JP2016073100A - Photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform photovoltaic power generation and to prevent the amount of solar radiation to an agricultural land from becoming too much or too little.SOLUTION: In solar radiation adjustment control, a control part (50) performs a sun tracking operation in a first time zone (T1) including the meridian time and performs a shade adjusting operation in a second time zone (T2) before the first time zone (T1) and a third time zone (T3) after the first time zone (T1), In the sun tracking operation, the control part (50) adjusts an oscillation angle of a solar panel (20) in such a manner that a light-receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) is turned towards the sun while following the diurnal motion of the sun. In the shade adjusting operation, the control part (50) adjusts the oscillation angle of the solar panel (20) in such a manner that a real shade area (S1) corresponding to the area of the shade of the solar panel (20) generated on the agricultural land becomes smaller than a virtual shade area (S0) corresponding to the area of the shade of the solar panel (20) that may be generated on the agricultural land on the assumption that the sun tracking operation is to be performed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar power generation system including a solar panel.

  Conventionally, a solar power generation system including a solar panel that converts sunlight into electric power is known. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a solar power generation system installed in an agricultural house. In the solar power generation system of Patent Document 1, direction control is performed to direct the solar cell panel in the maximum light reception energy direction in the structure based on the detection result by the light receiving sensor.

JP 2012-146967 A

  By the way, in order to cultivate crops, it is preferable to give an amount of solar radiation suitable for the crops. That is, if an excess or deficiency in the amount of solar radiation given to a crop occurs, there is a risk that the growth of the crop will be hindered. Therefore, in order to give the amount of solar radiation suitable for the crops grown in the agricultural house, there is a case where the agricultural house is covered with a light-shielding curtain (for example, a net) to appropriately reduce the amount of solar radiation for the crops.

  In addition, if a solar panel is installed above the farmland for growing crops, the shade of the solar panel is generated in the farmland, and the amount of solar radiation on the farmland is reduced. Therefore, it is conceivable to adjust the amount of solar radiation to the farmland to an appropriate amount using the shade of the solar panel. By comprising in this way, it becomes possible to make compatible the electric power generation with sunlight, and adjustment of the amount of solar radiation with respect to farmland.

  However, the shade area of the solar panel generated on the farmland varies depending on the attitude of the solar panel and the elevation angle of the sun. Moreover, the amount of solar radiation from the sun varies depending on the time zone. For this reason, it is difficult to adjust the amount of solar radiation to an appropriate amount using the shade of the solar panel, and there is a risk that the amount of solar radiation on the farmland will be excessive or insufficient.

  Then, this invention aims at providing the solar power generation system which can suppress the excess and deficiency of the solar radiation amount with respect to farmland with the power generation by sunlight.

  1st invention is the solar power generation system installed in the farmland for growing agricultural products, Comprising: The solar panel (20) which converts the light irradiated to the light-receiving surface (20a) into electric power, and the said farmland A support mechanism (30) for swingably supporting the solar panel (20) above, a drive mechanism (40) for swinging the solar panel (20), and a controller for controlling the amount of solar radiation (50), and in the solar radiation amount adjustment control, the control unit (50) includes the solar panel (20) in a first time zone (T1) that is a daytime time zone and includes a time in the south and middle. The sun tracking operation to adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20) by controlling the drive mechanism (40) so that the light receiving surface (20a) of the light follows the diurnal motion of the sun and faces the sun. , Morning time zone, second time zone (T2) before evening time zone (T1) and evening time zone In the third time zone (T3) after the first time zone (T1), the actual shade area (S1) corresponding to the shade area of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland is the sun. The drive mechanism (40) is controlled so as to be smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0) corresponding to the shaded area of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland when it is assumed that the tracking operation is performed. A solar power generation system configured to perform a shade adjustment operation for adjusting a swing angle of a solar panel (20).

  In the first invention, the solar panel (20) is adjusted by adjusting the swing angle of the solar panel (20) so that the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) faces the sun in the solar tracking operation. ) Can be promoted. In addition, the amount of solar radiation from the sun increases in the first time zone (T1), which is the daytime time zone, and the second time zone (T2), which is the morning time zone, and the third time zone, which is the evening time zone. It tends to decrease in (T3). Therefore, by performing the solar tracking operation in the first time zone (T1), the power generation in the solar panel (20) is promoted in the first time zone (T1) where the amount of solar radiation tends to increase. Can do.

  Moreover, in the said 1st invention, by performing a solar tracking operation | movement in the 1st time slot | zone (T1), the shade area (namely, shade) of the solar panel (20) which arises in farmland in the 1st time slot | zone (T1) The actual area (S1)) can be made relatively large. Thereby, the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation can be increased in the first time zone (T1) in which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase. On the other hand, by performing the shade adjustment operation in the second and third time zones (T2, T3), the shade area of the solar panel generated on the farmland in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) (ie, shade) The actual area (S1)) can be made relatively small. Thereby, the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation can be reduced in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) where the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to decrease.

  In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the control unit (50) is configured so that the swing angle of the solar panel (20) is a preset command angle (θ *). (40) is configured to control, and in the sun tracking operation, the control unit (50) is configured to change a target rocking angle (θt) that changes in response to a change in the elevation angle of the sun in the diurnal motion of the sun. Is set to the command angle (θ *), and in the shade adjustment operation, the control unit (50) has the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0). The target rocking angle (θt) is corrected as described above, and the corrected target rocking angle (θt) is set to the command angle (θ *).

  In the second aspect of the invention, in the sun tracking operation, the target swing angle (θt) is set to the command angle (θ *), and in the shade adjustment operation, the actual shade area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is shaded. The target swing angle (θt) corrected so as to be smaller than the virtual area (S0) is set as the command angle (θ *).

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the controller (50) causes the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) to be closer to the south-central time in the shade adjustment operation. ) Adjusts the swing angle of the solar panel (20) by controlling the drive mechanism (40) so as to be close to the shaded virtual area (S 0).

  In the third aspect of the invention, in the second and third time periods (T2, T3) in which the shade adjustment operation is performed, the shaded virtual area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is closer to the south-central time. Close to the area (S0). In addition, it is in the tendency for the amount of solar radiation from the sun to increase, so that it is near south-central time. Therefore, in the shade adjustment operation, sunlight is controlled by controlling the drive mechanism (40) so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is closer to the shaded virtual area (S0) as it is closer to the south-central time. By adjusting the swing angle of the panel (20), the greater the amount of solar radiation from the sun in the second and third time periods (T2, T3), the greater the shaded virtual area (S0) of the solar panel (20) The ratio of shaded area (S1) can be increased.

  According to a fourth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, a later period (T12) of the first time zone (T1) after the south-central time is the first time period. The solar power generation system is characterized in that it is longer than the previous period (T11) before the south-central time in the belt (T1).

  In the fourth aspect of the invention, the late period (T12) is longer than the previous period (T11) in the first time period (T1). In the first time zone (T1), which is the daytime time zone, the amount of solar radiation radiated from the sun in the later period (T12) after the south-central time is south-central in the first time zone (T1). It tends to be larger than the amount of solar radiation irradiated from the sun in the previous period (T11) before the time. Therefore, in the first time period (T1), by setting the latter period (T12) longer than the first period (T11), the solar radiation amount tends to increase (that is, the time after the South-Central time (Period) can increase the execution time of the sun tracking operation. In addition, by increasing the execution time of the sun tracking operation, it is possible to extend the time during which the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation increases during the period in which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase.

  5th invention is further equipped with the solar radiation amount detection part (60) which detects the solar radiation amount with respect to the said farmland in any one of the said 1st-4th invention, The said control part (50) is the said shade. In the adjustment operation, as the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detector (60) decreases in each of the second and third time zones (T2, T3), the time zone (T2, T3) The sunlight is controlled by controlling the drive mechanism (40) according to the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detection unit (60) so that the actual shade area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is reduced. The photovoltaic power generation system is characterized in that the swing angle of the panel (20) is corrected.

  In the fifth aspect, the shade area of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) based on the detection result by the solar radiation amount detection unit (60) (that is, the shade) The actual area (S1)) can be adjusted appropriately.

  In a sixth aspect based on any one of the first to fifth aspects, the control unit (50) adjusts the solar radiation amount in response to an operation for instructing execution of the solar radiation amount adjustment control. A photovoltaic power generation system configured to perform control.

  In the sixth aspect, the solar radiation amount adjustment control can be performed as necessary.

  According to 1st invention, since the electric power generation in a solar panel (20) can be promoted in the 1st time slot | zone (T1) in which the solar radiation amount tends to increase, in a solar panel (20) Power generation can be performed effectively. In addition, in the first time period (T1) in which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase, the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation is increased and in the second and third time periods in which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to decrease ( Since the amount of decrease in solar radiation can be reduced in T2, T3), it is possible to suppress excessive or insufficient solar radiation on farmland.

  According to the second invention, in the solar tracking operation, by setting the target swing angle (θt) to the command angle (θ *), the light-receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) The swing angle of the solar panel (20) can be adjusted to follow the movement and face the sun. In the shade adjustment operation, the target swing angle (θt) corrected so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0) is the command angle (θ *). By setting to, the swing angle of the solar panel (20) can be adjusted so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0).

  According to the third invention, in the second and third time zones (T2, T3), the shaded real area (S1) with respect to the shaded virtual area (S0) of the solar panel (20) as the amount of solar radiation from the sun increases. Therefore, it is possible to effectively reduce the amount of solar radiation with respect to the farmland, and it is possible to suppress the excess or deficiency of the amount of solar radiation with respect to the farmland.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the solar tracking operation can be performed for a longer period of time during which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase (that is, the period after the South / Central time). Power generation in (20) can be effectively promoted. In addition, in the period when the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase, the amount of time during which the amount of decrease in solar radiation is increased can be lengthened, so that the amount of solar radiation with respect to the farmland can be effectively reduced. Excessive or insufficient solar radiation can be suppressed.

  According to the fifth invention, the shade area of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) based on the detection result by the solar radiation amount detection unit (60) (that is, Since the actual shade area (S1) can be adjusted appropriately, the amount of solar radiation on the farmland can be reduced appropriately.

  According to the sixth aspect, since the solar radiation amount adjustment control can be performed as necessary, the solar radiation amount to the farmland can be adjusted according to the growing stage of the crop and the change of the surrounding environment.

The perspective view which showed the structural example of the solar energy power generation system. Schematic which showed the example of a structure of the solar energy power generation system typically. The side view which showed the structural example of the solar panel unit. The front view which showed the structural example of the solar panel unit. The perspective view which showed the structural example of the solar panel unit. The timing chart which showed an example of solar radiation amount adjustment control. Schematic which showed an example of the sun tracking operation | movement in the daytime time slot | zone. Schematic which showed an example of shade adjustment operation | movement in the morning time slot | zone. Schematic which showed an example of the shade adjustment operation | movement in the evening time slot | zone. The timing chart which showed another example of solar radiation amount adjustment control. Schematic which showed the other example of the shade adjustment operation | movement in the morning time slot | zone. Schematic which showed the modification of the solar power generation system.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will not be repeated.

(Solar power system)
1 and 2 show a configuration example of a photovoltaic power generation system (1) according to the embodiment. The solar power generation system (1) includes one or more solar panel units (10), one or more drive mechanisms (40), and a controller (50), and is used to grow crops. Installed on farmland. In this example, the solar power generation system (1) is provided in an agricultural house (90) extending in the north-south direction. Specifically, two unit rows (i.e., 12 solar panel units (10)) each consisting of six solar panel units (10) arranged in the north-south direction are arranged in the agricultural house (90). Two drive mechanisms (40) mounted on the horizontal rail (91) and corresponding to the two unit rows, respectively, are provided.

[Solar panel unit]
3-5 has shown the structural example of the solar panel unit (10). The solar panel unit (10) includes a solar panel (20) and a support mechanism (30).

<Solar panel>
The solar panel (20) converts light applied to the light receiving surface (20a) into electric power. In this example, the solar panel (20) has a panel body (21) and a fixing member (22).

  The panel body (21) is formed in a plate shape, and one surface constitutes the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20). The fixing member (22) is a member that is fixed to the panel body (21) and swings integrally with the panel body (21). In this example, the fixing member (22) includes two crosspiece members (22a), two fixing pieces (22b), and one connecting piece (22c). In addition, in FIG. 5, illustration of the connection piece (22c) is abbreviate | omitted.

  The two cross members (22a) are fixed to the back surface of the panel body (21) (that is, the surface located on the back side of the light receiving surface (20a)), and are spaced apart from each other in the width direction of the solar panel (20) ( Specifically, it extends in the width direction of the panel body (21). Each of the two fixed pieces (22b) is formed in a plate shape extending in the width direction of the solar panel (20), and is in the longitudinal direction of the two crosspiece members (22a) (the width direction of the solar panel (20)). It is fixed to the inner surface of the central part. The connecting piece (22c) is formed in a plate shape extending in the width direction of the solar panel (20), and is one of the two cross members (22a) (in this example, in front of the solar panel (20)). It is fixed to the outer surface of the central part of the crosspiece member (22a) located on the edge side.

<Support mechanism>
The support mechanism (30) supports the solar panel (20) so as to be swingable about the swing axis (C) above the farmland. In this example, the support mechanism (30) includes a support member (31) that swingably supports the solar panel (20), a support member (32) that supports the support member (31), and an agricultural house ( 90) and a pedestal member (33) for supporting the column member (32). In FIG. 5, the pedestal member (33) is not shown.

《Support member》
The support member (31) has a support base (31a) and two support pieces (31b). The support base (31a) extends in a direction along the center of the solar panel (20) in the width direction (specifically, the center of the panel body (21) in the width direction). The two support piece portions (31b) are erected on the upper surfaces of both end portions in the longitudinal direction of the support base portion (31a). In this example, the support base (31a) is formed in a quadrangular prism shape. Specifically, the support base (31a) is made of lip groove steel (steel material having a C-shaped cross section). The support piece portion (31b) stands vertically with respect to the upper surface of the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the support base portion (31a).

  The two support pieces (31b) are swingably connected to the two fixed pieces (22b) of the solar panel (20). Specifically, the fixed piece (22b) is aligned with the support piece part (31b) in the longitudinal direction of the support base part (31a) (in this example, the support piece part in the longitudinal direction of the support base part (31a)). (Positioned outside (31b)) and the tip of the support piece (31b) with the swing axis (C) extending in the direction along the center of the solar panel (20) in the width direction. It is linked movably. That is, the swing axis (C) is separated from the back surface of the solar panel (20) (specifically, the back surface of the panel main body (21)) and the top surface of the support base (31a) with a distance from the solar panel ( 20) extends in a direction along the central portion in the width direction, and penetrates the fixed piece (22b) and the support piece (31b).

  In this example, a shaft portion serving as a swing shaft is provided in the fixed piece (22b), and a shaft hole through which the shaft portion can be inserted is provided in the support piece portion (31b). Then, the shaft portion of the fixed piece (22b) is inserted into the shaft hole of the support piece portion (31b), and the fixed piece (22b) and the support piece portion (31b) are connected so as to be swingable. The swing axis (C) is constituted by the shaft center of the shaft portion. In this example, the shaft portion provided on the fixed piece (22b) extends from the side surface (inner side surface) facing the support piece portion (31b) of the fixed piece (22b) in the longitudinal direction of the support base portion (31a). It protrudes. That is, the swing axis (C) extends in parallel with the support base (31a).

  In this example, the solar panel (20) is arranged so that the front edge side is the south side and the rear edge side is the north side. The solar panel (20) is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane so as to gradually increase from the front edge side toward the rear edge side (that is, from the south side toward the north side). 30) is swingably supported. The swing axis (C) is inclined upward from the front edge side to the rear edge side of the solar panel (20) (that is, from the south side to the north side).

《Stall member, base member》
The column member (32) is formed in a column shape extending vertically, and the support base (31a) of the support member (31) is fixed to the upper end portion thereof. The pedestal member (33) is formed in a plate shape, and the support member (32) is fixed vertically on the upper surface thereof.

(Drive mechanism)
The drive mechanism (40) is configured to swing the solar panel (20) of the solar panel unit (10). In this example, the drive mechanism (40) includes an actuator (41) and a link mechanism (42).

<Actuator>
The actuator (41) is configured to rotationally drive its output shaft (not shown). For example, the actuator (41) is a rotary pneumatic actuator that rotates the output shaft by air pressure.

<Link mechanism>
The link mechanism (42) is configured to swing the solar panel (20) of the solar panel unit (10) according to the rotational movement of the actuator (41). In this example, the link mechanism (42) is configured to synchronize (interlock) the swinging of the solar panels (20) of the plurality of solar panel units (10) arranged in a straight line. Specifically, the link mechanism (42) includes a drive shaft (42a), a plurality of swing arms (42b) corresponding to the plurality of solar panel units (10), a plurality of universal joints (42c), and a plurality of And a bearing member (42d).

《Drive shaft》
The drive shaft (42a) extends in the arrangement direction of the solar panel units (10) (in this example, the north-south direction). One end of the drive shaft (42a) is coaxially connected to the output shaft (not shown) of the actuator (41), and is driven to rotate by the actuator (41).

《Oscillating arm, universal joint》
The swing arm (42b) is formed in a plate shape extending in the radial direction of the drive shaft (42a), one end of which is fixed to the drive shaft (42a) and swings integrally with the drive shaft (42a). . The universal joint (42c) has one end connected to the other end of the swing arm (42b) and the other end connected to the connecting piece (22c) of the solar panel (20) of the solar panel unit (10). It is connected to the end in the longitudinal direction. The bearing member (42d) is fixed to the upper surface of the base member (33) of the support mechanism (30) of the solar panel unit (10), and rotatably supports the drive shaft (42a).

<Operation by link mechanism>
In the solar panel unit (10) shown in FIG. 4, when the drive shaft (42a) is rotated clockwise, the end of the connecting piece (22c) in the longitudinal direction (universal joint (42c) is moved by the swing arm (42b). )) Is pulled down, and the solar panel (20) swings clockwise about the swing axis (C). On the other hand, when the drive shaft (42a) is rotated counterclockwise, the longitudinal end of the connecting piece (22c) (the connecting point with the universal joint (42c)) is pushed up by the swing arm (42b), The solar panel (20) swings counterclockwise about the swing axis (C).

  In this example, when the drive shaft (42a) is rotated, the plurality of swing arms (42b) connected to the drive shaft (42a) swings synchronously. Thereby, the solar panels (20) of the plurality of solar panel units (10) arranged on a straight line swing in synchronization with each other.

[Controller (control unit)]
The controller (50) is configured to control the drive mechanism (40) to adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20) of the solar panel unit (10). Specifically, the controller (50) detects the current swing angle of the solar panel (20) based on a detection signal of an angle sensor (not shown) that detects the swing angle of the solar panel (20). θ *) is calculated, and the drive mechanism (40) is controlled to adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20) so that the swing angle of the solar panel (20) becomes a preset command angle. . For example, the controller (50) includes a microcomputer and a memory that stores a program for operating the microcomputer. In this example, the controller (50) performs solar radiation amount adjustment control.

<Insolation control>
Next, solar radiation amount adjustment control will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 6, the swing angle (command angle (θ *)) of the solar panel (20) is when the solar panel (20) is not inclined to the east side or the west side (that is, the solar panel). (When the width direction of (20) is horizontal) is set to “zero”, the case where the solar panel (20) is inclined to the east side is set to “negative”, and the solar panel (20) is inclined to the west side The case is “positive”.

  As shown in FIG. 6, in the solar radiation amount adjustment control, the controller (50) is configured to track the sun in a first time zone (T1) that is a daytime time zone and includes a south / central time (12:00 in this example). The second time zone (T2) before the first time zone (T1) and the evening time zone after the first time zone (T1) in the morning time zone. Shade adjustment operation is performed in the time zone (T3). In this example, in the first time period (T1), the previous period (T11) before the South-Central time is the later period (T12) after the South-Central time in the first time period (T1). It is the same length.

《Sun tracking operation》
As shown in FIG. 7, in the sun tracking operation, the controller (50) is configured so that the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) follows the sun's diurnal motion and faces the sun. ) To adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20). For example, in the solar tracking operation, the controller (50) allows the solar panel (20a) to have a solar panel (20a) so that the angle between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) and the incident direction of sunlight is small. 20) Adjust the swing angle.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the controller (50) sets the target swing angle (θt) to the command angle (θ *) in the sun tracking operation. The target swing angle (θt) is the target value of the swing angle that changes in response to changes in the sun's elevation angle during the diurnal motion of the sun, and the coordinate information (installation position of the photovoltaic power generation system (1)) It is possible to make a determination based on azimuth, latitude, and longitude) and time information (date and time). For example, the target rocking angle (θt) is determined by the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight at the time associated with the target rocking angle (θt). Is set to the swing angle of the solar panel (20) when the angle formed by

  The controller (50) has a correspondence table in which the time and the target swing angle (θt) are associated with each other, and selects the target swing angle (θt) corresponding to the current time from the correspondence table. It may be configured as follows. Alternatively, the controller (50) has an arithmetic expression (function) for calculating the target swing angle (θt) according to the coordinate information and time information of the installation position of the photovoltaic power generation system (1), and the calculation The target swing angle (θt) may be calculated based on the equation.

《Shade adjustment operation》
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, in the shade adjustment operation, the controller (50) is configured to drive the drive mechanism so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0). (40) is controlled to adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20). The actual shaded area (S1) of the solar panel (20) corresponds to the shaded area (actual area) of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland. S0) corresponds to the shaded area (virtual area) of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland when it is assumed that the sun tracking operation is performed. For example, in the shade adjustment operation, the controller (50) has a solar tracking operation in which the included angle (actual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight is Is assumed to be closer to 90 ° than the included angle (virtual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight, Adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20).

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, in the shade adjustment operation, the controller (50) sets the target so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0). The swing angle (θt) is corrected, and the corrected target swing angle (θt) is set as the command angle (θ *). For example, in the shade adjustment operation, the controller (50) indicates that the angle between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight (actual angle) is the sun tracking operation. Is assumed to be 90 degrees from the included angle (virtual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight. Correct the moving angle (θt).

  Further, in this example, in the shade adjustment operation, the controller (50) makes the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) the shaded virtual area (S1) closer to the south / central time (12:00 in this example). The drive mechanism (40) is controlled to adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20) so as to be close to S0). For example, in the shade adjustment operation, the controller (50) causes the angle between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction to sunlight to be smaller as the time is closer to the south / central time. Next, adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20).

  More specifically, in this example, the controller (50) is configured to correct the target swing angle (θt) by adding the correction angle (θc) to the target swing angle (θt). The correction angle (θc) is set to zero in the first time zone (T1), which is the daytime time zone, and is set to a positive value in the second time zone (T2), which is the morning time zone. In the third time zone (T3), which is a zone, a negative value is set. Further, in the second and third time zones (T2, T3), the absolute value of the correction angle (θc) is smaller as it is closer to the south-central time.

<< Solar panel behavior in the first time period >>
In the first time zone (T1), which is the daytime time zone, the correction angle (θc) is set to zero, so the swing angle of the solar panel (20) is adjusted to the target swing angle (θt). Is done. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, in the first time zone (T1), the angle formed between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight is reduced. The swing angle of the solar panel (20) is adjusted, and as a result, the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) follows the sun's diurnal motion and faces the sun. In the first time zone (T1) in which the sun tracking operation is performed, the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is the same as the shaded virtual area (S0).

<< Solar panel behavior in the second time period >>
In the second time zone (T2), which is the morning time zone, the correction angle (θc) is set to a positive value, so the rocking angle of the solar panel (20) is the target rocking angle (θt). The swing angle is adjusted to a west side by a predetermined angle. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, in the second time zone (T2), the included angle (actual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight. ) Is 90 ° from the included angle (virtual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight. The swing angle of the solar panel (20) is adjusted so as to be close, and as a result, the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) becomes smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0).

《Solar panel behavior in the third time zone》
In the third time zone (T3), which is the evening time zone, the correction angle (θc) is set to a negative value, so the rocking angle of the solar panel (20) is the target rocking angle (θt). The swing angle is adjusted to the east side by a predetermined angle. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, in the third time zone (T3), the included angle (actual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight. ) Is 90 ° from the included angle (virtual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight. The swing angle of the solar panel (20) is adjusted so as to be close, and as a result, the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) becomes smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0).

  In the 2nd and 3rd time zones (T2, T3), the absolute value of the correction angle (θc) decreases as the time approaches the south-central time, so the swing angle of the solar panel (20) and the target swing The difference with the moving angle (θt) becomes smaller the closer to the south-central time. Therefore, in the second and third time zones (T2, T3), the closer the south-central time is, the narrower the angle between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight. The swing angle of the solar panel (20) is adjusted so that it becomes smaller. As a result, the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is closer to the shaded virtual area (S0) as it is closer to the south-central time. Become.

[Effects of the embodiment]
As described above, in the solar tracking operation, by adjusting the swing angle of the solar panel (20) so that the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) faces the sun, the solar panel (20) Power generation can be promoted. In addition, the amount of solar radiation from the sun increases in the first time zone (T1), which is the daytime time zone, and the second time zone (T2), which is the morning time zone, and the third time zone, which is the evening time zone. It tends to decrease in (T3). Therefore, by performing the solar tracking operation in the first time zone (T1), power generation in the solar panel (20) can be promoted in the first time zone (T1) where the amount of solar radiation tends to increase. it can. Thereby, the electric power generation in a solar panel (20) can be performed effectively.

  In addition, by performing the solar tracking operation in the first time zone (T1), the shaded area of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland in the first time zone (T1) (that is, the shaded real area (S1)) It can be made relatively large. Thereby, the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation can be increased in the first time zone (T1) in which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase. On the other hand, by performing the shade adjustment operation in the second and third time zones (T2, T3), the shade area of the solar panel generated on the farmland in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) (ie, shade) The actual area (S1)) can be made relatively small. Thereby, the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation can be reduced in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) where the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to decrease. As described above, in the first time zone (T1) in which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase, the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation increases and the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to decrease in the second and third times. Since the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation can be reduced in the belts (T2, T3), it is possible to suppress the excess or deficiency of the amount of solar radiation on the farmland. Thereby, it is possible to promote the cultivation of crops on the farmland.

  Also, by setting the target swing angle (θt) to the command angle (θ *) in the sun tracking operation, the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the solar The swing angle of the solar panel (20) can be adjusted so that the included angle with the light incident direction is small. Thereby, in the sun tracking operation, the swing angle of the solar panel (20) is adjusted so that the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) follows the diurnal motion of the sun and faces the sun. Can do.

  In the shade adjustment operation, the target swing angle (θt) corrected so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0) is the command angle (θ *). In the shade adjustment operation, the angle between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight (actual angle) Assuming that this is done, the sun will be closer to 90 ° than the included angle (virtual included angle) between the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight. The swing angle of the light panel (20) can be adjusted. Thereby, in the shade adjustment operation, the swing angle of the solar panel (20) can be adjusted so that the actual shade area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is smaller than the virtual shaded area (S0). it can.

  In addition, it is in the tendency for the amount of solar radiation from the sun to increase, so that it is near south-central time. Therefore, in the shade adjustment operation, sunlight is controlled by controlling the drive mechanism (40) so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is closer to the shaded virtual area (S0) as it is closer to the south-central time. By adjusting the swing angle of the panel (20), the greater the amount of solar radiation from the sun in the second and third time periods (T2, T3), the greater the shaded virtual area (S0) of the solar panel (20) The ratio of shaded area (S1) can be increased. Thereby, the solar radiation amount with respect to farmland can be reduced effectively, and the excess and deficiency of the solar radiation amount with respect to farmland can be suppressed.

(Modification 1 of solar radiation amount adjustment control)
As shown in FIG. 10, the correction angle (θc) may be set to a constant value in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) in which the shade adjustment operation is performed. In this example, the correction angle (θc) is set to “+ 90 °” in the second time zone (T2), and is set to “−90 °” in the third time zone (T3). In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, in the second time zone (T2) which is the morning time zone, the swing angle of the solar panel (20) is 90 ° westward from the target swing angle (θt). It has an advanced rocking angle. That is, the controller (50) performs the normal direction of the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight in the shade adjustment operation performed in the second and third time periods (T2, T3). The swing angle of the solar panel (20) may be adjusted so that the included angle is a predetermined angle (90 ° in this example). Note that the predetermined angle is based on the angle between the normal direction of the light-receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight, assuming that the solar tracking operation is performed (virtual angle) The angle is close to 90 °.

  Even when configured as described above, the solar panel can be adjusted by adjusting the swing angle of the solar panel (20) so that the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) faces the sun in the solar tracking operation. Power generation in (20) can be performed effectively. In addition, the solar tracking operation is performed in the first time zone (T1), and the shade adjustment operation is performed in the second and third time zones (T2, T3), thereby suppressing the excess and deficiency of the solar radiation amount to the farmland. it can.

(Modification 2 of solar radiation amount adjustment control)
In addition, as shown in FIG. 10, the latter period (T12) after the south-central time in the first time period (T1) is the previous period before the south-central time in the first time period (T1). It may be longer than (T11).

  In the first time zone (T1), which is the daytime time zone, the amount of solar radiation radiated from the sun in the later period (T12) after the south-central time is south-central in the first time zone (T1). It tends to be larger than the amount of solar radiation irradiated from the sun in the previous period (T11) before the time. Therefore, in the first time period (T1), by setting the latter period (T12) longer than the first period (T11), the solar radiation amount tends to increase (that is, the time after the South-Central time (Period) can increase the execution time of the sun tracking operation. Thereby, the electric power generation in a solar panel (20) can be promoted effectively. In addition, by increasing the execution time of the sun tracking operation, it is possible to extend the time during which the amount of decrease in the amount of solar radiation increases during the period in which the amount of solar radiation from the sun tends to increase. Thereby, since the solar radiation amount with respect to farmland can be reduced effectively, the excess and deficiency of the solar radiation amount with respect to farmland can be suppressed.

<Modification of solar power generation system>
As shown in FIG. 12, the solar power generation system (1) may include one or more solar radiation amount detection units (60) in addition to the configuration shown in FIGS. The solar radiation amount detection unit (60) is configured to detect the solar radiation amount on the farmland.

  In the photovoltaic power generation system (1) shown in FIG. 12, the controller (50) is detected by the solar radiation amount detector (60) in each of the second and third time periods (T2, T3) in the shade adjustment operation. The amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detector (60) decreases so that the actual shade area (S1) of the solar panel (20) in the time zone (T2, T3) decreases as the amount of solar radiation decreases. The drive mechanism (40) may be controlled according to the amount to correct the swing angle of the solar panel (20). For example, the controller (50) forms the normal direction of the light receiving surface of the solar panel (20) and the incident direction of sunlight as the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detector (60) decreases. The swing angle of the solar panel (20) may be corrected according to the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detection unit (60) so that the angle approaches 90 °.

  When the controller (50) is configured to correct the target swing angle (θt) by adding the correction angle (θc) to the target swing angle (θt), the controller (50) The command angle (θ *) may be corrected by correcting the correction angle (θc) according to the amount of solar radiation detected by the amount detection unit (60). For example, the controller (50) is configured so that the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detection unit (60) in the second time period (T2) (specifically, the average value of the amount of solar radiation detected during a predetermined period) When it is smaller than the set solar radiation amount threshold, the correction angle (θc) in the second time period (T2) is changed from the correction angle (θc) shown in FIG. 6 to the correction angle (θc) shown in FIG. On the other hand, if the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detector (60) in the second time zone (T2) is not less than the solar radiation amount threshold, the second time zone (T2) The correction angle (θc) may be configured to maintain the correction angle (θc) shown in FIG.

  By configuring as described above, the shaded area of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) based on the detection result by the solar radiation amount detection unit (60) (that is, , Shade real area (S1)) can be adjusted appropriately. Thereby, the amount of solar radiation with respect to farmland can be reduced appropriately.

(Modification of controller)
The controller (50) may be configured to perform the solar radiation amount adjustment control in response to an operation for instructing execution of the solar radiation amount adjustment control. For example, the controller (50) has an operation button operated by the operator, and responds to the operation of the operation button by the operator in the first to third time periods (T1 to T3) in the sun tracking operation. Power generation priority control and solar radiation amount adjustment control that performs solar tracking operation in the first time zone (T1) and shade adjustment operation in the second and third time zones (T2, T3) are selectively executed. It may be configured as follows. Specifically, when the power generation priority control is being executed, the controller (50) stops the power generation priority control when an operation is given to the operation button by the operator to instruct the execution of the solar radiation amount adjustment control. Then, the solar radiation amount adjustment control may be started.

  By configuring as described above, it is possible to perform solar radiation amount adjustment control as necessary. Thereby, the solar radiation amount with respect to farmland can be adjusted according to the cultivation stage of crops, or the change of surrounding environment.

(Other embodiments)
In the above explanation, the case where the photovoltaic power generation system (1) is installed in the agricultural house (90) is taken as an example, but the photovoltaic power generation system (1) is limited to the agricultural house (90). It may be installed in other farmlands.

  Moreover, although the case where the target swing angle (θt) is updated every hour has been described as an example, the update cycle of the target swing angle (θt) may be longer or shorter than one hour. Further, the update cycle of the target swing angle (θt) may or may not be constant. In addition, the first to third time zones (T1 to T3) may be variable values or fixed values.

  Moreover, you may implement combining the above embodiment suitably. The above embodiments are essentially preferable examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, its application, or its use.

  As described above, the above-described solar power generation system is useful as a solar power generation system installed on farmland.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Photovoltaic power generation system 10 Solar panel unit 20 Solar panel 20a Light-receiving surface 21 Panel main body 22 Fixing member 22a Crosspiece member 22b Fixing piece 22c Connection piece 30 Support mechanism 31 Support member 31a Support base part 31b Support piece part 32 Prop member 33 Base member 40 Drive mechanism 41 Actuator 42 Link mechanism 42a Drive shaft 42b Swing arm 42c Universal joint 42d Bearing member 50 Controller (control unit)
60 Solar radiation detection unit

Claims (6)

A photovoltaic power generation system installed on farmland for growing crops,
A solar panel (20) for converting the light applied to the light receiving surface (20a) into electric power;
A support mechanism (30) for swingably supporting the solar panel (20) above the farmland;
A drive mechanism (40) for swinging the solar panel (20);
And a control unit (50) that performs solar radiation amount adjustment control,
In the solar radiation amount adjustment control, the control unit (50) is configured such that the light receiving surface (20a) of the solar panel (20) is in a first time zone (T1) that is a daytime time zone and includes a time in the south and middle. Control the drive mechanism (40) to follow the diurnal movement of the sun and turn the solar panel (20) to adjust the rocking angle of the solar panel (20). In the second time zone (T2) before the first time zone (T1) and in the evening time zone and the third time zone (T3) after the first time zone (T1) The shaded area of the solar panel (20) generated on the farmland, assuming that the shaded real area (S1) corresponding to the shaded area of the solar panel (20) produced on the farmland performs the solar tracking operation And controlling the drive mechanism (40) to be smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0) corresponding to the solar panel. The solar power generation system is configured to perform a shade adjustment operation for adjusting the swing angle of the ru (20). In claim 1,
The control unit (50) is configured to control the drive mechanism (40) such that the swing angle of the solar panel (20) becomes a preset command angle (θ *),
In the sun tracking operation, the control unit (50) sets the target swing angle (θt) that changes in response to a change in the elevation angle of the sun in the diurnal motion of the sun as the command angle (θ *). ,
In the shade adjustment operation, the control unit (50) sets the target swing angle (θt) so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is smaller than the shaded virtual area (S0). A photovoltaic power generation system that corrects and sets the corrected target swing angle (θt) to the command angle (θ *). In claim 1 or 2,
In the shade adjustment operation, the control unit (50) drives the drive so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) is closer to the shaded virtual area (S0) as the time is closer to the south-central time. A photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the mechanism (40) is controlled to adjust the swing angle of the solar panel (20). In any one of Claims 1-3,
The latter period (T12) of the first time period (T1) after the South-China time is earlier than the previous period (T11) of the first time period (T1) before the South-China time. A photovoltaic power generation system characterized by its lengthening. In any one of Claims 1-4,
Further comprising a solar radiation amount detection unit (60) for detecting the solar radiation amount for the farmland,
In the shade adjustment operation, the control unit (50) reduces the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detection unit (60) in each of the second and third time periods (T2, T3). The drive mechanism according to the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation amount detecting unit (60) so that the shaded real area (S1) of the solar panel (20) in the time period (T2, T3) is reduced. (40) is controlled to correct the swing angle of the solar panel (20). In any one of Claims 1-5,
The solar power generation system, wherein the control unit (50) is configured to perform the solar radiation amount adjustment control in response to an operation for instructing execution of the solar radiation amount adjustment control.

Images