JP2016038989A - Fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell power generation system capable of changing the output of a fuel cell to a desired output instantaneously.SOLUTION: A fuel cell power generation system includes a control unit 31 for controlling the amount of air supplied to a cathode electrode 11a, so as to switch an operation mode of a fuel cell 11 to any one of a plurality of operation modes, including a first operation mode and a second operation mode of higher output and higher temperature than the first operation mode. The control unit 31 provides a time zone τ1 where the air supplied to cathode electrode 11a exceeds a first air supply amount, i.e., the rated flow rate in the first operation mode, but reduced from a second air supply amount, i.e., the rated flow rate in the second operation mode, by a predetermined flow rate a1, when operation mode is switched from the first operation mode to second operation mode.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system, and more particularly to a technique for quickly responding to a request for changing the output of a fuel cell.

  When a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is applied to an automobile, starting and stopping and changing operating conditions, that is, changing output, are frequently performed, unlike the case of stationary use. Patent Document 1 discloses a system that supplies flow rates of fuel gas, water vapor, and air necessary for power generation according to the rated output or load current when switching the operating state of the SOFC.

  However, since the heat generation state of the cell differs depending on the operation state of the fuel cell, if fuel or air is supplied according to the rated operation state, the cell temperature will converge to the target temperature when the operation state is switched. The problem that it takes a long time arises.

JP 2003-141314 A

  As described above, the conventional fuel cell power generation system has a problem that it takes a long time to reach a desired output when the output is changed in accordance with the change in the operating condition of the fuel cell.

  The present invention has been made to solve such conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generation system capable of immediately changing the output of the fuel cell to a desired output. It is to provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides any one of a plurality of operation modes including a first operation mode and a second operation mode in which the fuel cell is operated at a higher output and a higher temperature than the first operation mode. The control part which controls supply_amount | feed_rate of oxidizing gas so that it may switch to is provided. When the operation is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the control unit exceeds the first oxidant gas supply amount, which is a rated flow rate in the first operation mode, to the amount of oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode, In addition, a time zone is provided in which the flow rate is reduced by a predetermined flow rate from the second oxidant gas supply amount that is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode.

  In the fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention, at the time of switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the amount of oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode is reduced by a predetermined flow rate from the second oxidant gas supply amount. Therefore, the heat radiation by the oxidant gas is suppressed, and the output of the fuel cell can be immediately changed to a desired output.

1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell power generation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a characteristic view which shows changes, such as a cell temperature, the amount of air supplied to a cathode electrode, and the amount of cathode heat dissipation, when switching from the 1st operation mode to the 2nd operation mode of the fuel cell power generation system concerning a comparative example. FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in cell temperature, air amount supplied to the cathode electrode, and cathode heat dissipation when the fuel cell power generation system according to the first embodiment of the present invention is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode. is there. It is a characteristic view which shows the reduction | decrease amount of cathode air, and the relationship of cell temperature of the fuel cell power generation system which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the processing operation of the fuel cell power generation system which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the fuel cell power generation system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the processing operation of the fuel cell power generation system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Description of First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a fuel cell power generation system 100 includes a fuel cell 11 having a cathode electrode 11a and an anode electrode 11b, and a first air blower 12 (oxidation gas) that supplies air (oxidant gas) to the cathode electrode 11a. Agent gas supply unit). Furthermore, an air heating heat exchanger 13 for heating air sent from the first air blower 12, a first fuel pump 14 for supplying fuel such as hydrocarbon fuel, and a fuel gas flow path Ll from the first fuel pump 14. And a fuel reformer 15 that reforms the fuel delivered via the gas and supplies the fuel to the anode 11b. In the present embodiment, an example in which air is used as an example of the oxidant gas will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any gas other than air can be used as long as the gas contains oxygen. .

  Further, a fuel circulation blower 17 that circulates the fuel gas discharged from the anode electrode 11b to the fuel reformer 15, and an exhaust gas discharged from the cathode electrode 11a are introduced via the exhaust gas passage L2, and this A reformer heating heat exchanger 16 that heats the fuel reformer 15 with heat of the exhaust gas is provided. Further, a fuel flow path pressure regulating valve 18 provided between the output port of the fuel circulation blower 17 and the exhaust gas flow path L2 and introducing part of the fuel gas discharged from the anode 11b into the exhaust gas flow path L2. And part of the exhaust gas that is provided in the exhaust gas passage L2 near the inlet of the reformer heating heat exchanger 16 and is introduced into the reformer heating heat exchanger 16 via the exhaust gas passage L2. And an exhaust passage pressure adjusting valve 19 for discharging to the outside.

  Also, combustion is performed by burning the air (oxidant gas) supplied from the second air blower 21 and the fuel supplied from the second fuel pump 22 and introducing the heated air into the oxidant gas supply port of the cathode 11a. A burner 23 is provided.

  The fuel cell 11 is, for example, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which generates electric power from the reformed fuel supplied to the anode 11b and the air supplied to the cathode 11a. Then, this power is supplied to a power demand facility such as a motor.

  The fuel reformer 15 is heated by the heat supplied from the reformer heating heat exchanger 16, reforms the fuel supplied from the first fuel pump 14 using a catalytic reaction, and the reformed fuel ( Reformed fuel containing hydrogen gas) is supplied to the anode 11 b of the fuel cell 11.

  The first air blower 12, the first fuel pump 14, the second air blower 21, the second fuel pump 22, the exhaust passage pressure adjustment valve 19, the fuel passage pressure adjustment valve 18, and the fuel circulation blower 17 are respectively It is connected to the control unit 31. The control unit 31 is a device including, for example, a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and various operators, and controls each device by transmitting a control signal to each device in response to a power output request. In particular, the control unit 31 controls the amount of air (oxidant gas amount) output from the first air blower 12 and the amount of fuel output from the first fuel pump 14.

  Further, the control unit 31 is any one of a plurality of operation modes including a first operation mode and a second operation mode in which the fuel cell 11 is operated at a higher output and a higher temperature than the first operation mode. The amount of air output from the first air blower 12 (the amount of oxidant gas supplied) is controlled so as to switch to

  Further, when the control unit 31 switches from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the control unit 31 changes the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a to a first air supply amount (first flow rate) that is a rated flow rate in the first operation mode. The control is performed to change from the oxidant gas supply amount) to the second air supply amount (second oxidant gas supply amount) that is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode. In addition, when switching from the first air supply amount to the second air supply amount, a time zone in which the flow rate exceeds the first air supply amount and is reduced by a predetermined flow rate from the second air supply amount (FIG. 3 to be described later). Of τ1). Furthermore, the control unit 31 includes storage means such as a memory (not shown), and the memory stores heat dissipation amounts per unit time in the first operation mode and the second operation mode. In addition to this, data on the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a and the amount of heat released based on the cell temperature are stored.

  Next, the operation of the fuel cell power generation system 100 at the start of operation will be described. The fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment drives the combustion burner 23 to start up the system. Further, by heating the fuel cell 11 with a combustion burner 23, an electric heater (not shown) or the like, the operating temperature of the fuel cell 11 is changed, and the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a of the fuel cell 11, and The amount of fuel supplied to the anode 11b is changed to correspond to the change in output power.

  At the start of operation, fuel and air are supplied to the combustion burner 23 by operating the second fuel pump 22 and starting the second air blower 21 as an initial operation. Then, the combustion burner 23 is combusted, and this combustion gas is supplied to the cathode 11 a of the fuel cell 11. Accordingly, the temperature of the fuel cell 11 is raised by the combustion gas supplied from the combustion burner 23.

  Thereafter, when the temperature of the fuel cell 11 reaches a rated temperature (for example, 650 ° C.), the combustion burner 23 is stopped and switched to the output of the first air blower 12. In this process, when the first air blower 12 is started, air (oxidant gas) is sent from the first air blower 12, and this air absorbs heat at the low temperature side of the air heating heat exchanger 13 (heat is absorbed). And then introduced into the oxidant gas supply port of the cathode electrode 11a. At this time, the high temperature gas discharged from the reformer heating heat exchanger 16 is introduced to the high temperature side (the side from which heat is released) of the air heating heat exchanger 13. For this reason, the air sent out from the first air blower 12 is heated by heat exchange with the high-temperature gas and introduced into the oxidant gas supply port of the cathode electrode 11a.

  At this time, since the air heated by the air heating heat exchanger 13 is usually a temperature lower by about 200 to 300 ° C. than the rated temperature of the fuel cell 11, immediately after switching from the combustion burner 23 to the first air blower 12. In this case, the temperature of the cathode electrode 11a temporarily decreases. However, due to heat generated by starting power generation, the temperature of the cathode electrode 11a rises and reaches the rated temperature.

  That is, the air introduced into the cathode electrode 11a is heated by the thermal energy generated during the power generation of the fuel cell 11, reaches a temperature substantially the same as the temperature of the fuel cell 11, and is discharged from the outlet of the cathode electrode 11a. Therefore, the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a functions as a coolant for the cells and stacks of the fuel cell 11, and in rated operation, the gas includes heat and air generated by power generation corresponding to the operating temperature of the fuel cell 11. The operating conditions (air flow rate) are set so that the amount of heat transferred to the air is balanced.

  The fuel cell 11 outputs power to be supplied to the load. That is, the fuel cell 11 is in a state where it can drive the vehicle by supplying electric power to the motor of the vehicle and driving the motor. Thereafter, when power generation is started, for example, an operation at a cell temperature of the fuel cell 11 of 650 ° C. (operation in the first operation mode) is performed.

  Next, the operation state of the fuel cell 11 when the fuel cell power generation system 100 is in operation will be described. Hereinafter, as an example, the first operation mode (for example, the cell temperature is 650 ° C.) set during normal operation of the fuel cell 11 and the high output (for example, when the vehicle travels on a highway) are set. The relationship in the second operation mode (for example, the cell temperature is 750 ° C.) will be described. The fuel cell 11 can be operated in any one of a plurality of operation modes including the first operation mode and the second operation mode.

  FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in numerical values (changes in a comparative example that does not employ the present invention) when the operating condition of the fuel cell 11 is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode. 2A shows the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11, FIG. 2B shows the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a, FIG. 2C shows the amount of heat released to the air flowing through the cathode 11a, and FIG. 2D shows the amount supplied to the anode 11b. The amount of fuel to be shown.

  In the first operation mode, the cell temperature is 650 ° C., and in the second operation mode, the cell temperature is 750 ° C., so that it is necessary to increase the cell temperature by 100 ° C. in order to switch the operation mode. Usually, an electric heater (not shown) or the like is used to raise the temperature. That is, an electric heater is installed around the fuel cell 11, electric power is supplied to the electric heater to generate heat, and this heat is transmitted to the fuel cell 11 to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 11. Furthermore, the cell temperature is raised by using a method for raising the temperature of the fuel gas and the temperature of the cathode air together.

  Further, when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is changed to a first air supply amount (first oxidant gas supply amount) which is a rated flow rate in the first operation mode. ) To the second air supply amount (second oxidant gas supply amount) which is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode. Similarly, the amount of fuel supplied to the anode 11b is changed from the flow rate in the first operation mode to the flow rate corresponding to the second operation mode.

  Specifically, by switching the output of the first air blower 12 and the output of the first fuel pump 14 at time t0 shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIGS. And the fuel amount is changed to the rated flow rate in the second operation mode. By this operation, the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11 gradually increases as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 2C, the amount of heat (heat radiation amount) released by the air flowing through the cathode 11a increases.

  In the operation mode switching period (period from t0 to t1) shown in FIG. 2, the cell temperature is T1 (as shown in FIG. For example, the temperature gradually increases from 650 ° C .; time t0) and reaches T2 (for example, 750 ° C .; time t1). That is, when the amount of heat generated by power generation in the second operation mode and the amount of heat released by air are balanced, the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11 reaches the rated temperature in the second operation mode, and at this operation temperature, Stabilize.

  As described above, the operation mode is switched by gradually increasing the temperature of the cell by heat transfer between the air and the fuel gas and the cell. Accordingly, it takes a long time (between t0 and t1 shown in FIG. 2) until the operation mode is actually switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode after the operation mode is switched. It is desirable to quickly switch between the two.

  In the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment, when the operation mode is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode in which the cell temperature is relatively high, the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a is changed to the second operation mode. By increasing the cell temperature at the time of mode switching by providing a period that is reduced by a predetermined flow rate from the second air supply amount (second oxidant gas supply amount) that is the supply amount at the rated operation of .

  FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in numerical values when the operation mode is switched in the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3A is a cell temperature of the fuel cell 11, and FIG. 3B is a cathode. The amount of air supplied to the electrode 11a, (c), shows the change in the amount of heat released to the air supplied to the cathode 11a.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, in the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment, the first air blower 12 (see FIG. 3) at time t0 when the operation mode is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode. 1), the increase in the amount of air supplied is suppressed. That is, as shown in FIG. 2B, the flow rate is not immediately increased to the second air supply amount a2 that is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode, but rather than the second air supply amount a2, the predetermined flow rate a1. Set the flow rate as low as possible. Then, after the elapse of time τ1, the air amount is gradually increased and controlled to reach the second air supply amount a2. That is, when the first air supply amount that is the rated flow rate in the first operation mode is changed to the second air supply amount that is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode, the first air supply amount is exceeded and the second air supply amount is exceeded. A time zone τ1 is provided in which the flow rate is reduced by a predetermined flow rate from the air supply amount a2.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 3C, the amount of heat (heat radiation amount) that should be radiated from the cell to the air is not temporarily released even though the power generation amount of the cell is increasing. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, the heat radiation from the cell is reduced. Accordingly, the increase in cell temperature can be promoted. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, the cell temperature T1 in the first operation mode can be switched to the cell temperature T2 in the second operation mode in a short time. That is, the cell temperature can be switched from T1 (650 ° C.) to T2 (750 ° C.) at time t0 to t2 shown in FIG. 3, which is shorter than the time t0 to t1 shown in FIG.

  FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the ratio of decreasing the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a and the temperature of the cells of the fuel cell 11. In FIG. 4, when the normal cathode flow rate is 0%, −30% indicates a 30% decrease. As can be understood from FIG. 4, the cell temperature rises as the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a decreases. For example, the cell temperature can be increased by about 50 ° C. by reducing the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a by 30%. Accordingly, if the temperature difference between the cells in the first operation mode and the second operation mode is 50 ° C., the cell temperature can be increased to a desired temperature by reducing the cathode air amount by 30% when the operation state is switched. it can. Note that the air supplied to the cathode 11a has an important role of supplying oxygen necessary for power generation to the cell. Therefore, the maximum reduction amount when reducing the air amount is supplied in accordance with the power generation of the cell. It is determined on the condition that the amount of oxygen exceeds the amount corresponding to the amount of fuel in the anode electrode.

  Compared to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the comparative example shown in FIG. 2, the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11 a when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is The first air supply amount that is the rated flow rate in the first operation mode is immediately changed to the second air supply amount that is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the heat release amount by the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is immediately switched to the heat release amount in the second operation mode.

  For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the cell temperature can only be a temperature increase due to heat supply from the outside, that is, an external heating device or heat transfer from the temperature-increased supply gas to the cell. The temperature cannot rise. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the time required for switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is the time t0 to t1, which is longer than the time t0 to t2 shown in FIG.

  That is, in this embodiment, when the operation mode is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, an increase in the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a is temporarily suppressed as shown in FIG. As a result, the cooling by the air corresponding to the increase in the amount of heat generated by the cell can be reduced, and the increase in cell temperature can be promoted. As a result, the time required for switching the operation mode can be shortened.

  Next, when the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment is operating in the first operation mode, a specific processing procedure for switching the operation mode to the second operation mode is shown in the flowchart shown in FIG. Will be described with reference to FIG. This process is executed by the control unit 31 shown in FIG. 1 at a sampling cycle of 100 [msec], for example.

  First, in step S101, the control unit 31 determines whether or not a mode switching instruction is input. In this process, for example, when the current operation mode is the first operation mode (mode that operates at a cell temperature of 650 ° C.), a switching signal for switching to the second operation mode (mode that operates at a cell temperature of 750 ° C.). It is determined whether or not is input.

  This switching signal is generated when, for example, the vehicle enters the expressway from a general road and the driving speed increases (for example, when the vehicle speed is switched from 50 Km / h to 80 Km / h) or when the accelerator opening changes. In such a case, it is output at the judgment of the ECU of the vehicle. Alternatively, it is given when the driver of the vehicle manually operates an operation switch (not shown). If a switching signal is input (YES in step S101), the process proceeds to step S102. If no switching signal is input (NO in step S101), the process returns to step S101.

  In step S102, the control unit 31 acquires a heat release amount per unit time in the second operation mode (this is Q2). This heat release amount can be determined based on the operating temperature T2 (for example, 750 ° C.) in the second operation mode. For example, it can be obtained by storing the amount of heat released per unit time for each operating temperature in a memory (not shown) of the control unit 31. The heat dissipation amount is the amount of heat that the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a takes away from the cell.

  In step S103, the control unit 31 obtains the current heat radiation amount per unit time (this is referred to as Q1). This heat dissipation amount can be obtained based on the current power generation amount of the cell, the cathode air flow rate, the cell temperature, and the like. Since the first operation mode is initially set, the heat radiation amount of the cell in the first operation mode can be used. Here, the heat radiation amount is Q1 <Q2. Further, the heat dissipation amount Q1 increases as the cell temperature rises.

  In step S104, the control unit 31 determines a heat dissipation amount difference value ΔQ (= Q2−Q1) that is a difference between them based on the heat dissipation amounts Q1 and Q2 per unit time acquired in the processing of the above-described steps S102 and S103. Is calculated.

  In step S105, the control unit 31 compares the heat release amount difference value ΔQ obtained in the above process with a preset heat release amount threshold value Qth, and determines whether or not the heat release amount difference value ΔQ is equal to or less than the heat release amount threshold value Qth. Judging.

  When it is determined in step S105 that ΔQ ≦ Qth is not satisfied (NO in step S105), in step S106, the control unit 31 sets the reduction amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a, that is, the second air supply amount. The amount of air to be reduced (predetermined flow rate) is calculated. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3B, a predetermined flow rate a1 to be decreased with respect to the second air supply amount a2 is calculated. This calculation is performed based on the cell temperature, using a learning value during operation in the second operation mode and a model in the control system. As the model, the air supply to the cathode 11a is compensated for the response related to the cooling of the cell. Further, the smaller the difference between the heat release amount difference value ΔQ when the operation mode is switched, that is, the heat release amount Q1 with the first air supply amount and the heat release amount Q2 with the second air supply amount, the smaller the predetermined flow rate a1 is set. . By so doing, the cell temperature can be made to reach the temperature of the second operation mode more quickly.

  Furthermore, the predetermined flow rate a1 is set so that the lower limit value of the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is equal to or greater than the minimum supply amount set according to the amount of fuel supplied to the anode electrode 11b. That is, the air (oxidant gas) supplied to the cathode electrode 11a needs to supply oxygen required for power generation at a minimum, and therefore, it is prevented from falling below the minimum supply amount.

  Thereafter, in step S107, the control unit 31 controls the first air blower 12 (see FIG. 1) so as to suppress the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a by the reduction amount obtained in the process of step S105. That is, at time t0 in FIG. 3B, the cathode air amount is not immediately set to the second air supply amount a2, but is set to an air amount that is smaller than the second air supply amount a2 by the predetermined flow rate a1. Thereafter, the process returns to step S103. In the next step S103, the heat dissipation amount of the cell under the operating condition in which the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is reduced is determined as a new heat dissipation amount Q1. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3A, since the cell temperature gradually increases, the heat dissipation amount at the current calculation becomes larger than the heat dissipation amount at the previous calculation. Therefore, with the passage of time, the heat release amount difference value ΔQ obtained in step S104 becomes a small numerical value. That is, since Q2 is constant and Q1 is increased, the heat dissipation amount difference value ΔQ is decreased.

  If it is determined that ΔQ ≦ Qth, that is, if the heat release amount difference value ΔQ is equal to or less than the heat release amount threshold value Qth (YES in step S105), the air supplied to the cathode 11a in step S108. Stop weight loss. That is, since “ΔQ ≦ Qth”, it is presumed that there is no problem even if the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is the second air supply amount that is the air supply amount in the second operation mode. Stop reducing the amount of air. Then, the first air blower 12 is controlled so that the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a becomes the second air supply amount a2. Thereafter, in step S109, switching to the second operation mode ends.

  This will be described with reference to the characteristic diagram of FIG. 3B. At the time t0 immediately after switching the operation mode, the cathode electrode 11a has a predetermined flow rate a1 that is less than the second air supply amount a2. The supplied air flow rate is controlled. And when time (tau) 1 passes and the thermal radiation amount difference value (DELTA) Q becomes below the threshold value Qth, the air amount is raised to the 2nd air supply amount a2. By doing so, the operation mode is switched to the second operation mode at time t2.

  And by performing such control, since it controls so that the heat dissipation by the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is reduced, the cell temperature in the first operation mode is quickly switched from the cell temperature in the second operation mode. Will be able to.

  Thus, in the fuel cell power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment, the amount of air (oxidant gas amount) supplied to the cathode 11a is changed during the switching period when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode. The second air supply amount a2 (second oxidation) that exceeds the first air supply amount (first oxidant gas supply amount) that is the rated flow rate in the first operation mode and that is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode. A time zone τ1 is provided in which the flow rate is reduced by a predetermined flow rate a1 from the agent gas supply amount). Therefore, the amount of heat released to the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a can be suppressed, and the rise in cell temperature can be promoted. As a result, when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the cell temperature rises quickly and can be shifted to the second operation mode at an early stage.

  Further, the predetermined flow rate a1 is based on the heat dissipation amount difference value ΔQ between the heat dissipation amount by the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a at the time of operation switching and the heat dissipation amount by the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a in the second operation mode. Is determined. Therefore, a suitable predetermined flow rate a1 can be set according to the magnitude of the heat release difference value ΔQ, and the first operation mode can be quickly switched to the second operation mode.

  Furthermore, since the predetermined flow rate a1 is set to be smaller as the heat dissipation amount difference value ΔQ is smaller, when the difference between the heat dissipation amount in the first operation mode and the heat dissipation amount in the second operation mode is smaller, the predetermined flow rate is set. By reducing a1, the time required to reach the second air supply amount can be shortened, and the first operation mode can be quickly switched to the second operation mode.

  Further, when the heat release amount difference value ΔQ becomes equal to or less than the heat release amount threshold value Qth, the reduction of the air amount is stopped, so that it is possible to immediately switch to the second operation mode.

  Furthermore, since the lower limit value of the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is adjusted to be equal to or greater than the minimum supply amount set according to the amount of fuel supplied to the anode electrode 11b, oxygen shortage occurs in the fuel cell 11. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly execute power generation.

[Description of Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell power generation system 100a according to the second embodiment. The fuel cell power generation system 100a shown in FIG. 6 has a configuration in which instruments are added to the fuel cell power generation system 100 shown in FIG. Only the differences will be described below.

  A fuel cell power generation system 100a shown in FIG. 6 is provided at the inlet of the cathode electrode 11a of the fuel cell 11, and has an inlet temperature sensor Tcin for measuring the temperature of air introduced into the cathode electrode 11a, and an outlet of the cathode electrode 11a. An outlet temperature sensor Tcout is provided which measures the temperature of the air discharged from the cathode electrode 11a. Furthermore, a separator temperature sensor Ts that measures the separator temperature of the fuel cell 11, an outlet temperature sensor Taout that is provided at the outlet of the anode 11b of the fuel cell 11 and measures the temperature of the gas discharged from the anode 11b, It has. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1, and thus, the same reference numerals are given and description of the configurations is omitted.

  In the fuel cell power generation system 100a according to the second embodiment, when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, by setting the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a based on the cell temperature, the cell Directly control the temperature rise. That is, in the first embodiment described above, the air amount is calculated based on the heat radiation amount of the cell, but in the second embodiment, the air amount supplied to the cathode 11a is calculated based on the cell temperature. In the following, the reference numeral indicating a sensor and the temperature output from the sensor will be indicated by the same reference numeral. For example, the temperature measured by the inlet temperature sensor Tcin is indicated by the same symbol Tcin.

  In the fuel cell power generation system 100a of the present embodiment, the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11 is calculated based on the temperatures detected by the sensors Tcin, Tcout, Ts, and Taout. That is, the four sensors Tcin, Tcout, Ts, and Taout shown in FIG. 7 have a function as a cell temperature acquisition unit that acquires the cell temperature of the fuel cell 11.

  Next, a specific processing procedure when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode during the operation of the fuel cell power generation system 100a according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. To do. This process is executed by the control unit 31 shown in FIG. This process is performed, for example, with a sampling time of 100 ms.

  First, in step S301, the control unit 31 determines whether or not a mode switching instruction is input. In this process, for example, when the current operation mode is the first operation mode, whether or not a switching signal for switching to the second operation mode in which the cell temperature is relatively higher than the first operation mode is input. Judging.

  This switching signal is the same as in the first embodiment described above, for example, when the vehicle enters the highway from a general road and the driving speed increases (for example, when the vehicle speed is switched from 50 km / h to 80 km / h). In addition, when a change in the accelerator opening occurs, it is output at the judgment of the ECU of the vehicle. Alternatively, it is given when the driver of the vehicle manually operates an operation switch (not shown). If a switching signal is input (YES in step S301), the process proceeds to step S302. If no switching signal is input (NO in step S301), the process returns to step S301.

  In step S302, the control unit 31 obtains a cell temperature (referred to as q2) in the second operation mode. The cell temperature is, for example, 750 ° C. and is stored in advance in a memory (not shown).

  In step S303, the control unit 31 acquires the current cell temperature (this is q1). The current cell temperature is comprehensively determined based on the separator temperature Ts detected by the separator temperature sensor Ts shown in FIG. 6 and considering each temperature detected by each temperature sensor Tcin, Tcout, Taout. Can do. In addition, since the cell temperature is higher in the second operation mode than in the first operation mode, the cell temperature satisfies q2> q1.

  In step S304, the control unit 31 calculates a temperature difference value Δq (= q2−q1) that is a difference between them based on the cell temperatures q1 and q2 acquired in the processes of steps S302 and S303.

  In step S305, the control unit 31 sets the cell state within the allowable range based on the operation state values acquired in the process of step S303 (for example, the temperature at the inlet / outlet of the cathode electrode 11a and the temperature of the inlet / outlet of the anode 11b). Determine if there is. Specifically, it is confirmed that the separator temperature Ts of the fuel cell 11 is equal to or lower than the allowable temperature and that the anode outlet temperature Taout is within a predetermined temperature range.

  If the operating state value of the cell is within the allowable range (YES in step S305), the process proceeds to step S306. If the operating state value of the cell is not within the allowable range (NO in step S305), the process proceeds to step S310. In other words, the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is intended to supply oxygen required for power generation. Therefore, it is necessary for the cathode electrode 11a by adjusting the amount of air for the purpose of promoting the temperature rise. Therefore, when the cell operating state value deviates from the allowable range after switching the operation mode, priority is given to the supply of air necessary for the cathode 11a. In the processing after step S310, the reduction in the amount of air to be supplied is stopped.

  In step S306, the control unit 31 compares the temperature difference value Δq obtained in the process of step S304 with a preset temperature threshold value qth, and determines whether or not the temperature difference value Δq is equal to or lower than the temperature threshold value qth. . If it is determined that Δq ≦ qth is not satisfied (NO in step S306), in step S307, the controller 31 reduces the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a, that is, the second air supply amount. The amount of air to be reduced (predetermined flow rate) is calculated. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3B, a predetermined flow rate a1 to be decreased with respect to the second air supply amount a2 is calculated. This calculation is performed based on the cell temperature, using a learning value during operation in the second operation mode and a model in the control system. As the model, the air supply to the cathode 11a is compensated for the response related to the cooling of the cell. Further, the smaller the difference between the temperature difference value Δq at the time of operation mode switching, that is, the difference between the cell temperature q1 in the first operation mode and the cell temperature q2 in the second operation mode, the smaller the predetermined flow rate a1 is set. By so doing, the cell temperature can be made to reach the temperature of the second operation mode more quickly.

  In step S308, the control unit 31 determines whether or not the reduced cathode air amount is equal to or larger than an air amount (cathode minimum flow rate) capable of supplying oxygen necessary for power generation. The process proceeds to step S309. If the minimum flow rate is not reached (NO in step S308), the process proceeds to step S310.

  In step S309, the control unit 31 controls the first air blower 12 (see FIG. 6) so that the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a is reduced by the reduced amount obtained in the process of step S308. Thereafter, the process returns to step S303.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in the process of step S306 that Δq ≦ qth (YES in step S306), the reduction of the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is stopped in step S310. That is, “Δq ≦ qth” means that the cell temperature rises and is close to the cell temperature in the second operation mode, and the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is the second operation mode. Since it is presumed that there is no problem even with the second air supply amount that is the rated flow rate, the air reduction is stopped. That is, the first air blower 12 is controlled so that the second air supply amount is obtained. Thereafter, in step S311, the switching of the operation mode is completed, and the process proceeds to the second operation mode.

  Thus, when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the air amount is controlled so as to reduce the decrease in cell temperature due to the air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a. It is possible to quickly switch to the cell temperature in the second operation mode.

  Thus, in the fuel cell power generation system 100a according to the second embodiment, when the operation mode is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the cell temperature q2 in the second operation mode is acquired, and further The current cell temperature q1 is acquired, and a predetermined flow rate a1 that is a reduction amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a of the fuel cell 11 is set based on the temperature difference value Δq that is the difference between them.

  That is, the cell temperature q1 is calculated based on the temperatures Ts, Tcin, Tcout, Taout obtained by each sensor, and based on the temperature difference value Δq between the cell temperature q1 and the cell temperature q2 in the second operation mode. A predetermined flow rate a1 that is a reduction amount of the air amount supplied to the cathode electrode 11a with respect to the second air supply amount a2 is calculated.

  Then, after the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is reduced by the time τ1 shown in FIG. 3, the air supply amount is switched to the second air supply amount that is the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a in the second operation mode. Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment described above, when switching from the first operation mode to the second operation mode, the cell temperature can be quickly raised and the operation can be shifted to the second operation mode at an early stage.

  Further, in the first embodiment described above, the cathode electrode 11a is calculated by calculating the heat dissipation amount Q1 of the fuel cell based on the amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a and comparing it with the heat dissipation amount Q2 in the second operation mode. The amount of decrease in the air supplied to was calculated. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the cell temperature q1 of the fuel cell 11 is obtained from the temperature detected by each temperature sensor provided around the fuel cell 11, and compared with the cell temperature q2 in the second operation mode. Thus, a predetermined flow rate a1 that is a reduction amount of air supplied to the cathode electrode 11a is calculated. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the predetermined flow rate a1, which is the amount of air decrease, with higher accuracy than in the first embodiment described above, and to shorten the operation mode switching time.

  Furthermore, since the predetermined flow rate a1 is set to be smaller as the temperature difference value Δq is smaller, the predetermined flow rate a1 is smaller when the difference between the cell temperature q1 in the first operation mode and the cell temperature q2 in the second operation mode is smaller. By reducing the flow rate a1, the time required to reach the cell temperature q2 in the second operation mode can be shortened, and the first operation mode can be quickly switched to the second operation mode.

  Further, when the temperature difference value Δq becomes equal to or lower than the temperature threshold value qth, the air amount reduction is stopped, so that it is possible to immediately switch to the second operation mode.

  Further, after the operation mode is switched, when the air amount is reduced by the predetermined flow rate a1 with respect to the second air supply amount, and the numerical value indicating the operation state of the system deviates from the predetermined range, Stop reducing the amount of air. Therefore, it is possible to reliably supply the amount of air required by the cathode 11a.

  In the second embodiment described above, the example in which the cell temperature is calculated using the temperatures Ts, Tcin, Tcout, Taout detected by each temperature sensor has been described. However, these temperatures Ts, Tcin, Tcout, Taout are calculated. It is also possible to employ a method of indirect estimation instead of direct measurement. Further, the current and voltage output from the fuel cell 11 can be measured, and the cell temperature can be obtained from the relationship between the measured current and voltage. In this case, an ammeter (not shown) that measures the output current of the fuel cell 11 and a voltmeter (not shown) that measures the output voltage function as a cell temperature acquisition unit. With such a configuration, the cell temperature can be obtained by a simpler method, and the device configuration can be simplified.

  Although the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention has been described based on the illustrated embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and the configuration of each part is replaced with an arbitrary configuration having the same function. be able to.

  For example, in each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the operation temperature of the fuel cell 11 is changed in the range of 650 ° C. to 750 ° C. has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other temperature ranges are possible. It can also be applied. The temperature range to be set can be appropriately changed according to the operating environment of the fuel cell 11.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which air is used as an example of the oxidant gas has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other gases including oxygen can also be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Fuel cell 11a Cathode electrode 11b Anode electrode 12 1st air blower 13 Air heating heat exchanger 14 1st fuel pump 15 Fuel reformer 16 Reformer heating heat exchanger 17 Fuel circulation blower 18 Fuel flow path pressure control valve 19 Exhaust flow path pressure regulating valve 21 Second air blower 22 Second fuel pump 23 Combustion burner 31 Control unit 100, 100a Fuel cell power generation system

Claims (10)

A fuel cell in which an oxidant gas is supplied to the cathode electrode and a reformed fuel is supplied to the anode electrode to generate electricity;
An oxidant gas supply unit for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode electrode;
The oxidant so as to switch the fuel cell to any one of a plurality of operation modes including a first operation mode and a second operation mode that operates at a higher output and a higher temperature than the first operation mode. A control unit for controlling the supply amount of gas,
The controller controls the amount of oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode when the operation is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode. The first oxidant gas is a rated flow rate in the first operation mode. A fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that a time zone is provided in which the supply amount is exceeded and the flow rate is reduced by a predetermined flow rate from the second oxidant gas supply amount that is the rated flow rate in the second operation mode. The predetermined flow rate is a difference between the amount of heat released by the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode at the time of operation switching and the amount of heat released by the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode in the second operation mode. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell power generation system is set based on a calorific value difference value. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined flow rate is decreased as the heat radiation amount difference value is smaller. The said control part stops the reduction | decrease of oxidizing agent gas with respect to the said 2nd oxidizing gas supply amount, when the said thermal radiation amount difference value becomes below the preset thermal radiation amount threshold value. 4. The fuel cell power generation system according to 3. The control unit sets the lower limit value of the supply amount of the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode electrode to be equal to or greater than the minimum supply amount set according to the fuel amount supplied to the anode electrode. The fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A cell temperature acquisition unit for acquiring a cell temperature of the fuel cell;
The predetermined flow rate is set based on a temperature difference value that is a difference between a cell temperature acquired by the cell temperature acquisition unit and a cell temperature in the second operation mode. The fuel cell power generation system described. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined flow rate is decreased as the temperature difference value is smaller. The said control part stops the reduction | decrease of the said oxidant gas with respect to the said 2nd oxidant gas supply amount, when the said temperature difference value becomes below the preset temperature threshold value. The fuel cell power generation system described in 1. The fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the cell temperature acquisition unit acquires a cell temperature from a relationship between a current and a voltage generated by the fuel cell. When the control unit decreases the oxidant gas by a predetermined flow rate with respect to the second oxidant gas supply amount after switching the operation mode, the numerical value indicating the operation state of the system deviates from the predetermined range. The fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the reduction of the oxidant gas is stopped.

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