JP2015186268A - Permanent magnet type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine can be switched between a forward collision polarity and a reverse collision polarity by reversing and reversing the magnet polarity of a variable magnetic force magnet. The present invention relates to a rotation having a stator 10 composed of a stator core 11 and an armature winding 12, a permanent magnet 22 whose magnetization is variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet 23 whose magnetization is not variable. A permanent magnet 22 having a variable magnetization and a permanent magnet 23 having a fixed magnetization are embedded in a rotor core 21, and the rotor core has a low magnetic field between the permanent magnet 22 having a variable magnetization and the fixed permanent magnet 23. This is a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which portions of resistance (magnetic saliency) and portions of high magnetic resistance between the permanent magnet 22 having variable magnetization and the permanent magnet 23 having fixed magnetization are alternately formed. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine including a variable magnetic force magnet.

  Due to environmental and energy issues, plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are rapidly being put into practical use, and there is a need for low power consumption, high output, and high efficiency motors in all operating areas. Rare earth element permanent magnets generate a magnetic force several tens of times that of conventional magnets, so that a high output and high efficiency motor can be obtained. In such a motor, in order to drive the motor in the middle to high speed rotation range under the limitation of the power supply voltage, inverter control is used to form a magnetic force in the opposite direction to the magnetic force (magnetic flux) of the permanent magnet, which is called weak magnetic flux control. The magnetic force (voltage) is controlled. The embedded permanent magnet motor (IPM motor) is a permanent magnet motor having a magnetic structure in which this control is effective.

  In such a permanent magnet motor that performs the flux weakening control, it is necessary to use a permanent magnet having a high coercive force (for example, 1800 kA / m or more) so as not to demagnetize even under the flux weakening control.

  In motors applied to transportation systems such as trains and electric vehicles, a large torque is required in the low-speed rotation range, and a wide range of variable speed characteristics are required up to the high-speed rotation range.

  In order to withstand a magnetic field generated by a large current during a large torque operation, it is necessary to employ a permanent magnet having a particularly high coercive force for the IPM motor. In order to make the permanent magnet have such a high coercive force, a permanent magnet containing a rare earth metal (heavy rare earth metal) is required, but the rare earth metal has a resource problem in terms of supply.

  Moreover, in the recently developed variable magnetic permanent magnet motor, it is necessary to adopt a low-coercive permanent magnet as the permanent magnet that changes the magnetization. However, a low coercivity permanent magnet is inferior in resistance to demagnetization against a magnetic field due to a large current during a large torque operation. Therefore, there is a design problem that must be designed in consideration of the optimum coercive force and allowable current under the contradictory conditions of demagnetization resistance and reduction of magnetization current.

  On the other hand, the IPM motor has a forward saliency type in addition to the normal reverse saliency type. In order to obtain a high torque, the forward collision polarity type IPM motor is operated by generating a reluctance torque component with a strong magnetic flux control. However, when the flux-weakening control is performed for high-speed rotation, there is a problem that negative reluctance torque is generated and the torque is extremely reduced to make high-speed rotation difficult.

Edited by Nobuyuki Matsui, “Reduced Rare Earth / Derare Earth Motor”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (2013) N. Limsuwan, T. Fukushige, K. Akatsu, and RD Lorenz; “Design Methology for Variable-Flux, Flux-Intensifying Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for an Electric-Vehicle-Class Inverter Rating”, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE ) 2013, pp. 1547-1554 (2013)

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and can switch between forward and reverse saliency as a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine by reversing and re-inverting the polarity of a permanent magnet having variable magnetic force characteristics. An object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that can be operated utilizing these two different saliency.

  One feature of the present invention is composed of a stator having a stator core and an armature winding, and a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristic is variable by an external magnetic field and a permanent magnet whose characteristic is not variable. This is a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine.

  Another feature of the present invention is composed of a stator having a stator core and an armature winding, a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristics are variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet whose characteristics are not variable. The permanent magnet with variable magnetization and the permanent magnet with fixed magnetization are embedded in a rotor core, and the low magnetic resistance (magnetic saliency) of the rotor core between the variable magnetization permanent magnet and the fixed magnetization permanent magnet. And a portion of high magnetic resistance between the magnetization variable permanent magnet and the magnetization fixed permanent magnet are alternately formed.

  Another feature of the present invention includes a stator having a stator core and an armature winding, a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristic is variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet whose characteristic is not variable. The magnetization variable permanent magnet and the magnetization fixed permanent magnet are embedded in a V-shape in a rotor core, and the rotor core is disposed outside the V shape between the magnetization variable permanent magnet and the magnetization fixed permanent magnet. Of low magnetic resistance (magnetic saliency) and permanent magnet rotation in which V-shaped inner high magnetic resistance portions sandwiched between the variable magnetization permanent magnet and the fixed magnetization permanent magnet are alternately formed Electric.

  Still another feature of the present invention includes a stator having a stator core and an armature winding, a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristics are variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet whose characteristics are not variable. The magnetization variable permanent magnet and the magnetization fixed permanent magnet are embedded in a V-shape in a rotor core, and the rotor core is disposed outside the V shape between the magnetization variable permanent magnet and the magnetization fixed permanent magnet. Of low magnetic resistance (magnetic saliency) and V-shaped inner high magnetic resistance portions sandwiched between the variable magnetization permanent magnet and the fixed magnetization permanent magnet are alternately formed. This is a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which a non-magnetic part is provided in the V-shaped inner part sandwiched between permanent magnets arranged in the above.

  According to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine of the present invention, it is possible to operate as a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine by switching the forward collision polarity and the reverse collision polarity by reversing and re-inverting the polarity of the magnetization variable permanent magnet. By utilizing two different saliency, the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnet is improved at high torque, and the reluctance torque component is added to the high-speed rotation range by the weak magnetic flux control, resulting in high output and wide variable speed operation. Is possible. Further, there is an advantage that a permanent magnet with a reduced rare earth metal component can be applied.

A sectional view of a permanent magnet motor of one embodiment of the present invention. Sectional drawing of the reverse salient pole state of the rotor in the said embodiment. Sectional drawing of the forward salient pole state of the rotor in the said embodiment. Sectional drawing which shows the d-axis direction of the magnetic flux in the reverse salient pole state of the rotor in the said embodiment, and the d-axis direction of a magnetic salient pole. Sectional drawing which shows the d-axis direction of the magnetic flux in the forward salient pole state of the rotor in the said embodiment, and the d-axis direction of a magnetic salient pole. The circuit diagram of the permanent magnet motor control circuit which drives the permanent magnet motor of the said embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the present embodiment is a permanent magnet motor 1 and includes a stator 10 and a rotor 20. The stator 10 includes a stator core 11 and armature windings 13 accommodated in a large number of appropriate slots 12. On the other hand, the rotor 20 is configured by arranging two pairs of permanent magnets 22 and 23 in a rotor iron core 21 in a pair of V shapes and at equal angular intervals in the rotation direction. A magnetic shielding groove 24 is provided in a square shape on the center side of the rotor core 21. A rotating shaft 30 is inserted through the center of the rotor 20.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the set of two permanent magnets 22 and 23 in a V-shaped arrangement is equally distributed in the circumferential direction with the number of sets corresponding to the number of poles, for example, 4 poles and 8 poles. Is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, since there are four poles, four sets are arranged at intervals of 90 °. A magnetic pole core portion 25 of the rotor core 21 is formed between pairs of adjacent V-shaped permanent magnets 22 and 23. Reference numeral 26 denotes a portion between the magnetic poles.

  As for the V-shaped permanent magnets 22 and 23 of each set, the permanent magnet 22 has a low coercivity magnet characteristic (variable magnetic characteristic), and the permanent magnet 23 has a high coercivity magnet characteristic (fixed magnetic characteristic). ing. Although it has low coercivity and high coercivity magnet characteristics, the magnetization state of the low coercivity permanent magnet 22 is changed by a magnetic field generated by an instantaneous large current flowing in the armature winding 13. There is a difference that the magnetization state of the permanent magnet 23 having a high coercive force is not changed by a magnetic field caused by an electric current. For example, the high coercivity permanent magnet 23 is 1000-1800 kA / m coercivity permanent magnet (for example, NdFeB permanent magnet), and the low coercivity permanent magnet 22 is samarium cobalt magnet or AlNiCo permanent magnet 100-500 kA / m. Those having a coercive force of m can be employed.

  Therefore, by appropriately setting the magnetization current, only the N and S polarities of the low-coercivity permanent magnet 22 can be reversed by the magnetic field due to the magnetization current, and can be reversed again by the magnetic field due to the reverse magnetization current. . By reversing and re-inverting the N and S polarities of the low coercivity permanent magnet 22 by this magnetizing current, the rotor 20 has the normal reverse saliency shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 and the order shown in FIGS. Can convert between saliency.

  In the state of the reverse saliency shown in FIG. 4, the magnetic polarities N and S of the permanent magnets 22 and 23 on both sides cancel each other in the d-axis direction dmg of the magnetic salient pole of the rotor core 21 so that the magnetic poles by the permanent magnets. Does not appear. The magnetic flux generated by the dmg direction component current (q-axis current) of the saliency is generated in the d-axis direction dmg of the saliency, and the magnetic resistance in the dmg direction is small, so the magnetic flux due to the dmg direction component current increases. In addition to the cruciform flow as the main magnetic flux, there is a magnetic flux dmg ′ that flows in the same direction as dmg so as to cross the iron core portion 26 between the V-shaped magnets. On the other hand, in the d-axis direction dfl of the magnetic flux of the rotor core 21, the same magnetic polarity N or S of the pair of permanent magnets 22 and 23 on both sides of the rotor core 21 is strengthened, and the strong magnetic pole N or S in the V-shaped central axis direction. Appears. At this time, the magnetic flux generated by the current in the V-shaped central axis direction component (d-axis current) is in the df1 direction of the magnet magnetic flux. However, since the df1 direction is a magnetic path including the thickness portion of the permanent magnet, the magnetic resistance increases (magnet resistance). As a result, the magnetic flux due to the current in the V-shaped central axis direction (d-axis current) is reduced. The difference between the magnetic fluxes generated by the currents of the two components generates a reluctance torque having a reverse saliency, and the current, the torque generated by the permanent magnet, and the reverse saliency reluctance torque are combined to form a motor torque.

  On the other hand, in the state of the forward collision polarity shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic pole of the low coercivity permanent magnet 22 is reversed, and the d-axis direction dfl of the magnetic flux of the rotor core 21 rotates 90 ° to rotate the rotor. A strong magnetic pole N or S appears in this direction along the d-axis direction dmg of the magnetic salient pole of the iron core 21. In other words, the magnetic flux df1 generated by the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux in the dmg direction generated by the current in the dmg direction component are strengthened. Since the magnetic resistance in the dmg direction is small, the saliency dmg direction magnetic flux generated by the current in the dmg direction component is large. On the other hand, no magnetic pole appears in the direction of the V-shaped central axis in the middle of each pair of permanent magnets 22 and 23 where the magnetic pole N or S appears in the reverse salient pole. At this time, the magnetic flux generated by the current in the V-shaped central axis direction includes a magnetic path including the thickness portion of the permanent magnet and the magnetic resistance increases, so the magnetic flux due to the current in the V-shaped direction component decreases. The difference between the magnetic fluxes generated by the two component currents generates reluctance torque having forward saliency, and the current, the torque generated by the permanent magnet, and the forward saliency reluctance torque are combined to form motor torque.

  In this way, the permanent magnet motor 1 according to the present embodiment can be switched between the reverse saliency and the forward saliency, and is operated by converting to the saliency at low speed and large torque. It converts to reverse saliency and operates by flux-weakening control.

  Next, a control circuit for reversing and re-inverting the magnetic pole polarity of the low coercivity permanent magnet 22 will be described with reference to FIG. In the permanent magnet motor control circuit 100 of FIG. 6, the code | symbol 101 respond | corresponds to the permanent magnet motor 1 of the said embodiment. This permanent magnet motor 101 is a three-phase motor. The permanent magnet motor control circuit 100 includes a rectifier 102 that rectifies a three-phase power source, and an inverter 103 that converts the rectified output of the rectifier 102 into a three-phase alternating current having a predetermined frequency and a predetermined voltage by PWM and supplies the AC to the permanent magnet motor 101. Yes.

  Further, the permanent magnet motor control circuit 100 includes a rotational speed detector 105 such as a resolver that detects the rotational speed ω of the motor 101, an integrator 106 that integrates the output of the rotational speed detector 105 to obtain a rotational angle θ, and an inverter. A current detector 107 for detecting a three-phase output current 107 and a DQ converter 108 for converting a detection signal of the current detector 107 by dq coordinate conversion and outputting a d-axis current Id and a q-axis current Iq are provided. Further, the permanent magnet motor control circuit 100 switches the d-axis current command IdNormalRef and the d-axis magnetizing current command IdMagRef during normal operation by an external magnetization mode switching signal and outputs the d-axis current command IdRef as a d-axis current command switching. 141, a q-axis current command switch 142 for switching the q-axis current command IqNormRef and the q-axis magnetization current command IqMagRef during normal operation by the external magnetization mode switching signal, and outputting the q-axis current command IqRef, and a DQ converter 108, the current control calculation is performed based on the difference between the d-axis current Id, q-axis current Iq and the d-axis current command IdRef, q-axis current command IqRef, and the motor speed ω, and the d-axis voltage command VdRef, q-axis voltage The current controller 109 for obtaining the command VqRef and the outputs of these current controllers 109 The UVW converter 110 that converts the d-axis voltage command VdRef and the q-axis voltage command VqRef into the UVW three-phase voltage command based on the motor rotation angle θ, and the PWM calculation (pulse) for the three-phase voltage command of the UVW converter 110 A PWM gate calculator 111 that performs a width modulation calculation and outputs a gate signal to the inverter 103.

  In this permanent magnet motor control circuit 100, the magnetization mode switching signal is not given during normal operation, and during normal operation, the d-axis current command switch 141 and the q-axis current command switch 142 are on the “0” side, and the input Current commands IdNormRef and IqNormRef during normal operation are output. On the other hand, the current controller 109 performs a current control calculation so that the motor currents Id and Iq by the DQ converter 108 coincide with the current commands IdNomRef and IqNormRef during normal operation, and outputs the voltage commands VdRef and VqRef. . The UVW converter 110 converts the d-axis voltage command VdRef and the q-axis voltage command VqRef into a UVW three-phase voltage command. The PWM gate calculator 111 performs PWM calculation on the three-phase voltage command, Output a signal. The inverter 103 generates a three-phase alternating current having a predetermined frequency and a predetermined voltage based on the PWM gate signal, supplies power to the permanent magnet motor 101, and rotates it at a predetermined speed.

  On the other hand, when magnetization reversal or magnetization reinversion is performed, a magnetization mode switching signal is input, and in response to this, each of the d-axis current command switch 141 and the q-axis current command switch 142 is on the “1” side, that is, the magnetization It switches to the current command side for a short time (for example, for 10 ms), and outputs positive IdMagRef and IqMagRef at the time of magnetization reversal, and outputs negative IdMagRef and IqMagRef at the time of magnetization reinversion. These d-axis magnetization current commands are commands for main currents that change the magnetic force of the low-coercivity permanent magnet 22 with variable magnetic force, and the q-axis magnetization current commands IqMagRef are necessary to suppress torque discontinuity during magnetization. Set accordingly. This may be set to the q-axis current command IqNormRef during normal operation.

  In the permanent magnet motor 1, the low coercivity permanent magnet 22 is reversed from the magnetization direction shown in FIG. 4 to the magnetization direction shown in FIG. 5 in accordance with the d-axis magnetization current command IdMagRef in the magnetization mode. Is switched to the forward salient pole state of FIG. When re-inversion from the forward salient pole state of FIG. 5 to the reverse salient pole state of FIG. 4, the d-axis magnetization current command IdMagRef is caused to flow in the reverse direction.

  Further, in the permanent magnet motor control circuit 100 according to the present embodiment, the d-axis magnetization current command IdMagRef can be set by changing the size, thereby increasing or decreasing the magnetization state of the low coercivity permanent magnet 22. Control to magnetize is also possible.

  As described above, according to the permanent magnet motor 1 of the present embodiment, a low coercivity permanent magnet 22 and a high coercivity permanent magnet 23 are embedded in the rotor core 21 as a pair, and between two adjacent permanent magnets. Since the permanent magnets 22 and 23 are arranged so that the magnetic pole core 25 can be formed, the low coercivity permanent magnets 22 are magnetized by the magnetic field generated by the armature current of the stator 10 to reverse the polarity. The permanent magnet motor 1 can be switched between a forward collision polarity and a reverse collision polarity by this polarity reversal, and there is an advantage that it can be operated by utilizing two different saliency polarities. . In addition, the demagnetization resistance of the permanent magnet is improved at a large torque, and a reluctance torque component is added by a weak magnetic flux control in a high-speed rotation range, resulting in a high output, and a high output and a wide range of variable speed operation are possible. Further, a permanent magnet with a reduced rare earth metal component can be applied.

  The present invention can be used for a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, and a railway of a transportation system, and can also be used for home appliances such as a wind power generation and an ocean current power generation of an energy system, an elevator of a social system, and an air conditioner.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Permanent magnet motor 10 Stator 11 Stator core 12 Slot 13 Winding 20 Rotor 21 Rotor core 22 Low coercivity permanent magnet 23 High coercivity permanent magnet 24 Magnetic shielding groove 25 Magnetic pole core part 100 Permanent magnet motor control circuit

Claims (13)

  A permanent magnet type comprising a stator comprising a stator core and armature windings, a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristics are variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet whose characteristics are not variable Rotating electric machine. It consists of a stator consisting of a stator core and armature winding, a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristics are variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet whose characteristics are not variable,
The permanent magnet with variable magnetization and the permanent magnet with fixed magnetization are embedded in a rotor core, and the low magnetic resistance (magnetic saliency) of the rotor core between the variable magnetization permanent magnet and the fixed magnetization permanent magnet. And a portion having a high magnetic resistance between the variable magnetization permanent magnet and the fixed magnetization permanent magnet are alternately formed. It consists of a stator consisting of a stator core and armature winding, a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristics are variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet whose characteristics are not variable,
The magnetization-variable permanent magnet and the magnetization-fixed permanent magnet are embedded in a V-shape in a rotor core, and the rotor core is disposed outside the V-shape between the magnetization-variable permanent magnet and the magnetization-fixed permanent magnet. A portion of low magnetic resistance (magnetic saliency) is provided, and a portion of high magnetic resistance inside the V shape sandwiched between the variable magnetization permanent magnet and the fixed magnetization permanent magnet is formed alternately. Permanent magnet type rotating electric machine. It consists of a stator consisting of a stator core and armature winding, a rotor having a permanent magnet whose characteristics are variable by an external magnetic field, and a permanent magnet whose characteristics are not variable,
The magnetization-variable permanent magnet and the magnetization-fixed permanent magnet are embedded in a V-shape in a rotor core, and the rotor core is disposed outside the V-shape between the magnetization-variable permanent magnet and the magnetization-fixed permanent magnet. A portion of low magnetic resistance (magnetic saliency) is provided, and a portion of high magnetic resistance inside the V shape sandwiched between the variable magnetization permanent magnet and the fixed magnetization permanent magnet is alternately formed in the V shape. A permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, wherein a non-magnetic portion is provided in a V-shaped inner portion sandwiched between arranged permanent magnets.   The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 4, wherein the nonmagnetic portion is a cavity.   The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a permanent magnet having a characteristic in which magnetization is variable by the external magnetic field is magnetized by a magnetic field generated by an armature current of the armature winding.   The permanent magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the magnetization variable permanent magnet is constituted by a low coercivity permanent magnet, and the magnetization fixed permanent magnet is constituted by a high coercivity permanent magnet. Rotary electric machine.   The permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 7, wherein the polarity of the low coercive force permanent magnet is reversed by a magnetic field generated by the armature current.   The polarity of the low-coercivity permanent magnet is reversed by a magnetic field generated by the armature current to convert to a forward saliency or a reverse saliency, and the forward saliency is set at a large torque. 8. A permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to 8.   The magnetic field generated by the armature current reverses the polarity of the low-coercivity permanent magnet to convert it to forward or reverse saliency, and to make forward collision polarity at low speed and large torque, and reverse collision at high speed and low torque. The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is polar.   The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the magnetization of the low coercivity permanent magnet is varied to vary the flux linkage of the permanent magnet.   The permanent magnet rotation according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is varied by varying the magnetization of the low coercivity permanent magnet with a magnetic field generated by the armature current. Electric.   The permanent magnet rotation according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the interlinkage magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is varied by varying the magnetization of the low-coercivity permanent magnet in a high-speed rotation range or light load. Electric.

Images