JP2016168735A - Lamination molding device and lamination molding method - Google Patents
Lamination molding device and lamination molding method Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、３次元積層造形技術に関し、特に、複数の材料を用いて造形する積層造形装置および積層造形方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a three-dimensional additive manufacturing technique, and more particularly, to an additive manufacturing apparatus and additive manufacturing method for forming an object using a plurality of materials.
３次元ＣＡＤ（Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ Ａｉｄｅｄ Ｄｅｓｉｇｎ）データを層分割し、分割した層毎に層の上に層を積むように材料を付加しながら層間を付着させて、３次元形状の構造物を数値表現から製造する方法は、国際規格でＡｄｄｉｔｉｖｅ Ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇと定義されている。１９８０年代に発明されたこの製造方法は、一般的には３Ｄプリンタと呼ばれる。３Ｄプリンタは、３次元ＣＡＤデータがあれば、金型を使わずに複雑な形状を容易に製造できることから、近年、新たなものづくり手法として注目されている。 Three-dimensional CAD (Computer Aided Design) data is divided into layers, and the layers are adhered to each divided layer while adding materials so that the layers are stacked on top of each other, thereby producing a three-dimensional structure from a numerical representation. The method is defined in the international standard as Additive Manufacturing. This manufacturing method invented in the 1980s is generally called a 3D printer. In recent years, 3D printers are attracting attention as a new manufacturing method because they can easily manufacture complex shapes without using a mold if there is 3D CAD data.
３Ｄプリンタでは、切削による除去的な加工や、型に材料を流し込んで固める成形加工とは異なり、メッシュ形状やポーラス形状をはじめとする、かつては製造が難しかった形状を容易に正確に製造できる。更には、複数の種類の材料を同一の層内に自由に配置させた造形を容易とすることも期待されている。複数の材料を用いた造形により、それぞれの材料の特性を活かした新たな機能を付与した３次元構造体が実現できるからである。 In 3D printers, shapes that were once difficult to manufacture, such as mesh shapes and porous shapes, can be easily and accurately manufactured, unlike removal processing by cutting and molding processing in which a material is poured into a mold and hardened. Furthermore, it is also expected to facilitate modeling in which a plurality of types of materials are freely arranged in the same layer. This is because a three-dimensional structure having a new function utilizing the characteristics of each material can be realized by modeling using a plurality of materials.
例えば、導電材料と絶縁材料とを複合させることで、電子回路の機能を有する３次元構造体が実現する。また、硬質な材料と柔軟な材料とを複合させることで、強度と柔軟性の両立した機能を有する３次元構造体が実現する。そして、これらの機能は新規材料の開発をせずとも容易に実現することができる。 For example, a three-dimensional structure having a function of an electronic circuit is realized by combining a conductive material and an insulating material. In addition, by combining a hard material and a flexible material, a three-dimensional structure having a function having both strength and flexibility can be realized. These functions can be easily realized without developing new materials.
特性の異なる材料を同一層内に造形する方法が、特許文献１に開示されている。この方法によれば、溶融形態の第１の熱凝固性材料を第１の押出し温度で所定のパターンで供給して三次元物品を規定し、同時に、溶融形態の第２の熱凝固性材料を第２の押出し温度で分配して該三次元物品のための支持構造を規定する。 Patent Document 1 discloses a method of modeling materials having different characteristics in the same layer. According to this method, a first thermosettable material in a molten form is supplied in a predetermined pattern at a first extrusion temperature to define a three-dimensional article, and at the same time, a second thermosettable material in a molten form is provided. Distributing at a second extrusion temperature defines a support structure for the three-dimensional article.
しかしながら、特許文献１の方法では、それぞれの材料の融点の違いにより、融点の高い材料を溶融し固化して造形する際に、隣接する融点の低い材料が再溶解してしまい、目的とする形状が精度良く得られないという問題が生じている。また、この方法では、それぞれの材料の熱的性質の違いから、それぞれの材料が隣接して造形される場合に、熱による反りや変形や変質が起こるという問題がある。そのため、寸法精度が求められる構造体や反りや変形が起こりやすい薄肉の構造体の造形には使用できない。 However, in the method of Patent Document 1, due to the difference in melting point of each material, when a material having a high melting point is melted and solidified to form a shape, an adjacent material having a low melting point is re-dissolved, and the target shape is obtained. There is a problem that cannot be obtained with high accuracy. Further, in this method, there is a problem that warpage, deformation, or alteration due to heat occurs when the respective materials are formed adjacent to each other due to the difference in thermal properties of the respective materials. Therefore, it cannot be used for modeling a structure requiring dimensional accuracy or a thin structure that is likely to warp or deform.
本発明は、上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、複数の材料を同一の層内に造形して積層する３次元積層造形において、反りや変形や変質を抑制した精度の良い造形を可能とすることにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and its purpose is to achieve accuracy in which warpage, deformation, and alteration are suppressed in three-dimensional additive manufacturing in which a plurality of materials are formed and stacked in the same layer. It is to enable good modeling.
本発明による積層造形装置は、第１の材料と第２の材料とを同一の層内に造形する積層造形装置において、前記第１の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第１の材料供給部と、前記第２の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第２の材料供給部と、前記第２の材料を振動させる振動部と、前記第２の材料を加圧する加圧部とを備えている。 The additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is the additive manufacturing apparatus that forms the first material and the second material in the same layer, and supplies the first material to a predetermined position in the layer. A material supply unit; a second material supply unit that supplies the second material to a predetermined position in the layer; a vibration unit that vibrates the second material; and a pressurizing unit that pressurizes the second material. Pressure part.
本発明による積層造形方法は、第１の材料と第２の材料とを同一の層内に造形する積層造形方法において、前記第１の材料を所定の位置に供給して造形し、前記第２の材料を所定の位置に供給して造形し、前記第２の材料を造形する際に、前記第２の材料を振動させ加圧する。 The additive manufacturing method according to the present invention is the additive manufacturing method in which the first material and the second material are formed in the same layer, and the first material is supplied to a predetermined position to form the second material. The material is supplied to a predetermined position for modeling, and when the second material is modeled, the second material is vibrated and pressurized.
本発明によれば、複数の材料を同一の層内に造形して積層する３次元積層造形において、反りや変形や変質を抑制した精度の良い造形が可能となる。 According to the present invention, in three-dimensional additive manufacturing in which a plurality of materials are formed and stacked in the same layer, highly accurate modeling in which warpage, deformation, and alteration are suppressed is possible.
以下、図を参照しながら、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。但し、以下に述べる実施形態には、本発明を実施するために技術的に好ましい限定がされているが、発明の範囲を以下に限定するものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the preferred embodiments described below are technically preferable for carrying out the present invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following.
図１は、本発明の実施形態の積層造形装置の構成を示す図である。本実施形態の積層造形装置１０は、第１の材料と第２の材料とを同一の層内に造形する積層造形装置において、前記第１の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第１の材料供給部１と、前記第２の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第２の材料供給部２と、前記第２の材料を振動させる振動部５と加圧する加圧部６と、を備える。 FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an additive manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The additive manufacturing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment is an additive manufacturing apparatus that forms the first material and the second material in the same layer, and supplies the first material to a predetermined position in the layer. 1 material supply unit 1, a second material supply unit 2 that supplies the second material to a predetermined position in the layer, a vibration unit 5 that vibrates the second material, and a pressurization unit that applies pressure 6.
すなわち、積層造形装置１０は図１に示すように、３次元構造体３を造形するための造形ステージ７と、造形ステージ７上に第１の材料を所定の位置に供給して積層するための第１の材料供給部１と、造形ステージ７上に第２の材料を所定の位置に供給して積層するための第２の材料供給部２と、供給される第１の材料と第２の材料を加熱するための加熱部４と、を備えている。さらに、少なくとも第２の材料を造形する際に、第２の材料を振動させる振動部５と前記第２の材料を加圧する加圧部６とを備える。振動部５は、超音波振動などの振動を発生する機構とすることができる。加圧部６は、圧電素子や磁歪素子などを使用したアクチュエータにより、造形ステージ７表面に垂直方向の成分を有する圧力を印加することができる。 That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the layered manufacturing apparatus 10 supplies a first material to a predetermined position on the modeling stage 7 for modeling the three-dimensional structure 3 and stacks the first material on the modeling stage 7. A first material supply unit 1; a second material supply unit 2 for supplying and stacking a second material to a predetermined position on the modeling stage 7; and a first material and a second material to be supplied. And a heating unit 4 for heating the material. Furthermore, when modeling a 2nd material at least, the vibration part 5 which vibrates a 2nd material, and the pressurization part 6 which pressurizes the said 2nd material are provided. The vibration unit 5 can be a mechanism that generates vibration such as ultrasonic vibration. The pressurizing unit 6 can apply a pressure having a vertical component to the surface of the modeling stage 7 by an actuator using a piezoelectric element, a magnetostrictive element, or the like.
積層造形装置１０は、前記の各部に接続し、それぞれの材料の供給量、供給位置、供給タイミング、加熱温度、振動、加圧等の、３次元構造体３の造形に関わる制御を行なう制御部８を備えている。また、造形ステージ７は、制御部８により移動を制御する構成とすることもできる。 The additive manufacturing apparatus 10 is connected to each of the above-described units, and performs control related to modeling of the three-dimensional structure 3 such as the supply amount, supply position, supply timing, heating temperature, vibration, and pressurization of each material. 8 is provided. The modeling stage 7 can also be configured to control movement by the control unit 8.
本実施形態では、第２の材料の融点の方が、第１の材料の融点よりも高いとする。よって、第２の材料を溶融する温度は第１の材料を溶融する温度よりも高くする必要がある。しかしながら、加熱部４が第２の材料を溶融する温度まで加熱すると、第１の材料も溶融してしまい、所望の形状が得られなくなってしまう。そこで、加熱部４は、第２の材料を加熱する場合には、第１の材料が溶融する温度より低い温度で第２の材料を加熱する。加熱部４は、第２の材料を加熱しない場合もある。 In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the melting point of the second material is higher than the melting point of the first material. Therefore, the temperature for melting the second material needs to be higher than the temperature for melting the first material. However, if the heating part 4 is heated to a temperature at which the second material is melted, the first material is also melted and a desired shape cannot be obtained. Therefore, when heating the second material, the heating unit 4 heats the second material at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the first material melts. The heating unit 4 may not heat the second material.
積層造形装置１０は、第２の材料を造形層に造形する際には、第２の材料の加熱を抑制し、振動部５で第２の材料に超音波などの振動を加え、加圧部６で第２の材料を造形ステージ７の方向に加圧する。これにより、第２の材料を溶融する温度よりも低い温度で、第２の材料を造形層に造形し、下層に存在する第２の材料による部分に接合させることができる。従って、第２の材料の造形の際にも、第１の材料が溶融しなくなるため、熱による反りや変形や変質が抑制される。 The additive manufacturing apparatus 10 suppresses the heating of the second material when modeling the second material on the modeling layer, and applies vibration such as ultrasonic waves to the second material by the vibration unit 5, 6 pressurizes the second material in the direction of the modeling stage 7. Accordingly, the second material can be formed on the modeling layer at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the second material is melted, and can be joined to the portion of the second material existing in the lower layer. Therefore, since the first material does not melt even when the second material is formed, warping, deformation, and alteration due to heat are suppressed.
なお、図１の積層造形装置１０では、加熱部４は第１の材料と第２の材料とで共通としているが、それぞれ材料ごとに個別に設けることもできる。個別に設けた場合は、第１の材料の加熱部と第２の材料の加熱部とは、異なる加熱方法を用いることができる。また、加熱部４は第１の材料用にだけ設けることもできる。また、加熱部４を無くすこともできる。加熱部４を無くす場合は、振動部５と加圧部６とが、第１の材料を造形する際に、第１の材料にも振動と圧力とを与えるようにする。 In addition, in the additive manufacturing apparatus 10 of FIG. 1, the heating unit 4 is common to the first material and the second material, but may be provided individually for each material. When provided individually, different heating methods can be used for the first material heating section and the second material heating section. The heating unit 4 can be provided only for the first material. Moreover, the heating part 4 can also be eliminated. When the heating unit 4 is eliminated, the vibration unit 5 and the pressure unit 6 apply vibration and pressure to the first material when the first material is formed.
材料の種類は、第１の材料と第２の材料との２種類には限定されず、複数の材料を使用することができる。そして、これら複数の材料に対応した材料供給部や加熱部や振動部や加圧部を設けることができる。 The kind of material is not limited to two kinds of the first material and the second material, and a plurality of materials can be used. And the material supply part corresponding to these several materials, a heating part, a vibration part, and a pressurization part can be provided.
以下に説明する積層造形装置１０の具体的な形態では、３次元構造体３として電子回路の機能を有する３次元構造体を製造することを想定し、これに対応した第１の材料と第２の材料とを例としているが、本実施形態はこれには限定されない。 In the specific form of the additive manufacturing apparatus 10 described below, it is assumed that a three-dimensional structure having a function of an electronic circuit is manufactured as the three-dimensional structure 3, and the first material and the second corresponding to this are manufactured. However, the present embodiment is not limited to this.
図２は、本実施形態の積層造形装置１０により３次元構造体３を造形する、具体的な形態を説明する図である。図２では、積層造形装置１０による第２の材料の具体的な造形方法を示している。 FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a specific form of modeling the three-dimensional structure 3 by the additive manufacturing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment. In FIG. 2, the specific modeling method of the 2nd material by the additive manufacturing apparatus 10 is shown.
図２では、３次元構造体３は第１の材料による部分と第２の材料による部分とを有する。そして、第１の材料による部分と第２の材料による部分との上に、造形層を造形しているとする。造形層は、第１の材料の積層領域と第２の材料の積層領域とを有する。 In FIG. 2, the three-dimensional structure 3 has a portion made of the first material and a portion made of the second material. Then, it is assumed that the modeling layer is modeled on the part made of the first material and the part made of the second material. The modeling layer has a laminated region of the first material and a laminated region of the second material.
第１の材料は、誘電体としての性質を有し、プラスチックが代表的な材料である。具体例としては、ＡＢＳ（Ａｃｒｙｌｏｎｉｔｒｉｌｅ Ｂｕｔａｄｉｅｎｅ Ｓｔｙｒｅｎｅ）、ポリカーボネート、ポリ乳酸、アクリル、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリフェニルスルホン、ナイロン、ポリエチレン、シリコーン、エポキシ等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。 The first material has a property as a dielectric, and plastic is a typical material. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), polycarbonate, polylactic acid, acrylic, polyetherimide, polyphenylsulfone, nylon, polyethylene, silicone, epoxy, and the like.
第１の材料の積層方法としては、ＡＳＴＭ（Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｆｏｒ Ｔｅｓｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ）がＡｄｄｉｔｉｖｅ Ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇの方式として分類している方式を用いることができる。例えば、加熱部４と第１の材料供給部１とを一体化し、第１の材料供給部１を加熱して溶融した第１の材料を、第１の材料供給部１に設けたノズルなどの開口部から選択的に押出し、造形ステージ７上に堆積する材料押出方式（Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ ｅｘｔｒｕｓｉｏｎ）が挙げられる。また、他の方法としては、第１の材料供給部１から第１の材料の液滴を噴射し、選択的に硬化させ堆積させる材料噴射方式（Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ ｊｅｔｔｉｎｇ）などが挙げられる。 As a method for laminating the first material, a method classified as an additive manufacturing method by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) can be used. For example, the heating unit 4 and the first material supply unit 1 are integrated, and the first material heated and melted by the first material supply unit 1 is used as a nozzle provided in the first material supply unit 1. There is a material extrusion method that selectively extrudes from the opening and deposits on the modeling stage 7. As another method, there is a material jetting method (material jetting) in which droplets of the first material are jetted from the first material supply unit 1 and selectively cured and deposited.
第１の材料の溶融、硬化については、熱可塑性樹脂であれば、加熱溶融させた材料を所定の位置に所定量供給し、空冷によって硬化させることができる。また、熱硬化や光硬化性樹脂の場合、材料の液滴を噴射し、熱硬化性樹脂であれば加熱、光硬化性樹脂であれば紫外線等を照射することで、第１の材料を積層することができる。 Regarding the melting and curing of the first material, if it is a thermoplastic resin, a predetermined amount of the heat-melted material can be supplied to a predetermined position and cured by air cooling. In the case of a thermosetting or photocurable resin, the first material is laminated by spraying droplets of the material and heating it if it is a thermosetting resin or irradiating ultraviolet rays or the like if it is a photocurable resin. can do.
第２の材料は、電気伝導体としての性質を有する材料である。この材料は、例として、銅、銀、アルミが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。また、通常、第２の材料の融点は、第１の材料の融点よりも高い。第２の材料は粒状とすることができる。第２の材料はまた、粉末状、フィラー状、線状、板状等に加工しておいてもよい。 The second material is a material having properties as an electric conductor. Examples of this material include, but are not limited to, copper, silver, and aluminum. In general, the melting point of the second material is higher than the melting point of the first material. The second material can be granular. The second material may also be processed into powder, filler, line, plate, or the like.
第２の材料供給部２は、第２の材料を先端部に吸着して運搬する機能を備えた構成にすることができる。吸着方法としては、空気を吸引して吸着する方法や、静電気により吸着する方法が可能である。第２の材料が磁性体である場合には、磁力による吸着が可能である。第２の材料供給部２は、振動部５と加圧部６の少なくとも一方と一体化した構成とすることができる。図２では、第２の材料供給部２を、振動部５と加圧部６と一体化した構成を示している。 The 2nd material supply part 2 can be set as the structure provided with the function to adsorb | suck and convey a 2nd material to a front-end | tip part. As an adsorption method, a method of adsorbing by sucking air or a method of adsorbing by static electricity is possible. When the second material is a magnetic body, adsorption by magnetic force is possible. The second material supply unit 2 can be configured to be integrated with at least one of the vibration unit 5 and the pressure unit 6. FIG. 2 shows a configuration in which the second material supply unit 2 is integrated with the vibration unit 5 and the pressure unit 6.
次に、第１の材料と第２の材料とを造形層に造形する動作を説明する。 Next, the operation of modeling the first material and the second material on the modeling layer will be described.
まず、第２の材料供給部２は、その先端部に第２の材料を吸着する。次に、第２の材料供給部２は、造形層上を移動し、第２の材料の積層領域に第２の材料を供給する。このとき、第２の材料供給部２の先端部は、第２の材料供給部２に内蔵された振動部５と加圧部６とにより、第２の材料に、超音波などの振動と図面下方向への圧力とを加える。 First, the 2nd material supply part 2 adsorb | sucks a 2nd material to the front-end | tip part. Next, the 2nd material supply part 2 moves on a modeling layer, and supplies a 2nd material to the lamination area | region of a 2nd material. At this time, the tip of the second material supply unit 2 is subjected to vibrations such as ultrasonic waves and a drawing by the vibration unit 5 and the pressurization unit 6 incorporated in the second material supply unit 2. Apply downward pressure.
またこのとき、第２の材料は、加熱部４により、第１の材料の溶融温度よりも低い温度で加熱されていてもよい。この温度は、例えば、第２の材料の再結晶温度の１／３程度の温度とすることができる。加熱の方法としては、ヒータによる輻射熱やレーザ照射などが可能である。以上により、第２の材料は造形層内の所定の積層領域に造形され、造形層の下層に存在する第２の材料による部分と接合することができる。 At this time, the second material may be heated by the heating unit 4 at a temperature lower than the melting temperature of the first material. This temperature can be, for example, about 1/3 of the recrystallization temperature of the second material. As a heating method, radiant heat by a heater, laser irradiation, or the like is possible. By the above, the 2nd material can be modeled in the predetermined lamination field in a modeling layer, and it can join with the portion by the 2nd material which exists in the lower layer of a modeling layer.
続いて、第１の材料の積層領域に第１の材料を積層し硬化することで、造形層が完成する。第１の材料の造形と第２の材料の造形の順序は、逆であっても良い。以上の動作を造形層毎に繰り返すことで、複合構造の３次元構造体３が完成する。 Then, a modeling layer is completed by laminating | stacking and hardening a 1st material in the lamination | stacking area | region of a 1st material. The order of modeling of the first material and modeling of the second material may be reversed. By repeating the above operation for each modeling layer, the three-dimensional structure 3 having a composite structure is completed.
図３は、本実施形態の積層造形装置１０により３次元構造体３を造形する、別の具体的な形態を説明する図である。図３では、積層造形装置１０による第２の材料の具体的な造形方法を示している。 FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another specific form for modeling the three-dimensional structure 3 by the additive manufacturing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment. In FIG. 3, the specific modeling method of the 2nd material by the additive manufacturing apparatus 10 is shown.
図３において、第２の材料供給部２は、先端に設けた開口部から粉末状態や溶融状態の第２の材料を、造形層の第２の材料の積層領域内に供給する。このとき、放電部９により積層領域内に供給される第２の材料に放電することで、第２の材料を溶融状態にする。この溶融状態の第２の材料に対して、第２の材料供給部２の先端部は、第２の材料供給部２に内蔵された振動部５と加圧部６とにより、超音波などの振動と図面下方向への圧力とを加える。以上により、第２の材料は造形層内の所定の積層領域に造形され、造形層の下層に存在する第２の材料による部分と接合することができる。 In FIG. 3, the second material supply unit 2 supplies the second material in a powder state or a molten state from the opening provided at the tip into the layered region of the second material of the modeling layer. At this time, the second material is melted by discharging to the second material supplied into the stacked region by the discharge unit 9. With respect to the second material in the molten state, the tip of the second material supply unit 2 is subjected to an ultrasonic wave or the like by the vibration unit 5 and the pressurization unit 6 incorporated in the second material supply unit 2. Apply vibration and downward pressure in the drawing. By the above, the 2nd material can be modeled in the predetermined lamination field in a modeling layer, and it can join with the portion by the 2nd material which exists in the lower layer of a modeling layer.
続いて、第１の材料の積層領域に第１の材料を積層し硬化することで、造形層が完成する。第１の材料の造形と第２の材料の造形の順序は、逆であっても良い。以上の動作を造形層毎に繰り返すことで、複合構造の３次元構造体３が完成する。 Then, a modeling layer is completed by laminating | stacking and hardening a 1st material in the lamination | stacking area | region of a 1st material. The order of modeling of the first material and modeling of the second material may be reversed. By repeating the above operation for each modeling layer, the three-dimensional structure 3 having a composite structure is completed.
本実施形態では、融点の異なる複数の材料を同一の造形層に造形する際に、融点の高い材料の造形の際に、融点の高い材料に振動と圧力とを加えることにより、融点の低い材料の融点よりも低い温度で融点の高い材料の造形が可能となる。これにより、融点の高い材料の造形の際にも、融点の低い材料が溶融しなくなるため、熱による反りや変形や変質が抑制される。なお、融点の低い材料に対しても、造形時に振動と圧力とを加えることにより、融点の低い材料の融点よりもさらに低い温度での造形が可能である。 In this embodiment, when a plurality of materials having different melting points are formed in the same modeling layer, a material having a low melting point is obtained by applying vibration and pressure to the material having a high melting point when forming a material having a high melting point. It becomes possible to form a material having a high melting point at a temperature lower than the melting point. As a result, even when a material having a high melting point is formed, the material having a low melting point does not melt, so that warping, deformation, and alteration due to heat are suppressed. Note that even a material having a low melting point can be shaped at a temperature lower than the melting point of a material having a low melting point by applying vibration and pressure during shaping.
以上のように、本実施形態によれば、複数の材料を同一の層内に造形して積層する３次元積層造形において、反りや変形や変質を抑制した精度の良い造形が可能となる。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, in three-dimensional additive manufacturing in which a plurality of materials are formed and stacked in the same layer, it is possible to perform accurate modeling that suppresses warpage, deformation, and alteration.
本発明は上記実施形態に限定されることなく、特許請求の範囲に記載した発明の範囲内で種々の変形が可能であり、それらも本発明の範囲内に含まれるものである。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention.
また、上記の実施形態の一部又は全部は、以下の付記のようにも記載され得るが、以下には限られない。 Moreover, although a part or all of said embodiment may be described also as the following additional remarks, it is not restricted to the following.
付記
（付記１）
第１の材料と第２の材料とを同一の層内に造形する積層造形装置において、
前記第１の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第１の材料供給部と、
前記第２の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第２の材料供給部と、
前記第２の材料を振動させる振動部と、前記第２の材料を加圧する加圧部と、を備えている積層造形装置。
（付記２）
前記振動部と前記加圧部とは、少なくとも前記第２の材料を造形するときに、各々、前記第２の材料を振動させ加圧する、付記１記載の積層造形装置。
（付記３）
前記第１の材料もしくは前記第２の材料を加熱する加熱部を備えている、付記１または２記載の積層造形装置。
（付記４）
前記加熱部は、前記第２の材料の融点が前記第１の材料の融点よりも高い時に、前記第２の材料供給部が前記第２の材料を供給する際に、前記第２の材料を前記第１の材料の融点以下の温度に加熱する、付記３記載の積層造形装置。
（付記５）
前記振動部と前記加圧部の少なくとも一方と、前記第２の材料供給部とは一体化した構成を有する、付記１から４の内の１項記載の積層造形装置。
（付記６）
前記第２の材料供給部は、前記第２の材料を吸着して搬送する、付記１から５の内の１項記載の積層造形装置。
（付記７）
前記第２の材料を溶融する放電部を有する、付記１から６の内の１項記載の積層造形装置。
（付記８）
前記加熱部と前記第１の材料供給部とは一体化した構成を有する、付記３から７の内の１項記載の積層造形装置。
（付記９）
第１の材料と第２の材料とを同一の層内に造形する積層造形方法において、
前記第１の材料を所定の位置に供給して造形し、
前記第２の材料を所定の位置に供給して造形し、
前記第２の材料を造形する際に、前記第２の材料を振動させ加圧する、積層造形方法。
（付記１０）
前記第２の材料の融点が前記第１の材料の融点よりも高い時に、
前記第２の材料を供給する際に、前記第２の材料を前記第１の材料の融点以下の温度に加熱する、付記９記載の積層造形方法。
（付記１１）
前記第２の材料を供給する際に、前記第２の材料を吸着して搬送する、付記９または１０記載の積層造形方法。
（付記１２）
前記第２の材料を供給する際に、放電により前記第２の材料を溶融する、付記９から１１の内の１項記載の積層造形方法。
Appendix (Appendix 1)
In the additive manufacturing apparatus that forms the first material and the second material in the same layer,
A first material supply section for supplying the first material to a predetermined position in the layer;
A second material supply section for supplying the second material to a predetermined position in the layer;
An additive manufacturing apparatus comprising: a vibrating unit that vibrates the second material; and a pressurizing unit that pressurizes the second material.
(Appendix 2)
The additive manufacturing apparatus according to appendix 1, wherein the vibration unit and the pressurizing unit respectively vibrate and pressurize the second material when forming at least the second material.
(Appendix 3)
The additive manufacturing apparatus according to appendix 1 or 2, further comprising a heating unit that heats the first material or the second material.
(Appendix 4)
When the melting point of the second material is higher than the melting point of the first material, the heating unit changes the second material when the second material supply unit supplies the second material. The additive manufacturing apparatus according to appendix 3, wherein the additive manufacturing apparatus is heated to a temperature equal to or lower than a melting point of the first material.
(Appendix 5)
5. The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the vibration unit and the pressurizing unit and the second material supply unit are integrated.
(Appendix 6)
6. The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second material supply unit sucks and conveys the second material. 7.
(Appendix 7)
7. The additive manufacturing apparatus according to one of supplementary notes 1 to 6, further comprising a discharge portion that melts the second material.
(Appendix 8)
The additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of appendices 3 to 7, wherein the heating unit and the first material supply unit have an integrated configuration.
(Appendix 9)
In the additive manufacturing method for forming the first material and the second material in the same layer,
Supplying and shaping the first material to a predetermined position;
Supplying and shaping the second material to a predetermined position;
A layered modeling method in which the second material is vibrated and pressurized when the second material is modeled.
(Appendix 10)
When the melting point of the second material is higher than the melting point of the first material,
The additive manufacturing method according to appendix 9, wherein the second material is heated to a temperature not higher than the melting point of the first material when the second material is supplied.
(Appendix 11)
11. The additive manufacturing method according to appendix 9 or 10, wherein when the second material is supplied, the second material is adsorbed and conveyed.
(Appendix 12)
12. The additive manufacturing method according to any one of appendices 9 to 11, wherein when supplying the second material, the second material is melted by electric discharge.
１ 第１の材料供給部
２ 第２の材料供給部
３ ３次元構造体
４ 加熱部
５ 振動部
６ 加圧部
７ 造形ステージ
８ 制御部
９ 放電部
１０ 積層造形装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st material supply part 2 2nd material supply part 3 Three-dimensional structure 4 Heating part 5 Vibration part 6 Pressurization part 7 Modeling stage 8 Control part 9 Electric discharge part 10 Laminate modeling apparatus
Claims (10)
前記第１の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第１の材料供給部と、
前記第２の材料を前記層内の所定の位置に供給する第２の材料供給部と、
前記第２の材料を振動させる振動部と、前記第２の材料を加圧する加圧部と、を備えている積層造形装置。 In the additive manufacturing apparatus that forms the first material and the second material in the same layer,
A first material supply section for supplying the first material to a predetermined position in the layer;
A second material supply section for supplying the second material to a predetermined position in the layer;
An additive manufacturing apparatus comprising: a vibrating unit that vibrates the second material; and a pressurizing unit that pressurizes the second material.
前記第１の材料を所定の位置に供給して造形し、
前記第２の材料を所定の位置に供給して造形し、
前記第２の材料を造形する際に、前記第２の材料を振動させ加圧する、積層造形方法。 In the additive manufacturing method for forming the first material and the second material in the same layer,
Supplying and shaping the first material to a predetermined position;
Supplying and shaping the second material to a predetermined position;
A layered modeling method in which the second material is vibrated and pressurized when the second material is modeled.
前記第２の材料を供給する際に、前記第２の材料を前記第１の材料の融点以下の温度に加熱する、請求項８記載の積層造形方法。 When the melting point of the second material is higher than the melting point of the first material,
The additive manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein when the second material is supplied, the second material is heated to a temperature equal to or lower than a melting point of the first material.
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