JP2015171781A - Method for manufacturing three-dimensional molded article, apparatus for manufacturing three-dimensional molded article, and three-dimensional molded article - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional molded article, which allows efficient manufacture of a three-dimensional molded article including information that can be read out if necessary but under normal conditions, that cannot be identified.SOLUTION: The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional molded article aims to manufacture a three-dimensional molded article by carrying out a plurality of times of layer formation steps where layers are formed by using a composition, so as to stack the layers. A substantial part of the three-dimensional molded article is formed by depositing a plurality of inks to a region to constitute the three-dimensional molded article, in which a virtual image formation pattern is formed by using at least one ink for forming a virtual image as the above ink. The virtual image formation pattern gives information to an observer when the three-dimensional molded article is observed by use of a lens assembly including a plurality of lenses, while the information cannot be observed by direct observation of the three-dimensional molded article.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, a three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus, and a three-dimensional structure.

  Conventionally, for example, a method of forming a three-dimensional structure based on a model of a three-dimensional object generated by three-dimensional CAD software or the like is known.

  As one method for forming a three-dimensional structure, a lamination method is known. In the laminating method, generally, after a model of a three-dimensional object is divided into a number of two-dimensional cross-sectional layers, the cross-sectional members corresponding to each two-dimensional cross-sectional layer are sequentially formed, and the cross-sectional members are sequentially laminated to obtain the tertiary Form the original model.

  The lamination method can be formed immediately as long as there is a model of the 3D model to be modeled, and there is no need to create a mold prior to modeling, so 3D can be done quickly and inexpensively. It is possible to form a shaped object. In addition, since thin plate-like cross-sectional members are laminated one by one, for example, even a complex object having an internal structure can be formed as an integrated shaped object without being divided into a plurality of parts. .

  Moreover, in the lamination method, a plurality of types of three-dimensional structures can be suitably manufactured with the same apparatus.

  As such a lamination method, for example, there is a method as described in Patent Document 1.

  However, conventionally, the individual management when a plurality of types of three-dimensional structures are manufactured is performed by an operator, and depending on the shape, material, etc. of the three-dimensional structure, Confirmation and management are difficult, and in some cases, there is a risk of mistaking the three-dimensional structure.

  In addition, it is conceivable to attach a sheet material on which predetermined information is described or to print predetermined information. In such a case, the appearance of the three-dimensional structure is adversely affected. In addition, for the purpose of preventing counterfeiting, etc., the prescribed information can be read when necessary, but normally the information cannot be read or the user does not want to know that the information is written. There is.

JP-A-6-218712

  An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary, but cannot be identified in a normal state, and to efficiently manufacture the three-dimensional structure. It is providing the manufacturing method of a three-dimensional structure, and also providing the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus which can manufacture the said three-dimensional structure efficiently.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention described below.
The method for producing a three-dimensional structure of the present invention is a method for producing a three-dimensional structure by performing a layer forming step of forming a layer using a composition a plurality of times, and laminating the layers.
By applying a plurality of types of ink to the region that is to constitute the three-dimensional structure, the solid part of the three-dimensional structure is formed,
When the virtual image forming pattern formed using at least one type of virtual image forming ink as the ink is observed with the three-dimensional structure using a lens assembly including a plurality of lens bodies, the tertiary It is characterized in that information that cannot be obtained by the observer when the original object is directly observed is given to the observer.

  Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure that can efficiently manufacture a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary but cannot be identified in a normal state. .

  In the three-dimensional structure manufacturing method of the present invention, it is preferable to form the virtual image forming pattern in a region of 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm in the depth direction from the surface of the three-dimensional structure.

  Thereby, the stereoscopic effect (depth feeling) of the virtual image obtained by the virtual image forming pattern can be made particularly excellent, and information by the virtual image forming pattern can be given to the user and the like stably over a longer period of time. it can.

In the three-dimensional structure manufacturing method of the present invention, it is preferable that the virtual image forming patterns are respectively formed in a plurality of portions having different depths from the surface of the three-dimensional structure.
Thereby, several different information can be obtained suitably.

  In the three-dimensional structure manufacturing method of the present invention, it is preferable that the virtual image forming ink includes a fluorescent material.

  As a result, it is possible to easily and reliably read information based on a virtual image using a predetermined light source when necessary, while effectively preventing adverse effects on the appearance of the three-dimensional structure under a normal environment. .

  In the three-dimensional structure manufacturing method of the present invention, it is preferable that the composition includes particles.

  Thereby, the dimensional accuracy, heat resistance, mechanical strength, etc. of the three-dimensional structure can be made particularly excellent.

  In the three-dimensional structure manufacturing method of the present invention, the composition is preferably a curable ink ejected by an inkjet method.

  Thereby, the waste of the material accompanying manufacture of a three-dimensional structure can be prevented and suppressed, and the productivity of the three-dimensional structure can be made particularly excellent.

  In the three-dimensional structure manufacturing method of the present invention, the information is preferably identification information of the three-dimensional structure.

  Thereby, individual management can be performed easily and reliably about the some three-dimensional structure to be manufactured.

The three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is a three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional structure by laminating layers using the composition,
A stage on which the layer is formed;
A plurality of types of ink application means for applying a plurality of types of ink to the region to constitute the three-dimensional structure,
As the ink applying means, at least one virtual image ink applying means for applying a virtual image forming ink is provided,
When the virtual image forming pattern formed using at least one type of virtual image forming ink as the ink is observed with the three-dimensional structure using a lens assembly including a plurality of lens bodies, the tertiary It is characterized in that information that cannot be obtained by the observer when the original object is directly observed is given to the observer.

  Accordingly, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus that can efficiently manufacture a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary but cannot be identified in a normal state. .

  In the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the virtual image ink application unit includes an apparatus that ejects ink containing a fluorescent material.

  As a result, it is possible to easily and reliably read information based on a virtual image using a predetermined light source when necessary, while effectively preventing adverse effects on the appearance of the three-dimensional structure under a normal environment. .

  The three-dimensional structure according to the present invention is manufactured using the method according to the present invention.

  Accordingly, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary, but cannot be identified in a normal state.

  The three-dimensional structure of the present invention is manufactured using the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

  Accordingly, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary, but cannot be identified in a normal state.

It is sectional drawing which shows each process typically about 1st Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows each process typically about 1st Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the virtual image formed typically. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the structure of the lens assembly for making a virtual image appear, and the pattern for virtual image formation, (a) is a figure which shows the structure of a lens assembly (microlens array), (b) Is an enlarged view of the lens assembly (microlens array), (c) is a diagram showing the configuration of the pixel assembly, (d) is an enlarged view of the pixel assembly, and (e) is a lens assembly (micro). The figure which shows the state which piled up the lens assembly and the pixel assembly, (f) is an enlarged view of the state which piled up the lens assembly (micro lens array) and the pixel assembly. It is a figure which shows the structure of the pixel unit as a pixel aggregate | assembly and its structural unit, (a) is a figure which shows the structure of a pixel aggregate | assembly, (b) shows the structure of the pixel unit which comprises a pixel aggregate | assembly. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating a pixel unit, (a), (b), (c), and (d) are explanatory drawings which showed the pixel unit by the pixel dot, (e), (f), (g ) And (h) are explanatory diagrams showing pixel units in pixel dot sections. It is a figure for demonstrating correction | amendment of the number of pixel dots, (a) is a flowchart which shows the process of correct | amending the number of pixel dots, (b) is the number of pixel dots etc. which are used in the process of correcting the number of pixel dots. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of a mask, (a) is a figure which shows the example of a random dither mask, (b) is an enlarged view of the random dither mask shown to (a), (c) is Fibonacci. It is a figure which shows the example of the non-overlapping spiral arrangement | positioning using a numerical sequence. It is a figure for demonstrating the pixel unit of a pixel assembly, (a) is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the pixel unit of a reference | standard pixel assembly, (b) is a pixel of the pixel assembly which reduced the pixel dot. An explanatory diagram showing an example of a unit, (c) is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a pixel unit of a pixel aggregate with increased pixel dots, and (d) is an explanatory diagram of a pixel unit of a pixel aggregate with decreased pixel dots. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example. It is a figure for demonstrating arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in a pixel assembly, (a) is explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in the pixel assembly which has not performed gradation adjustment, (b) is ( Explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in the adjustment pixel assembly which adjusted the gradation in the pixel assembly shown to a), (c) is that the background color is arrange | positioned in the background part, and gradation adjustment is implemented Explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in the pixel assembly which is not performed, (d), (e), and (f) in the adjustment pixel assembly which adjusted the gradation in the pixel assembly shown in (c) It is explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pixel unit. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between a random dither mask and the pixel unit in an adjustment pixel aggregate, (a) is explanatory drawing of a random dither mask, (b) is arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in an adjustment pixel aggregate. It is explanatory drawing shown. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between a random dither mask and the pixel unit in an adjustment pixel aggregate, (a) is explanatory drawing of a random dither mask, (b) is arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in an adjustment pixel aggregate. It is explanatory drawing shown. It is sectional drawing which shows each process typically about 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows each process typically about 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically 1st Embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically 2nd Embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the state in the layer (composition for three-dimensional modeling) just before a binding liquid provision process. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the state which the particle | grains couple | bonded with the hydrophobic binder.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
<Method for producing three-dimensional structure>
First, the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure according to the present invention will be described.

<< First Embodiment >>
1 and 2 are cross-sectional views schematically showing each step in the first embodiment of the method for producing a three-dimensional structure of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a virtual image to be formed. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a lens assembly and a virtual image forming pattern for making a virtual image appear, and (a) is a diagram showing the configuration of the lens assembly (microlens array). (B) is an enlarged view of a lens assembly (microlens array), (c) is a view showing a configuration of the pixel assembly, (d) is an enlarged view of the pixel assembly, and (e) is a lens. The figure which shows the state which overlap | superposed the aggregate | assembly (microlens array) and the pixel aggregate, (f) is an enlarged view of the state which overlap | superposed the lens aggregate (microlens array) and the pixel aggregate. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the configuration of the pixel aggregate and the pixel unit as its constituent unit, where FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the pixel aggregate, and FIG. 5B is a pixel unit that constitutes the pixel aggregate. FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the pixel unit. (A), (b), (c), and (d) are explanatory diagrams showing the pixel unit with pixel dots, and (e), (f) ), (G), and (h) are explanatory diagrams showing pixel units in pixel dot sections. 7A and 7B are diagrams for explaining the correction of the pixel dot number. FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating a process of correcting the pixel dot number, and FIG. 7B is a pixel dot used in the process of correcting the pixel dot number. FIG. 8A and 8B are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the mask. FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of a random dither mask, FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of the random dither mask shown in FIG. ) Is a diagram illustrating an example of a non-overlapping spiral arrangement using a Fibonacci sequence. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a pixel unit of a pixel aggregate, (a) is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a pixel unit of a reference pixel aggregate, and (b) is a pixel in which pixel dots are reduced. An explanatory diagram showing an example of a pixel unit of an aggregate, (c) is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a pixel unit of a pixel aggregate with increased pixel dots, and (d) is a pixel aggregate with decreased pixel dots It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of this pixel unit. 10A and 10B are diagrams for explaining the arrangement of the pixel units in the pixel assembly, and FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement of the pixel units in the pixel assembly in which gradation adjustment is not performed. ) Is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement of pixel units in the adjusted pixel assembly in which the gradation is adjusted in the pixel assembly shown in (a), and (c) is a diagram in which the background color is arranged in the background portion, and the gradation Explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in the pixel assembly which has not implemented adjustment of (d), (e), and (f) are the adjustments which adjusted the gradation in the pixel assembly shown in (c) It is explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of the pixel unit in a pixel assembly. 11A and 11B are diagrams for explaining the relationship between the random dither mask and the pixel units in the adjustment pixel assembly, where FIG. 11A is an explanatory diagram of the random dither mask, and FIG. 11B is a pixel in the adjustment pixel assembly. It is explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a unit. 12A and 12B are diagrams for explaining the relationship between the random dither mask and the pixel unit in the adjustment pixel assembly, where FIG. 12A is an explanatory diagram of the random dither mask, and FIG. 12B is a pixel in the adjustment pixel assembly. It is explanatory drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a unit.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the manufacturing method of the present embodiment uses a composition P11 containing particles P111 to give a predetermined thickness to a region surrounded by a side support part (frame body) 45. The layer formation process (1a, 1d) for forming the layer P1 having, the binding liquid application process (1b, 1e) for applying the binding liquid P12 to the layer P1, and the layer P1 by the inkjet method. Curing step (bonding step) (1c, forming a cured portion (substance portion) P13 in the layer P1 by curing the binder P121 contained in the binding liquid (ink) P12 and bonding the particles P111. 1f), and sequentially repeating these steps, and then removing unbound particles (1h) that are not bound by the binder P121 among the particles P111 constituting each layer P1. )have.

  A plurality of types of inks are used as the binding liquid (ink) P12. That is, the first ink (virtual image forming ink) P12A and the second ink P12B are used.

Hereinafter, each step will be described.
<Layer formation process>
In the layer forming step, a layer P1 having a predetermined thickness is formed using a composition (composition for three-dimensional modeling) P11 including the particles P111 (1a, 1d).

  Thus, the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be improved by using the composition P11 containing the particles P111. Further, the heat resistance and mechanical strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

The composition P11 will be described in detail later.
In this step, the layer P1 is formed with a flattened surface using a flattening means.

  In the first layer formation step, the layer P1 is formed on the surface of the stage 41 with a predetermined thickness (1a). At this time, the side surface of the stage 41 and the side surface support portion 45 are in close contact (contact), and the composition P11 is prevented from falling from between the stage 41 and the side surface support portion 45. .

  In the second and subsequent layer formation steps, a new layer P1 (second layer) is formed on the surface of the layer P1 (first layer) formed in the previous step (1d). At this time, the side surface of the layer P1 of the stage 41 (at least the uppermost layer P1 when there are a plurality of layers P1 on the stage 41) and the side surface support portion 45 are in close contact (contact). Thus, the composition P11 is prevented from falling from between the stage 41 and the layer P1 on the stage 41.

  In this step, the composition P11 may be heated. Thereby, for example, in the case where the composition P11 includes a molten component, the composition P11 can be more suitably pasty.

  The viscosity of the composition P11 in this step (value measured using an E-type viscometer (VISCONIC ELD manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd.)) is preferably from 7000 mPa · s to 60000 mPa · s, and preferably from 10,000 mPa · s to 50000 mPa. -More preferably, it is s or less. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the unintentional dispersion | variation in the film thickness in the layer P1 formed can be prevented more effectively.

  The thickness of the layer P1 formed in this step is not particularly limited. For example, the thickness is preferably 30 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and more preferably 70 μm or more and 150 μm or less. Thereby, while making the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 sufficiently excellent, the occurrence of unintentional irregularities in the manufactured three-dimensional structure P10 is more effectively prevented, and the three-dimensional structure P10 The dimensional accuracy can be made particularly excellent.

<Binding liquid application process>
After forming the layer P1 in the layer forming step, a binding liquid P12 for binding the particles P111 constituting the layer P1 is applied to the layer P1 by an inkjet method (1b, 1e).

  In this step, the binding liquid P12 is selectively applied only to a portion of the layer P1 corresponding to the real part (substantial portion) of the three-dimensional structure P10.

  Thereby, the granular material P111 which comprises the layer P1 can be couple | bonded firmly, and the hardening part (substance part) P13 of a desired shape can be finally formed. Moreover, the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made excellent.

  In this step, since the binding liquid P12 is applied by an ink jet method, the binding liquid P12 can be applied with good reproducibility even if the application pattern of the binding liquid P12 has a fine shape. As a result, the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly high.

  In this step, the first ink (virtual image forming ink) P12A and the second ink P12B are used as the binding liquid (ink) P12.

  Thereby, the virtual image forming pattern P13A having a desired shape can be formed in the three-dimensional structure P10 while manufacturing the three-dimensional structure P10 as having a desired shape.

The virtual image forming pattern P13A will be described in detail later.
The binding liquid P12 (first ink P12A and second ink P12B) will also be described in detail later.

<Curing process (bonding process)>
After the binding liquid P12 is applied to the layer P1 in the binding liquid application step, the binder P121 contained in the binding liquid P12 (the first ink P12A and the second ink P12B) applied to the layer P1 is cured. Then, a hardened portion (substance portion) P13 is formed (1c, 1f). That is, in the layer P1, the part to which the first ink P12A is applied becomes the first substance part (virtual image forming pattern) P13A, and the part to which the second ink P12B is given is the second substance part. P13B. Thereby, the bond strength between the binder P121 and the particles P111 can be made particularly excellent, and as a result, the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 is made particularly excellent. Can do.

  Further, as described above, since the first ink P12A and the second ink P12B are used as the binding liquid (ink) P12 in the binding liquid application process, a virtual image having a desired shape is used in this process. A formation pattern P13A is formed.

  Although this process differs depending on the type of the binder P121, for example, when the binder P121 is a thermosetting resin, it can be performed by heating. When the binder P121 is a photocurable resin, irradiation with corresponding light. (For example, when the binder P121 is an ultraviolet curable resin, it can be performed by ultraviolet irradiation).

  In addition, you may perform a binding liquid provision process and a hardening process simultaneously. That is, before the entire pattern of one layer P1 is formed, the curing reaction may be sequentially advanced from the portion to which the binding liquid P12 is applied.

  Further, for example, when the binder P121 is not a curable component, this step can be omitted. In this case, the binding liquid application process described above also serves as the bonding process.

<Unbound particle removal step>
And after performing repeatedly the above processes, as a post-processing process, unbound particle removal which removes the thing (unbound particle) which is not bound by binder P121 among particles P111 which constitute each layer P1 Step (1h) is performed. Thereby, the three-dimensional structure P10 is taken out.

  As a specific method of this step, for example, a method of removing unbound particles with a brush, a method of removing unbound particles by suction, a method of blowing a gas such as air, a method of applying a liquid such as water ( Examples thereof include a method of immersing the laminate obtained as described above in a liquid, a method of spraying a liquid, and a method of applying vibration such as ultrasonic vibration. Moreover, it can carry out combining 2 or more types of methods selected from these. More specifically, there are a method of immersing in a liquid such as water after blowing a gas such as air, a method of applying ultrasonic vibration in a state of immersing in a liquid such as water, and the like. Especially, it is preferable to employ | adopt the method (especially the method of immersing in the liquid containing water) which provides the liquid containing water with respect to the laminated body obtained as mentioned above.

<Virtual image formation pattern and virtual image>
Hereinafter, the virtual image (information) obtained from the virtual image forming pattern and the virtual image forming pattern will be described in detail.

  The virtual image forming pattern includes a pixel aggregate (unit aggregate) P2. In particular, the configuration shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 includes pixel assemblies P2a, P2b, P2c, and P2d.

  The pixel aggregate P2 is a regular two-dimensional array of a plurality of pixel units P21.

  Each pixel assembly P2 gives a virtual image P7 when a three-dimensional structure P10 is observed using a lens assembly (microlens array) P5 including a plurality of lens bodies (microlenses) P51. It is. Then, by combining these virtual images (pixel virtual images) P7, information that cannot be obtained by the observer when the three-dimensional structure P10 is directly observed is given to the observer.

  The microlens array P5 is a plurality of microlenses P51 regularly arranged two-dimensionally.

  In FIG. 3, a character A, a character B, a character C, and a character D are illustrated as an example of a virtual image (pixel virtual image) P7 to be formed. Hereinafter, virtual images (pixel virtual image P7) having the shapes of character A, character B, character C, and character D are denoted as pixel virtual image P7a, pixel virtual image P7b, pixel virtual image P7c, and pixel virtual image P7d, respectively. An area where one pixel virtual image P7 is formed is referred to as a virtual image area (aggregate area) P18. A virtual image region (aggregate region) P18 in which the pixel virtual image P7a, pixel virtual image P7b, pixel virtual image P7c, and pixel virtual image P7d are formed is a virtual image region (aggregate region) P18a, a virtual image region (aggregate region) P18b, and a virtual image, respectively. The region (aggregate region) P18c and the virtual image region (aggregate region) P18d are described.

  The microlens array P5 is formed by arranging microlenses P51 in a lattice shape at equal pitch intervals. A microlens array P5 is formed in a region indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4B, in the microlens array P5, the microlenses P51 are arranged vertically and horizontally at a pitch X1. In the microlens array P5, for example, 2525 microlenses P51 are formed in 45 rows × 45 columns. The pitch X1 is, for example, 180 μm.

  A region surrounded by a two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 4C shows one virtual image region P18. One pixel assembly P2 is formed in one virtual image region P18. The pixel aggregate P2 formed in the virtual image area P18a, the virtual image area P18b, the virtual image area P18c, and the virtual image area P18d are respectively expressed as a pixel aggregate P2a, a pixel aggregate P2b, a pixel aggregate P2c, and a pixel aggregate P2d. . As shown in FIG. 4D, in the pixel aggregate P2, pixel units P21 are arranged vertically and horizontally at a pitch X2. The pitch X2 and the pitch X1 are pitch X1 × (number of rows or columns of the microlens P51 in the microlens array P5−1) = pitch X2 × (number of rows or columns of the pixel unit P21 in the pixel assembly P2). It is set to a value that satisfies the relationship. The pixel aggregate P2 shown in FIG. 4D is a pixel aggregate P2a, and pixel units P21a having a substantially similar shape to the pixel virtual image P7a are arranged at a pitch X2. The pixel aggregate P2b, the pixel aggregate P2c, and the pixel aggregate P2d illustrated in FIG. 4C are respectively a pixel virtual image P7b, a pixel virtual image P7c, and a pixel unit P21b and a pixel unit P21c having substantially similar shapes to the pixel virtual image P7d. Pixel units P21d are arranged at a pitch X2.

  In the pixel assembly P2, for example, 2525 pixel units P21 are formed in 45 rows × 45 columns. The pitch X2 is, for example, 176 μm.

  As shown in FIG. 4E, the pixel virtual image P7 appears by superimposing the microlens array P5 and the virtual image forming pattern (pixel assembly) P13A. A set of the microlens array P5 and the pixel aggregate P2 that causes the pixel virtual image P7 to appear is referred to as a virtual image unit P8. The virtual image unit P8 that makes the pixel virtual image P7a, the pixel virtual image P7b, the pixel virtual image P7c, and the pixel virtual image P7d appear is expressed as a virtual image unit P8a, a virtual image unit P8b, a virtual image unit P8c, and a virtual image unit P8d, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 4F, when the pixel virtual image P7 appears, in the virtual image unit P8 (virtual image unit P8a), the microlens P510 of the microlens array P5 and the pixel unit P210 of the pixel aggregate P2 But the centers are coincident. The micro lens (lens body) P510 is the micro lens P51 at the center of the micro lens array P5, and the pixel unit (unit assembly) P210 is the pixel unit P21 at the center of the pixel assembly P2. The center position of the microlens P51 adjacent to the microlens P510 and the pixel unit P21 adjacent to the pixel unit P210 are shifted by an amount corresponding to the difference between the pitch X1 and the pitch X2. When P1 is 180 μm and the pitch X2 is 176 μm, the deviation is 4 μm.

  At the end of the virtual image unit P8, the center position of the pixel unit P21 constituting the end row or column in the row or column of the pixel unit P21 included in the pixel assembly P2 is the row of the microlens P51 included in the microlens array P5 or It is located at the midpoint between the center position of the microlens P51 constituting the end row or column in the column and the center position of the microlens P51 constituting the second row or column from the end.

  With such a configuration, by observing the three-dimensional structure P10 using the lens assembly P5, a virtual image of a part of the pixel unit P21 is formed by the microlens P51 corresponding to the pixel unit P21. In the virtual image unit P8, the portion of the pixel unit P21 formed as a virtual image is different for each microlens P51 corresponding to the pixel unit P21. Therefore, in the virtual image unit P8, a pixel virtual image P7 in which the pixel unit P21 is enlarged by the microlens P51 is formed so as to be visible.

Next, the configuration of the pixel unit P21 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5A is the same diagram as FIG. In the configuration shown in FIG. 5A, the three-dimensional structure P10 includes four virtual image regions P18. As described with reference to FIG. 4C, one pixel aggregate P2 is formed in one virtual image region P18. In the virtual image area P18a, the virtual image area P18b, the virtual image area P18c, and the virtual image area P18d, a pixel aggregate P2a, a pixel aggregate P2b, a pixel aggregate P2c, and a pixel aggregate P2d are formed, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 5B, the pixel aggregate P2a has 2025 pixel units P21a with 45 rows × 45 columns. The arrangement pitch of the pixel units P21a is, for example, 176 μm for both the row pitch and the column pitch. The same applies to the pixel aggregate P2 other than the pixel aggregate P2a, such as the pixel aggregate P2b. In the pixel assembly P2b, the pixel assembly P2c, and the pixel assembly P2d, 2025 pixel units P21b, pixel units P21c, or pixel units P21d are formed in 45 rows × 45 columns.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the pixel unit P21a is formed by arranging 16 pixel dots P22 in a predetermined positional relationship. The pixel unit P21 forms one pixel unit P21 in the pixel unit region P211 in which the pixel dots P22 can be arranged in 16 rows × 16 columns. In FIG. 6E, the pixel unit region P211 is shown divided into pixel dot sections P221 of 16 rows × 16 columns. A pixel dot section P221 corresponding to the pixel dot P22 in the pixel dot section P221 is referred to as a pixel section P221a. A pixel dot section P221 corresponding to the background portion of the pixel unit P21 is referred to as a background section P221b. As shown in FIG. 6E, the pixel unit P21a is formed by arranging 16 pixel sections P221a at predetermined relative positions. In the pixel unit region P211a where the pixel unit P21a is formed, there are 16 × 16−16 = 240 background sections P221b.

  As shown in FIG. 6B, the pixel unit P21b is formed by arranging 18 pixel dots P22 in a predetermined positional relationship. As shown in FIG. 6F, the pixel unit P21b is formed by arranging 18 pixel sections P221a at predetermined relative positions. In the pixel unit region P211b where the pixel unit P21b is formed, there are 238 background sections P221b.

  As shown in FIG. 6C, the pixel unit P21c is formed by arranging 15 pixel dots P22 in a predetermined positional relationship. As shown in FIG. 6G, the pixel unit P21c is formed by arranging 15 pixel sections P221a at predetermined relative positions. In the pixel unit region P211c where the pixel unit P21c is formed, there are 241 background sections P221b.

  As shown in FIG. 6D, the pixel unit P21d is formed by arranging 18 pixel dots P22 in a predetermined positional relationship. As shown in FIG. 6H, the pixel unit P21d is formed by arranging 18 pixel sections P221a at predetermined relative positions. In the pixel unit region P211d where the pixel unit P21d is formed, there are 238 background sections P221b.

  Note that the pixel dot P22 and the pixel dot section P221 schematically show elements constituting the pixel unit P21 for easy understanding of the description. The pixel dot P22 corresponds to a landing point, and the pixel dot section P221 corresponds to a landing region formed by spreading and spreading droplets.

  By appropriately determining the discharge weight per one droplet to be discharged, it is possible to dispose the ink without any gap. As the landed droplet spreads wet, the pixel unit P21 has a shape formed by connecting pixel dots P22 or pixel dot sections P221. The pixel aggregate P2 that is a set of the pixel units P21 is visually recognized as a virtual image through the microlens array P5, so that it is visually recognized as a pixel virtual image P7 as illustrated in FIG.

  The total number of pixel dots P22 in the pixel aggregate (unit aggregate) P2 is set to the total number of pixel dots P22 in the reference unit aggregate (for example, pixel aggregate P2a) that is the reference pixel aggregate (unit aggregate) P2. You may correct | amend so that it may approach.

  Thereby, the following effects are obtained. That is, in the microlens array P5, there is a portion (lens body portion) where the transmitted light is not collected between the adjacent microlenses P51. A virtual image of the pixel unit P21 is formed by the light condensed by passing through the microlens P51. On the other hand, the light transmitted through the lens body part is light from a part other than the part that can be visually recognized through the microlens P51 in the pixel unit P21, and the light transmitted through the lens body part affects the gradation of the virtual image. give. The amount of light transmitted through the inter-lens portion is affected by the pixel dot P22 disposed in a portion other than the portion visible through the microlens P51 in the pixel dot P22 constituting the image of the pixel unit P21. The image portion of the virtual image is the pixel dot P22 visually recognized through the micro lens P51, and the gradation of the image portion of the virtual image is substantially the gradation of the pixel dot P22 itself. The background portion of the virtual image is the background portion of the pixel unit P21 visually recognized through the micro lens P51, and the gradation of the background portion of the virtual image is substantially the gradation of the background portion of the pixel unit P21. In many cases, the image of the pixel unit P21 is formed by arranging pixel dots of dark gradation in a light gradation background color. For this reason, the gradation difference of the virtual image due to the influence of the light transmitted through the lens body portion is noticeable in the background portion in the virtual image. Accordingly, the gradation of the background portion of the virtual image is different depending on the number of pixel dots P22 in the pixel unit P21. In other words, the gradation of the virtual image is a gradation determined depending on the total number of pixel dots P22 constituting the pixel aggregate (unit aggregate) P2.

  The total number of pixel dots P22 in the pixel group (unit group) P2 may be corrected so as to approach the total number of pixel dots P22 in the reference unit group (for example, pixel group P2a). Thereby, the gradation of each virtual image can be brought close to each other.

Such correction can be performed as follows, for example.
First, the total number of pixel dots P22 in the pixel aggregate P2 is obtained (see step S21 in FIG. 7A). The pixel unit P21a, the pixel unit P21b, the pixel unit P21c, and the pixel unit P21d illustrated in FIG. 7B are the pixel unit P21 described with reference to FIG.

  V1 shown in FIG. 7B is the number of pixel dots P22 (pixel section P221a) in the pixel unit P21. As described with reference to FIG. 6, the pixel unit P21a, the pixel unit P21b, the pixel unit P21c, and the pixel unit P21d each have 16, 18, 15, and 18 pixel dots P22 (pixel partition P221a). have.

  V2 shown in FIG. 7B is the number of pixel dots P22 (pixel section P221a) in the pixel aggregate P2. The pixel aggregate P2 includes 2025 pixel units P21. V2 = V1 × 2025. V2 of the pixel aggregate P2a, pixel aggregate P2b, pixel aggregate P2c, and pixel aggregate P2d is 32400, 36450, 30375, and 36450, respectively.

  V3 shown in FIG. 7B is the number of pixel dot sections P221 (positions where the pixel dots P22 can be arranged) in the pixel aggregate P2. Since the pixel unit P21 includes a pixel dot section P221 of 16 rows and 16 columns, and the pixel assembly P2 includes a pixel unit P21 of 45 rows and 45 columns, V3 is 518400 in each pixel assembly P2.

  V4 shown in FIG. 7B is the number of pixel sections P221a (pixel dots P22) corresponding to the gradation difference of one gradation of the gradation of the pixel assembly P2. V4 = 518400/256 = 2025 when the 518400 pixel dot sections P221 are all pixel sections P221a and the 518400 pixel dot sections P221 are all background sections P221b in 256 gradations. The number of pixel sections P221a (pixel dots P22) corresponding to the gradation difference of one gradation of the gradation of the pixel assembly P2 is 2025. In the pixel assembly P2, the gradation of the pixel assembly P2 changes by one gradation by increasing or decreasing 2025 pixel sections P221a (pixel dots P22).

  V5 shown in FIG. 7B is an occupation ratio (%) of the pixel section P221a in the pixel aggregate P2. V5 = V2 / V3 × 100. V5 of the pixel aggregate P2a, pixel aggregate P2b, pixel aggregate P2c, and pixel aggregate P2d is 6.25%, 7.03%, 5.86%, or 7.03%, respectively.

Next, a reference pixel aggregate is selected (see step S22 in FIG. 7A). As a reference pixel aggregate, for example, when there is a preferable gradation as the pixel aggregate P2, the pixel aggregate P2 having the gradation is selected. In the present embodiment, among the pixel aggregate P2a, the pixel aggregate P2b, the pixel aggregate P2c, and the pixel aggregate P2d, a pixel in which the occupation ratio (%) of the pixel section P221a in the pixel aggregate P2 is an intermediate value The set P2a is selected as the reference pixel set.
The pixel aggregate P2a corresponds to a reference unit aggregate.

  Next, the difference between the occupancy (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a in the pixel assembly P2 and the occupancy (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a in the reference pixel assembly is obtained (FIG. 7A). Step S23).

  V6 shown in FIG. 7B is the occupancy rate (%) of the pixel section P221a in the pixel group P2a selected as the reference pixel group, based on the occupancy ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a in the pixel group P2. ) (V5). V6 of the pixel aggregate P2b, pixel aggregate P2c, and pixel aggregate P2d is + 0.78%, −0.39%, and + 0.78%, respectively.

  Next, the occupation ratio (%) difference V6 is converted into a gradation difference (see step S24 in FIG. 7A).

  V7 shown in FIG. 7B is obtained by converting V6, which is the difference between the occupancy rate (%) of the pixel section P221a in the pixel assembly P2 and the occupancy rate (%) in the reference pixel assembly, into a gradation difference. This is the gradation difference between the gradation of the pixel assembly P2 and the gradation of the reference pixel assembly. As described above, V7 = V6 × 256/100 when the gradation from the case where all 518400 pixel dot sections P221 are the pixel section P221a to the case where all 518400 pixel dot sections P221 are the background section P221b is 256 gradations. It is. V7 of the pixel aggregate P2b, pixel aggregate P2c, and pixel aggregate P2d is +2, -1, and +2, respectively.

  Next, a correction gradation for correcting the gradation difference V7 is calculated (see step S25 in FIG. 7A).

  When the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is smaller than the reference pixel aggregate, a part of the background section P221b is set as the pixel section P221a in order to correct the gradation difference V7. A pixel dot section P221 obtained by changing the background section P221b to the pixel section P221a is referred to as a corrected pixel section P222a (see FIG. 9C).

  V8 shown in FIG. 7B is a calculated value of the corrected gradation for correcting the gradation difference V7. The number of correction pixel sections P222a in the pixel assembly P2 is the product of the gradation difference (V7) and the number (V4) of pixel sections P221a (pixel dots P22) corresponding to a gradation difference of one gradation. . When the position of the correction pixel section P222a is randomly selected, the position may be the pixel section P221a. As the value of the correction gradation (V8), a value that can correct the gradation difference (V7) is obtained except when the position selected as the position of the correction pixel section P222a is the pixel section P221a. In this case, V8 = (V4 × V7) × (V3 / (V3−V2)) / V4. The pixel aggregate P2c has 30375 V2 and is smaller than V2 of the pixel aggregate P2a. V8 in the pixel aggregate P2c is V8 = (2025 × 1) × (518400 / (518400-30375)) / 2025 = 1.062. In FIG. 7B, “+” added before the number indicates that the pixel section P221a is increased. In the calculation, V7 uses the absolute value of the number shown in FIG.

  When the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is larger than the reference pixel aggregate, a part of the pixel section P221a is set as the background section P221b in order to correct the gradation difference V7. A pixel dot section P221 in which the pixel section P221a is changed to the background section P221b is referred to as a corrected background section P222b (see FIG. 9A).

  V8 shown in FIG. 7B is a calculated value of the corrected gradation for correcting the gradation difference V7. The number of corrected background sections P222b in the pixel aggregate P2 is the product of the gradation difference (V7) and the number (V4) of pixel sections P221a (pixel dots P22) corresponding to one gradation difference. When the position of the corrected background section P222b is selected at random, the position may be the background section P221b. As the value of the correction gradation (V8), a value capable of correcting the gradation difference (V7) is obtained except when the position selected as the position of the correction background section P222b is the background section P221b. In this case, V8 = (V4 × V7) × (V3 / V2) / V4. The pixel aggregate P2b has 36450 V2 and is larger than the pixel aggregate P2a. V8 in the pixel aggregate P2b is V8 = − (2025 × 2) × (518400/36450)) / 2025 = −28.444. “-” Attached to the front of the number indicates that the pixel section P221a is to be reduced.

  V8 in the pixel aggregate P2d is also V8 = − (2025 × 2) × (518400/36450)) / 2025 = −28.444. In the calculation, V7 uses the absolute value of the number shown in FIG.

  V9 shown in FIG. 7B is an application value of the correction gradation obtained by approximating the calculation value V8 of the correction gradation to an integer.

  V9 in the pixel aggregate P2b is set to V9 = −28 from V8 = −28.444. V9 in the pixel aggregate P2d is also set to V9 = −28 from V8 = −28.444. V9 in the pixel aggregate P2c is set to V9 = 1 from V8 = 1.062.

  Next, a random mask is formed (see step S26 in FIG. 7A). The random mask shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B is a random dither mask P94. The random dither mask P94 is a mask in which the positions of points are randomly arranged using a dither method. The random mask shown in FIG. 8C is a random mask P95 in which the positions of the points are randomly arranged by arranging the positions of the points on the non-overlapping spiral arrangement coordinates using the Fibonacci sequence.

  By setting the number of points to be arranged to 1/256, for example, with respect to the number of points that can be arranged, a random mask corresponding to one gradation of 256 gradations can be formed. In the pixel aggregate P2c, V9 = 1. The random mask for correcting the number of pixel dots P22 of the pixel aggregate P2c is a mask in which the positions of 518400/256 = 2025 points are randomly arranged with respect to the positions of V3 = 518400.

  Next, the random mask and the pixel arrangement diagram are synthesized (see step S27 in FIG. 7A). The pixel arrangement diagram is a diagram in which positions where the droplets are arranged is determined, and is a diagram showing the arrangement positions of the droplets for forming the pixel aggregate P2.

  As described above, the microlens array P5 is formed by arranging the microlenses P51 in a lattice shape at an equal pitch interval of the pitch X1, and the pixel aggregate P2 has the pixel units P21 at an equal pitch interval of the pitch X2. It is formed side by side. A part of the pixel unit P21 is visually recognized as a virtual image through the single microlens P51, so that the enlarged pixel virtual image P7 of the pixel unit P21 is visually recognized through the microlens array P5 of the virtual image unit P8. The

  In the pixel aggregate P2, when the correction pixel sections P222a are regularly arranged, there is a high possibility that the positions of the correction pixel sections P222a in the pixel unit P21 are the same. Accordingly, there is a high possibility that any one of the correction pixel sections P222a becomes a visible point in the pixel virtual image P7 through the microlens P51. When the corrected background section P222b is regularly arranged in the pixel aggregate P2, there is a high possibility that the position of the corrected background section P222b in the pixel unit P21 is the same. As a result, any one of the corrected background sections P222b is visually recognized through the microlens P51, and there is a high possibility that the image is missing in the pixel virtual image P7. By determining the positions of the corrected pixel section P222a and the corrected background section P222b by combining the random mask and the pixel arrangement diagram, the corrected pixel section P222a and the corrected background section P222b have regularity in the pixel aggregate P2. Can be placed in no position.

  In the pixel aggregate P2 in which the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is smaller than that of the reference pixel aggregate, the position corresponding to the position defined in the random mask is set as the droplet arrangement position. That is, the pixel dot section P221 corresponding to the position is set as a correction pixel section P222a. The pixel aggregate P2c has 30375 V2 and is smaller than V2 of the pixel aggregate P2a. As shown in FIG. 9C, a correction pixel section P222a (pixel section P221a) is formed in the background section P221b in addition to the pixel section P221a constituting the character. The position of the correction pixel section P222a in the pixel unit P21 is a position that is determined by a random mask and has substantially no regularity.

  V10 shown in FIG. 7B is the number of pixel sections P221a (pixel dots P22) arranged in the pixel aggregate P2 in the pixel arrangement diagram after correction by the random mask (combined). In the pixel group P2 in which the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is smaller than that of the reference pixel group, V10 = V2 + (V4 × V7− (V4 × V7) × V2 / V3). V10 in the pixel aggregate P2c is V10 = 30375 + (2025 × 1- (2025 × 1) × 30375/518400) = 32281. The number of the pixel dots P22 is corrected to a number close to the number V2 = 32400 of the pixel dots P22 of the pixel aggregate P2a.

  V11 shown in FIG. 7B is an occupancy ratio of the pixel section P221a in the pixel aggregate P2 in the pixel arrangement diagram after correction (combined) using the random mask. In the pixel aggregate P2c, V11 = V10 / V3 = 32281/518400 × 100 = 6.23%. The occupation ratio is corrected to a numerical value close to the occupation ratio V5 = 6.25 of the pixel section P221a in the pixel aggregate P2a.

  In the pixel aggregate P2c, V10−V2 = 32281-30375 = 1906, and 1906 correction pixel sections P222a are formed. Since the pixel aggregate P2c includes 2025 pixel units P21, it is highly likely that one correction pixel section P222a is arranged in each of 1906 pixel units P21. A pixel dot P22 formed by arranging a droplet in the correction pixel section P222a corresponds to an additional pixel dot.

  In the pixel aggregate P2 in which the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is larger than that of the reference pixel aggregate, no liquid droplet is arranged at a position corresponding to the position defined by the random mask. That is, the pixel dot section P221 corresponding to the position is set as the corrected background section P222b.

  The pixel assembly P2b has 36450 V2 and is larger than V2 of the pixel assembly P2a. As shown in FIG. 9B, a part of the pixel section P221a constituting the character is a corrected background section P222b (background section P221b). That is, the pixel dot P22 in the pixel unit P21 is reduced. The same applies to the pixel aggregate P2d shown in FIG. The position of the corrected background section P222b in the pixel unit P21 is determined by a random mask, and is a position that has substantially no regularity.

  V10 shown in FIG. 7B is V10 = V2− (V4 × V7− (V4 × V7) in the pixel group P2 in which the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is larger than that of the reference pixel group. ) × (V3−V2) / V3). V10 in the pixel aggregate P2b is V10 = 36450− (2025 × 28− (2025 × 28) × (518400−36450) / 518400) = 32463. The number of the pixel dots P22 is corrected to a number close to the number V2 = 32400 of the pixel dots P22 of the pixel aggregate P2a. The same applies to the number of pixel dots P22 in the pixel aggregate P2d.

  V11 shown in FIG. 7B is V11 = V10 / V3 = 32463/518400 × 100 = 6.26% in the pixel assembly P2b. The occupation ratio is corrected to a numerical value close to the occupation ratio V5 = 6.25 of the pixel section P221a in the pixel aggregate P2a. The occupation ratio of the pixel section P221a in the pixel aggregate P2d is also the same.

  In the pixel aggregate P2b and the pixel aggregate P2d, V2−V10 = 36450−32463 = 3987, and there are 3987 corrected background sections P222b. The pixel aggregate P2 includes 2025 pixel units P21. Therefore, a pixel unit region P211 having one corrected background section P222b as shown in FIG. 9B, or a pixel having two corrected background sections P222b as shown in FIG. 9D. There is a high possibility that the unit region P211 is formed. As the pixel unit P21, there is a high possibility that the pixel unit P21b or the pixel unit P21d in which the pixel dots P22 are adjusted to 16 or 17 is formed.

  The pixel unit P21b and the pixel unit P21d in which the pixel dots P22 are adjusted to 16 or 17 correspond to the pixel reduction unit.

Step S27 is performed to complete the correction of the number of pixel dots P22 in the pixel aggregate P2.
By performing the correction as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

  (1) The correction pixel section P222a is formed in the pixel group P2 in which the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is smaller than that of the reference pixel group as in the pixel group P2c. By forming the correction pixel section P222a, the number of pixel sections P221a included in the pixel assembly P2 increases, so that the gradation of the pixel assembly P2 can be made closer to the gradation of the reference pixel assembly.

  (2) The corrected background section P222b is set in the pixel group P2 in which the occupation ratio (%) (V5) of the pixel section P221a is larger than that of the reference pixel group, such as the pixel group P2b and the pixel group P2d. . The corrected background section P222b is a pixel dot section P221 in which the pixel section P221a is changed to the background section P221b. Since the number of pixel dots P22 decreases by the number of the corrected background section P222b, the gradation of the pixel assembly P2 can be made closer to the gradation of the reference pixel assembly.

  (3) The position of the correction pixel section P222a is set at random. The correction pixel section P222a is visually recognized as a part of the virtual image when positioned at a position that can be visually recognized through the microlens P51. Since the microlenses P51 are regularly arranged, when the correction pixel sections P222a are regularly arranged, there is a possibility that many correction pixel sections P222a are located at positions that can be visually recognized through the microlenses P51. Get higher. By randomly setting the position of the correction pixel section P222a, it is possible to suppress the correction pixel section P222a from being visually recognized through the microlens P51.

  (4) The position of the corrected background section P222b is set at random. When the corrected background section P222b is located at a position that can be viewed through the micro lens P51, the corrected background section P222b is viewed as a state in which the pixel dot P22 that should be in the pixel virtual image P7 is missing. Since the pixel units P21 are regularly arranged, if the corrected background section P222b is regularly arranged, there is a high possibility that the pixel section P221a at the same position in the pixel unit P21 becomes the corrected background section P222b. That is, there is a high possibility that the pixel dot P22 at the same position in the pixel unit P21 is missing. When the pixel dot P22 at the same position in the pixel unit P21 is missing, the pixel dot P22 is visually recognized as missing in the pixel virtual image P7. By setting the position of the corrected background section P222b at random, it is possible to suppress the corrected background section P222b from being visually recognized as a missing portion of the pixel dot P22 in the pixel virtual image P7.

  (5) Among the pixel aggregate P2a, the pixel aggregate P2b, the pixel aggregate P2c, and the pixel aggregate P2d as the reference pixel aggregate, the occupation ratio (%) of the pixel section P221a in the pixel aggregate P2 is intermediate The pixel aggregate P2a that is a value is selected. Thereby, in the pixel aggregate P2b, the pixel aggregate P2c, and the pixel aggregate P2d, as compared with the case where the pixel aggregate P2b, the pixel aggregate P2c, or the pixel aggregate P2d is used as the reference pixel aggregate, the corrected pixel section The number of pixel dot sections P221 set in P222a or the corrected background section P222b can be reduced. That is, the difference in gradation before and after correction can be reduced.

  Further, when the pixel dot P22 is arranged at a predetermined position to form the image portion of the pixel unit P21 and form the unit aggregate (pixel aggregate) P2, the color tone of the pixel dot P22 changes to the pixel unit P21. At least one background color pixel unit, which is the color tone of the background portion, may be included.

  Thereby, the following effects are obtained. That is, in the background color pixel unit, since the color tone of the pixel dot is the color tone of the background portion of the pixel unit, the virtual image of the image portion of the background color pixel unit has the color tone of the background portion. Due to the presence of the background color pixel unit, a virtual image having the color tone of the background portion exists in the image portion of the appearing virtual image. The portion can be individually discriminated if the appearing virtual image is enlarged and observed to such an extent that the microlens P51 can be visually recognized individually, but a virtual image smaller than that can be seen integrally with other image portions. As a result, the entire image portion in the appearing virtual image appears to be a virtual image whose color tone is shifted from the color tone of the image portion to the color tone side of the background portion. Similarly, the entire image portion in the appearing virtual image appears to be a virtual image whose gradation is shifted to the gradation side of the background portion from the gradation of the image portion. Since the gradation shift amount varies depending on the number of background color pixel units, the gradation of the image portion can be adjusted by adjusting the number of background color pixel units.

  Hereinafter, formation of a unit aggregate (pixel aggregate) including a background color pixel unit will be described.

  The pixel aggregate P2 partially shown in FIG. 10A is the pixel aggregate P2 (pixel aggregate P2a) described with reference to FIG. As described above, the pixel aggregate P2 includes the pixel unit P21 formed in the pixel unit region P211. In the pixel aggregate P2, the pixel unit regions P211 are arranged in 45 rows × 45 columns. The pixel unit area P211 includes a pixel section P221a and a background section P221b disposed at a predetermined relative position. The pixel unit P21 is formed by arranging the pixel section P221a in a predetermined relative positional relationship in the background section P221b.

  A pixel aggregate P205, a part of which is shown in FIG. 10B, includes a pixel unit P21 and a background color pixel unit P231. The pixel assembly P205 is formed in the adjustment assembly region P195. The adjusted aggregate region P195 includes a pixel unit region P211 and a pixel unit region P215. The background color pixel unit P231 is formed in the pixel unit region P215. The pixel unit region P215 includes a background section P221b. The pixel unit region P215 is formed by arranging background sections P221b in 16 rows × 16 columns.

  In the step of forming the pixel aggregate P205, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is disposed at the position of the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P211. Since the pixel section P221a does not exist in the pixel unit region P215, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is not disposed.

  As shown in FIG. 10B, the pixel aggregate P205 includes substantially the same number of pixel units P21 and a background color pixel unit P231. Accordingly, the pixel aggregate P205 includes half as many pixel units P21 as the pixel unit P21 included in the pixel aggregate P2. The gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P205 is the image portion (character A in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P2. ) Gradation of approximately 50%.

  A pixel aggregate P204, a part of which is shown in FIG. 10C, includes a pixel unit P23. The pixel aggregate P204 is formed in the aggregate area P194. The aggregate area P194 includes a pixel unit area P216. In the aggregate region P194, the pixel unit regions P216 are arranged in 45 rows × 45 columns.

  The pixel unit P23 is formed in the pixel unit region P216. Similar to the pixel unit region P211, the pixel unit region P216 is formed by arranging pixel dot sections P221 in 16 rows × 16 columns.

  The pixel unit region P216 includes a pixel section P221a and a background color section P221c. As described above, the pixel section P221a is the pixel dot section P221 in which the pixel dot P22 is disposed. In the pixel unit region P216, the pixel section P221a is arranged in the same manner as the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P211. The image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P204 is a virtual image aggregate of a part of the pixel section P221a formed through the microlens P51. The color tone of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P204 is the color tone of the approximate pixel section P221a, and the gradation is the gradation of the approximate pixel section P221a.

  The background color section P221c is a pixel dot section P221 that is colored to the background color. In the pixel unit region P216, the pixel dot section P221 other than the pixel section P221a is the background color section P221c. The background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel assembly P204 is a collection of virtual images of a part of the background color section P221c formed through the microlens P51. . The color tone of the background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P204 is the color tone of the substantially background color section P221c, and the gradation is that of the substantially background color section P221c. Gradation.

  In the step of forming the pixel aggregate P204, first, a background color material is arranged at the position of the background color section P221c. For example, droplets for forming a background color are arranged on the entire surface of the adjusted aggregate region P196, and the entire surface of the aggregate region P194 is set to the background color. Next, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is disposed at the position of the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P216.

  A pixel assembly P206, a part of which is shown in FIG. 10D, includes a pixel unit P23 and a background color pixel unit P232. The pixel assembly P206 is formed in the adjustment assembly region P196. The adjusted assembly region P196 includes a pixel unit region P216 and a pixel unit region P217.

  The background color pixel unit P232 is formed in the pixel unit region P217. The pixel unit region P217 includes a background color section P221c. The pixel unit region P217 is formed by arranging background color sections P221c in 16 rows × 16 columns.

  In the step of forming the pixel aggregate P206, first, a background color material is arranged at the position of the background color section P221c. For example, droplets for forming a background color are arranged on the entire surface of the adjusted assembly region P196, and the entire surface of the adjusted assembly region P196 is set to the background color. Next, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is disposed at the position of the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P216. Since the pixel section P221a does not exist in the pixel unit region P217, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is not disposed.

  As shown in FIG. 10D, the pixel aggregate P206 includes approximately the same number of pixel units P23 and a background color pixel unit P232. Therefore, the pixel aggregate P206 includes approximately half the number of pixel units P23 of the pixel unit P23 included in the pixel aggregate P204. The gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P206 is the image portion (character A in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P204. ) Gradation of approximately 50%.

  The background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P206 is a virtual image of a portion of the background portion in the pixel unit P23 formed through the microlens P51, and This is a collection of virtual images of a part of the background color pixel unit P232. The background portion in the pixel unit P23 is a background color section P221c. The entire background color pixel unit P232 is a background color section P221c. Therefore, the background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel assembly P206 is a collection of virtual images of a part of the background color section P221c formed through the microlens P51. It is. The color tone of the background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P206 is the color tone of the substantially background color section P221c, and the gradation is the substantially background color section P221c. Gradation.

  The pixel aggregate P207 partially shown in FIG. 10E includes a pixel unit P23 and a background color pixel unit P231. The pixel assembly P207 is formed in the adjustment assembly region P197. The adjusted assembly region P197 includes a pixel unit region P216 and a pixel unit region P215.

  The pixel unit P23 is formed in the pixel unit region P216. As described above, the pixel unit region P216 is formed by arranging the pixel dot sections P221 in 16 rows × 16 columns. The pixel unit region P216 includes a pixel section P221a and a background color section P221c.

  The background color pixel unit P231 is formed in the pixel unit region P215. As described above, the pixel unit region P215 includes the background section P221b, and the background section P221b is formed by being arranged in 16 rows × 16 columns. The pixel unit area P215 is an area where the pixel section P221a is not provided and the pixel dot P22 is not arranged.

  In the step of forming the pixel aggregate P207, first, a background color material is disposed at the position of the background color section P221c. For example, a droplet for forming a background color is arranged on the entire surface of the adjustment assembly region P197 in the position of the pixel unit region P216, and the portion of the pixel unit region P216 in the adjustment assembly region P197 is used as the background color. . Next, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is disposed at the position of the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P216. Since the pixel section P221a does not exist in the pixel unit region P215, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is not disposed.

  As shown in FIG. 10E, the pixel aggregate P207 includes approximately the same number of pixel units P23 and a background color pixel unit P231. Accordingly, the pixel aggregate P207 includes approximately half the number of pixel units P23 of the pixel units P23 included in the pixel aggregate P204. The image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P207 is an aggregate of virtual images of a part of the pixel dots P22 in the pixel unit P23 formed through the microlens P51. is there. The gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P207 is the image portion (character A in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P204. ) Gradation of approximately 50%.

  The background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P207 is a virtual image of a portion of the background portion in the pixel unit P23 formed through the microlens P51, and This is a collection of virtual images of a part of the background color pixel unit P231. The background portion in the pixel unit region P216 is a background color section P221c. The entire background color pixel unit P231 is a background color section P221c. The pixel aggregate P207 includes approximately the same number of pixel units P23 and background color pixel units P231, and the pixel aggregate P207 is approximately half the number of pixel units P23 of the pixel units P23 included in the pixel aggregate P204. It has. Therefore, the gradation of the background portion of the image part (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P207 is in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P204. This is approximately 50% of the gradation of the background portion of the image portion (character A).

  A pixel assembly P208, a part of which is shown in FIG. 10F, includes a pixel unit P23, a background color pixel unit P231, and a background color pixel unit P232. The pixel assembly P208 is formed in the adjustment assembly region P198. The adjustment assembly region P198 includes a pixel unit region P216, a pixel unit region P215, and a pixel unit region P217.

  The pixel unit P23 is formed in the pixel unit region P216. The background color pixel unit P231 is formed in the pixel unit region P215. The background color pixel unit P232 is formed in the pixel unit region P217. The pixel unit region P216 includes a pixel section P221a and a background color section P221c. The pixel unit region P215 includes a background section P221b. The pixel unit region P217 includes a background color section P221c.

  In the step of forming the pixel aggregate P208, first, a background color material is arranged at the position of the background color section P221c. For example, in the adjustment aggregate region P198, droplets for forming a background color are arranged on the entire surface of the pixel unit region P216 and the entire position of the pixel unit region P217, so that the pixels in the adjustment aggregate region P198 are arranged. The unit area P216 and the pixel unit area P217 are set to the background color. Next, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is disposed at the position of the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P216.

  In the pixel unit region P215 and the pixel unit region P217, since the pixel section P221a does not exist, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is not arranged. In the pixel unit region P217, the droplets for forming the background color are arranged, and the droplets for forming the pixel dot P22 are not arranged, so the background color surface is maintained as it is.

  As shown in FIG. 10F, the pixel unit P23 in the pixel assembly P208 is arranged in the same manner as the pixel unit P23 in the pixel assembly P206 and the pixel assembly P207. Therefore, the gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P208 is the pixel virtual image that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P206 or the pixel aggregate P207. This is substantially the same as the gradation of the image portion (character A) in P7. In addition, the gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P208 is the image portion in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P204 ( It is approximately 50% of the gradation of the letter A).

  The background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel assembly P208 is a virtual image of a portion of the background portion in the pixel unit P23 formed through the microlens P51. This is a collection of a virtual image of a part of the color pixel unit P231 and a virtual image of a part of the background color unit 747. The background portion in the pixel unit region P216 is a background color section P221c. The entire background color pixel unit P232 is a background color section P221c. The entire background color pixel unit P231 is a background color section P221c.

  The pixel aggregate P208 includes approximately the same number of background color pixel units P232 and background color pixel units P231, and is approximately equal to the total number of the background color pixel units P232 and the background color pixel units P231. A number of pixel units P23 are provided. In the background color pixel unit P232, background color pixel unit P231, and pixel unit P23 included in the pixel aggregate P208, the background color pixel unit P232 and the pixel unit P23 occupy 75%. Therefore, the gradation of the background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P208 in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P204. This is approximately 75% of the gradation of the background portion of the image portion (character A).

  The positions of the background color pixel units P231 in the pixel aggregate P208 shown in FIG. 10F are regularly arranged because the illustrated range is narrow, but are preferably arranged at random positions. By arranging the background color pixel unit P231 at random positions, the virtual image of the background color pixel unit P231 is separated and visually recognized in the background portion of the image portion in the pixel virtual image P7, compared to the case where the background color pixel unit P231 is regularly arranged. The possibility of being reduced can be reduced. Further, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of gradation spots in the background portion of the image portion in the pixel virtual image P7.

  Next, an adjustment pixel assembly that is partially different from the above-described pixel assembly P205 and the like will be described with reference to FIG.

  As described above, the gradation of the image portion (character A or the like) in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 is adjusted by reducing the number of pixel units P21 in the aggregate region P18. For example, in the pixel aggregate P205, the number of the pixel units P21 is halved to that of the pixel aggregate P2, so that the image portion (character A) of the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P205 is displayed. The gradation is set to approximately 50% of the gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P2.

  The random dither mask P91 shown in FIG. 11A is a random dither mask with 5% gradation. As shown in FIG. 11A, the random dither mask P91 includes a black spot portion P92 and a white spot portion P93. The total of the number of black spot portions P92 and the number of white spot portions P93 is, for example, 2025 corresponding to 45 × 45 = 2005 pixel units P21 included in the pixel aggregate P2. The random dither mask P91 has a gradation of 5%, and the black dot portion P92 provided in the random dither mask P91 is approximately 25% of 2025.

  The position of the black dot portion P92 in the random dither mask P91 is set to a random position based on the random dither pattern formed using the dither method.

  A pixel aggregate P201 partially shown in FIG. 11B includes a pixel unit P21 and a background color pixel unit P231. The pixel assembly P201 is formed in the adjustment assembly region P191. The adjustment assembly region P191 includes a pixel unit region P211 and a pixel unit region P215.

  The pixel unit P21 is formed in the pixel unit region P211. The pixel unit region P211 includes a pixel section P221a, and the pixel unit P21 is formed by disposing pixel dots P22 in a pixel section P221a disposed at a predetermined relative position.

  The background color pixel unit P231 is formed in the pixel unit region P215. The pixel unit region P215 includes a background section P221b. The pixel unit region P215 does not include the pixel section P221a and is a region where the pixel dot P22 is not disposed, and the background color pixel unit P231 is a region where the pixel dot P22 is not disposed.

  In the step of forming the pixel aggregate P201, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is disposed at the position of the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P211. Since the pixel section P221a does not exist in the pixel unit region P215, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is not disposed.

  In the pixel aggregate P201 partially shown in FIG. 11B, the position of the pixel unit P21 is set so as to correspond to the position of the black spot P92 in the random dither mask P91. That is, the position of the pixel unit area P211 in the adjustment aggregate area P191 corresponds to the position of the black spot P92 in the random dither mask P91. The part shown in FIG. 11B of the pixel aggregate P201 is a part corresponding to the partial region P91a shown in FIG.

  The random dither mask P91 has 5% gradation, and the pixel aggregate P201 includes 5% of the pixel units P21 of the pixel units P21 included in the pixel aggregate P2. The gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P201 is the image portion (character A in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P2. ) Is approximately 5% of the gradation.

  Next, an adjustment pixel assembly that is partially different from the above-described pixel assembly P205 and the like will be described with reference to FIG.

  As described above, the gradation of the image portion (character A or the like) in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 is adjusted by reducing the number of pixel units P21 in the aggregate region P18. For example, in the pixel aggregate P205, the number of the pixel units P21 is halved to that of the pixel aggregate P2, so that the image portion (character A) of the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P205 is displayed. The gradation is set to approximately 50% of the gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P2.

  The random dither mask P99 shown in FIG. 12A is a 95% gradation random dither mask. As shown in FIG. 12A, the random dither mask P99 includes a black spot portion P92 and a white spot portion P93. The total of the number of black spot portions P92 and the number of white spot portions P93 is, for example, 2025 corresponding to 45 × 45 = 2005 pixel units P21 included in the pixel aggregate P2. The random dither mask P99 has a gradation of 95%, and the black dot portion P92 included in the random dither mask P99 is approximately 95% of 2025.

  The position of the black dot portion P92 in the random dither mask P99 is set to a random position based on a random dither pattern formed using the dither method.

  A pixel aggregate P209 partially shown in FIG. 12B includes a pixel unit P21 and a background color pixel unit P231. The pixel assembly P209 is formed in the adjustment assembly region P199. The adjustment assembly region P199 includes a pixel unit region P211 and a pixel unit region P215.

  The pixel unit P21 is formed in the pixel unit region P211. The pixel unit region P211 includes a pixel section P221a, and the pixel unit P21 is formed by disposing pixel dots P22 in a pixel section P221a disposed at a predetermined relative position.

  The background color pixel unit P231 is formed in the pixel unit region P215. The pixel unit region P215 includes a background section P221b. The pixel unit region P215 does not include the pixel section P221a and is a region where the pixel dot P22 is not disposed, and the background color pixel unit P231 is a region where the pixel dot P22 is not disposed.

  In the step of forming the pixel aggregate P209, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is disposed at the position of the pixel section P221a in the pixel unit region P211. Since the pixel section P221a does not exist in the pixel unit region P215, a droplet for forming the pixel dot P22 is not disposed.

  In the pixel aggregate P209 partially shown in FIG. 12B, the position of the pixel unit P21 is set so as to correspond to the position of the black spot P92 in the random dither mask P99. That is, the position of the pixel unit area P211 in the adjustment aggregate area P199 corresponds to the position of the black spot P92 in the random dither mask P99. A portion of the pixel aggregate P209 shown in FIG. 12B is a portion corresponding to the partial region P99a shown in FIG.

The random dither mask P99 has 95% gradation, and the pixel aggregate P209 includes 95% of the pixel units P21 of the pixel units P21 included in the pixel aggregate P2. The gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P209 is the image portion (character A in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 including the pixel aggregate P2. ) Is approximately 95% of the gradation.
By arranging the background color pixel unit as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

  (1) The pixel aggregate P205 includes half as many pixel units P21 as the pixel unit P21 included in the pixel aggregate P2. The gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P205 is the image portion (character A in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P2. ) Gradation of approximately 50%. Thus, the gradation of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 can be adjusted by adjusting the number of pixel units P21 included in the pixel aggregate P2.

  (2) The pixel aggregate P207 includes approximately half as many pixel units P23 as the pixel units P23 included in the pixel aggregate P204. In the background portion of the image (character) portion in the pixel unit P23, a background color material is arranged. The gradation of the background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P207 is the image portion in the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8 that includes the pixel aggregate P204. This is approximately 50% of the gradation of the background portion of (letter A). As described above, in a pixel aggregate such as the pixel aggregate P204 having a pixel unit in which the background portion of the image is colored like the pixel unit P23, the background portion included in the pixel aggregate is colored. By adjusting the number of the pixel units, the gradation of the background portion of the image portion (character A) in the pixel virtual image P7 appearing in the virtual image unit P8 can be adjusted.

  (3) The pixel aggregate P201 and the pixel aggregate P209 are arranged according to the random dither mask P91 or the random dither mask P99 formed based on the random dither pattern formed by using the dither method. The position is specified. Based on the random dither pattern, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of gradations in the image portion of the pixel virtual image P7 that appears in the virtual image unit P8. In addition, when the viewing direction is changed, occurrence of gradation fluctuations can be suppressed.

  As information by virtual images, for example, user information, information on manufacturing (for example, manufacturing date), information on manufacturing conditions (type of material used in manufacturing, specifications, resolution, etc.), information on distribution process, etc. In the case where one three-dimensional structure (assembly) is obtained by assembling the three-dimensional structure P10 (for example, a model such as a plastic model), the assembly order, position information in the assembly, and the like are included. Information based on virtual images can also be used for theft prevention and forgery / duplication prevention.

When the information by the virtual image is the identification information of the three-dimensional structure P10, the individual management can be easily and surely performed on the plurality of three-dimensional structures P10 to be manufactured. A pattern is formed.

  In particular, a virtual image forming pattern is formed in each of a plurality of portions having different depths from the surface of the three-dimensional structure P10.

  Thereby, for example, by using a lens assembly (microlens array) P5 having different conditions (for example, the focal length of the microlens P51), changing the angle of the lens assembly P5, etc. A plurality of different information can be obtained.

  In the illustrated configuration, the three-dimensional structure P10 is configured to obtain a plurality of information from different directions. More specifically, information from virtual image patterns provided at two parts having different depths can be obtained from the upper surface side in FIG. 2 (same as in FIG. 14). Information from one virtual image pattern can be obtained from the lower surface side, and information from the virtual image pattern provided at three parts having different depths can be obtained from the left surface side in FIG. 2 (also in FIG. 14). Can do.

  The virtual image forming pattern is preferably formed in the region of 0.2 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less in the depth direction from the surface of the three-dimensional structure P10, and in the region of 0.5 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. More preferably, it is formed.

  Thereby, the stereoscopic effect (depth feeling) of the virtual image obtained by the virtual image forming pattern can be made particularly excellent, and the high-class feeling of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, in the three-dimensional structure P10, the portion provided on the outer surface side of the virtual image forming pattern functions as a surface layer (protective layer), so that information on the virtual image forming pattern can be stably displayed for a longer period of time. Can be given to users. Further, the focal distance moving effect is further improved.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, 2nd Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure of this invention is described.

  FIGS. 13 and 14 are cross-sectional views schematically showing each step in the second embodiment of the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure of the present invention. In the following description, differences from the above-described embodiment will be mainly described, and description of similar matters will be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the manufacturing method of the present embodiment is performed by applying an ink for forming a solid part P16 ′ containing a curable resin and a support part forming ink P17 ′ containing a curable resin by an inkjet method. The ink ejection step (2a, 2c) ejected in the pattern and the ejected substantial part forming ink P16 ′ and the supporting part forming ink P17 ′ are cured to form a layer P1 having the substantial part P16 and the supporting part P17. A curing step (2b, 2d) to be formed, and a temporary formed body P10 ′ is obtained by sequentially repeating these steps (2e), followed by a support portion removal step (2f) for removing the support portion P17. ing.

  Thus, in this embodiment, the layer P1 is formed by the ink discharge process and the curing process. That is, in the present embodiment, the layer forming process includes an ink discharge process and a curing process.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the composition containing the particles P111 is formed by using a curable ink ejected by an inkjet method as a composition without forming a layer while flattening the composition using a flattening unit. Form.

  Thereby, since a composition can be selectively provided to a required part of a modeling area (area on the stage 41), waste of materials associated with the manufacture of the three-dimensional model P10 can be prevented and suppressed. . For this reason, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of reducing the production cost of the three-dimensional structure P10 and saving resources. Further, the number of steps as a whole can be reduced, processing such as material recovery can be omitted or simplified, and the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

Hereinafter, each step will be described.
<Ink ejection process (ink application process)>
In the ink ejection process, the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ containing a curable resin and the supporting part forming ink P17 ′ containing a curable resin are ejected in a predetermined pattern by an inkjet method (2a, 2c). ).

  More specifically, the entity forming ink P16 ′ is applied to the region to be the entity P16 of the three-dimensional structure P10, and is adjacent to the region to be the outermost layer of the entity P16 of the three-dimensional structure P10. The support portion forming ink P17 ′ is applied to the region on the surface side of the outermost layer.

  In the first ink ejection process, ink (substantive part forming ink P16 ′ and support part forming ink P17 ′) is ejected on the stage 41 (2a). In the second and subsequent ink ejection processes, the ink is applied on the layer P1. Then, ink (substantive part forming ink P16 ′, support part forming ink P17 ′) is ejected (2c).

  As described above, in the present invention, not only ink (substance part forming ink P16 ′) is applied to the portion to be the substance part P16 of the three-dimensional structure P10, but ink (support part formation ink) is also provided on the surface side thereof. Ink P17 ') is applied.

  As a result, the support portion forming ink P17 ′ is applied to form the support portion P17, thereby forming a layer (second layer) constituting the three-dimensional structure P10 as a lower layer (first layer). Having a portion protruding from the outer peripheral portion of the layer (for example, in the figure, the relationship between the first and second layers from the bottom, the relationship between the second and third layers from the bottom, the fourth and fifth layers from the bottom) Even in the case of the relationship with the layer, the supporting part P17 of the lower layer (first layer) can favorably support the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ for forming the upper layer (second layer). Therefore, unintentional deformation (particularly sagging or the like) of the substantial part P16 can be suitably prevented, and the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  In this step, ink (substance forming ink P16 ′ and supporting portion forming ink P17 ′) is applied by an ink jet method, so that ink (substance forming ink P16 ′ and supporting portion forming ink P17 ′) is applied. The ink can be applied with good reproducibility even if the applied pattern has a fine shape. As a result, the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly high, and the surface shape and appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be controlled more suitably.

  In this step, the first entity forming ink (virtual image forming ink) P16A 'and the second entity forming ink P16B' are used as the entity forming ink P16 '.

  Thereby, the virtual image forming pattern P13A having a desired shape can be formed in the three-dimensional structure P10 while manufacturing the three-dimensional structure P10 as having a desired shape.

  The substantial portion forming ink P16 '(the first substantial portion forming ink P16A' and the second substantial portion forming ink P16B ') and the supporting portion forming ink P17' will be described in detail later.

  The amount of ink applied in this step is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the layer P1 formed in the subsequent curing step is preferably 30 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and preferably 70 μm or more and 150 μm or less. More preferably.

  Thereby, while making the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 sufficiently excellent, the occurrence of unintentional irregularities in the manufactured three-dimensional structure P10 is more effectively prevented, and the three-dimensional structure P10 The dimensional accuracy can be made particularly excellent. Moreover, the surface state and external appearance of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be controlled more suitably.

<Curing process (layer forming process)>
Included in the ink (substantive part forming ink P16 ′, support part forming ink P17 ′) after applying (discharging) ink (substance part forming ink P16 ′, support part forming ink P17 ′) in the ink discharge process. The cured component (curable resin) to be cured is cured (2b, 2d). As a result, a layer P1 having a substantial part P16 (first substantial part (virtual image forming pattern) P16A, second substantial part P16B) and a supporting part P17 is obtained. That is, the portion to which the first substance forming ink (virtual image forming ink) P16A ′ is applied becomes the first substance (virtual image forming pattern) P16A, and the second substance forming ink P16B ′ is used. The part to which the ink is applied becomes the second entity part P16B, and the part to which the support part forming ink P17 ′ is applied becomes the support part P17.

  In this step, the cured component (curable resin) contained in the ink is cured, so that the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 is composed of a cured product. For example, a thermoplastic resin Compared with the three-dimensional structure etc. comprised by this, it becomes the thing excellent in mechanical strength, durability, etc.

  This step varies depending on the type of curable component (curable resin). For example, when the curable component (curable resin) is a thermosetting resin, it can be performed by heating, and the curable component (curable resin) is light. In the case of a curable resin, it can be performed by irradiation with the corresponding light (for example, when the curable component (curable resin) is an ultraviolet curable resin, it can be performed by irradiation with ultraviolet rays).

  In the above description, it has been described that ink is applied in a shape and pattern corresponding to the layer P1, and then the entire layer (layer corresponding to the layer P1) made of ink is cured. In at least a part of the region, the ink ejection and the ink curing may be performed simultaneously. That is, before the entire pattern of one layer P1 is formed, at least a part of the region corresponding to the layer P1 may be caused to sequentially proceed with a curing reaction from a portion to which ink has been applied. However, at least the contact portion between the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ and the supporting portion forming ink P17 ′ (the portion where the substantial portion P16 and the supporting portion P17 should come into contact) is simultaneously cured (for example, both inks). When the contained curable component is an ultraviolet curable resin, ultraviolet ray irradiation is performed, and the curing process for the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ and the curing process for the support part forming ink P17 ′ are not performed separately.

  In this step, it is not necessary to completely cure the curing component contained in the ink. For example, at the end of this step, the support portion forming ink P17 ′ is in an incompletely cured state, and the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ is cured at a higher degree of curing than the support portion forming ink P17 ′. May be.

  Thereby, the support part removal process explained in full detail later can be performed easily, and the further improvement of productivity of three-dimensional structure P10 can be aimed at.

  Further, at the end of this step, the substantial part forming ink P16 'may be cured in an incomplete state. Even in such a case, for example, an entity that is in an incompletely cured state after performing a subsequent process (for example, an “ink ejection process” after forming the lower layer P1 in the curing process). By performing the main curing process for increasing the degree of curing of the part forming ink P16 ′ (substance part P16), the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 is excellent. Can do. Further, the adhesion between the layers can be made particularly excellent by applying the ink for forming the upper layer in a state where the substance P16 ′ (lower layer) is cured in an incomplete state. .

<Supporting part removing step>
Then, after repeating the series of steps as described above, the support portion P17 is removed (2f). Thereby, the three-dimensional structure P10 is obtained.

  As a method of removing the support part P17, for example, a method of selectively dissolving and removing the support part P17 using a liquid that selectively dissolves the support part P17, or an absorptivity of the support part P17 compared to the substantial part P16. The support part P17 is made to absorb the liquid selectively using a high liquid to swell the support part P17 or reduce the mechanical strength of the support part P17, and then peel off the support part P17. Or a method of destroying.

  The liquid used in this step varies depending on the constituent materials of the substance part P16 and the support part P17. For example, water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, normal propyl alcohol, butanol and isobutanol, glycerin, Glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, etc. can be used, including one or more selected from these, and increasing the solubility of the support portion Therefore, it is possible to mix water-soluble substances that generate hydroxide ions such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and organic amines, and surfactants that facilitate separation of the peeled support. good.

  The method for applying the liquid to the temporary molded body P10 'is not particularly limited. For example, an immersion method, a spray method (spraying method), a coating method, various printing methods, and the like can be employed.

  In the above description, the liquid is used. However, a substance having a similar function (for example, solid, gas, supercritical fluid, etc.) may be used.

  Further, ultrasonic vibration may be applied when the liquid is applied or after the liquid is applied.

  Thereby, the removal of the support part P17 can be accelerated | stimulated and productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made especially excellent.

  In the present invention, when the surface state of the substantial part P16 of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be visually recognized in the state of the temporary molded body P10 ′, the support part P17 may not be removed. By removing the support portion P17 as described above, the substantial portion P16 is exposed, and the surface state thereof can be more visually recognized by an observer.

  In the above description, the support portion forming ink P17 ′ is applied so as to be in contact with the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ in the entire region to be the outermost layer of the three-dimensional structure P10. The forming ink P17 ′ may be applied so that only a part of the region to be the outermost layer of the three-dimensional structure P10 is in contact with the substantial part forming ink P16 ′.

  Moreover, when formation of a support part is unnecessary due to the shape or the like of the three-dimensional structure P10 to be manufactured, the layer P1 may be formed using only the substantial part forming ink.

  According to the manufacturing method of the present invention as described above, a three-dimensional structure capable of efficiently manufacturing a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary but cannot be identified in a normal state. A method for manufacturing a product can be provided.

《Three-dimensional structure manufacturing device》
Next, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of this invention is demonstrated.

<< First Embodiment >>
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the first embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

  The three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 15 repeatedly forms and laminates the layer P1 using the composition (composition for three-dimensional structure) P11 including the particles P111, thereby forming the three-dimensional structure P10. To manufacture.

As shown in FIG. 15, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a control unit 2, a composition supply unit 3 that contains a composition P <b> 11 that includes particles P <b> 111, and a composition supplied from the composition supply unit 3. The layer forming part 4 that forms the layer P1 using P11, the binding liquid discharge part (binding liquid applying means) 5 that discharges the binding liquid P12 to the layer P1, and the energy for curing the binding liquid P12 Energy beam irradiating means (curing means) 6 for irradiating a line.
The control unit 2 includes a computer 21 and a drive control unit 22.

  The computer 21 is a general desktop computer configured with a CPU, a memory, and the like inside. The computer 21 converts the shape of the three-dimensional structure P10 into model data, and outputs to the drive control unit 22 cross-sectional data (slice data) obtained by slicing the shape into parallel thin layers of thin cross-sections. .

  The drive control unit 22 functions as a control unit that drives the layer forming unit 4, the binder discharge unit 5, and the energy beam irradiation unit 6. Specifically, for example, the discharge pattern and discharge amount of the binding liquid P12 by the binding liquid discharge unit 5, the supply amount of the composition P11 from the composition supply unit 3, the descending amount of the stage 41, and the like are controlled.

  The composition supply unit 3 is configured to move in response to a command from the drive control unit 22, and the composition P <b> 11 accommodated therein is supplied to the composition temporary placement unit 44.

  The layer forming unit 4 includes a composition temporary placement unit 44 that temporarily holds the composition P11 supplied from the composition supply unit 3, and a layer while flattening the composition P11 held in the composition temporary storage unit 44. A squeegee (flattening means) 42 that forms P1, a guide rail 43 that regulates the operation of the squeegee 42, a stage 41 that supports the formed layer P1, and a side support (frame) 45 that surrounds the stage 41, have.

  When forming a new layer P 1 on the previously formed layer P 1, the previously formed layer P 1 is moved downward relative to the side support portion 45. This defines the thickness of the newly formed layer P1.

  In particular, in the present embodiment, when the new layer P1 is formed on the previously formed layer P1, the stage 41 is sequentially lowered by a predetermined amount according to a command from the drive control unit 22. As described above, since the stage 41 is configured to be movable in the Z direction (vertical direction), when forming a new layer P1, the number of members to be moved to adjust the thickness of the layer P1 is reduced. Therefore, the configuration of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 can be made simpler.

The stage 41 has a flat surface (part to which the composition P11 is applied).
Thereby, the layer P1 with high uniformity of thickness can be formed easily and reliably. Moreover, in the manufactured three-dimensional structure P10, it is possible to effectively prevent unintentional deformation or the like from occurring.

  The stage 41 is preferably composed of a high-strength material. Examples of the constituent material of the stage 41 include various metal materials such as stainless steel.

  Further, the surface of the stage 41 (part to which the composition P11 is applied) may be subjected to surface treatment. Thereby, for example, the constituent material of the composition P11 and the constituent material of the binding liquid P12 are more effectively prevented from adhering to the stage 41, and the durability of the stage 41 is made particularly excellent. It is possible to achieve stable production of the original shaped article P10 over a longer period of time. Examples of the material used for the surface treatment of the surface of the stage 41 include fluorine-based resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene.

  The squeegee 42 has a longitudinal shape extending in the Y direction, and includes a blade having a blade-like shape with a pointed lower end.

  The length of the blade in the Y direction is greater than or equal to the width of the stage 41 (modeling region) (the length in the Y direction).

  Note that the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 may include a vibration mechanism (not shown) that applies minute vibrations to the blade so that the composition P11 can be smoothly diffused by the squeegee 42.

  The side surface support portion 45 has a function of supporting the side surface of the layer P1 formed on the stage 41. In addition, when the layer P1 is formed, it also has a function of defining the area of the layer P1.

  In addition, the surface of the side surface support part 45 (part that can come into contact with the composition P11) may be subjected to surface treatment. Thereby, for example, the constituent material of the composition P11 and the constituent material of the binding liquid P12 are more effectively prevented from adhering to the side surface support portion 45, and the durability of the side surface support portion 45 is particularly excellent. As a result, stable production of the three-dimensional structure P10 over a longer period of time can be achieved. In addition, when the previously formed layer P1 is moved downward relative to the side support 45, it is possible to effectively prevent the layer P1 from being unintentionally disturbed. As a result, the dimensional accuracy and reliability of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. As a material used for the surface treatment of the surface of the side support part 45, for example, a fluorine-based resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene can be cited.

The binding liquid application unit (binding liquid discharge unit) 5 applies the binding liquid P12 to the layer P1.
By providing such a binding liquid application means 5, the mechanical strength of the three-dimensional structure P <b> 10 can be easily and reliably improved.

  In particular, in the present embodiment, the binding liquid application unit 5 is a binding liquid discharge unit that discharges the binding liquid P12 by an inkjet method.

  As a result, the binding liquid P12 can be applied in a fine pattern, and even the three-dimensional structure P10 having a fine structure can be manufactured with particularly high productivity.

  As a droplet discharge method (inkjet method), a piezo method, a method of discharging the binding liquid P12 with bubbles generated by heating the binding liquid P12, and the like can be used. The piezo method is preferable from the standpoint of difficulty in altering the constituent components of the liquid P12.

  The three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 includes, as the binding liquid applying unit 5, a first binding liquid discharging unit (first ink applying unit) 5A that applies the first ink (virtual image forming ink) P12A, And a second binding liquid discharger (second ink applying unit) 5B for applying the second ink P12B.

  The binding liquid discharge section (binding liquid applying means) 5 controls the pattern to be formed in each layer P1 and the amount of the binding liquid P12 applied in each section of the layer P1 according to a command from the drive control section 22. . A discharge pattern, a discharge amount, and the like of the binding liquid P12 by the binding liquid discharge unit (binding liquid applying unit) 5 are determined based on slice data.

  The energy ray irradiation means (curing means) 6 irradiates energy rays for hardening the binding liquid P12 applied to the layer P1.

  The type of energy beam irradiated by the energy beam irradiation means 6 varies depending on the constituent material of the binding liquid P12, and examples thereof include ultraviolet rays, visible rays, infrared rays, X rays, γ rays, electron beams, ion beams, and the like. Among these, from the viewpoint of cost and productivity of the three-dimensional structure, it is preferable to use ultraviolet rays.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, 2nd Embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of this invention is described.

  FIG. 16: is sectional drawing which shows typically 2nd Embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of this invention. In the following description, differences from the above-described embodiment will be mainly described, and description of similar matters will be omitted.

  The three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 manufactures a three-dimensional structure P10 by repeatedly forming and laminating the layer P1 using the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ and the support part forming ink P17 ′. .

  As shown in FIG. 16, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a control unit 2, a stage 41, an entity forming ink applying unit 8 that ejects the entity forming ink P <b> 16 ′, and a support forming ink. Support portion forming ink applying means 9 for discharging P17 ′; energy ray irradiating means (curing means) 6 for irradiating energy rays for curing the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ and the support portion forming ink P17 ′; have.

  The substantial part forming ink applying means 8 ejects the substantial part forming ink P16 'by an ink jet method.

  By providing such an entity forming ink applying means 8, a desired amount of the entity forming ink P16 'can be applied to a desired site in a fine pattern, and a three-dimensional modeling having a fine structure. Even the product P10 can be manufactured with particularly high productivity.

  As a droplet discharge method (inkjet method), a piezo method, a method in which ink is discharged by bubbles generated by heating ink, or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of difficulty, the piezo method is preferable.

  The entity forming ink applying unit 8 controls the pattern to be formed, the amount of the entity forming ink P <b> 16 ′ to be applied, and the like according to a command from the drive control unit 22. The ejection pattern, ejection amount, and the like of the substantial part forming ink P16 'by the substantial part forming ink applying unit 8 are determined based on the slice data.

  Thereby, a necessary and sufficient amount of the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ can be applied to the target portion, the desired part of the substantial part P16 can be surely formed, and the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional structure P10 In addition, the mechanical strength can be more reliably improved. In addition, when the substantial part forming ink P16 'includes a colorant, a desired color tone, pattern, or the like can be obtained with certainty.

  The entity forming ink applying means 8 is movable relative to the stage in the X direction and the Y direction, and is also movable in the Z direction.

  Thereby, even when the layer P1 is laminated, the distance between the nozzle surface (discharging portion tip) of the entity forming ink applying means 8 and the landing portion of the entity forming ink P16 ′ is kept at a predetermined value. be able to.

  In addition, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment forms a first entity part that applies the first entity forming ink (virtual image forming ink) P16A ′ as the entity forming ink applying unit 8. 8A, and a second entity forming ink applying unit 8B for applying the second entity forming ink P16B ′.

  The support portion forming ink applying means 9 discharges the support portion forming ink P17 'by an ink jet method.

  By providing such support portion forming ink application means 9, it is possible to apply a desired amount of support portion formation ink P17 'to a desired site in a fine pattern, and a three-dimensional structure P10 to be manufactured. Even if the substrate has a fine structure, the support part P17 having a desired size and shape can be formed at a desired site, and the surface shape and appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be more reliably formed. Can do. Further, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  The droplet ejection method (inkjet method), control, drive, and the like of the support portion forming ink applying means 9 are the same as those of the above-described substantial portion forming ink applying means 8.

  Although not shown in the drawing, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a support section removing unit that removes the support section P17 and a drying section that dries the three-dimensional structure P10 from which the support section P17 has been removed. It may be provided.

  As the support portion removing means, for example, a device that mechanically destroys and removes the support portion P17, a tank that stores the liquid as described above and immerses the temporary molded body P10 ′, or a liquid that is temporarily set as described above. Examples thereof include a liquid spraying means for spraying toward the molded body P10 ′ and a liquid applying means for applying the liquid as described above to the temporary molded body P10 ′.

  Examples of the drying means include those that supply heated gas and dried gas as described above, and decompression means that decompresses the space in which the three-dimensional structure P10 is stored.

  Moreover, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of this invention should just perform at least one part among the processes mentioned above, and a part of the processes mentioned above are performed without using a three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus. It may be a thing.

  According to the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus as described above, a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary but cannot be identified in a normal state can be efficiently manufactured.

<Composition (Composition for 3D modeling)>
Next, the composition (composition for three-dimensional modeling) used for manufacturing the three-dimensional modeled object of the present invention will be described in detail.

[First Embodiment]
First, the composition P11 containing the granular material P111 as described in the first embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention and the first embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in the layer (three-dimensional modeling composition) immediately before the binding liquid application step, and FIG. 18 shows a state in which the particles are bound by a hydrophobic binder. It is sectional drawing shown typically.

  The composition (three-dimensional modeling composition) P11 includes at least a three-dimensional modeling powder including a plurality of particles P111.

(Powder for three-dimensional modeling (particle P111))
The particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder are preferably porous and hydrophobized. With such a configuration, when the binding liquid P12 contains the hydrophobic binder P121, the hydrophobic binder P121 is preferably used in the pores P1111 when the three-dimensional structure P10 is manufactured. As a result, the anchoring effect is exerted, and as a result, the bonding force of the particles P111 can be made excellent (bonding force via the binder P121), and as a result, mechanical The three-dimensional structure P10 having excellent strength can be suitably manufactured (see FIG. 18). Moreover, such a three-dimensional modeling powder can be suitably reused. More specifically, if the particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder are subjected to a hydrophobic treatment, the water-soluble resin P112, which will be described in detail later, is prevented from entering the pores P1111. Therefore, in the production of the three-dimensional structure P10, the particles P111 in the region to which the binding liquid P12 has not been applied can be recovered with high impurity purity by washing with water or the like. it can. For this reason, the collected three-dimensional modeling powder can be mixed with the water-soluble resin P112 or the like at a predetermined ratio again to obtain a three-dimensional modeling composition that is reliably controlled to have a desired composition. . Further, the binder P121 constituting the binding liquid P12 enters the pores P1111 of the particles P111, thereby effectively preventing the unintentional wetting and spreading of the binding liquid P12. As a result, the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made higher.

  Examples of the constituent material of the particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder (the mother particles subjected to the hydrophobization treatment) include inorganic materials, organic materials, and composites thereof.

  As an inorganic material which comprises the granule P111, various metals, a metal compound, etc. are mentioned, for example. Examples of the metal compound include various metal oxides such as silica, alumina, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zircon oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, and potassium titanate; various kinds such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide. Metal hydroxides; various metal nitrides such as silicon nitride, titanium nitride and aluminum nitride; various metal carbides such as silicon carbide and titanium carbide; various metal sulfides such as zinc sulfide; various metals such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate Carbonates; sulfates of various metals such as calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate; silicates of various metals such as calcium silicate and magnesium silicate; phosphates of various metals such as calcium phosphate; aluminum borate, magnesium borate, etc. And various metal borates and composites thereof.

  Examples of the organic material constituting the particles P111 include synthetic resins, natural polymers, and the like. More specifically, polyethylene resin; polypropylene; polyethylene oxide; polypropylene oxide, polyethyleneimine; polystyrene; polyurethane; Polyester; Silicone resin; Acrylic silicone resin; Polymer having (meth) acrylic acid ester such as polymethyl methacrylate as a constituent monomer; Cross polymer having (meth) acrylic acid ester as a constituent monomer such as methyl methacrylate crosspolymer ( Ethylene acrylic acid copolymer resin, etc.); polyamide resin such as nylon 12, nylon 6, copolymer nylon; polyimide; carboxymethylcellulose; gelatin; starch; chitin;

  Among these, the particles P111 are preferably made of an inorganic material, more preferably made of a metal oxide, and more preferably made of silica. Thereby, the characteristics such as mechanical strength and light resistance of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. In particular, when the particles P111 are made of silica, the effects described above are more remarkably exhibited. In addition, since silica is excellent in fluidity, it is advantageous for forming the layer P1 having higher thickness uniformity, and the productivity and dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional structure P10 are particularly excellent. This is also advantageous.

  The hydrophobization treatment applied to the particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder may be any treatment that increases the hydrophobicity of the particles P111 (mother particles). It is preferable to introduce it. Thereby, the hydrophobicity of the granular material P111 can be made higher. Moreover, the uniformity of the degree of the hydrophobization treatment at each part (including the surface inside the hole P1111) of each particle P111 and each surface of the particle P111 can be easily and reliably increased.

As a compound used for the hydrophobizing treatment, a silane compound containing a silyl group is preferable. Specific examples of compounds that can be used in the hydrophobization treatment include, for example, hexamethyldisilazane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, 1-propenylmethyldichlorosilane, propyldimethylchlorosilane, propylmethyldichlorosilane, and propyltrichlorosilane. , Propyltriethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, styrylethyltrimethoxysilane, tetradecyltrichlorosilane, 3-thiocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, p-tolyldimethylchlorosilane, p-tolylmethyldichlorosilane, p-tolyltrichlorosilane, p -Tolyltrimethoxysilane, p-tolyltriethoxysilane, di-n-propyldi-n-propoxysilane, diisopropyldiisopropoxysilane, di-n- Tildi-n-butyroxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-sec-butyroxysilane, di-t-butyldi-t-butyloxysilane, octadecyltrichlorosilane, octadecylmethyldiethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyldimethylchlorosilane, Octadecylmethyldichlorosilane, octadecylmethoxydichlorosilane, 7-octenyldimethylchlorosilane, 7-octenyltrichlorosilane, 7-octenyltrimethoxysilane, octylmethyldichlorosilane, octyldimethylchlorosilane, octyltrichlorosilane, 10-undecenyl Dimethylchlorosilane, undecyltrichlorosilane, vinyldimethylchlorosilane, methyloctadecyldimethoxy Orchid, methyldodecyldiethoxysilane, methyloctadecyldimethoxysilane, methyloctadecyldiethoxysilane, n-octylmethyldimethoxysilane, n-octylmethyldiethoxysilane, triacontyldimethylchlorosilane, triaconyltrichlorosilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, Methyl triethoxysilane, methyl tri-n-propoxy silane, methyl isopropoxy silane, methyl-n-butoxy silane, methyl tri-sec-butoxy silane,
Methyltri-t-butyloxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, ethyltri-n-propoxysilane, ethylisopropoxysilane, ethyl-n-butyloxysilane, ethyltri-sec-butyroxysilane, ethyltri-t-butyroxysilane, n-propyltri Methoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, n-hexyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, isobutyl Triethoxysilane, n-hexyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane, -Octadecyltriethoxysilane, 2- [2- (trichlorosilyl) ethyl] pyridine, 4- [2- (trichlorosilyl) ethyl] pyridine, diphenyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldiethoxysilane, 1,3- (trichlorosilylmethyl) Heptacosane, dibenzyldimethoxysilane, dibenzyldiethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenyldimethylmethoxysilane, phenyldimethoxysilane, phenyldiethoxysilane, phenylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenyldimethylethoxysilane, benzyltri Ethoxysilane, benzyltrimethoxysilane, benzylmethyldimethoxysilane, benzyldimethylmethoxysilane, benzyldimethoxysilane, benzyldiethoxysilane , Benzylmethyldiethoxysilane, benzyldimethylethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, dibenzyldimethoxysilane, dibenzyldiethoxysilane, 3-acetoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane , Allyltriethoxysilane, 4-aminobutyltriethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl) phenethyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 6- (aminohexylaminopropyl) trimethoxysilane, p-aminophenyltrimethoxysilane, p-aminophenylethoxysilane, m-aminophenyltri Methoxysilane, m-aminophenylethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ω-aminoundecyltrimethoxysilane, amyltriethoxysilane, benzoxacilepine dimethyl ester, 5- (Bicycloheptenyl) triethoxysilane, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 8-bromooctyltrimethoxysilane, bromophenyltrimethoxysilane, 3-bromopropyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyl Trimethoxysilane, 2-chloromethyltriethoxysilane, chloromethylmethyldiethoxysilane, chloromethylmethyldiisopropoxysilane, p- (chloromethyl) phenyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltrieth Sisilane, chlorophenyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (4-chlorosulfonylphenyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-cyanoethyltriethoxy Silane, 2-cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane, cyanomethylphenethyltriethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3-cyclohexenyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3-cyclohexenyl) ethyltriethoxysilane, 3-cyclohexenyltrichlorosilane, 2- (3-cyclohexenyl) ethyltrichlorosilane, 2- (3-cyclohexenyl) ethyldimethylchlorosisilane, 2- (3-cyclohexenyl) ethyl Rumethyldichlorosilane, cyclohexyldimethylchlorosilane, cyclohexylethyldimethoxysilane, cyclohexylmethyldichlorosilane, cyclohexylmethyldimethoxysilane, (cyclohexylmethyl) trichlorosilane, cyclohexyltrichlorosilane, cyclohexyltrimethoxysilane, cyclooctyltrichlorosilane, (4-cyclooctenyl) ) Trichlorosilane, cyclopentyltrichlorosilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, 1,1-diethoxy-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyltriethoxysilane, (dimethylchlorosilyl) Methyl-7,7-dimethylnorpinane, (cyclohexylaminomethyl) methyldiethoxysilane, (3-cyclo Ntadienylpropyl) triethoxysilane, N, N-diethyl-3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl Triethoxysilane, (furfuryloxymethyl) triethoxysilane, 2-hydroxy-4- (3-triethoxypropoxy) diphenyl ketone, 3- (p-methoxyphenyl) propylmethyldichlorosilane, 3- (p-methoxyphenyl) ) Propyltrichlorosilane, p- (methylphenethyl) methyldichlorosilane, p- (methylphenethyl) trichlorosilane, p- (methylphenethyl) dimethylchlorosilane, 3-morpholinopropyltrimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) Mechi Diethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 1,2,3,4,7,7, -hexachloro-6-methyldiethoxysilyl-2-norbornene, 1,2,3,4,7, 7, -hexachloro-6-triethoxysilyl-2-norbornene, 3-iodopropyltrimethoxylane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, (mercaptomethyl) methyldiethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3- Mercaptopropyldimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methyl {2- (3-trimethoxysilylpropylamino) ethylamino} -3 -Propionate 7-octenyltrimethoxysilane, RN-α-phenethyl-N′-triethoxysilylpropylurea, S—N-α-phenethyl-N′-triethoxysilylpropylurea, phenethyltrimethoxysilane, phenethylmethyl Dimethoxysilane, phenethyldimethylmethoxysilane, phenethyldimethoxysilane, phenethyldiethoxysilane, phenethylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenethyldimethylethoxysilane, phenethyltriethoxysilane, (3-phenylpropyl) dimethylchlorosilane, (3-phenylpropyl) methyldi Chlorosilane, N-phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (triethoxysilylpropyl) dansilamide, N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole 2- (triethoxysilylethyl) -5- (chloroacetoxy) bicycloheptane, (S) -N-triethoxysilylpropyl-O-mentcarbamate, 3- (triethoxysilylpropyl) -p-nitrobenzamide, 3 -(Triethoxysilyl) propylsuccinic anhydride, N- [5- (trimethoxysilyl) -2-aza-1-oxo-pentyl] caprolactam, 2- (trimethoxysilylethyl) pyridine, N- (trimethoxy Silylethyl) benzyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride, phenylvinyldiethoxysilane, 3-thiocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2, -tetrahydrooctyl) triethoxysilane, N- {3- (triethoxysilyl) propi } Phthalamic acid, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) methyldimethoxysilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxysilane, 1-trimethoxysilyl-2- (chloromethyl) phenylethane 2- (trimethoxysilyl) ethylphenylsulfonyl azide, β-trimethoxysilylethyl-2-pyridine, trimethoxysilylpropyldiethylenetriamine, N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole, N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N , N, N-tributylammonium bromide, N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N, N-tributylammonium chloride, N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride, vinylmethyldiethoxylane, vinyl Ethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinyldimethylmethoxysilane, vinyldimethylethoxysilane, vinylmethyldichlorosilane, vinylphenyldichlorosilane, vinylphenyldiethoxysilane, vinylphenyldimethylsilane, vinylphenylmethylchlorosilane, vinyl Triphenoxysilane, vinyltris-t-butoxysilane, adamantylethyltrichlorosilane, allylphenyltrichlorosilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl) phenethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminophenoxydimethylvinylsilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, phenyldimethylchlorosilane, phenylmethyldi Chlorosilane, benzyltrichlorosilane, benzyldimethylchlorosilane, benzine Methyldichlorosilane, phenethyldiisopropylchlorosilane, phenethyltrichlorosilane, phenethyldimethylchlorosilane, phenethylmethyldichlorosilane, 5- (bicycloheptenyl) trichlorosilane, 5- (bicycloheptenyl) triethoxysilane, 2- (bicycloheptyl) dimethylchlorosilane 2- (bicycloheptyl) trichlorosilane, 1,4-bis (trimethoxysilylethyl) benzene, bromophenyltrichlorosilane, 3-phenoxypropyldimethylchlorosilane, 3-phenoxypropyltrichlorosilane, t-butylphenylchlorosilane, t- Butylphenylmethoxysilane, t-butylphenyldichlorosilane, p- (t-butyl) phenethyldimethylchlorosilane, p- (t-butyl) Enetiltrichlorosilane, 1,3- (chlorodimethylsilylmethyl) heptacosane, ((chloromethyl) phenylethyl) dimethylchlorosilane, ((chloromethyl) phenylethyl) methyldichlorosilane, ((chloromethyl) phenylethyl) tri Chlorosilane, ((chloromethyl) phenylethyl) trimethoxysilane, chlorophenyltrichlorosilane, 2-cyanoethyltrichlorosilane, 2-cyanoethylmethyldichlorosilane, 3-cyanopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropylmethyldichlorosilane, 3- Examples include cyanopropylmethyldichlorosilane, 3-cyanopropyldimethylethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropylmethyldichlorosilane, 3-cyanopropyltrichlorosilane, and fluorinated alkylsilane. Rukoto can may be used alone or in combination of two or more selected from these.

  Among these, hexamethyldisilazane is preferably used for the hydrophobization treatment. Thereby, the hydrophobicity of the granular material P111 can be made higher. Moreover, the uniformity of the degree of the hydrophobization treatment at each part (including the surface inside the hole P1111) of each particle P111 and each surface of the particle P111 can be easily and reliably increased.

  When the hydrophobization treatment using the silane compound is performed in the liquid phase, the desired reaction is preferably performed by immersing the particles P111 (mother particles) to be hydrophobized in the liquid containing the silane compound. It is possible to proceed, and a chemical adsorption film of a silane compound can be formed.

  Further, when the hydrophobization treatment using the silane compound is performed in the gas phase, the desired reaction is preferably caused to proceed by exposing the particles P111 (mother particles) to be hydrophobized to the vapor of the silane compound. And a silane compound chemisorbed film can be formed.

  The average particle diameter of the particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 μm or more and 25 μm or less, and more preferably 1 μm or more and 15 μm or less. As a result, the mechanical strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent, and the occurrence of unintentional irregularities in the produced three-dimensional structure P10 can be more effectively prevented. The dimensional accuracy of the shaped object P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, the fluidity of the powder for three-dimensional modeling and the fluidity of the composition (three-dimensional modeling composition) P11 containing the powder for three-dimensional modeling are particularly excellent, and the productivity of the three-dimensional modeling P10 is particularly excellent. Can be.

  In the present invention, the average particle diameter means a volume-based average particle diameter. For example, a dispersion obtained by adding a sample to methanol and dispersing for 3 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser (Coulter counter method particle size distribution analyzer ( It can be determined by measuring with a 50 μm aperture using COULTER ELECTRONICS INS TA-II type).

  The Dmax of the particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder is preferably 3 μm or more and 40 μm or less, and more preferably 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. As a result, the mechanical strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent, and the occurrence of unintentional irregularities in the produced three-dimensional structure P10 can be more effectively prevented. The dimensional accuracy of the shaped object P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, the fluidity of the powder for three-dimensional modeling and the fluidity of the composition (three-dimensional modeling composition) P11 containing the powder for three-dimensional modeling are particularly excellent, and the productivity of the three-dimensional modeling P10 is particularly excellent. Can be.

  The porosity of the particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 55% or more and 90% or less. As a result, a sufficient space (hole P1111) for the binder P121 to enter can be obtained, and the mechanical strength of the particles P111 itself can be made excellent. As a result, the binder P121 is contained in the hole P1111. The mechanical strength of the intruded three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. In the present invention, the porosity of particles (particles) refers to the ratio (volume ratio) of vacancies existing inside the particles to the apparent volume of the particles, and the density of the particles. Is a value represented by {(ρ0−ρ) / ρ0} × 100, where ρ [g / cm3] is the true density ρ0 [g / cm3] of the constituent material of the granules.

  The average pore diameter (pore diameter) of the granules P111 is preferably 10 nm or more, and more preferably 50 nm or more and 300 nm or less. Thereby, the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, in the case of using the binder liquid P12 (colored ink) containing a pigment for the production of the three-dimensional structure P10, the pigment can be suitably held in the pores P1111 of the particles P111. For this reason, unintentional diffusion of the pigment can be prevented, and a high-definition image can be more reliably formed.

  The particles P111 constituting the three-dimensional modeling powder may have any shape, but preferably have a spherical shape. Thereby, the fluidity of the powder for three-dimensional modeling, the fluidity of the composition (three-dimensional modeling composition) P11 including the powder for three-dimensional modeling is particularly excellent, and the productivity of the three-dimensional model P10 is particularly improved. While being able to be excellent, it is possible to more effectively prevent the occurrence of unintentional irregularities in the manufactured three-dimensional structure P10 and to make the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional structure P10 particularly excellent. Can do.

  The porosity of the three-dimensional modeling powder is preferably 70% or more and 98% or less, and more preferably 75% or more and 97.7% or less. Thereby, the mechanical strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, the fluidity of the powder for three-dimensional modeling and the fluidity of the composition (three-dimensional modeling composition) P11 containing the powder for three-dimensional modeling are particularly excellent, and the productivity of the three-dimensional modeling P10 is particularly excellent. In addition, it is possible to more effectively prevent the occurrence of unintentional irregularities in the manufactured three-dimensional structure P10 and to make the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional structure P10 particularly excellent. it can. In the present invention, the porosity of the three-dimensional modeling powder refers to the three-dimensional modeling powder with respect to the capacity of the container when a predetermined volume (for example, 100 mL) of the container is filled with the three-dimensional modeling powder. Is the ratio of the sum of the volume of pores of all the grains (particles) constituting the volume of voids existing between the grains (particles), and the bulk density of the powder for three-dimensional modeling is g / cm3], the true density of the constituent material of the three-dimensional modeling powder is 0 [g / cm3], which is a value represented by {(Ρ0−Ρ) / Ρ0} × 100.

  The content of the three-dimensional modeling powder in the composition (composition for three-dimensional modeling) P11 is preferably 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 15% by mass or more and 65% by mass or less. preferable. Thereby, the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent while sufficiently improving the fluidity of the composition (composition for three-dimensional structure) P11. .

(Water-soluble resin)
The composition P11 may include a water-soluble resin P112 together with the plurality of particles P111.

  By including the water-soluble resin P112, the particles P111 are bonded (temporarily fixed) to each other at the portion where the binding liquid P12 of the layer P1 is not applied (see FIG. 17), and the particles P111 are unintentionally scattered. It can prevent more effectively. Thereby, the further improvement of a worker's safety and the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional structure P10 manufactured can be aimed at.

  Even when the water-soluble resin P112 is included, if the particles P111 are subjected to a hydrophobic treatment, the water-soluble resin P112 enters the pores P1111 of the particles P111. Is effectively prevented. Therefore, the function of the water-soluble resin P112 for temporarily fixing the particles P111 is reliably exhibited, and the water-soluble resin P112 enters the pores P1111 of the particles P111 in advance, so that the binder P121. Occurrence of a problem that it is impossible to secure a space for entering can be more reliably prevented.

  The water-soluble resin P112 only needs to be at least partially soluble in water. For example, the solubility in water at 25 ° C. (mass soluble in 100 g of water) is 5 [g / 100 g water] or more. It is preferable that it is more than 10 [g / 100g water].

  As water-soluble resin P112, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polycaprolactam diol, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, modified polyamide, polyethyleneimine, polyethylene oxide, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide random Synthetic polymers such as copolymerized polymers, natural polymers such as corn starch, mannan, pectin, agar, alginic acid, dextran, glue, gelatin, semisynthetic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, oxidized starch, modified starch, etc. One or two or more selected from can be used in combination.

  Specific examples of the water-soluble resin product include, for example, methyl cellulose (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Metroise SM-15), hydroxyethyl cellulose (manufactured by Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., AL-15), hydroxypropyl cellulose (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., HPC- M), carboxymethyl cellulose (manufactured by Nichirin Chemical Co., Ltd., CMC-30), starch phosphate ester sodium (I) (manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd., Hoster 5100), polyvinylpyrrolidone (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., PVP K-90), Methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymer (manufactured by GAF Gauntlet, AN-139), polyacrylamide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), modified polyamide (modified nylon) (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., AQ nylon), polyethylene oxide (steel chemical company) Made by PEO-1, Meisei Chemical Industries, Arco ), Random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (manufactured by Meisei Chemical Co., Ltd., Alcox EP), sodium polyacrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), carboxyvinyl polymer / crosslinked acrylic water-soluble resin ( Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd., ACPEC) and the like.

  Especially, when the water-soluble resin P112 is polyvinyl alcohol, the mechanical strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, by adjusting the degree of saponification and the degree of polymerization, the characteristics of the water-soluble resin P112 (for example, water solubility and water resistance) and the characteristics of the composition P11 (for example, viscosity, fixing force of the particles P111, wettability, etc.) Can be controlled more suitably. For this reason, it can respond suitably by manufacture of various three-dimensional structure P10. Polyvinyl alcohol is inexpensive and stable in supply among various water-soluble resins. For this reason, stable three-dimensional structure P10 can be manufactured, suppressing production cost.

  When the water-soluble resin P112 contains polyvinyl alcohol, the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 85 or more and 90 or less. Thereby, the fall of the solubility of the polyvinyl alcohol with respect to water can be suppressed. Therefore, when composition P11 contains water, the adhesive fall between adjacent layers P1 can be controlled more effectively.

  When the water-soluble resin P112 contains polyvinyl alcohol, the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 300 or more and 1000 or less. Thereby, when the composition P11 contains water, the mechanical strength of each layer P1 and the adhesiveness between adjacent layers P1 can be made particularly excellent.

  Moreover, when the water-soluble resin P112 is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the following effects are obtained. That is, since polyvinylpyrrolidone is excellent in adhesiveness to various materials such as glass, metal, and plastic, the strength and shape stability of the portion to which the binding liquid P12 is not applied in the layer P1 are particularly excellent. The dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Moreover, since polyvinylpyrrolidone shows high solubility with respect to various organic solvents, when the composition P11 contains an organic solvent, the fluidity of the composition P11 can be made particularly excellent. Therefore, it is possible to suitably form the layer P1 in which variations in thickness are more effectively prevented, and the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. In addition, since polyvinylpyrrolidone exhibits high solubility in water, in the unbonded particle removal step (after the completion of modeling), among the particles P111 constituting each layer P1, those that are not bound by the binder P121 Can be easily and reliably removed. Polyvinylpyrrolidone has moderate affinity with the powder for three-dimensional modeling, so that it does not sufficiently enter the pores P1111 as described above, while the surface of the particles P111. The wettability to is relatively high. For this reason, the temporary fixing function as described above can be more effectively exhibited. Moreover, since polyvinylpyrrolidone is excellent in affinity with various colorants, when the binding liquid P12 containing the colorant is used in the binding liquid application step, the colorant diffuses unintentionally. Can be effectively prevented. Further, when the paste-like composition P11 contains polyvinylpyrrolidone, it is possible to effectively prevent bubbles from being entrained in the composition P11, and defects due to entrainment of bubbles occur in the layer forming step. This can be effectively prevented.

  When the water-soluble resin P112 contains polyvinyl pyrrolidone, the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is preferably 10,000 or more and 170,000 or less, and more preferably 30,000 or more and 1500,000 or less. Thereby, the function mentioned above can be exhibited more effectively.

  In addition, when the water-soluble resin P112 is polycaprolactam diol, the composition P11 can be suitably formed into a pellet, and unintentional scattering of the particles P111 can be more effectively prevented. The handling property (ease of handling) of P11 is improved, the safety of the worker and the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional structure P10 to be manufactured can be improved, and the P11 can be melted at a relatively low temperature. Therefore, the energy and cost required for the production of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be suppressed, and the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made sufficiently excellent.

  When the water-soluble resin P112 contains polycaprolactam diol, the weight average molecular weight of the polycaprolactam diol is preferably 10,000 or more and 170,000 or less, and more preferably 30,000 or more and 1500,000 or less. Thereby, the function mentioned above can be exhibited more effectively.

  In the composition P11, the water-soluble resin P112 is preferably in a liquid state (for example, a dissolved state, a molten state, etc.) at least in the layer forming step. Thereby, the uniformity of the thickness of layer P1 formed using composition P11 can be made higher easily and reliably.

(solvent)
The composition P11 may contain a volatile solvent (not shown in FIG. 17) in addition to the components described above.

  Thereby, the composition P11 can be suitably in a paste-like form, the fluidity of the composition P11 is stably excellent, and the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 is particularly excellent. Can do.

  It is preferable that the solvent dissolves the water-soluble resin P112. Thereby, the fluidity | liquidity of the composition P11 can be made favorable and the unintentional dispersion | variation in the thickness of the layer P1 formed using the composition P11 can be prevented more effectively. In addition, when the layer P1 in a state where the solvent is removed is formed, the water-soluble resin P112 can be adhered to the particles P111 with higher uniformity over the entire layer P1, and an uneven composition unevenness occurs. Can be more effectively prevented. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the unintentional dispersion | variation in the mechanical strength in each site | part of the three-dimensional structure P10 finally obtained can be prevented more effectively, and the reliability of the three-dimensional structure P10 is higher. Can be. In the configuration shown in FIG. 17, the solvent is not shown, but the solvent is shown as being attached to a part of the outer surface of the particle P111 in a state where the water-soluble resin P112 is deposited. In the case where the solvent is contained, for example, the water-soluble resin P112 is contained in the composition P11 in a state dissolved in the solvent, and this solution is a surface of the particle P111 (for example, a surface other than the pores P1111 of the particle P111). ) May be present in a wet state.

  Examples of the solvent constituting the composition P11 include water; alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and acetone; glycol ether solvents such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Glycol glycol acetate solvents such as propylene glycol 1-monomethyl ether 2-acetate and propylene glycol 1-monoethyl ether 2-acetate; polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and the like, and one or more selected from these Can be used in combination.

  Especially, it is preferable that the composition P11 contains water. Thereby, the water-soluble resin P112 can be more reliably dissolved, and the fluidity of the composition P11 and the uniformity of the composition of the layer P1 formed using the composition P11 can be made particularly excellent. . Further, water is easy to remove after the formation of the layer P1, and even when it remains in the three-dimensional structure P10, it is difficult to adversely affect the water. Moreover, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of safety to the human body and environmental problems.

  When the composition P11 includes a solvent, the content of the solvent in the composition P11 is preferably 5% by mass or more and 75% by mass or less, and more preferably 35% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less. Thereby, while the effect by including a solvent as mentioned above is exhibited more notably, since a solvent can be easily removed in a short time in the manufacturing process of three-dimensional structure P10, three-dimensional structure P10 This is advantageous from the viewpoint of improving productivity.

  In particular, when the composition P11 contains water as a solvent, the content of water in the composition P11 is preferably 20% by mass to 73% by mass, and more preferably 50% by mass to 70% by mass. Is more preferable. Thereby, the effects as described above are more remarkably exhibited.

(Other ingredients)
Further, the composition P11 may contain components other than those described above. Examples of such components include a polymerization initiator; a polymerization accelerator; a penetration accelerator; a wetting agent (humectant); a fixing agent; an antifungal agent; an antiseptic; an antioxidant; an ultraviolet absorber; Examples include regulators.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the composition ejected by the ink jet method as described in the second embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention and the second embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention will be described.

  In the present embodiment, the substantial part forming ink P16 'and the supporting part forming ink P17' are used as the composition.

<Ink for forming substantial part>
The entity forming ink P16 ′ includes at least a curable resin (curing component).

(Curable resin)
Examples of the curable resin (curing component) include a thermosetting resin; a visible light curable resin (narrowly defined photocurable resin) that is cured by light in the visible light region, an ultraviolet curable resin, an infrared curable resin, and the like. Various photo-curable resins; X-ray curable resins and the like can be mentioned, and one or two or more selected from these can be used in combination.

  In particular, from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the obtained three-dimensional structure P10, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10, the storage stability of the ink P16 ′ for forming the substantial part, etc., in particular, an ultraviolet curable resin (polymerizable compound). Is preferred.

  As the ultraviolet curable resin (polymerizable compound), a resin in which addition polymerization or ring-opening polymerization is initiated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays by radical species or cationic species generated from a photopolymerization initiator, and a polymer is preferably used. . Examples of the polymerization mode of addition polymerization include radical, cation, anion, metathesis, and coordination polymerization. Examples of the ring-opening polymerization method include cation, anion, radical, metathesis, and coordination polymerization.

  Examples of the addition polymerizable compound include compounds having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond. As the addition polymerizable compound, a compound having at least one, preferably two or more terminal ethylenically unsaturated bonds can be preferably used.

  The ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable compound has a chemical form of a monofunctional polymerizable compound and a polyfunctional polymerizable compound, or a mixture thereof.

  Examples of the monofunctional polymerizable compound include unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.), esters thereof, amides, and the like.

  As the polyfunctional polymerizable compound, an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol compound, or an amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an aliphatic amine compound is used.

  In addition, unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having nucleophilic substituents such as hydroxyl group, amino group, mercapto group and the like, addition products of isocyanates and epoxies, dehydration condensation products of carboxylic acids, etc. Can be used. In addition, addition reaction products of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having an electrophilic substituent such as an isocyanate group or an epoxy group with alcohols, amines and thiols, as well as removal of halogen groups, tosyloxy groups, etc. A substitution reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a releasing substituent and an alcohol, amine or thiol can also be used.

  Specific examples of the radical polymerizable compound that is an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol compound include, for example, (meth) acrylic acid ester, which is either monofunctional or polyfunctional. Can also be used.

  Specific examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, tolyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, phenyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (Meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, ethoxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (2-vinyloxyethoxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxy- Examples include 3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate.

  Specific examples of the bifunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, tetramethylene glycol di (meth) ) Acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-cyclohexanediol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, penta Examples include erythritol di (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate.

  Specific examples of the trifunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane alkylene oxide-modified tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri ( (Meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri ((meth) acryloyloxypropyl) ether, isocyanuric acid alkylene oxide modified tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate propionate, tri ((Meth) acryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, hydroxypivalaldehyde-modified dimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, sorbitol tri ( Data) acrylate, and the like.

  Specific examples of the tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, sorbitol tetra (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate propionate, Examples include ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate.

  Specific examples of the pentafunctional (meth) acrylate include sorbitol penta (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate.

  Specific examples of the hexafunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, sorbitol hexa (meth) acrylate, phosphazene alkylene oxide modified hexa (meth) acrylate, captolactone modified dipentaerythritol hexa ( And (meth) acrylate.

  Examples of the polymerizable compound other than (meth) acrylate include itaconic acid ester, crotonic acid ester, isocrotonic acid ester, maleic acid ester and the like.

  Examples of itaconic acid esters include ethylene glycol diitaconate, propylene glycol diitaconate, 1,3-butanediol diitaconate, 1,4-butanediol diitaconate, tetramethylene glycol diitaconate, and pentaerythritol diesterate. Examples include itaconate and sorbitol tetritaconate.

  Examples of crotonic acid esters include ethylene glycol dicrotonate, tetramethylene glycol dicrotonate, pentaerythritol dicrotonate, and sorbitol tetradicrotonate.

  Examples of the isocrotonic acid ester include ethylene glycol diisocrotonate, pentaerythritol diisocrotonate, and sorbitol tetraisocrotonate.

  Examples of maleic acid esters include ethylene glycol dimaleate, triethylene glycol dimaleate, pentaerythritol dimaleate, and sorbitol tetramaleate.

  Examples of other esters include aliphatic alcohol esters described in JP-B-46-27926, JP-B-51-47334, JP-A-57-196231, and JP-A-59- Those having an aromatic skeleton described in Japanese Patent No. 5240, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-5241, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-226149, and those containing an amino group described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-165613 are also used. be able to.

  Specific examples of the amide monomer of unsaturated carboxylic acid and aliphatic amine compound include, for example, methylene bis-acrylamide, methylene bis-methacrylamide, 1,6-hexamethylene bis-acrylamide, 1,6-hexamethylene bis. -Methacrylamide, diethylenetriamine trisacrylamide, xylylene bisacrylamide, xylylene bismethacrylamide, (meth) acryloylmorpholine and the like.

  Examples of other preferable amide monomers include those having a cyclohexylene structure described in JP-B No. 54-21726.

  In addition, a urethane-based addition polymerizable compound produced by using an addition reaction between an isocyanate and a hydroxyl group is also suitable. As such a specific example, for example, one molecule described in JP-B-48-41708 A vinyl urethane compound containing two or more polymerizable vinyl groups in one molecule obtained by adding a vinyl monomer containing a hydroxyl group represented by the following formula (1) to a polyisocyanate compound having two or more isocyanate groups. Etc.

CH2 = C (R1) COOCH2CH (R2) OH (1)
(In the formula (1), R1 and R2 each independently represent H or CH3.)
In the present invention, a cationic ring-opening polymerizable compound having at least one cyclic ether group such as an epoxy group or an oxetane group in the molecule can be suitably used as the ultraviolet curable resin (polymerizable compound).

  Examples of the cationic polymerizable compound include a curable compound containing a ring-opening polymerizable group, and among them, a heterocyclic group-containing curable compound is particularly preferable. Examples of such curable compounds include epoxy derivatives, oxetane derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, cyclic lactone derivatives, cyclic carbonate derivatives, cyclic imino ethers such as oxazoline derivatives, and vinyl ethers. Derivatives and vinyl ethers are preferred.

  Examples of preferred epoxy derivatives include monofunctional glycidyl ethers, polyfunctional glycidyl ethers, monofunctional alicyclic epoxies, polyfunctional alicyclic epoxies, and the like.

  Specific examples of glycidyl ethers include, for example, diglycidyl ethers (for example, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, etc.), trifunctional or higher glycidyl ethers (for example, trimethylolethane triglycidyl). Ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate, etc.), tetra- or higher functional glycidyl ethers (for example, sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycyl ether, poly of cresol novolac resin) Glycidyl ether, polyglycidyl ether of phenol novolac resin, etc.), alicyclic epoxies (eg, Celoxide 2) 21P, Celoxide 2081, Epolide GT-301, Epolide GT-401 (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), EHPE (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), polycyclohexyl epoxy methyl ether of phenol novolac resin, etc. Oxetanes (for example, OX-SQ, PNOX-1009 (above, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.)) and the like.

  As the polymerizable compound, an alicyclic epoxy derivative can be preferably used. The “alicyclic epoxy group” refers to a partial structure obtained by epoxidizing a double bond of a cycloalkene ring such as a cyclopentene group or a cyclohexene group with an appropriate oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or peracid.

  The alicyclic epoxy compound is preferably a polyfunctional alicyclic epoxy having two or more cyclohexene oxide groups or cyclopentene oxide groups in one molecule. Specific examples of the alicyclic epoxy compound include, for example, 4-vinylcyclohexylene dioxide, (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, di (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) adipate, Examples include di (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, bis (2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether, di (2,3-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate, and dicyclopentadiene dioxide.

  The glycidyl compound which has a normal epoxy group which does not have an alicyclic structure in a molecule | numerator can be used independently, or can also be used together with the said alicyclic epoxy compound.

  Examples of such normal glycidyl compounds include glycidyl ether compounds and glycidyl ester compounds, but it is preferable to use glycidyl ether compounds in combination.

  Specific examples of the glycidyl ether compound include 1,3-bis (2,3-epoxypropyloxy) benzene, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac. Glycidyl ether compounds such as epoxy resin, trisphenol methane epoxy resin, aliphatic glycidyl ethers such as 1,4-butanediol glycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane tritriglycidyl ether Compounds and the like. Examples of the glycidyl ester include a glycidyl ester of linolenic acid dimer.

  As the polymerizable compound, a compound having an oxetanyl group which is a 4-membered cyclic ether (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “oxetane compound”) can be used. An oxetanyl group-containing compound is a compound having one or more oxetanyl groups in one molecule.

  Among the above-mentioned curing components, the substantial part-forming ink P16 ′ is, in particular, 2- (2-vinyloxyethoxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, a polyether aliphatic urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer, 2-hydroxy- It is preferable to include one or more selected from the group consisting of 3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate.

  Thereby, the mechanical strength and shape stability of the substantial part 11 formed by curing the substantial part forming ink P <b> 16 ′ can be made particularly excellent. As a result, the strength, durability, and reliability of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  Further, by including these curing components, the solubility and swelling property of the cured product of the substantial part forming ink P16 'in various solvents (for example, water) can be made particularly low. As a result, in the support portion removing step, the support portion P17 can be more reliably removed with high selectivity, and unintentional deformation due to a defect in the substantial portion 11 can be prevented. As a result, the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be increased more reliably.

  Further, since the swellability (solvent absorbability) of the cured product of the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ can be reduced, for example, a drying process as a post-process after the support part removing step is omitted or simplified. can do. Moreover, since the solvent resistance of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 is also improved, the reliability of the three-dimensional structure P10 is particularly high.

  In particular, if the ink P16 ′ for forming the substantial part contains 2- (2-vinyloxyethoxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, it is less susceptible to oxygen inhibition and can be cured with lower energy. Copolymerization including the monomer is promoted, and the strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly high.

  Further, when the solid part forming ink P16 'includes a polyether-based aliphatic urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer, it is possible to achieve both higher strength and higher toughness of the three-dimensional structure P10 at a higher level.

  In addition, if the substantial part forming ink P16 'contains 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, it has flexibility and can improve elongation at break.

  Moreover, if the ink P16 ′ for forming the substantial part contains 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, adhesion to PMMA, PEMA particles, silica particles, metal particles, etc. is improved, and the strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 is increased. It can be particularly high.

  The solid part forming ink P16 ′ has the above-mentioned specific curing components ((meth) acrylic acid 2- (2-vinyloxyethoxy) ethyl, polyether aliphatic urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxy. Propyl (meth) acrylate, and one or two or more selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate), the corresponding to all the curable components constituting the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ The ratio of the specific curing component is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 100% by mass. Thereby, the effects as described above are more remarkably exhibited.

  The content of the curing component in the substantial part forming ink P16 'is preferably 80% by mass or more and 97% by mass or less, and more preferably 85% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less.

  Thereby, the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

(Polymerization initiator)
In addition, the substance forming ink P16 ′ preferably contains a polymerization initiator.

  Thereby, the curing speed of the entity forming ink P16 'at the time of manufacturing the three-dimensional structure P10 can be increased, and the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  Examples of the polymerization initiator include photo radical polymerization initiators (aromatic ketones, acylphosphine oxide compounds, aromatic onium salt compounds, organic peroxides, thio compounds (thioxanthone compounds, thiophenyl group-containing compounds), hexaary, and the like. A rubiimidazole compound, a ketoxime ester compound, a borate compound, an azinium compound, a metallocene compound, an active ester compound, a compound having a carbon halogen bond, an alkylamine compound, etc.), a photocationic polymerization initiator, etc. Are acetophenone, acetophenone benzyl ketal, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, xanthone, fluorenone, benzaldehyde, fluorene, anthraquinone, tri Phenylamine, carbazole, 3-methylacetophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, Michler's ketone, benzoinpropyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzyldimethyl ketal, 1- (4-isopropyl Phenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, thioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2- Methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholino-propan-1-one, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethyl And azoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, and bis- (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide, and the like. One kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used.

  Among them, as a polymerization initiator constituting the ink P16 ′ for forming the substantial part, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide and / or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl- It preferably contains phosphine oxide.

  By including such a polymerization initiator, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent while the appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 is more reliably improved.

  Further, the mechanical strength and shape stability of the substantial portion 11 formed by curing the substantial portion forming ink P16 'can be made particularly excellent. As a result, the strength, durability, and reliability of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  The specific value of the content of the polymerization initiator in the entity forming ink P16 ′ is preferably 3.0% by mass or more and 18% by mass or less, and more preferably 5.0% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less. More preferably.

  Thereby, while making the external appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 more excellent, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, the mechanical strength and shape stability of the substantial portion 11 formed by curing the substantial portion forming ink P16 'can be made particularly excellent. As a result, the strength, durability, and reliability of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

(Other ingredients)
Further, the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ may include components other than those described above.

  Examples of such components include various colorants such as pigments and dyes, various fluorescent materials, various phosphorescent materials, various phosphorescent materials, infrared absorbing materials, dispersants, surfactants, sensitizers, polymerization accelerators, solvents Penetration enhancer; wetting agent (moisturizing agent); fixing agent; antifungal agent; preservative; antioxidant; ultraviolet absorber; chelating agent; pH adjusting agent; Etc.

  In particular, the three-dimensional structure P10 colored in a color corresponding to the color of the colorant can be obtained by including the colorant in the substance forming ink P16 '. In addition, when at least one of the first substance forming ink (virtual image forming ink) P16A ′ and the second substance forming ink P16B ′ contains a colorant, the lens assembly P5 is used. The visibility of the virtual image can be made particularly excellent.

  Further, a variety of virtual image patterns can be formed by using a plurality of types of first substance forming ink (virtual image forming ink) P16A 'that include colorants having different compositions.

  In the case where both of the first substance forming ink (virtual image forming ink) P16A ′ and the second substance forming ink P16B ′ contain a colorant, these inks have different kinds of colorants ( It is preferable that a colorant having a different color is included. Thereby, the effect mentioned above is exhibited more notably.

  In particular, by including a pigment as the colorant, the light resistance of the substantial part forming ink P16 'and the three-dimensional structure P10 can be improved. As the pigment, either an inorganic pigment or an organic pigment can be used.

  Examples of the inorganic pigment include carbon blacks (CI pigment black 7) such as furnace black, lamp black, acetylene black, channel black, iron oxide, titanium oxide, and the like, and one kind selected from these. Alternatively, two or more kinds can be used in combination.

  Among the inorganic pigments, titanium oxide is preferable in order to exhibit a preferable white color.

  Examples of the organic pigment include azo pigments such as insoluble azo pigments, condensed azo pigments, azo lakes and chelate azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene and perinone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, dioxane pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, and quinophthalone. Polycyclic pigments such as pigments, dye chelates (for example, basic dye type chelates, acidic dye type chelates), dyeing lakes (basic dye type lakes, acid dye type lakes), nitro pigments, nitroso pigments, aniline black, etc. 1 type or 2 types or more selected from these can be used in combination.

  More specifically, as carbon black used as a black (black) pigment, for example, No. 2300, no. 900, MCF88, No. 33, no. 40, no. 45, no. 52, MA7, MA8, MA100, no. 2200B and the like (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Raven 5750, Raven 5250, Raven 5000, Raven 3500, Raven 1255, Raven 700, etc. (and above, manufactured by Columbia Columbia), Regal 400R, Rega1 330R, Rega1 660R, Mogul L, Monarch 700, Monarch 800, Monarch 880, Monarch 900, Monarch 1000, Monarch 1100, Monarch 1300, Monarch 1400, etc. (above, manufactured by CABOT JAPAN K. C. Black FW1, Color Black FW2, Color Black FW2V, Color Black FW18, Color Black FW200, Color B1ack S150, Color Black S160, Color Black S170, Printex 35, Printex U, Printex V, Printex 140U, Special Black 6S Degussa)).

  Examples of white pigments include C.I. I. Pigment white 6, 18, 21 and the like.

  Examples of yellow (yellow) pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 24, 34, 35, 37, 53, 55, 65, 73, 74, 75, 81, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 120, 124, 128, 129, 133, 138, 139, 147, 151, 153, 154, 167, 172, 180 and the like.

  Examples of magenta pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 48 (Ca), 48 (Mn), 57 (Ca), 57: 1, 88, 112, 114, 122, 123, 144, 146, 149, 150, 166, 168 170, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 187, 202, 209, 219, 224, 245, or C.I. I. Pigment violet 19, 23, 32, 33, 36, 38, 43, 50 and the like.

  Examples of the violet (cyan) pigment include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 1, 2, 3, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15:34, 15: 4, 16, 18, 22, 25, 60, 65, 66, C.I. I. Bat Blue 4, 60 and the like.

  Examples of other pigments include C.I. I. Pigment green 7,10, C.I. I. Pigment brown 3, 5, 25, 26, C.I. I. Pigment orange 1, 2, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 24, 34, 36, 38, 40, 43, 63, and the like.

  When the substance forming ink P16 'contains a pigment, the average particle diameter of the pigment is preferably 300 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or more and 250 nm or less.

  As a result, the ejection stability of the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ and the dispersion stability of the pigment in the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ can be made particularly excellent, and an image with better image quality can be formed. be able to.

  Examples of the dye include acid dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, basic dyes, and the like, and one or more selected from these can be used in combination.

  Specific examples of the dye include C.I. I. Acid Yellow 17, 23, 42, 44, 79, 142, C.I. I. Acid Red 80, 82, 249, 254, 289, C.I. I. Acid Blue 9, 45, 249, C.I. I. Acid Black 1, 2, 24, 94, C.I. I. Food Black 1, 2, C.I. I. Direct Yellow 1,12,24,33,50,55,58,86,132,142,144,173, C.I. I. Direct Red 1,4,9,80,81,225,227, C.I. I. Direct Blue 1, 2, 15, 71, 86, 87, 98, 165, 199, 202, C.I. I. Directed Black 19, 38, 51, 71, 154, 168, 171, 195, C.I. I. Reactive Red 14, 32, 55, 79, 249, C.I. I. Reactive black 3, 4, 35 etc. are mentioned.

  When the entity part forming ink P16 'contains a colorant, the content of the colorant in the entity part forming ink P16' is preferably 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. Thereby, particularly excellent concealability and color reproducibility can be obtained.

  In particular, when the substance forming ink P16 ′ contains titanium oxide as a colorant, the content of titanium oxide in the substance forming ink P16 ′ is preferably 12% by mass or more and 18% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 14 mass% or more and 16 mass% or less. Thereby, a particularly excellent concealing property can be obtained.

  In addition, if the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ contains a fluorescent material, it is possible to more effectively prevent adverse effects on the appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 in a normal environment, and a predetermined light source when necessary. It is possible to easily and reliably read information based on a virtual image using the.

  Further, by using the substantial part forming ink P16 'containing a fluorescent material together with the substantial part forming ink P16' containing a colorant, more various virtual image patterns can be formed.

  Examples of the fluorescent material constituting the entity forming ink P16 'include C.I. I. Direct Yellow 87, C.I. I. Acid Red 52, C.I. I. Acid Red 92, Brilliant sulfoflavin, eosin, basic flavin, acridine orange, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B and the like.

  In addition, the same effect as described above can be obtained even when the substantial part forming ink P <b> 16 ′ includes a phosphorescent material and a phosphorescent material.

  Examples of the phosphorescent material constituting the entity forming ink P16 ′ include, for example, alkaline earth sulfides such as zinc, calcium, strontium, and barium, phosphorescent materials such as strontium aluminate, and zinc sulfide. Inorganic fluorescent materials such as sulfides and oxides.

  Examples of the phosphorescent material constituting the entity forming ink P16 'include iridium complexes and cyclometalated complexes.

  Further, when the substance forming ink P16 'contains an infrared absorbing material, for example, the following effects can be obtained. That is, if the first entity forming ink (virtual image forming ink) P16A ′ includes an infrared absorbing material, the first entity that preferentially absorbs infrared rays and generates heat from the three-dimensional structure P10 by thermography. The virtual image obtained by the part P16A can be read. Further, the security of information written on the three-dimensional structure is further improved.

  Examples of the infrared absorbing material constituting the entity forming ink P16 'include ITO and ATO fine particles.

  When the substantial part forming ink P <b> 16 ′ includes a dispersoid such as a pigment, the dispersibility of the dispersoid can be further improved by further including a dispersant.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a dispersing agent, For example, the dispersing agent currently used in preparing pigment dispersion liquids, such as a polymer dispersing agent, is mentioned.

  Specific examples of the polymer dispersant include, for example, polyoxyalkylene polyalkylene polyamine, vinyl polymer and copolymer, acrylic polymer and copolymer, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyurethane, amino polymer, silicon-containing polymer, and sulfur-containing polymer. , Fluorine-containing polymers, and epoxy resins having one or more types as main components.

  Commercially available polymer dispersants include, for example, Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd. Ajisper series, Solsperse series (Solsperse 36000, etc.) available from Noveon, BYK Co., Ltd. Dispersic series, Enomoto Kasei The company's Disparon series, etc. are listed.

  When the entity portion forming ink P16 'includes a surfactant, the three-dimensional structure P10 can have better abrasion resistance.

  The surfactant is not particularly limited. For example, polyester-modified silicone or polyether-modified silicone as a silicone-based surfactant can be used, and among them, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane or polyester-modified polydimethylsiloxane. Is preferably used.

  Specific examples of the surfactant include, for example, BYK-347, BYK-348, BYK-UV3500, 3510, 3530, 3570 (above, trade names manufactured by BYK).

  Further, the substantial part forming ink P16 'may include a solvent.

  Thereby, the viscosity adjustment of the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ can be suitably performed, and even if the substantial part forming ink P16 ′ includes a high-viscosity component, the ink jet system of the substantial part forming ink P16 ′. It is possible to make the discharge stability by the particularly excellent.

  Examples of the solvent include (poly) alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, iso-acetate Acetates such as propyl, n-butyl acetate and iso-butyl acetate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, acetylacetone, etc. Ketones: Examples include alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol, and one or more selected from these can be used in combination.

  The viscosity of the substantial part forming ink P16 'is preferably 10 mPa · s to 30 mPa · s, and more preferably 15 mPa · s to 25 mPa · s.

  As a result, the ejection stability of the substantial part forming ink P16 'by the ink jet method can be made particularly excellent. In addition, in this specification, a viscosity means the value measured in 25 degreeC using an E-type viscosity meter (Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd. VISCONIC ELD).

<Ink for forming support part>
The support forming ink P17 ′ contains at least a curable resin (curing component).

(Curable resin)
Examples of the curable resin (curing component) constituting the support portion forming ink P17 ′ include the same curable resin (curing component) as exemplified as the constituent component of the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′.

  In particular, the curable resin (curing component) constituting the support portion forming ink P17 ′ and the curable resin (curing component) constituting the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ are cured by the same type of energy rays. It is preferable.

  Thereby, it can prevent effectively that the structure of a three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus becomes complicated, and can make the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 particularly excellent. Moreover, the surface shape of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be controlled more reliably.

  The support portion forming ink P17 ′ is, among various curing components, particularly tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, ethoxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acryloylmorpholine. It is preferable that 1 type or 2 types or more selected from the group which consists of is included.

  Thereby, while making the external appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 more excellent, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  Further, the mechanical strength and shape stability of the support portion P17 formed by curing the support portion forming ink P17 'can be made particularly excellent. As a result, when the three-dimensional structure P10 is manufactured, the lower layer (first layer) support portion P17 more preferably supports the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ for forming the upper layer (second layer). Can do. Therefore, unintentional deformation (particularly sagging or the like) of the substantial part 11 can be more suitably prevented, and the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be further improved.

  In particular, if the support portion forming ink P17 'contains (meth) acryloylmorpholine, the following effects can be obtained.

  That is, (meth) acryloylmorpholine is soluble in various solvents such as water in a state where it is not completely cured even when the curing reaction proceeds (a polymer of (meth) acryloylmorpholine in a state where it is not completely cured). A high state is high. Therefore, in the support part removing step as described above, it is possible to selectively and reliably and efficiently remove the support part P17 while more effectively preventing the substantial part 11 from being defective. As a result, the three-dimensional structure P10 having a desired form can be obtained with higher productivity and higher reliability.

  Further, when the support portion forming ink P17 ′ contains tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, the flexibility after curing can be more suitably maintained, and it is easier in the treatment with the liquid to remove the support portion P17. The removal efficiency of the support part P17 can be further increased by becoming a gel.

  Further, when the support portion forming ink P17 'contains ethoxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, the removal efficiency of the support portion P17 can be increased in the treatment with the liquid for removing the support portion P17.

  Further, when the support portion forming ink P17 ′ contains polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, when the liquid for removing the support portion P17 is mainly composed of water, the solubility in the liquid is increased. The support part P17 can be removed more easily.

  The support portion forming ink P17 ′ is composed of the specific curing component (tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, ethoxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate), and (meth) acryloylmorpholine described above. 1 type or two or more types selected from the above), the ratio of the specific curing component to the total curing component constituting the support portion forming ink P17 ′ is preferably 80% by mass or more, 90 More preferably, it is at least 100% by mass, even more preferably 100% by mass. Thereby, the effects as described above are more remarkably exhibited.

  The content of the curing component in the support portion forming ink P17 'is preferably 83% by mass or more and 98.5% by mass or less, and more preferably 87% by mass or more and 95.4% by mass or less.

  Thereby, the stability of the shape of the support part P17 to be formed can be made particularly excellent, and when the layer P1 is stacked at the time of manufacturing the three-dimensional structure P10, the lower layer P1 is not good. Deformation can be prevented more effectively, and the upper layer P1 can be suitably supported. As a result, the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. Further, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

(Polymerization initiator)
In addition, the support portion forming ink P17 ′ preferably contains a polymerization initiator.

  Thereby, the curing speed of the support portion forming ink P17 'at the time of manufacturing the three-dimensional structure P10 can be appropriately increased, and the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  Further, the stability of the shape of the formed support portion P17 can be made particularly excellent. When the layer P1 is stacked at the time of manufacturing the three-dimensional structure P10, the lower layer P1 is unwilling. Can be more effectively prevented, and the upper layer P1 can be suitably supported. As a result, the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  Examples of the polymerization initiator constituting the support portion forming ink P17 'include the same polymerization initiators exemplified as the constituent components of the substantial portion forming ink P16'.

  Among them, the support portion forming ink P17 ′ has, as a polymerization initiator, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide and / or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine. It is preferable that it contains an oxide.

  By including such a polymerization initiator, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent while the appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 is more reliably improved.

  Further, the mechanical strength and shape stability of the support portion P17 formed by curing the support portion forming ink P17 'can be made particularly excellent. As a result, when the three-dimensional structure P10 is manufactured, the lower layer (first layer) support portion P17 more preferably supports the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ for forming the upper layer (second layer). Can do. Therefore, unintentional deformation (particularly sagging or the like) of the substantial part 11 can be more suitably prevented, and the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be further improved.

  The specific value of the content of the polymerization initiator in the support portion forming ink P17 ′ is preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 17% by mass or less, and is preferably 4.6% by mass or more and 13% by mass or less. More preferably.

  Thereby, while making the external appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 more excellent, the productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

  Further, the mechanical strength and shape stability of the support portion P17 formed by curing the support portion forming ink P17 'can be made particularly excellent. As a result, when the three-dimensional structure P10 is manufactured, the lower layer (first layer) support portion P17 more preferably supports the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′ for forming the upper layer (second layer). Can do. Therefore, unintentional deformation (particularly sagging or the like) of the substantial part 11 can be more suitably prevented, and the dimensional accuracy of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be further improved.

(Other ingredients)
Further, the support portion forming ink P17 ′ may include components other than those described above. Examples of such components include various colorants such as pigments and dyes, dispersants, surfactants, sensitizers, polymerization accelerators, solvents, penetration accelerators, wetting agents (humectants), fixing agents, and prevention agents. Examples include glazes; antiseptics; antioxidants; ultraviolet absorbers; chelating agents; pH adjusters; thickeners; fillers;

  In particular, since the support portion forming ink P17 ′ includes a colorant, the visibility of the support portion P17 is improved, and in the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10, at least a part of the support portion P17 is unintentionally. It can prevent more reliably remaining.

  Examples of the colorant constituting the support portion forming ink P17 ′ include the same colorants as exemplified as the constituent components of the substantial portion forming ink P16 ′, but the method of the surface of the three-dimensional structure P10 is exemplified. When observed from the line direction, the color of the solid part 11 overlapping the support part P17 formed by the support part forming ink P17 ′ (color to be visually recognized on the appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10) is different. Such a colorant is preferred. Thereby, the effects as described above are more remarkably exhibited.

  When the support portion forming ink P <b> 17 ′ includes a pigment, the dispersibility of the pigment can be further improved by further including a dispersant. Examples of the dispersant constituting the support portion forming ink P17 'include the same dispersants as exemplified as the constituent components of the substantial portion forming ink P16'.

  Further, the viscosity of the support portion forming ink P17 'is preferably 10 mPa · s to 30 mPa · s, and more preferably 15 mPa · s to 25 mPa · s.

  Thereby, the ejection stability of the support portion forming ink P17 'by the ink jet method can be made particularly excellent.

  In addition, a plurality of types of support portion forming inks P <b> 17 ′ may be used for manufacturing the three-dimensional structure P <b> 10.

<Binding liquid>
Next, the binding liquid used for manufacturing the three-dimensional structure of the present invention (the first embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention described above, the binding liquid used in the first embodiment of the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention) ) Will be described in detail.
The binding liquid P12 contains at least a binder P121.

(Binder)
The binder P121 may be any material as long as it has a function of binding the particles P111. However, the binder P121 has pores P1111 as will be described in detail later as the particles P111, and has a hydrophobic treatment. When using what was given, it is preferable that it is hydrophobic (lipophilic). Thereby, the affinity between the binding liquid P12 and the particles P111 subjected to the hydrophobic treatment can be increased, and the binding liquid P12 is applied to the layer P1, whereby the binding liquid P12 is It is possible to suitably enter the pores P1111 of the particles P111 that have been subjected to the hydrophobic treatment. As a result, the anchor effect by the binder P121 is suitably exhibited, and the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent. The hydrophobic binder P121 may have any sufficiently low affinity for water. For example, the solubility in water at 25 ° C. is preferably 1 [g / 100 g water] or less.

  Examples of the binder P121 include a thermoplastic resin; a thermosetting resin; a visible light curable resin (a photocurable resin in a narrow sense) that is cured by light in the visible light region, an ultraviolet curable resin, and an infrared curable resin. Various photo-curable resins; X-ray curable resins and the like can be mentioned, and one or two or more selected from these can be used in combination. Especially, it is preferable that binder P121 contains curable resin from viewpoints, such as mechanical strength of the three-dimensional structure P10 obtained, and productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10. Among various curable resins, in particular, from the viewpoints of mechanical strength of the obtained three-dimensional structure P10, productivity of the three-dimensional structure P10, storage stability of the binding liquid P12, and the like, an ultraviolet curable resin ( Polymerizable compounds) are preferred.

  As the ultraviolet curable resin (polymerizable compound), a resin in which addition polymerization or ring-opening polymerization is initiated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays by radical species or cationic species generated from a photopolymerization initiator, and a polymer is preferably used. . Examples of the polymerization mode of addition polymerization include radical, cation, anion, metathesis, and coordination polymerization. Examples of the ring-opening polymerization method include cation, anion, radical, metathesis, and coordination polymerization.

  Examples of the addition polymerizable compound include compounds having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond. As the addition polymerizable compound, a compound having at least one, preferably two or more terminal ethylenically unsaturated bonds can be preferably used.

  The ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable compound has a chemical form of a monofunctional polymerizable compound and a polyfunctional polymerizable compound, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the monofunctional polymerizable compound include unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.), esters thereof, amides, and the like. As the polyfunctional polymerizable compound, an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol compound, or an amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an aliphatic polyvalent amine compound is used.

  In addition, unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having nucleophilic substituents such as hydroxyl group, amino group, mercapto group and the like, addition products of isocyanates and epoxies, dehydration condensation products of carboxylic acids, etc. Can be used. In addition, addition reaction products of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having an electrophilic substituent such as an isocyanate group or an epoxy group with alcohols, amines and thiols, as well as removal of halogen groups, tosyloxy groups, etc. A substitution reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a releasing substituent and an alcohol, amine or thiol can also be used.

  Specific examples of the radical polymerizable compound that is an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol compound include, for example, (meth) acrylic acid ester, which is either monofunctional or polyfunctional. Can also be used.

  Specific examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, tolyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, phenyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (Meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, etc. are mentioned.

  Specific examples of the bifunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, tetramethylene glycol di (meth) ) Acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-cyclohexanediol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, penta Examples include erythritol di (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol di (meth) acrylate.

  Specific examples of the trifunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolethane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane alkylene oxide-modified tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri ( (Meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri ((meth) acryloyloxypropyl) ether, isocyanuric acid alkylene oxide modified tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate propionate, tri ((Meth) acryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, hydroxypivalaldehyde-modified dimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, sorbitol tri ( Data) acrylate, and the like.

  Specific examples of the tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, sorbitol tetra (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate propionate, Examples include ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate.

  Specific examples of the pentafunctional (meth) acrylate include sorbitol penta (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate.

  Specific examples of the hexafunctional (meth) acrylate include, for example, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, sorbitol hexa (meth) acrylate, phosphazene alkylene oxide modified hexa (meth) acrylate, captolactone modified dipentaerythritol hexa ( And (meth) acrylate.

  Examples of the polymerizable compound other than (meth) acrylate include itaconic acid ester, crotonic acid ester, isocrotonic acid ester, maleic acid ester and the like.

  Examples of itaconic acid esters include ethylene glycol diitaconate, propylene glycol diitaconate, 1,3-butanediol diitaconate, 1,4-butanediol diitaconate, tetramethylene glycol diitaconate, and pentaerythritol diesterate. Examples include itaconate and sorbitol tetritaconate.

  Examples of crotonic acid esters include ethylene glycol dicrotonate, tetramethylene glycol dicrotonate, pentaerythritol dicrotonate, and sorbitol tetradicrotonate.

  Examples of the isocrotonic acid ester include ethylene glycol diisocrotonate, pentaerythritol diisocrotonate, and sorbitol tetraisocrotonate.

  Examples of maleic acid esters include ethylene glycol dimaleate, triethylene glycol dimaleate, pentaerythritol dimaleate, and sorbitol tetramaleate.

  Examples of other esters include aliphatic alcohol esters described in JP-B-46-27926, JP-B-51-47334, JP-A-57-196231, and JP-A-59- Those having an aromatic skeleton described in Japanese Patent No. 5240, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-5241, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-226149, and those containing an amino group described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-165613 are also used. be able to.

  Specific examples of the amide monomer of unsaturated carboxylic acid and aliphatic polyvalent amine compound include, for example, methylene bis-acrylamide, methylene bis-methacrylamide, 1,6-hexamethylene bis-acrylamide, 1,6-hexa. Examples include methylene bis-methacrylamide, diethylenetriamine trisacrylamide, xylylene bisacrylamide, and xylylene bismethacrylamide.

  Examples of other preferable amide monomers include those having a cyclohexylene structure described in JP-B No. 54-21726.

  In addition, a urethane-based addition polymerizable compound produced by using an addition reaction between an isocyanate and a hydroxyl group is also suitable. As such a specific example, for example, one molecule described in JP-B-48-41708 A vinyl urethane compound containing two or more polymerizable vinyl groups in one molecule obtained by adding a vinyl monomer containing a hydroxyl group represented by the following formula (1) to a polyisocyanate compound having two or more isocyanate groups. Etc.

CH2 = C (R1) COOCH2CH (R2) OH (1)
(In the formula (1), R1 and R2 each independently represent H or CH3.)
In the present invention, a cationic ring-opening polymerizable compound having at least one cyclic ether group such as an epoxy group or an oxetane group in the molecule can be suitably used as the ultraviolet curable resin (polymerizable compound).

  Examples of the cationic polymerizable compound include a curable compound containing a ring-opening polymerizable group, and among them, a heterocyclic group-containing curable compound is particularly preferable. Examples of such curable compounds include epoxy derivatives, oxetane derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, cyclic lactone derivatives, cyclic carbonate derivatives, cyclic imino ethers such as oxazoline derivatives, and vinyl ethers. Derivatives and vinyl ethers are preferred.

  Examples of preferred epoxy derivatives include monofunctional glycidyl ethers, polyfunctional glycidyl ethers, monofunctional alicyclic epoxies, polyfunctional alicyclic epoxies, and the like.

  Specific examples of glycidyl ethers include, for example, diglycidyl ethers (for example, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, etc.), trifunctional or higher glycidyl ethers (for example, trimethylolethane triglycidyl). Ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate, etc.), tetra- or higher functional glycidyl ethers (for example, sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycyl ether, poly of cresol novolac resin) Glycidyl ether, polyglycidyl ether of phenol novolac resin, etc.), alicyclic epoxies (eg, Celoxide 2) 21P, Celoxide 2081, Epolide GT-301, Epolide GT-401 (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), EHPE (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), polycyclohexyl epoxy methyl ether of phenol novolac resin, etc. Oxetanes (for example, OX-SQ, PNOX-1009 (above, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.)) and the like.

  As the polymerizable compound, an alicyclic epoxy derivative can be preferably used. The “alicyclic epoxy group” refers to a partial structure obtained by epoxidizing a double bond of a cycloalkene ring such as a cyclopentene group or a cyclohexene group with an appropriate oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or peracid.

  The alicyclic epoxy compound is preferably a polyfunctional alicyclic epoxy having two or more cyclohexene oxide groups or cyclopentene oxide groups in one molecule. Specific examples of the alicyclic epoxy compound include, for example, 4-vinylcyclohexylene dioxide, (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, di (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) adipate, Examples include di (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, bis (2,3-epoxycyclopentyl) ether, di (2,3-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate, and dicyclopentadiene dioxide.

  The glycidyl compound which has a normal epoxy group which does not have an alicyclic structure in a molecule | numerator can be used independently, or can also be used together with the said alicyclic epoxy compound.

  Examples of such normal glycidyl compounds include glycidyl ether compounds and glycidyl ester compounds, but it is preferable to use glycidyl ether compounds in combination.

  Specific examples of the glycidyl ether compound include 1,3-bis (2,3-epoxypropyloxy) benzene, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac. Glycidyl ether compounds such as epoxy resin, trisphenol methane epoxy resin, aliphatic glycidyl ethers such as 1,4-butanediol glycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane tritriglycidyl ether Compounds and the like. Examples of the glycidyl ester include a glycidyl ester of linolenic acid dimer.

  As the polymerizable compound, a compound having an oxetanyl group which is a 4-membered cyclic ether (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “oxetane compound”) can be used. An oxetanyl group-containing compound is a compound having one or more oxetanyl groups in one molecule.

  The content of the binder P121 in the binding liquid P12 is preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 85% by mass or more. Thereby, the mechanical strength of the finally obtained three-dimensional structure P10 can be made particularly excellent.

(Other ingredients)
Further, the binding liquid (ink) P12 may include components other than those described above. Examples of such components include various colorants such as pigments and dyes, various fluorescent materials, various phosphorescent materials, various phosphorescent materials, infrared absorbing materials, dispersants, surfactants, polymerization initiators, polymerization accelerators, and solvents. Penetration enhancer; wetting agent (moisturizing agent); fixing agent; antifungal agent; preservative; antioxidant; ultraviolet absorber; chelating agent; pH adjusting agent; Etc.

  In particular, when the binder liquid P12 contains a colorant, a three-dimensional structure P10 colored in a color corresponding to the color of the colorant can be obtained. In addition, when at least one of the first ink (virtual image forming ink) P12A and the second ink P12B contains a colorant, the visibility of the virtual image is particularly excellent when the lens assembly P5 is used. It can be.

  Further, by using a plurality of types of first ink (virtual image forming ink) P12A that include colorants having different compositions, it is possible to form more various virtual image patterns.

  When both the first ink (virtual image forming ink) P12A and the second ink P12B contain colorants, these inks contain different kinds of colorants (colorants having different colors). Is preferred. Thereby, the effect mentioned above is exhibited more notably.

  In particular, the light resistance of the binding liquid P12 and the three-dimensional structure P10 can be improved by including a pigment as the colorant. As the pigment, either an inorganic pigment or an organic pigment can be used.

Examples of the inorganic pigment include carbon blacks (CI pigment black 7) such as furnace black, lamp black, acetylene black, channel black, iron oxide, titanium oxide, and the like, and one kind selected from these. Alternatively, two or more kinds can be used in combination.
Among the inorganic pigments, titanium oxide is preferable in order to exhibit a preferable white color.

  Examples of the organic pigment include azo pigments such as insoluble azo pigments, condensed azo pigments, azo lakes and chelate azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene and perinone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, dioxane pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, and quinophthalone. Polycyclic pigments such as pigments, dye chelates (for example, basic dye type chelates, acidic dye type chelates), dyeing lakes (basic dye type lakes, acid dye type lakes), nitro pigments, nitroso pigments, aniline black, etc. 1 type or 2 types or more selected from these can be used in combination.

  More specifically, as carbon black used as a black (black) pigment, for example, No. 2300, no. 900, MCF88, No. 33, no. 40, no. 45, no. 52, MA7, MA8, MA100, no. 2200B (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Raven 5750, Raven 5250, Raven 5000, Raven 3500, Raven 1255, Raven 700, etc. Rega1 330R, Rega1 660R, Mogul L, Monarch 700, Monarch 800, Monarch 880, Monarch 900, Monarch 1000, Monarch 1100, Monarch 1300, Monarch 1400, etc. (above, manufactured by Cabot Corp. (CABOL J) Black FW1, Col r Black FW2, Color Black FW2V, Color Black FW18, Color Black FW200, Color B1ack S150, Color Black S160, Color Black S170, Printex 35, Printex U, Printex V, Printex 140U, Special Black 6, Special Black 5, Special Black 4A, Special Black 4 (made by Degussa).

  Examples of white pigments include C.I. I. Pigment white 6, 18, 21 and the like.

  Examples of yellow (yellow) pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 24, 34, 35, 37, 53, 55, 65, 73, 74, 75, 81, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 120, 124, 128, 129, 133, 138, 139, 147, 151, 153, 154, 167, 172, 180 and the like.

  Examples of magenta pigments include C.I. I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 48 (Ca), 48 (Mn), 57 (Ca), 57: 1, 88, 112, 114, 122, 123, 144, 146, 149, 150, 166, 168 170, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 187, 202, 209, 219, 224, 245, or C.I. I. Pigment violet 19, 23, 32, 33, 36, 38, 43, 50 and the like.

  Examples of the violet (cyan) pigment include C.I. I. Pigment Blue 1, 2, 3, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15:34, 15: 4, 16, 18, 22, 25, 60, 65, 66, C.I. I. Bat Blue 4, 60 and the like.

  Examples of other pigments include C.I. I. Pigment green 7,10, C.I. I. Pigment brown 3, 5, 25, 26, C.I. I. Pigment orange 1, 2, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 24, 34, 36, 38, 40, 43, 63, and the like.

  When the binding liquid P12 contains a pigment, the average particle diameter of the pigment is preferably 300 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or more and 250 nm or less. Thereby, the discharge stability of the binding liquid P12 and the dispersion stability of the pigment in the binding liquid P12 can be made particularly excellent, and an image with better image quality can be formed.

  Examples of the dye include acid dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, basic dyes, and the like, and one or more selected from these can be used in combination.

  Specific examples of the dye include C.I. I. Acid Yellow 17, 23, 42, 44, 79, 142, C.I. I. Acid Red 52, 80, 82, 249, 254, 289, C.I. I. Acid Blue 9, 45, 249, C.I. I. Acid Black 1, 2, 24, 94, C.I. I. Food Black 1, 2, C.I. I. Direct Yellow 1,12,24,33,50,55,58,86,132,142,144,173, C.I. I. Direct Red 1,4,9,80,81,225,227, C.I. I. Direct Blue 1, 2, 15, 71, 86, 87, 98, 165, 199, 202, C.I. I. Directed Black 19, 38, 51, 71, 154, 168, 171, 195, C.I. I. Reactive Red 14, 32, 55, 79, 249, C.I. I. Reactive black 3, 4, 35 etc. are mentioned.

  When the binder liquid P12 contains a colorant, the content of the colorant in the binder liquid P12 is preferably 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. Thereby, particularly excellent concealability and color reproducibility can be obtained.

  In particular, when the binding liquid P12 contains titanium oxide as a colorant, the content of titanium oxide in the binding liquid P12 is preferably 12% by mass or more and 18% by mass or less, and more preferably 14% by mass or more and 16% by mass. It is more preferable that the amount is not more than mass%. Thereby, a particularly excellent concealing property can be obtained.

  Further, when the binding liquid P12 contains a fluorescent material, it is possible to more effectively prevent adverse effects on the appearance of the three-dimensional structure P10 in a normal environment, and use a predetermined light source when necessary. Information from a virtual image can be read easily and reliably.

  Further, by using the binding liquid P12 containing a fluorescent material together with the binding liquid P12 containing a colorant, more various virtual image patterns can be formed.

  Examples of the fluorescent material constituting the binding liquid P12 include C.I. I. Direct Yellow 87, C.I. I. Acid Red 52, C.I. I. Acid Red 92, Brilliant sulfoflavin, eosin, basic flavin, acridine orange, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B and the like.

  Further, the same effect as described above can be obtained even when the binding liquid P12 contains a phosphorescent material and a phosphorescent material.

  Examples of the phosphorescent material constituting the binding liquid P12 include various sulfides exemplified by alkaline earth sulfides such as zinc, calcium, strontium and barium, phosphorescent materials such as strontium aluminate, and zinc sulfide. And inorganic fluorescent materials such as oxides.

  Examples of the phosphorescent material constituting the binding liquid P12 include iridium complexes and cyclometalated complexes.

  Further, when the binding liquid (ink) P12 contains an infrared absorbing material, for example, the following effects can be obtained. That is, when the first ink (virtual image forming ink) P12A includes an infrared absorbing material, it is obtained by the first entity P13A that preferentially absorbs infrared rays and generates heat by thermography. A virtual image can be read. Further, the security of information written on the three-dimensional structure is further improved.

  Examples of the infrared absorbing material constituting the binding liquid P12 include ITO and ATO fine particles.

  When the binding liquid P12 includes a dispersoid such as a pigment, the dispersibility of the dispersoid can be further improved if the binder P12 further includes a dispersant.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a dispersing agent, For example, the dispersing agent currently used in preparing pigment dispersion liquids, such as a polymer dispersing agent, is mentioned.

  Specific examples of the polymer dispersant include, for example, polyoxyalkylene polyalkylene polyamine, vinyl polymer and copolymer, acrylic polymer and copolymer, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyurethane, amino polymer, silicon-containing polymer, and sulfur-containing polymer. , Fluorine-containing polymers, and epoxy resins having one or more types as main components.

  Commercially available polymer dispersants include, for example, Ajinomoto Fine Techno's Ajisper series, Solsperse series (Solsperse 36000, etc.) available from Noveon, BYK's Dispervic series, Enomoto Kasei The company's Disparon series, etc. are listed.

  When the binding liquid P12 contains a surfactant, the three-dimensional structure P10 can have better abrasion resistance.

  The surfactant is not particularly limited. For example, polyester-modified silicone or polyether-modified silicone as a silicone-based surfactant can be used, and among them, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane or polyester-modified polydimethylsiloxane. Is preferably used.

  Specific examples of the surfactant include, for example, BYK-347, BYK-348, BYK-UV3500, 3510, 3530, 3570 (above, trade names manufactured by BYK).

Further, the binding liquid P12 may contain a solvent.
Thereby, the viscosity of the binding liquid P12 can be suitably adjusted, and even when the binding liquid P12 contains a high-viscosity component, the discharge stability of the binding liquid P12 by the inkjet method is particularly excellent. It can be.

  Examples of the solvent include (poly) alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether; ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, iso-acetate Acetates such as propyl, n-butyl acetate and iso-butyl acetate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, acetylacetone, etc. Ketones: Examples include alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol, and one or more selected from these can be used in combination.

  Further, the viscosity of the binding liquid P12 is preferably 10 mPa · s or more and 30 mPa · s or less, and more preferably 15 mPa · s or more and 25 mPa · s or less. Thereby, the discharge stability of the binding liquid P12 by the inkjet method can be made particularly excellent.

《Three-dimensional structure》
The three-dimensional structure of the present invention can be manufactured using the manufacturing method and the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus as described above. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional structure including information that can be read when necessary, but cannot be identified in a normal state.

  The use of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include appreciation objects / exhibits such as dolls and figures; medical devices such as implants.

  Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention may be applied to any of prototypes, mass-produced products, and custom-made products.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to these.

  For example, in the present invention, the virtual image forming pattern is observed when the three-dimensional structure is directly observed when the three-dimensional structure is observed using a lens assembly including a plurality of lens bodies. Any information can be used as long as it provides the observer with information that cannot be obtained by the observer, and the information is not limited to that described above.

  More specifically, in the above-described embodiment, the arrangement pitch X1 of the microlens P51 in the microlens array and the arrangement pitch X2 of the pixel unit in the pixel aggregate satisfy the relationship of X1> X2, The relationship X1 × (number of rows or columns of microlenses in the microlens array−1) = X2 × (number of rows or columns of pixel units in the pixel aggregate) is satisfied. For example, X1 <X2 May be satisfied. In the case of X1 <X2, X1, X2, and Micro so that X1 × (number of rows or columns of microlenses in the microlens array + 1) = X2 × (number of rows or columns of pixel units in the pixel assembly) The number of rows and columns of microlenses in the lens array and the number of rows and columns of pixel units in the pixel assembly may be set. In the case of X1> X2, the formed virtual image appears to sink (in the back side) from the position of the pixel assembly. In the case of X1 <X2, the formed virtual image is seen floating (on the near side) from the position of the pixel aggregate.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the first ink (virtual image forming ink) and the second ink are different inks has been described. For example, a case where a plurality of types of inks are used as the second ink. The first ink may be the same ink as the second ink. Even in such a case, when the three-dimensional structure is directly observed when the three-dimensional structure is observed using the lens assembly by adjusting the ink application pattern, Information that cannot be obtained can be given to the observer.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses is used as a lens assembly has been representatively described. However, in the present invention, the lens assembly includes a plurality of lens bodies. Anything other than a microlens array may be used.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where a squeegee is used as the flattening unit has been mainly described, but a roller or the like may be used instead.

  Moreover, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes a recovery mechanism (not shown) for recovering a composition supplied from the composition supply unit that was not used for forming a layer. Also good. Thereby, it is possible to supply a sufficient amount of the composition while preventing the surplus composition from accumulating in the layer forming portion, and thus more effectively preventing the occurrence of defects in the layer. A three-dimensional structure can be manufactured stably. Moreover, since the recovered composition can be used again for the production of the three-dimensional structure, it can contribute to the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the three-dimensional structure, and is also preferable from the viewpoint of resource saving.

  Moreover, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus of this invention may be provided with the collection | recovery mechanism for collect | recovering the compositions removed by the unbound particle removal process.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, it has been described that the substantial part is formed for all layers, but a layer in which the substantial part is not formed may be included. For example, the substantial part may not be formed with respect to the layer formed immediately above the stage and may function as a sacrificial layer.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the binding liquid application process is performed by the ink jet method has been mainly described. However, the binding liquid application process is performed using another method (for example, another printing method). There may be.

  Moreover, the ink for forming the substantial part and the ink for forming the support part may be applied by a method other than the ink jet method (for example, other printing method).

  In the above-described embodiment, the curing process is described as being repeatedly performed together with the layer forming process and the binding liquid applying process in addition to the layer forming process and the binding liquid applying process. However, the curing process is repeatedly performed. It doesn't have to be a thing. For example, it may be performed collectively after forming a laminate including a plurality of uncured layers.

Moreover, in the manufacturing method of this invention, you may perform a pre-processing process, an intermediate processing process, and a post-processing process as needed.
Examples of the pretreatment process include a stage cleaning process.

  As the intermediate treatment step, for example, when the composition for three-dimensional modeling is in the form of a pellet, a step of stopping heating or the like between the layer formation step and the binding liquid application step (water-soluble resin solidification step) ). Thereby, a water-soluble resin will be in a solid state and a layer can be obtained as a thing with the stronger binding force of particle | grains. Moreover, for example, when the composition for three-dimensional modeling includes a solvent component (dispersion medium) such as water, a solvent component removal step for removing the solvent component is performed between the layer formation step and the binding liquid application step. You may have. Thereby, a layer formation process can be performed more smoothly and the unintentional dispersion | variation in the thickness of the layer formed can be prevented more effectively. As a result, a three-dimensional structure with higher dimensional accuracy can be manufactured with higher productivity.

  Examples of the post-processing step include a cleaning step, a shape adjustment step for performing deburring, a coloring step, a coating layer forming step, a binder for performing light irradiation treatment and heat treatment for reliably curing the uncured binder. Examples include a curing completion step.

  In the above-described embodiment, the method having the binding liquid application process and the curing process (bonding process) has been mainly described. For example, the binding liquid includes a thermoplastic resin as a binder. In some cases, it is not necessary to provide a curing step (bonding step) after the binding liquid applying step (the binding liquid applying step can be combined with the bonding step). In such a case, the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus may not include the energy beam irradiation unit (curing unit).

  In the above-described embodiment, the flattening means is described as moving on the stage. However, the movement of the stage changes the positional relationship between the stage and the squeegee, and flattening is performed. Also good.

P10 ... Three-dimensional model P10 '... Temporary molded product P1 ... Layer P11 ... Composition (Composition for three-dimensional model)
P111 ... Granules P1111 ... Hole P112 ... Water-soluble resin P12 ... Binder (ink)
P121 ... Binder P12A ... First ink (virtual image forming ink)
P12B ... second ink P13 ... curing part (substance part)
P13A: first entity (virtual image forming pattern)
P13B: Second entity P16 ': Ink for forming an entity (composition)
P16A ′: first substance forming ink (virtual image forming ink)
P16B ′: Second body forming ink P16: Body (cured portion)
P16A: first entity (virtual image forming pattern)
P16B: Second entity P17 ': Support portion forming ink P17: Support P18, P18a, P18b, P18c, P18d ... Virtual image area (aggregate area)
P191, P195, P196, P197, P198, P199 ... adjustment aggregate area P194 ... aggregate area P2, P2a, P2b, P2c, P2d ... pixel aggregate (unit aggregate)
P201, P204, P205, P206, P207, P208, P209 ... Pixel assembly P21, P21a, P21b, P21c, P21d ... Pixel unit P210 ... Pixel units P211, P211a, P211b, P211c, P211d ... Pixel unit areas P215, P216, P217 ... Pixel unit area P22 ... Pixel dot P221 ... Pixel dot section P221a ... Pixel section P221b ... Background section P221c ... Background color section P222a ... Correction pixel section P222b ... Correction background section P23 ... Pixel unit P231 ... Background color pixel unit P232 ... Background Color pixel unit P5 ... Lens assembly (microlens array)
P51 ... Lens body (microlens)
P510 ... Lens body (microlens)
P7, P7a, P7b, P7c, P7d ... Virtual image (pixel virtual image)
P8, P8a, P8b, P8c, P8d ... Virtual image unit P91 ... Random dither mask P91a ... Partial area P92 ... Black spot P93 ... White spot P94 ... Random dither mask P95 ... Random mask P99 ... Random dither mask P99a ... Partial area 100 ... Three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus 2 ... Control unit 21 ... Computer 22 ... Drive control unit 3 ... Composition supply unit 4 ... Layer forming unit 41 ... Stage 42 ... Squeegee (flattening means)
43 ... Guide rail 44 ... Composition temporary placement part 45 ... Side support part (frame)
5: Binder discharge part (ink applying means)
5A: 1st binding liquid discharge part (1st ink provision means)
5B: Second binding liquid discharge section (second ink applying means)
6. Energy beam irradiation means (curing means)
8: Intrinsic part forming ink applying means 8A: First substantial part forming ink applying means 8B: Second substantial part forming ink applying means 9: Supporting part forming ink applying means X1, X2: Pitch

Claims (11)

A method for producing a three-dimensional structure by performing a layer forming step of forming a layer using a composition a plurality of times, laminating the layers,
By applying a plurality of types of ink to the region that is to constitute the three-dimensional structure, the solid part of the three-dimensional structure is formed,
When the virtual image forming pattern formed using at least one type of virtual image forming ink as the ink is observed with the three-dimensional structure using a lens assembly including a plurality of lens bodies, the tertiary A method for producing a three-dimensional structure, characterized in that information that cannot be obtained by an observer when the original object is directly observed is given to the observer.   The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure according to claim 1, wherein the virtual image forming pattern is formed in a region of 0.2 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less in a depth direction from the surface of the three-dimensional structure.   The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the virtual image forming pattern is formed in each of a plurality of portions having different depths from the surface of the three-dimensional structure.   The method for producing a three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the virtual image forming ink contains a fluorescent material.   The method for producing a three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition includes a granule.   The method for producing a three-dimensional structure according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a curable ink ejected by an inkjet method.   The method for producing a three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the information is identification information of the three-dimensional structure. A three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure by laminating layers using the composition,
A stage on which the layer is formed;
A plurality of types of ink application means for applying a plurality of types of ink to the region to constitute the three-dimensional structure,
As the ink applying means, at least one virtual image ink applying means for applying a virtual image forming ink is provided,
When the virtual image forming pattern formed using at least one type of virtual image forming ink as the ink is observed with the three-dimensional structure using a lens assembly including a plurality of lens bodies, the tertiary An apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, characterized in that information that cannot be obtained by an observer when the original object is directly observed is given to the observer.   The three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the virtual image ink applying unit includes an apparatus that discharges ink containing a fluorescent material.   A three-dimensional structure manufactured using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   A three-dimensional structure manufactured using the three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus according to claim 8 or 9.

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