JP2016008538A - Condition monitoring system and wind power generation system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a state monitoring system capable of promptly detecting abnormality in a wind generator.SOLUTION: A state monitoring system, with a period when a nacelle 90 of a wind generator 10 is not rotated as an effective period of a diagnostic parameter, generates a threshold on the basis of the diagnostic parameter in the effective period of a first time span before diagnosis is performed and diagnoses whether or not a device has abnormality on the basis of the diagnostic parameter in the effective period of a second time span following the first one and the threshold. Thus, the state monitoring system enables the threshold of the diagnostic parameter to be set smaller than a conventional system and can promptly detect the abnormality in the power generator 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a state monitoring system and a wind power generation system using the state monitoring system, and more particularly to a state monitoring system for monitoring the state of equipment constituting a wind power generation apparatus and a wind power generation system using the state monitoring system.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a condition monitoring system (CMS: Condition Monitoring System) that monitors the state of a mechanical element of a wind turbine generator. This state monitoring device takes in signals from vibration sensors provided on machine elements and records changes over time in state quantities (hereinafter referred to as diagnostic parameters) representing vibration states during rated operation over a long period of time. Whether or not the mechanical element is abnormal is determined based on the rate of increase of the diagnostic parameter and the characteristics of the change.

JP 2013-185507 A

  However, in the conventional state monitoring system, the diagnostic parameter greatly fluctuates with the rotation of the nacelle of the wind turbine generator, and it is necessary to set a threshold value for determining whether or not the mechanical element is abnormal to a relatively high value. As a result, there was a problem that anomaly detection was delayed. If the abnormality detection is delayed, other normal machine elements are damaged, the time for obtaining repair parts is delayed, and the wind turbine operation stop time is extended.

  Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a state monitoring system capable of quickly detecting an abnormality of a wind turbine generator and a wind turbine system using the same.

  The state monitoring system according to the present invention is a state monitoring system that monitors the state of the equipment that constitutes the wind turbine generator, and includes a first detector that detects the state of the equipment, and a detection result of the first detector. A monitoring device that generates a diagnostic parameter based on the monitoring parameter; a monitoring control device that diagnoses an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter; and a monitoring terminal device that monitors the state of the device. The wind turbine generator includes a blade that converts wind power into rotational torque of the main shaft, a nacelle that houses a generator that converts the rotational torque of the main shaft into electric power, a tower that rotatably supports the nacelle, and a blade that faces the wind. And a driving device for rotating the nacelle. The diagnostic parameter varies with the rotation of the nacelle, and the period during which the nacelle is not rotating is the effective period of the diagnostic parameter. The monitor device transmits the diagnosis parameter in the first period before diagnosis to the monitoring-side control device, and the monitoring-side control device diagnoses the abnormality of the device based on the diagnosis parameter of the effective period in the first period. Generate a threshold for The monitor device transmits the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring side control device in the second period after the first period has elapsed, and the monitoring side control device sets the diagnostic parameter and threshold value in the effective period of the second period. Based on this, it is diagnosed whether or not the device is abnormal, and the diagnosis result is transmitted to the monitoring terminal device.

  Further, another state monitoring system according to the present invention is a state monitoring system for monitoring the state of the equipment constituting the wind turbine generator, the first detector for detecting the state of the equipment, and the first detector A monitoring device that generates a diagnostic parameter based on the detection result, a monitoring-side control device that diagnoses an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter, and a monitoring terminal device that monitors the state of the device. is there. The wind turbine generator includes a blade that converts wind power into rotational torque of the main shaft, a nacelle that houses a generator that converts the rotational torque of the main shaft into electric power, a tower that rotatably supports the nacelle, and a blade that faces the wind. And a driving device for rotating the nacelle. The diagnostic parameter varies with the rotation of the nacelle, and a period in which the average value of the magnitude of the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle within a predetermined time is smaller than the predetermined value is set as the effective period of the diagnostic parameter. The monitor device transmits the diagnosis parameter in the first period before diagnosis to the monitoring-side control device, and the monitoring-side control device diagnoses the abnormality of the device based on the diagnosis parameter of the effective period in the first period. Generate a threshold for The monitor device transmits the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring side control device in the second period after the first period has elapsed, and the monitoring side control device sets the diagnostic parameter and threshold value in the effective period of the second period. Based on this, it is diagnosed whether or not the device is abnormal, and the diagnosis result is transmitted to the monitoring terminal device.

  Still another state monitoring system according to the present invention is a state monitoring system for monitoring the state of the equipment constituting the wind turbine generator, the first detector for detecting the state of the equipment, and the first detection Provided with a monitor device for generating diagnostic parameters based on the detection result of the device, a monitoring control device for diagnosing device abnormality based on the diagnostic parameters, and a monitoring terminal device for monitoring the state of the device It is. The wind turbine generator includes a blade that converts wind power into rotational torque of the main shaft, a nacelle that houses a generator that converts the rotational torque of the main shaft into electric power, a tower that rotatably supports the nacelle, and a blade that faces the wind. And a driving device for rotating the nacelle. The diagnostic parameter varies depending on the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle. The monitor device transmits the diagnosis parameter in the first period before diagnosis to the monitoring-side control device, and the monitoring-side control device performs the first period so that the fluctuation amount of the diagnosis parameter according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle becomes small. Are corrected according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle, and a threshold value for diagnosing an abnormality of the device is generated based on the corrected diagnostic parameter. The monitor device transmits the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring control device in the second period after the first period has elapsed, and the monitoring control device reduces the variation of the diagnostic parameter according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle. The diagnostic parameter of the second period is corrected according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle, whether the device is abnormal based on the corrected diagnostic parameter and threshold value, and the result of the diagnosis is transmitted to the monitoring terminal device To do.

  A wind power generation system according to the present invention includes the state monitoring system and the wind power generation apparatus.

  In the state monitoring system according to the present invention, the period during which the nacelle of the wind turbine generator is stopped is set as the effective period of the diagnostic parameter, and the threshold value is set based on the diagnostic parameter of the effective period in the first period before the diagnosis. , And whether or not the device is abnormal is diagnosed based on the diagnostic parameter and threshold value in the effective period of the second period thereafter. Therefore, the threshold value of the diagnostic parameter can be set lower than before, and the abnormality of the wind turbine generator can be detected quickly.

  Further, in another state monitoring system according to the present invention, the period during which the average value of the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle of the wind turbine generator is smaller than the predetermined value is the effective period of the diagnostic parameter. The threshold value is generated based on the diagnostic parameter of the effective period in the first period before diagnosis, and the device is based on the diagnostic parameter and threshold value of the effective period in the second period thereafter. Diagnose whether or not is abnormal. Therefore, the threshold value of the diagnostic parameter can be set lower than before, and the abnormality of the wind turbine generator can be detected quickly.

  In yet another state monitoring system according to the present invention, the diagnostic parameter of the first period is corrected according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle, a threshold is generated based on the corrected diagnostic parameter, and the subsequent first The diagnostic parameter of period 2 is corrected according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle, and whether or not the device is abnormal is diagnosed based on the corrected diagnostic parameter and threshold value. Therefore, the threshold value of the diagnostic parameter can be set lower than before, and the abnormality of the wind turbine generator can be detected quickly.

It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the state monitoring system by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the principal part of the wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between the sensor shown in FIG. 2, and a diagnostic parameter. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement of the basic data collection period of the state monitoring system shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the learning period of the state monitoring system shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the operation period of the state monitoring system shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of the value of the diagnostic parameter displayed on the monitor of the monitoring terminal shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the frequency spectrum on a certain driving | running condition displayed on the monitor of the monitoring terminal shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the vibration envelope spectrum of the measurement data displayed on the monitor of the monitoring terminal shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an effect of the first embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement of the basic data collection period of the state monitoring system by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the learning period of the state monitoring system demonstrated in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the operation period of the state monitoring system demonstrated in FIG.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or an equivalent part in a figure, and the description is not repeated.

[Embodiment 1]
<Overall configuration of status monitoring system>
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of the state monitoring system according to the first embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, the state monitoring system includes a monitor device 80, a data server (monitoring side control device) 330, and a monitoring terminal 340.

  The monitor device 80 includes sensors 70A to 70I (FIG. 2), which will be described later, and calculates an effective value, a peak value, a crest factor, an effective value after envelope processing, a peak value after envelope processing, and the like from the detected values of the sensor. The data is transmitted to the data server 330 via 320.

  Here, the communication between the monitor device 80 and the data server 330 has been described as being performed by wire, but the present invention is not limited to this, and communication may be performed wirelessly.

  The data server 330 and the monitoring terminal 340 are connected by, for example, an in-house LAN (Local Area Network). The monitoring terminal 340 browses the measurement data received by the data server 330, performs a detailed analysis of the measurement data, changes the setting of the monitor device, and displays the status of each device of the wind turbine generator Is provided.

<Configuration of wind power generator>
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of the wind turbine generator 10. With reference to FIG. 2, the wind turbine generator 10 includes a main shaft 20, a blade 30, a speed increaser 40, a generator 50, a main bearing 60, a nacelle 90, and a tower 100. Further, the wind power generator 10 includes sensors 70A to 70H and a monitor device 80. The speed increaser 40, the generator 50, the main bearing 60, the sensors 70 </ b> A to 70 </ b> I, and the monitor device 80 are stored in the nacelle 90, and the nacelle 90 is supported by the tower 100.

  The main shaft 20 is inserted into the nacelle 90 and connected to the input shaft of the speed increaser 40, and is rotatably supported by the main bearing 60. The main shaft 20 transmits the rotational torque generated by the blade 30 receiving the wind force to the input shaft of the speed increaser 40. The blade 30 is provided at the tip of the main shaft 20 and converts wind force into rotational torque and transmits it to the main shaft 20.

  The main bearing 60 is fixed in the nacelle 90 and rotatably supports the main shaft 20. The main bearing 60 is composed of a rolling bearing, and is composed of, for example, a self-aligning roller bearing, a tapered roller bearing, a cylindrical roller bearing, or a ball bearing. These bearings may be single row or double row.

  The sensors 70 </ b> A to 70 </ b> I are fixed to each device inside the nacelle 90. Specifically, the sensor 70 </ b> A is fixed on the upper surface of the main bearing 60 and monitors the state of the main bearing 60. The sensors 70 </ b> B to 70 </ b> D are fixed on the upper surface of the speed increaser 40 and monitor the state of the speed increaser 40. The sensors 70E and 70F are fixed on the upper surface of the generator 50, and monitor the state of the generator 50. The sensor 70G is fixed to the main bearing 60 and monitors misalignment and abnormal vibration of the nacelle 90. The sensor 70H is fixed to the main bearing 60 and monitors unbalance and abnormal vibration of the nacelle. The sensor 70I is fixed to the floor surface of the nacelle 90 and detects the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle 90. The sensor 70I includes, for example, a gyro sensor that detects an angular velocity from a Coriolis force applied to the element by vibrating the element.

  The speed increaser 40 is provided between the main shaft 20 and the generator 50, and increases the rotational speed of the main shaft 20 to output to the generator 50. As an example, the speed increaser 40 is configured by a gear speed increasing mechanism including a planetary gear, an intermediate shaft, a high speed shaft, and the like. Although not specifically illustrated, a plurality of bearings that rotatably support a plurality of shafts are also provided in the speed increaser 40. The generator 50 is connected to the output shaft of the speed increaser 40, and generates power by the rotational torque received from the speed increaser 40. The generator 50 is constituted by, for example, an induction generator. A bearing that rotatably supports the rotor is also provided in the generator 50.

  The nacelle rotation mechanism includes a nacelle direction changing drive device 124 attached to the nacelle 90 side, and a ring gear 126 rotated by a pinion gear fitted to the rotation shaft of the drive device 124. The ring gear 126 is attached to the tower 100 in a fixed state.

  The nacelle rotation mechanism changes (adjusts) the direction of the nacelle 90 by rotating the nacelle 90. Here, a bearing 122 for supporting the nacelle is provided at the boundary between the nacelle 90 and the tower 100. The nacelle 90 is supported by the bearing 122 and rotates about the rotation axis of the bearing 122. Such rotation of the nacelle 90 around the central axis of the tower 100 is referred to as yaw movement or yawing.

  The monitor device 80 is provided inside the nacelle 90, and receives data such as vibration, sound, AE (Acoustic emission) of each device detected by the sensors 70A to 70I, and the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle 90. Although not shown, the sensors 70A to 70I and the monitor device 80 are connected by a wired cable.

  The monitoring terminal 340 executes at least browsing of the measurement data stored in the data server 330, detailed analysis of the measurement data, setting change of the monitor device 80, and display of the status of each device of the wind power generator 10. A program is stored in advance. On the screen of the monitoring terminal 340, data about each device of the wind turbine generator 10 that is useful for the expert of the wind turbine generator 10 to display is displayed.

  In addition, each component which comprises the monitoring terminal 340 is a general thing. Therefore, it can be said that the essential part of the present invention is the above-described software (program) stored in a storage medium.

<Relationship between diagnostic parameters and failure mode>
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between various data used in the first embodiment. In FIG. 3, the relationship between the site | part (component) of the wind power generator 10, a failure mode, a sensor, and the diagnostic parameter calculated from the measurement data of a sensor is shown.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, for the main bearing 60, an effective value as a diagnostic parameter is obtained from the data measured by the high-frequency vibration sensor 70 </ b> A fixed to the main bearing 60 by the monitor device 80. When the calculated effective value exceeds the corresponding threshold value, the monitoring terminal 340 displays that the main bearing 60 is damaged.

  Further, for the main bearing 60, the primary rotational frequency component and the secondary as a diagnostic parameter from the measured data by the monitor device 80 by the low frequency vibration sensor 70 H attached so as to measure the radial vibration of the main bearing 60. When the rotation frequency component and the tertiary rotation frequency component are calculated and each calculated value exceeds the corresponding threshold value, the monitoring terminal 340 displays that the main bearing 60 is unbalanced.

  Further, for the main bearing 60, the primary rotational frequency component and the secondary rotational frequency are used as diagnostic parameters by the monitor device 80 from the measured data by the low-frequency vibration sensor 70G attached so as to measure the axial vibration of the main shaft. When the component and tertiary frequency component are calculated and each calculated value exceeds the corresponding threshold value, the monitoring terminal 340 displays that the main bearing 60 is misaligned.

  Further, for the speed increaser 40, the effective value is calculated as a diagnostic parameter by the monitor device 80 from the measured data by the high frequency vibration sensors 70B to 70D, and the calculated effective value exceeds the corresponding threshold value. In this case, it is displayed on the monitoring terminal 340 that the gearbox 40 is damaged.

  Further, for the speed increaser 40, the primary meshing frequency component, the secondary meshing frequency component, the tertiary meshing frequency component of the gear are used as diagnostic parameters by the monitor device 80 from the measured data by the high frequency vibration sensors 70B to 70D. When the calculated values exceed the corresponding threshold values, the monitoring terminal 340 displays that the gearbox 40 is damaged.

  Furthermore, for the generator 50, when the effective value is calculated as a diagnostic parameter by the monitor device 80 from the measured data by the high frequency vibration sensors 70E and 70F, and the calculated effective value exceeds the corresponding threshold value. Is displayed on the monitoring terminal 340 that the generator 50 is damaged in the bearing.

  Further, for the nacelle 90, the low frequency vibration sensor 70H attached so as to measure the radial vibration of the main shaft is used to calculate a low frequency vibration component as a diagnostic parameter from the measured data by the monitor device 80, and the calculated value Exceeds the corresponding threshold value, it is displayed on the monitoring terminal 340 that the nacelle 90 vibrates abnormally.

  Further, for the nacelle 90, the low frequency vibration sensor 70G attached so as to measure the axial vibration of the main shaft is used to calculate a low frequency vibration component as a diagnostic parameter from the measured data by the monitor device 80, and the calculated value Exceeds the corresponding threshold value, it is displayed on the monitoring terminal 340 that the nacelle 90 vibrates abnormally.

  Further, the rotational angular velocity ω (rad / s) of the nacelle 90 is detected by the rotational angle sensor 70I. Since the measurement data of the sensors 70A to 70H fluctuate with the rotation of the nacelle 90, the period during which the rotational angular velocity ω of the nacelle 90 is 0 (that is, the period during which the nacelle 90 is not rotating) is the effective period of the diagnostic parameter. The

  The above measurement items are partly taken out for easy understanding, and are not limited thereto. Calculates effective value, peak value, average value, crest factor, effective value after envelope processing, and peak value after envelope processing from measurement data of vibration sensor, AE sensor, temperature sensor, and sound sensor using statistical methods Then, the state of the device of the wind power generation apparatus 10 may be grasped as compared with the corresponding threshold value, and the state of the device may be displayed on the monitoring terminal 340.

<Operation of the status monitoring system>
The operation of the state monitoring system according to the first embodiment will be described below. The state monitoring system performs processing during the basic data collection period for setting the diagnostic operation conditions of the wind turbine generator 10 (see FIG. 4), and whether the operation measurement data satisfying the diagnostic operation conditions is abnormal after the basic data collection period has elapsed. Processing in the learning period for generating a threshold value for determining whether or not (see FIG. 5), and after the learning period has elapsed, the wind turbine generator 10 is actually operated, and the threshold value generated in the learning period is It is comprised from the process (refer FIG. 6) in the operation period which monitors the state of the wind power generator 10 using.

(Processing during the basic data collection period)
The basic data collection period is a period in which basic data necessary for determining the diagnostic operation conditions of the wind turbine generator 10 is collected. Processing in this basic data collection period will be described.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining processing in the basic data collection period. Referring to FIG. 4, when the operation of wind turbine generator 10 is started, in step S <b> 1, when a basic data collection command is transmitted from monitoring terminal 340 to data server 330 by the person in charge, through data server 330, A basic data collection command is transmitted to the monitor device 80 (step S2). When receiving the basic data collection command, the monitor device 80 receives various data (hereinafter referred to as measurement data) such as vibration of each device of the wind power generator 10, the rotational speed of the blade 30, the rotational angular speed ω of the nacelle 90, and power generation. Various current data (hereinafter referred to as operation condition data) are collected at the same time (step S3), and diagnostic parameters are calculated from measurement data that is various data such as vibrations (step S4). The operating condition data is transmitted to the data server 330 (step S5).

  The data server 330 receives the diagnostic parameter, the measurement data, and the operating condition data, and stores the effective period of them in the storage unit (step S6). Here, the effective period is a period during which the nacelle 90 is not rotating. The measurement data and operation condition data measurement (step S3), diagnostic parameter calculation (step S4), transmission to the data server 330 (step S5) and storage in the storage unit in the data server 330 (step S6) are as follows. The monitoring device 80 is continued until step S7 when the monitoring data terminal 340 receives a basic data collection end command (step S7; NO).

  The operating condition data is not limited to the rotational speed and the generated current, but also includes physical quantities that characterize the operating state of the wind power generator 10 such as wind speed and generator shaft torque.

  The measurement data is not limited to vibration, and includes physical quantities indicating the state of the device such as AE, temperature, and sound.

  When the person in charge instructs the end of basic data collection from the monitoring terminal 340 (step S91; YES), a basic data collection end command is transmitted from the monitoring terminal 340 to the data server 330 (step S9). Then, as described above, the monitor device 80 finishes collecting the basic data, and the process ends (step S7; YES). At the same time, the data server 330 transmits all the diagnostic parameters, measurement data, and operating condition data collected during the basic data collection period to the monitoring terminal 340 (step S10). If the person in charge does not instruct the end of basic data collection from the monitoring terminal 340 (step S91; NO), the process ends as it is.

  The monitoring terminal 340 displays the diagnostic parameters, measurement data, and operating condition data (step S11), and the person in charge looks at the diagnostic parameters and the operating condition data to specify the diagnostic operating conditions (step S12). Here, the diagnostic operation condition is an operation condition diagnosed by the state monitoring system. For example, when the rotational speed of the main shaft is 12 rpm to 17 rpm and the generated current is specified as 300 A to 1000 A, various data (operating condition data) of the rotational speed and generated current are measured, If the rotational speed of the main shaft of the power generator 10 is in the range of 12 rpm to 17 rpm and the generated current is in the range of 300 A to 1000 A, in order to satisfy the operating conditions and the diagnostic operating conditions, the diagnostic parameters are obtained from the measured data measured simultaneously. Is calculated and compared with a threshold value corresponding to the diagnosis parameter to make a diagnosis. If the operating conditions do not satisfy the diagnostic operating conditions, the state of each device of the wind turbine generator 10 is not diagnosed. A plurality of diagnostic operation conditions can be specified.

  In the monitoring terminal 340, the designated diagnostic operation condition is transmitted to the data server 330 (step S13), and the data server 330 stores the diagnostic operation condition in the storage unit (step S14). This completes the processing of the monitoring terminal 340 and the data server 330 during the basic data collection period.

(Processing during the learning period)
The learning period is a period for generating a threshold value for determining the state of each device of the wind power generator 10 after the basic data collection period necessary for determining the diagnostic operation condition of the wind power generator 10 described above has elapsed. It is. Processing in this learning period will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining processing in the learning period of the wind turbine generator 10. Referring to FIG. 5, when the person in charge instructs learning start at monitoring terminal 340, a learning start command is transmitted from monitoring terminal 340 to data server 330 (step S15), and data server 330 issues a learning start command. In response, the diagnostic operation conditions stored in the storage unit are read out and transmitted to the monitor device 80 (step S16). The monitor device 80 receives the diagnostic operation conditions (step S17), and receives the measurement data and the operation condition data. At the same time (step S18), the monitor device 80 calculates a diagnostic parameter from measurement data that is various data such as vibration (step S19).

  If the current operating condition satisfies the diagnostic operating condition, the diagnostic parameter, measurement data, and operating condition data are transmitted to the data server 330 (step S20). The data server 330 receives the diagnostic parameter, the measurement data, and the operating condition data, and stores the effective period of them in the storage unit. Here, the effective period is a period during which the nacelle 90 is not rotating. Processing of measurement data and operation condition data (step S18), calculation of diagnostic parameters (step S19), transmission to the data server 330 (step S20) and storage in the storage unit in the data server 330 (step S22) are as follows: The monitoring device 80 is continued until step S21 in which the learning end command is received from the monitoring terminal 340 (step S21; NO).

  When the person in charge instructs the end of learning from the monitoring terminal 340 (step S241; YES), a learning end instruction is transmitted from the monitoring terminal 340 to the data server 330 (step S24). The data server 330 transmits a learning end command to the monitor device 80 (step S23), and the monitor device 80 ends the collection of measurement data and operating condition data, and the process ends (step S21; YES). At the same time, the data server 330 automatically generates a threshold value of the diagnostic parameter for each diagnostic operation condition by statistical calculation of the diagnostic parameter stored in the storage unit (step S25). The threshold value is stored in the storage unit of the data server 330 and transmitted to the monitoring terminal 340 (step S26). The monitoring terminal 340 receives the threshold value and displays it on a display unit such as a monitor (step S27), and the person in charge can confirm the threshold value. This completes the processing of the data server 330 and the monitor device 80 during the learning period. Note that if the person in charge does not instruct the end of learning from the monitoring terminal 340 (step S241; NO), the process ends as it is.

  Note that the basic data collection period and the learning period for generating the threshold value can be arbitrarily changed.

  The threshold value is generated for each device of each wind power generator 10 and for each diagnostic operation condition using measurement data when each device of the wind power generator 10 is in a normal state.

  Here, in order to facilitate understanding, as a specific example, a case where a two-stage threshold value is generated for one device of one wind power generator 10 under a certain diagnostic operation condition will be specifically described below. explain.

There are a plurality of diagnostic parameter values stored in the storage unit in step S22, and the average value of the plurality of diagnostic parameters is μ ₀ and the standard deviation is σ ₀ . For example, it is assumed that the first threshold value CT is μ ₀ + 3σ ₀ and the second threshold value WN is three times the first threshold value. The first threshold value CT and the second threshold value WN are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2), respectively.
CT = μ ₀ + 3σ ₀ (1)
WN = 3 (μ ₀ + 3σ ₀ ) (2)
Using the threshold values CT and WN, the data server 330 determines whether or not the state of each device of the wind turbine generator 10 is abnormal using a diagnosis parameter for an operation period described later, and the result is the monitoring terminal 340. Is displayed. For example, when the threshold value CT is exceeded, the monitor terminal 340 displays, for example, “CAUTION” indicating that the corresponding device is in an abnormal state. When the threshold value WN is exceeded, a display such as “warning” is displayed on the monitoring terminal 340 indicating that the state of the corresponding device is more abnormal.

  In this way, by dividing the threshold value into two stages, an expert's judgment is not required for measurement data smaller than the threshold CT, while an expert requires measurement data larger than the threshold WN. When it is easy to classify that it is necessary to carefully judge the state of each device of the wind turbine generator 10 and the measurement data is applied between the threshold value CT and the threshold value WN, for example, wind power generation It is possible to determine whether or not to make an expert diagnose while observing the state of each device of the device 10.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to reduce costs without having a specialist stationed at all times.

  Although the threshold level has been described in two steps, the threshold level is not limited to this, and a plurality of levels may be set.

(Processing during the operation period)
The operation period is a period during which actual operation of the wind turbine generator 10 is performed after the learning period has elapsed, and the state of the wind turbine generator 10 is monitored using a threshold value generated during the learning period. Processing during this operation period will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the processing in the operation period. Referring to FIG. 6, when a command (diagnosis start command) for starting diagnosis of the state of each device of wind turbine generator 10 is transmitted from monitoring terminal 340 by the person in charge to data server 330 (step S30). ), The data server 330 receives this diagnosis start command, and transmits the diagnostic operation condition to the monitor device 80 (step S31).

  The monitor device 80 receives the diagnostic operation conditions (step S32), and measures data such as vibration data of each device of the wind power generator 10, the rotational speed of the main shaft 20, the rotational angular speed ω of the nacelle 90, the generator current, and the like. Operating condition data is measured simultaneously (step S33).

  The monitor device 80 determines whether or not the current operating condition satisfies the diagnostic operating condition (step S34), and if satisfied (step S34; YES), calculates a diagnostic parameter from the measurement data. (Step S35), diagnostic parameters, measurement data, and operating condition data are transmitted to the data server 330 (Step S36). On the other hand, if not satisfied (step S34; NO), the process returns to step S33 in which the measurement data and the operating condition data are measured again.

  Therefore, the monitor device transmits diagnostic parameters, measurement data, and operating condition data to the data server 330 only when the current operating conditions satisfy the diagnostic operating conditions.

  The data server 330 receives these data (step S37). The data server 330 determines the state of each device of the wind turbine generator 10 based on the diagnostic parameters in the effective period among the received diagnostic parameters and the threshold value generated in the learning period. For example, if the diagnostic parameter value for the valid period exceeds the second threshold value WN, the data server 330 sets the diagnostic result to WN, and if the diagnostic parameter value for the valid period exceeds the first threshold value CT. The diagnosis result is CT (step S38). The diagnosis result, the diagnostic parameter value of the effective period, the measurement data, and the operating condition data are stored in the storage unit of the data server 330, and these data are transmitted to the monitoring terminal 340 (step S39).

  The monitoring terminal 340 receives the diagnosis result, the diagnosis parameter value, the measurement data, and the operating condition data (Step S40), and displays the diagnosis result. If the diagnosis result is WN, “warning” is displayed, if it is CT, “caution” is displayed, otherwise “good” is displayed (step S41).

  In addition, when the diagnosis result is WN or CT, it is possible to reliably notify the person in charge of an abnormal state by transmitting an E-mail.

  When the operation method of the wind power generator 10 is changed, it is necessary to change the diagnostic operation condition and the threshold value. Even in such a case, if the procedure from step S1 in FIG. 4 is taken, the diagnostic operation condition can be changed and a threshold value can be newly set. Note that the threshold can be changed by the person in charge from the monitoring terminal 340.

  In step S40 of FIG. 6, since the monitoring terminal 340 receives the diagnostic parameter value and the measurement data together with the diagnosis result, the monitoring terminal 340 can perform the latest and optimal measurement that can be evaluated and analyzed by an expert. Data and the like can be easily provided, and an environment in which the measurement data and related data can be simultaneously displayed on a monitor (not shown) can be provided.

  Therefore, the expert can easily determine whether or not a detailed diagnosis is necessary based on the image from the monitor.

(Measurement results displayed on the monitor of the monitoring terminal)
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the change over time in the value of the diagnostic parameter displayed on the monitor of the monitoring terminal 340. Referring to FIG. 7, the vertical axis indicates the effective value, and the horizontal axis indicates the date of the past 60 days. A waveform W1 shows a change over time of an example of a diagnostic parameter, and solid lines L1 and L2 indicate that the state of the device is the first state (the above-described “caution” state) and the second state (the above-described “ The threshold value is “warning” state) and is displayed together with the waveform W1.

  For example, by displaying the value of the diagnostic parameter over time on the display unit (not shown) of the monitoring terminal 340, the expert increases the effective value from around September 20th. 30 days ago, it can be understood that the effective value of the corresponding device exceeds the “caution” state, and it can be determined that further detailed diagnosis is required for this device.

  Even if these thresholds are not exceeded, the forecasts are foreseeing that the value of the latest diagnostic parameter is on the rise, or is on the rise, but there is room for the threshold. Is possible.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a frequency spectrum under certain operating conditions displayed on the monitor of the monitoring terminal 340.

  A waveform W2 in FIG. 8 shows the latest measurement data, while a waveform W3 shows a normal data frequency spectrum at an arbitrary date and time (past). The operating conditions when the waveforms W2, W3 are measured are the same. In order to accurately grasp the status of the device indicated by the waveform W2, the monitoring terminal 340 displays the waveform W3 simultaneously as a comparison together with the waveform W2. By comparing the waveform W2 and the waveform W3, an expert can easily grasp whether the monitored device is close to a normal state or an abnormal state, and evaluate the measurement data in a short time. Is possible.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the vibration envelope spectrum of the measurement data displayed on the monitor of the monitoring terminal 340. Referring to FIG. 9, frequency regions A1 to A5 (shaded portions) indicate regions in which a defect frequency from 1st to 5th (outer ring defect frequency) includes an allowable range of 5%, and simultaneously with waveform W4. It is displayed.

  The reason for providing such an allowable range is that the measured frequency spectrum and the measured frequency spectrum are calculated in advance when the rotational speed is different from the measurement time or when the rotational speed changes at the beginning and end of the vibration measurement. This is because it is possible to detect abnormality of the state of each device of the wind turbine generator 10 even when the defect frequencies are different.

  Thus, by including an allowable range in the defect frequency calculated in advance, abnormality detection (defect detection) of each device of the wind turbine generator 10 is facilitated. In particular, since the rotational speed changes in the case of a windmill, it is preferable to set the allowable range according to the change in the rotational speed.

The above-described defect frequencies include, for example, a frequency generated when the outer ring is defective (outer ring defect frequency Fo), a frequency generated when the inner ring is defective (inner ring defect frequency Fi), and a rolling element is defective. There is a frequency (rolling element defect frequency Fb) that occurs when the rolling is performed, and these can be calculated in advance by the following equations (3) to (5).
Fo = (Fr / 2) × (1− (d / D) × cos α) × z (3)
Fi = (Fr / 2) × (1+ (d / D) × cos α) × z (4)
Fb = (Fr / 2) × (D / d) (1− (d / D) ² × cos ² α) (5)
Here, “Fr” is the rotation frequency (Hz), “d” is the diameter (mm) of the rolling element, “D” is the pitch circle diameter (mm), “α” is the contact angle, and “z” is the number of rolling elements. Indicates. The n-th order (n is a natural number) defect frequency can be obtained by calculating n × Fo, n × Fi, and n × Fb, respectively.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the first embodiment. FIG. 10 shows the time-dependent change of the diagnostic parameter and the threshold value VTHA, and the time-dependent change of the diagnostic parameter and the threshold value VTH of the first embodiment. As the diagnostic parameter, the effective value (m / s ² ) of the vibration acceleration of the main bearing 60 calculated from the measurement data of the sensor 70A is exemplified.

  Conventionally, since diagnostic parameters are recorded regardless of whether or not the nacelle 90 is rotated, fluctuations in diagnostic parameters during normal operation are large. Since the threshold value VTHA for determining whether or not the diagnostic parameter is abnormal needs to be set to a value higher than the peak value of the diagnostic parameter at the normal time, it is conventionally set to a relatively high value. It was. For this reason, the timing of the abnormality detection of the machine element tends to be delayed, and other machine elements that were normal while the abnormality detection was delayed may be damaged, or the wind turbine may be delayed due to the delay in obtaining the repair parts. The time when I could not drive was extended.

  On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the period during which the nacelle 90 is not rotating is set as the effective period of the diagnostic parameter, and only the diagnostic parameter in the effective period is recorded. Therefore, the threshold value VTH can be set to a relatively low value, and an abnormality of the machine element can be detected at an early stage.

  In the first embodiment, the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle 90 is detected by the sensor 70I including the gyro sensor, and it is determined whether or not the nacelle 90 is rotating based on the detection result. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The rotation angular velocity of the nacelle 90 may be detected by any means, and the presence or absence of the rotation of the nacelle 90 may be determined by any means.

  For example, an azimuth sensor that measures geomagnetism may be used to measure the time variation of the azimuth, and the azimuth angle may be differentiated with time to determine the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle 90.

  Also, a GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor that measures the position using an artificial satellite may be used. Even if two GPS sensors are separated from each other by a predetermined distance and provided in the nacelle 90, the azimuth of the nacelle 90 is obtained from the relative positions of the two GPS sensors, and the azimuth of the nacelle 90 is obtained by differentiating the azimuth with time. Good.

  In addition, the locus when the nacelle 90 makes one rotation is recorded using one GPS sensor, the azimuth angle of the nacelle 90 is calculated from the recorded locus and the current position information, and the rotational angular velocity is calculated from the time derivative thereof. You may ask for.

  Alternatively, the scenery around the nacelle 90 may be recorded by a video recording device, and the rotational angular velocity may be obtained from the change.

  Alternatively, at least one of the drive current and the drive voltage of the drive device 124 for rotating the nacelle 90 may be measured, and the rotation speed of the nacelle 90 may be calculated from the measured value.

  Alternatively, the rotation of the gear for rotating the nacelle 90 may be measured with a non-contact displacement meter, and the rotational speed of the nacelle 90 may be calculated from the measured value.

  Moreover, you may obtain | require the rotation angular velocity of the nacelle 90 from the information from SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) which monitors a wind power generator separately.

In the first embodiment, the period during which the nacelle 90 is not rotating is defined as the effective period of the diagnostic parameter, but the average value of the absolute value (magnitude) of the rotational angular velocity ω of the nacelle 90 within a predetermined time period. A period in which _ωa is smaller than _a predetermined value _ωa0 may be set as the effective period of the diagnostic parameter. omega _a is expressed by the following equation (6).

However, t is time, T1 and T2 are measurement start time and end time, respectively, and T2-T1 is set to a predetermined time. ω _a0 may be obtained by experiments in advance, or in a state where the wind power generator is operated and the rotational angular velocity ω of the nacelle 90 can be grasped, so that the increase in vibration due to the rotation of the nacelle 90 is not in a significant range. Alternatively, it may be obtained for each wind power generator in the basic data collection period, the learning period, and the like.

[Embodiment 2]
In the first embodiment, whether or not the nacelle 90 is not rotating, or the average value ω _a within a predetermined time of the absolute value (magnitude) of the rotational angular velocity ω of the nacelle 90 is larger than a predetermined value ω _a0. Diagnostic parameters were enabled or disabled depending on whether they were small. However, depending on the installation location of the wind power generator, the wind direction is likely to change, and the nacelle 90 may rotate continuously. Therefore, in the state monitoring system according to the second embodiment, the diagnostic parameter is corrected so that the fluctuation amount of the diagnostic parameter corresponding to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle 90 becomes small according to the following equation (7).
V _rec = V _mes min [1, (ω _a −ω _a0 ) ^−B ] (7)
Here, V _rec is a diagnostic parameter after correction to be recorded, V _mes is an actually measured diagnostic parameter before correction, and min [1, (ω _a −ω _a0 ) ^−B ] is 1 and (ω _a − ω _a0 ) ^−B is a function that returns the smaller one, and A and B are constants. A and B, it is necessary to set the value of V _rec to changes in omega _a does not change as much as possible.

ω _a is _a value obtained by the above equation (6), and ω _a0 is a predetermined value. The value of ω _a0 may be obtained by experiment as in the first embodiment, or may be determined from the actual windmill state.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the processing in the basic data collection period of the state monitoring system, and is a diagram to be compared with FIG. FIG. 11 differs from FIG. 4 in that step S6 is replaced with step S6A. In step S6A, the data server 330 receives the diagnostic parameters, measurement data, and operating condition data, performs correction processing on the diagnostic parameters according to the above equation (7), and performs diagnostic processing, measurement data, and operating condition data after the correction processing. Are stored in the storage unit.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the processing in the learning period of the state monitoring system, and is a diagram contrasted with FIG. FIG. 12 differs from FIG. 5 in that step S22 is replaced with step S22A. In step S22A, the data server 330 receives the diagnostic parameter, the measurement data, and the operating condition data, performs a correction process on the diagnostic parameter according to the above equation (7), and performs the corrected diagnostic parameter, measurement data, and operating condition data. Are stored in the storage unit.

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining the processing during the operation period of the state monitoring system, and is a diagram to be compared with FIG. FIG. 13 differs from FIG. 6 in that steps S37 to S39 are replaced with steps S37A to S39A, respectively. In step S37A, the data server 330 receives the diagnostic parameter, the measurement data, and the operating condition data, and corrects the diagnostic parameter according to the above equation (7).

  In step S38A, the data server 330 determines the state of each device of the wind turbine generator 10 based on the diagnostic parameter after the correction process and the threshold value generated during the learning period. For example, if the corrected diagnostic parameter value exceeds the second threshold value WN, the data server 330 sets the diagnostic result to WN, and the corrected diagnostic parameter value exceeds the first threshold value CT. If so, the diagnosis result is CT. The diagnostic result, the diagnostic parameter value after the correction process, the measurement data, and the operating condition data are stored in the storage unit of the data server 330, and these data are transmitted to the monitoring terminal 340. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof will not be repeated.

  In the second embodiment, it is possible to reduce the variation of the diagnostic parameter accompanying the rotation of the nacelle 90, and it is possible to set a strict threshold that is advantageous for early detection of an abnormality. For this reason, similarly to Embodiment 1, the abnormality of the wind power generator 10 can be detected quickly.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Wind power generator, 20 Main axis | shaft, 30 Blade, 40 Booster, 50 Generator, 60 Main bearing, 70A-70I Sensor, 80 Monitor apparatus, 90 Nacelle, 100 Tower, 122 Bearing, 124 Drive apparatus, 126 Ring gear, 320 Internet, 330 data server, 340 monitoring terminal.

Claims (12)

A state monitoring system for monitoring the state of equipment constituting a wind turbine generator,
A first detector for detecting a state of the device;
A monitoring device for generating a diagnostic parameter based on a detection result of the first detector;
A monitoring-side control device for diagnosing an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter;
A monitoring terminal device for monitoring the state of the device,
The wind power generator includes a blade that converts wind power into rotational torque of a main shaft, a nacelle that houses a generator that converts rotational torque of the main shaft into electric power, a tower that rotatably supports the nacelle, and the blade A driving device that rotates the nacelle to face the windward,
The diagnostic parameter varies with the rotation of the nacelle, and the period during which the nacelle does not rotate is the effective period of the diagnostic parameter,
The monitor device transmits the diagnosis parameter in the first period before the diagnosis to the monitoring side control device,
The monitoring-side control device generates a threshold value for diagnosing an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter of the effective period of the first period;
The monitor device transmits the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring-side control device in a second period after the first period has elapsed,
The monitoring-side control device diagnoses whether or not the device is abnormal based on the diagnostic parameter and the threshold value in the effective period of the second period, and diagnoses the monitoring terminal device. A condition monitoring system that sends results. A state monitoring system for monitoring the state of equipment constituting a wind turbine generator,
A first detector for detecting a state of the device;
A monitoring device for generating a diagnostic parameter based on a detection result of the first detector;
A monitoring-side control device for diagnosing an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter;
A monitoring terminal device for monitoring the state of the device,
The wind power generator includes a blade that converts wind power into rotational torque of a main shaft, a nacelle that houses a generator that converts rotational torque of the main shaft into electric power, a tower that rotatably supports the nacelle, and the blade A driving device that rotates the nacelle to face the windward,
The diagnostic parameter fluctuates with the rotation of the nacelle, and a period in which a predetermined average value per hour of the magnitude of the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle is smaller than a predetermined value is an effective period of the diagnostic parameter And
The monitor device transmits the diagnosis parameter in the first period before the diagnosis to the monitoring side control device,
The monitoring-side control device generates a threshold value for diagnosing an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter of the effective period of the first period;
The monitor device transmits the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring-side control device in a second period after the first period has elapsed,
The monitoring-side control device diagnoses whether or not the device is abnormal based on the diagnostic parameter and the threshold value in the effective period of the second period, and diagnoses the monitoring terminal device. A condition monitoring system that sends results. And a second detector for detecting the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle,
The monitor device transmits the detection value of the second detector together with the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring control device,
The state monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the monitoring-side control device determines whether or not the effective period is based on a detection value of the second detector.   The said monitoring side control apparatus discriminate | determines whether it is the said effective period based on the rotation angular velocity of the said nacelle contained in the information from SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) which monitors the said wind power generator separately. Or the state monitoring system of Claim 2. A state monitoring system for monitoring the state of equipment constituting a wind turbine generator,
A first detector for detecting a state of the device;
A monitoring device for generating a diagnostic parameter based on a detection result of the first detector;
A monitoring-side control device for diagnosing an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter;
A monitoring terminal device for monitoring the state of the device,
The wind power generator includes a blade that converts wind power into rotational torque of a main shaft, a nacelle that houses a generator that converts rotational torque of the main shaft into electric power, a tower that rotatably supports the nacelle, and the blade A driving device that rotates the nacelle to face the windward,
The diagnostic parameter varies according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle,
The monitor device transmits the diagnosis parameter in the first period before the diagnosis to the monitoring side control device,
The monitoring-side control device corrects the diagnostic parameter of the first period according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle so that a variation of the diagnostic parameter according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle is small, Generating a threshold for diagnosing an abnormality of the device based on the diagnostic parameter;
The monitor device transmits the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring-side control device in a second period after the first period has elapsed,
The monitoring-side control device corrects the diagnostic parameter of the second period according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle so that the fluctuation amount of the diagnostic parameter according to the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle is small, A state monitoring system that diagnoses whether or not the device is abnormal based on the diagnostic parameter and the threshold value, and transmits a result of the diagnosis to the monitoring terminal device. And a second detector for detecting the rotational angular velocity of the nacelle,
The monitor device transmits the detection value of the second detector together with the diagnostic parameter to the monitoring control device,
The state monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein the monitoring-side control device corrects the diagnostic parameter based on a detection value of the second detector.   The said monitoring side control apparatus correct | amends the said diagnostic parameter based on the rotation angular velocity of the said nacelle obtained from the information from SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) which monitors the said wind power generator separately. Condition monitoring system.   The condition monitoring system according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the second detector includes an orientation sensor.   The condition monitoring system according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the second detector includes a gyro sensor.   The state monitoring system according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the second detector includes a global positioning system (GPS).   The state monitoring system according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the second detector includes a detector that detects at least one of a driving current and a driving voltage of the driving device.   A wind power generation system comprising the state monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 11 and the wind power generation device.

Images