させていた。
また、火格子の下部方向から燃焼用空気を送り込み被焼却物を燃焼させていた。
そのため、火格子の経年劣化により火格子の隙間が大きくなり燃焼物が落下、火格子を稼働させる油圧装置に引火し火災が発生していた。
また、最終燃焼段で燃え残った焼却残渣を多く排出するので埋め立てする土地の面積が膨大に必要で、焼却プラント以外の部分でも膨大な費用が必要であった。
焼却灰以外の焼却残渣が発生するので最終処分にかかる費用が膨大であった。
現在は、最終処分場の確保が難しい状況で、今回、機械的な動作をなくし、火災の発生をなくし、最終処分する焼却残渣がない燃焼装置を提供する。
本発明は、以上のような欠点をなくすためになされたものである。This has the following drawbacks.
Since the incinerated material is moved by the operation of the grate, the gap between the grate and the grate becomes larger as the operation time elapses, the combusted material falls, and the hydraulic device that operates the grate ignites, causing a fire. It was the cause.
Since incineration residues other than incineration ash are generated, the cost for final disposal is enormous.
In general, conventional stoker-type incinerators
The incinerator was moved in the downstream direction by moving the grate back and forth.
Moreover, the combustion air was sent from the lower direction of the grate to burn the incinerator.
As a result, the grate gap has become larger due to aging degradation of the grate, and the combustibles have fallen, and the hydraulic device that operates the grate has ignited and a fire has occurred.
In addition, since a large amount of incineration residue left unburned in the final combustion stage is discharged, the land area to be reclaimed is enormous, and enormous costs are required in parts other than the incineration plant.
Since incineration residue other than incineration ash is generated, the cost for final disposal was enormous.
Currently, it is difficult to secure a final disposal site. This time, we will provide a combustion device that eliminates mechanical operation, eliminates the occurrence of fire, and has no incineration residue for final disposal.
The present invention has been made to eliminate the above drawbacks.

焼却炉床は階段状に固定し、燃焼用空気が吹き出す穴のみで、固定した階段状の最上段の垂直部分より高温の循環砂をスクリューコンベヤで流し込み、下流へ循環砂押出と燃焼用空気を送り込む散気管から出る燃焼用空気を利用し、高温の循環砂を下流方向へ移動させ、その高温の循環砂の上に被焼却物を乗せ燃焼用空気の供給を利用し乾燥、中間燃焼、炭化させ完全燃焼を繰り返し燃焼させる、また、ストーカ炉では多量の被焼却物の焼却が可能で、流動床炉では焼却残渣がない、ストーカ炉の特徴と流動床炉の特徴を組み合わせたシンプルで火格子をなくした構造にして、多量の被焼却物を循環砂の移動を利用し、被焼却物を移動させながら、乾燥、中間燃焼、炭化させ完全燃焼させることが特徴の流動床式ストーカ炉。 The incinerator floor is fixed in a staircase shape, and only the holes through which combustion air is blown out, hot circulating sand is poured from the vertical part of the fixed staircase uppermost stage with a screw conveyor, and the circulating sand extrusion and combustion air are discharged downstream. Using the combustion air that comes out of the diffuser pipe that is sent in, move the high-temperature circulating sand in the downstream direction, place the incinerated material on the high-temperature circulating sand, and use the supply of combustion air to dry, intermediate combustion, carbonization In a stoker furnace, it is possible to incinerate a large amount of incineration, and in a fluidized bed furnace, there is no incineration residue. A simple and grate that combines the characteristics of a stoker furnace with the characteristics of a fluidized bed furnace. A fluidized bed stoker furnace that is characterized by having a structure that eliminates the waste, and using the movement of circulating sand to move a large amount of the incinerated material to dry, intermediate-combust, and carbonize and completely burn it while moving the incinerated material.

（イ）火格子等の機械式の稼働機器がないため、燃焼物の落下による火災等は発生しない。
（ロ）高温の循環砂の上に被焼却物を乗せ燃焼用空気の供給を利用し、砂を移動させ乾燥、中間燃焼、炭化させ完全燃焼させるので焼却残渣は、鉄、アルミ等の有価物のみである。(B) Since there are no mechanical operating devices such as grate, there is no fire caused by the fall of combustion products.
(B) Place incinerator on high-temperature circulating sand and use the supply of combustion air to move the sand to dry, intermediate combustion, carbonization and complete combustion, so the incineration residue is valuable, such as iron and aluminum Only.

本発明の断面図である。 It is sectional drawing of this invention.

以下、本発明を実施するための形態について説明する。
循環砂押出装置（１）で循環砂（２）を、上流側から下流方向へ移動させるための押込み送風機Ｎｏ１（６）から出る燃焼用空気（１８）を押込み送風機Ｎｏ１用ヘッダー管１（８）、を介し、各段に設置した押込み送風機Ｎｏ１用ヘッダー管２（９）から押込む空気の風量を調節し、耐火物で形成された炉床が階段状の垂直部分に複数設置された散気管（１０）から押込む空気の風圧により、高温の循環砂（２）の流量を調節しながら炉床が階段状になっている焼却炉内を下流方向へ移動させる。
さらに、最下部へと移動した循環砂（２）は助燃バーナー（４）で加熱され、押込み送風機Ｎｏ２（７）から出る燃焼用空気（１８）を風箱（１１）に集め散気管（１２）より焼却炉内（１６）へ均等に空気を送り、流動砂（３）を流動させる。
さらに、助燃バーナー（４）で熱せられた流動砂（３）は砂抜管（５）を通過し、循環砂押出し装置（１）へ移動させ、反復繰り返す。
その循環砂（２）の上にゴミ投入ホッパー（１３）に投入された焼却ごみ（１４）（被燃焼物）を押込み用プッシャー（１５）で焼却炉内へと押込み、高温の循環砂（２）の上へ移動させる。
焼却炉内の循環砂（２）の上に載った被焼却物（１４）は、循環砂押出と燃焼用空気を送り込む散気管（１０）から押し込まれる空気により乾燥する。
さらに、循環砂押出と燃焼用空気を送り込む散気管（１０）から押し込まれる空気で炉床が階段状になっている焼却炉内を下流へと移動し、押込み送風機Ｎｏ３（１７）から出る燃焼用空気（１８）は、燃焼用空気吹き出し口（１９）から焼却炉内へと押し込まれる。
焼却炉内で乾燥した被焼却物（１４）は、乾燥、中間燃焼、炭化する部分（２２）の間では、下部から循環砂（２）で熱せられ、さらに上部燃焼用空気吹き出し口（１９）から燃焼用空気（１８）が当たり乾燥、中間燃焼と同時に、炭化するスピードが速くなる。
次に循環砂押出と燃焼用空気を送り込む散気管（１０）から出る空気により、押し下げられ炭化した被焼却物（１４）は、焼却炉内（１６）へと移動して完全燃焼する。
未燃ガス、排ガスは上部の二次燃焼する焼却炉の部分（２３）へと移動、アルミ缶、鉄缶等の不燃物は、下部砂抜管（５）方向へと分別される。
上部の二次燃焼する焼却炉の部分（２３）へと移動した未燃ガス、排ガスは、さらに、二次燃焼用押込み送風機（２０）から出る燃焼用空気（１８）を、二次燃焼空気吹き出し口（２１）から炉内へ押し込み、未燃ガスを再燃焼させることによりダイオキシン等の濃度を抑制する。
二次燃焼した排ガス（２４）は発電用ボイラーなどのため、有効利用する。
なお、下流方向へ被焼却物（１４）を燃焼させながら移動した高温の循環砂（２）は焼却炉内（１６）の部分では、さらに高温の流動砂（３）となる。
被焼却物（１４）に混入した、アルミ缶や鉄缶の不燃物を流動砂（３）と一緒に砂抜管（５）方向へ移動させ、振動ふるいで分別し、流動砂（３）は循環砂押込装置（１）方向へ移動させる。
また、アルミ缶、鉄缶等の不燃物は有価物としてリサイクルすることを特徴とする。Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described.
Combustion air (18) exiting from a forced blower No1 (6) for moving the circulating sand (2) from the upstream side to the downstream direction by the circulating sand extrusion device (1), the header pipe 1 (8) for the forced blower No1 The air diffuser with multiple hearths made of refractory installed in the vertical part of the staircase by adjusting the air volume pushed from the header pipe 2 (9) for the pusher fan No1 installed in each stage The inside of the incinerator where the hearth is stepped is moved in the downstream direction while adjusting the flow rate of the high-temperature circulating sand (2) by the wind pressure of the air pushed in from (10).
Furthermore, the circulating sand (2) moved to the lowermost part is heated by the auxiliary burner (4), and the combustion air (18) coming out of the forced air blower No2 (7) is collected in the wind box (11) and the diffuser pipe (12). Air is evenly fed into the incinerator (16) to cause the fluidized sand (3) to flow.
Furthermore, the fluidized sand (3) heated by the auxiliary burner (4) passes through the sand removal pipe (5), moves to the circulating sand extrusion device (1), and repeats repeatedly.
On the circulating sand (2), the incineration waste (14) (combustible material) charged into the dust input hopper (13) is pushed into the incinerator by the pushing pusher (15), and the high-temperature circulating sand (2 ).
The incinerated object (14) placed on the circulating sand (2) in the incinerator is dried by the air pushed through the circulating sand extrusion and the air diffuser pipe (10) for feeding the combustion air.
Further, for the combustion that goes out of the incinerator where the hearth is stepped by the air pushed in from the circulating sand extrusion and the air diffuser pipe (10) that feeds the combustion air, and goes out from the pusher No. 3 (17) Air (18) is pushed into the incinerator from the combustion air outlet (19).
The incinerated product (14) dried in the incinerator is heated by the circulating sand (2) from the lower part between the parts to be dried, intermediate-combusted and carbonized (22), and further the upper combustion air outlet (19). Thus, the combustion air (18) hits and the carbonization speed increases at the same time as drying and intermediate combustion.
Next, the incinerated object (14) that has been pushed down and carbonized by the air that exits the circulating sand extrusion and the air diffuser pipe (10) that feeds combustion air moves into the incinerator (16) and burns completely.
Unburned gas and exhaust gas move to the upper incinerator portion (23) where secondary combustion occurs, and incombustibles such as aluminum cans and iron cans are separated toward the lower sand removal pipe (5).
The unburned gas and exhaust gas moved to the upper incinerator portion (23) where the secondary combustion is performed further blows the combustion air (18) coming out of the secondary combustion pusher (20) into the secondary combustion air. The concentration of dioxins and the like is suppressed by pushing into the furnace from the mouth (21) and reburning the unburned gas.
The secondary combustion exhaust gas (24) is effectively used for a power generation boiler or the like.
The high-temperature circulating sand (2) moved while burning the incinerated object (14) in the downstream direction becomes still higher-temperature fluidized sand (3) in the incinerator (16).
Incombustible material (14) mixed with incombustible material such as aluminum cans and iron cans is moved along with the fluid sand (3) in the direction of the sand removal pipe (5) and separated by a vibrating screen. The fluid sand (3) is circulated. Move toward the sand pushing device (1).
In addition, non-combustible materials such as aluminum cans and iron cans are recycled as valuable materials.

１循環砂押出装置
２循環砂
３流動砂
４助燃バーナー
５砂抜き管
６押込み送風機Ｎｏ１
７押込み送風機Ｎｏ２
８押込み送風機Ｎｏ１用ヘッダー管１
９押込み送風機Ｎｏ１用ヘッダー管２
１０循環砂押出と燃焼用空気を送り込む散気管
１１風箱
１２散気管
１３ゴミ投入ホッパー
１４焼却ごみ（被焼却物）
１５押込み用プッシャー
１６完全燃焼し、焼却灰、排ガスは上部へ、不燃物は下部へ分別する部分
１７押込み送風機Ｎｏ３
１８押込み送風機から出る燃焼用空気
１９燃焼用空気吹き出し口
２０二次燃焼用押込み送風機Ｎｏ４
２１二次燃焼用空気吹き出し口
２２乾燥、中間燃焼、炭化する部分
２３二次燃焼する焼却炉の部分
２４排ガスDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Circulating sand extrusion apparatus 2 Circulating sand 3 Fluidized sand 4 Auxiliary combustion burner 5 Sand removal pipe 6 Pushing fan No1
7 Pushing fan No2
8 Header tube 1 for indenter blower No1
9 Header tube 2 for indenter blower No1
10 Circulating sand extrusion and air diffuser pipe for sending combustion air 11 Wind box 12 Air diffuser pipe 13 Garbage injection hopper 14 Incineration waste (incinerated material)
15 Pusher 16 for indentation Completely combusted, incinerated ash and exhaust gas are separated to the upper part, incombustibles are separated to the lower part 17 Indenter blower No3
18 Combustion air exiting from the pusher blower 19 Combustion air outlet 20 Pusher blower No4 for secondary combustion
21 Secondary Combustion Air Outlet 22 Drying, Intermediate Combustion, Carbonized Part 23 Secondary Combustion Incinerator Part 24 Exhaust Gas

Claims

The incinerator floor is fixed in a staircase shape, and only the holes through which combustion air is blown out, hot circulating sand is poured from the vertical part of the fixed staircase uppermost stage with a screw conveyor, and the circulating sand extrusion and combustion air are discharged downstream. Using the combustion air that comes out of the diffuser pipe to be sent, move the high-temperature circulating sand in the downstream direction, place the incineration object on the high-temperature circulating sand, use the supply of combustion air, dry, intermediate combustion, Carbonization and complete combustion are repeated repeatedly.In addition, a large amount of incineration can be incinerated in a stoker furnace, and there is no incineration residue in a fluidized bed furnace. A simple and fire that combines the characteristics of a stoker furnace with the characteristics of a fluidized bed furnace. A fluidized-bed stoker furnace that has a structure that eliminates the grid, and uses a large amount of incinerated material to move the circulating sand to dry, intermediately burn, carbonize, and completely burn while moving the incinerated material.