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JP2015039448A - Method and program for predicting blood flow distribution after angioplasty - Google Patents

Method and program for predicting blood flow distribution after angioplasty Download PDF

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JP2015039448A
JP2015039448A JP2013170839A JP2013170839A JP2015039448A JP 2015039448 A JP2015039448 A JP 2015039448A JP 2013170839 A JP2013170839 A JP 2013170839A JP 2013170839 A JP2013170839 A JP 2013170839A JP 2015039448 A JP2015039448 A JP 2015039448A
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blood flow
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匡徳 中村
Masanori Nakamura
匡徳 中村
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Saitama University NUC
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a system for predicting a blood flow distribution amount that varies according to a change in s structure of a vascular system network after a blood vessel operation represented by bypass surgery, etc.SOLUTION: A method for predicting a blood flow distribution amount includes a process for estimating a peripheral vascular resistance in the environment on the downstream side for each blood vessel in a blood vessel exit part which is a boundary area of a blood vessel setting range after an operation and the environment on the downstream side, and a process for setting a blood vessel shape after the operation and estimating a blood flow distribution amount by using the peripheral vascular resistance for the correction of an exit boundary pressure.

Description

本発明は、血管手術後の血流配分を予想する方法、予測プログラム、該プログラムを実行可能なコンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置、及びコンピューター読み取り可能な記録媒体に係り、より詳細には、血管バイパス手術等の施術前に、術後予定される血液流路それぞれにおける血流配分を事前に予想することで、医師の診断を支援することを可能とする、血流配分予測方法、該方法に基づいた予想プログラム、該プログラムが格納されているか、または該プログラムを実行可能であるコンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置、及びコンピューター読み取り可能な記録媒体に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for predicting blood flow distribution after vascular surgery, a prediction program, a computer or other information terminal device capable of executing the program, and a computer-readable recording medium. A blood flow distribution prediction method capable of supporting a doctor's diagnosis by predicting a blood flow distribution in each blood flow path scheduled after the operation before surgery such as surgery, based on the method The present invention relates to a prediction program, a computer or other information terminal device in which the program is stored or capable of executing the program, and a computer-readable recording medium.

血管バイパス手術とは、狭窄、閉塞あるいは瘤化した動脈の先に別の血管(グラフト)を繋ぐことで血流経路を変える手術であり、これにより血液を血流不足部位に供給することが可能となる。例としては、心臓冠動脈でのバイパス手術による心筋での狭心症の改善や、脳梗塞治療における、脳の動脈(中大脳動脈など)でのバイパス手術などが広く実施されている。   Vascular bypass surgery is an operation that changes the blood flow path by connecting another blood vessel (graft) to the end of a narrowed, occluded, or aneurysm artery, and can supply blood to the site where blood flow is insufficient. It becomes. As examples, improvement of angina pectoris in the myocardium by bypass surgery in the heart coronary artery, and bypass surgery in the cerebral artery (middle cerebral artery, etc.) in the treatment of cerebral infarction are widely performed.

バイパス手術の際、問題となるのは、施術前後における血管ネットワーク構造の変化である。即ち、動脈の不用意な部位にグラフトを移植すると、術前とは逆方向に血液が流れる等、望ましくない血流変化が生じ,必ずしも該グラフトの下流に存在する組織等に必要な血流量が確保されず、これにより末端組織の壊死や血栓形成が誘発される等の危険性が存在する。この為、医療現場においては、バイパス手術の施術前に、予定される術後の血管ネットワークにおいて、どの様な血流配分となるのか、事前に予測しておくことが大変重要である。 During bypass surgery, the problem is the change in the vascular network structure before and after the procedure. That is, when a graft is transplanted to an inadvertent site of an artery, an undesirable blood flow change occurs, such as blood flowing in the opposite direction to that before surgery, and the blood flow necessary for the tissue existing downstream of the graft is not always sufficient. There is a risk that it will not be secured and this will induce necrosis of the end tissue and thrombus formation. For this reason, in the medical field, it is very important to predict in advance what kind of blood flow will be distributed in the planned postoperative blood vessel network before the bypass operation.

こうしたバイパス手術前における術後血管ネットワークでの血流分布のシミュレーションは、流体力学を応用した数値流体計算を利用することにより,研究が進められている(非特許文献1〜3)。   The simulation of the blood flow distribution in the postoperative blood vessel network before such bypass surgery has been studied by using numerical fluid calculation applying fluid dynamics (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).

Isodaら,Neuroradiology 52:913−920.2010.Isoda et al., Neuroradiology 52: 913-920.2010. Cebralら,Am.J.Neuroradiol. 32:27−33.2011.Cebral et al., Am. J. et al. Neuroradiol. 32: 27-33.2011. Xiangら,J.NeuroIntervent. Surg.4:351−357.2012.Xiang et al. NeuroIntervent. Surg. 4: 351-357.2012.

以上のように、数値流体計算を利用した、バイパス手術後の血管ネットワークにおける血流分布を予測する方法は、施術後の血管流路において治療上期待される血流分布となるのか術前に確認する上で、非常に重要なものであるが、従来の方法には問題があった。   As described above, the method for predicting the blood flow distribution in the vascular network after bypass surgery using numerical fluid calculation confirms whether the blood flow distribution expected in the treatment in the vascular flow path after surgery is preoperative. However, there is a problem with the conventional method, which is very important.

そもそも、数値流体計算とは、流体の運動に関する方程式(オイラー方程式、ナビエ・ストークス方程式、またはその派生式等)を、コンピューター等を用いて解くことにより、流れを観察する数値解析・シミュレーション手法のことである。特に本発明に係る数値流体計算とは、特にそれに限定されるものではないが、連続の式やナビエ・ストークス方程式等の流れの支配方程式を数値的に解くことにより、設定した形状内の流れの状態(速度、圧力等)を把握する方法であり、限定された範囲内についてのみそれらの予測が可能となる。この時、本設定範囲内の正しい状態(解)を得る為には、該設定範囲とその外界との境界領域について適切な条件を支配方程式に初期値として与える必要がある。 In the first place, numerical fluid calculation is a numerical analysis / simulation method that observes flow by solving equations (Euler equation, Navier-Stokes equation, or its derivatives) related to fluid motion using a computer. It is. In particular, the numerical fluid calculation according to the present invention is not particularly limited to this, but by numerically solving the governing equations of the flow such as the continuous equation and the Navier-Stokes equation, It is a method of grasping the state (speed, pressure, etc.), and it is possible to predict them only within a limited range. At this time, in order to obtain a correct state (solution) within the set range, it is necessary to give an appropriate condition to the governing equation as an initial value for the boundary region between the set range and the outside world.

従来手法においては、設定範囲とその外界との境界領域である血管出口部の境界圧力値として、圧力ゼロあるいは同一の圧力値を与えることで、バイパス手術後の血管ネットワークにおける血流分布を予測していた(非特許文献1〜3)。しかしながら、現実の出口部境界圧力値は、設定範囲外である各血管の境界下流側に接続される血管の環境によって決まる為、一律に圧力ゼロあるいは同一の圧力値を置いてしまうと、必ずしも正しい解が得られないという問題が生じていた。そのため、より確実に手術後の血流予測を可能とする方法論の開発が強く望まれていた。   In the conventional method, the blood flow distribution in the vascular network after bypass surgery is predicted by giving a zero pressure or the same pressure value as the boundary pressure value of the vascular outlet that is the boundary region between the set range and the outside world. (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). However, since the actual outlet boundary pressure value is determined by the environment of the blood vessel connected to the downstream side of the boundary of each blood vessel that is outside the set range, it is not always correct if the pressure is uniformly set to zero or the same pressure value. There was a problem that the solution could not be obtained. Therefore, there has been a strong demand for the development of a methodology that can more reliably predict blood flow after surgery.

従って、本発明は、血管バイパス手術等の施術前に、術後予定される血液流路を想定し、該流路の出口部境界圧力値に、境界より下流側の何らかの血管環境を考慮に入れることで、該流路それぞれにおける血流配分を、より高確度に事前に予想することを可能とする血流配分予測方法及び予想プログラムの提供を目的とする。     Therefore, the present invention assumes a blood flow path scheduled after the operation before performing a vascular bypass operation or the like, and takes into account any vascular environment downstream of the boundary in the outlet boundary pressure value of the flow path. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a blood flow distribution prediction method and a prediction program that can predict the blood flow distribution in each flow channel in advance with higher accuracy.

本発明者は、上記事情に鑑み、非特許文献1〜3に報告の手法をさらに発展させ、まず、手術後の血管設定範囲とその下流側外界との境界領域である血管出口部において、血管ごとに下流側外界での末梢血管抵抗を見積もり、さらに、該末梢血管抵抗を反映させて血管出口部境界圧力値の修正を行うことで、実際の血管に即した境界条件を与えることにより、手術後の各血管出口部での血流量予測において、より実際に近い解を得ることを可能とする方法論の確立に成功し、本発明を完成させた。 In view of the above circumstances, the present inventor further developed the technique reported in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3, and first, at the blood vessel outlet portion, which is a boundary region between the blood vessel setting range after surgery and the downstream outside world, By estimating the peripheral vascular resistance in the downstream external environment every time, and further correcting the vascular outlet boundary pressure value to reflect the peripheral vascular resistance, by giving boundary conditions that match the actual blood vessels, surgery In the subsequent prediction of blood flow at each blood vessel outlet, the inventors have succeeded in establishing a methodology that makes it possible to obtain a more realistic solution, thereby completing the present invention.

以上の知見に基づいて、本発明は完成されるに至った。
すなわち、本発明は以下の(1)〜(8)に関するものである。
(1)血管手術後の血管における血流の配分量を予測する方法であって、該方法は、
末梢血管抵抗を見積もる過程と、
術後の血管形状を設定し、出口部境界圧力の修正に、前記末梢血管抵抗を用いることで血流配分量を推定する過程
とを備えてなる、血流配分量予測方法。
(2)前記末梢血管抵抗の見積もりを、術前の各血管での出口部境界血流量及び血管形状の計測結果から算出することを特徴とする、(1)に記載の血流配分量予測方法。
(3)前記末梢血管抵抗を見積もる過程及び/又は前記血流配分量を推定する過程に、数値流体計算を用いることを特徴とする、(1)又は(2)に記載の血流配分量予測方法。
(4)前記末梢血管抵抗の見積もりに用いる数値流体計算として、
手術前の血管形状を対象領域とし、該対象領域を区分した要素ごとに、以下の数式
[数1]

及び
[数2]

を用い,特に境界条件として、手術前の血管入口部境界での動脈圧Pref、壁面上での血流速度ゼロ及び手術前に計測によって得られる血管i出口部境界での血流量Qi 0を与えた上で、該数式を計算することにより、手術前の血管i出口部境界圧力値Pi 0を算出し、
さらに、該血管iの抹消血管抵抗Ri
[数3]

(ここに、Pvは循環を経て血液が戻る右心室の圧力を示す)
を用いることによって算出することを特徴とする、(3)に記載の血流配分量予測方法。
(5)前記出口部境界圧力の修正において、前記末梢血管抵抗を、以下の数式
[数4]

(ここに、Pi Nは血管i出口部における第Nステップ目の境界圧力値、αは緩和係数、Qi Nは血管i出口部境界における第Nステップ目の血流量、Riは血管iの抹消血管抵抗を示し、特に、Qi 0は手術前に計測によって得られる血管i出口部境界での血流量を、Pi 0は手術前形状における血管i出口部境界圧力値を示す)
にて用いることにより、血管i出口部における第N+1ステップ目の境界圧力値Pi N+1を算出し、
前記血流配分量の推定に用いる数値流体計算として、
手術後に想定される血管形状を対象領域をとし、該対象領域を区分した要素ごとに、以下の数式
[数5]

及び
[数6]

を用い,特に境界条件として、血管入口部境界での血流量を、手術前に計測した各血管末端部での血流量の総計,又は,手術前に該入口部にて計測した血流量とし、壁面上での血流速度をゼロ、第Nステップの血管i出口部境界圧力値Pi Nを与えた上で該数式を計算することにより、血管i出口部境界における第N+1ステップの血流量Qi N+1を算出し、
該N+1ステップの血管i出口部境界血流量Qi N+1と、Nステップ目の血管i出口部境界血流量Qi Nとの相対誤差が十分小さい場合に、血管配分量の推定を確定することを特徴とする、(1)乃至(4)に記載の血液配分量予測方法。
(6)コンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置に、(1)乃至(5)の何れか1に記載の血液配分量予測方法の各ステップを実行させるための、血管手術後の血管における血流の配分量を予測するプログラム。
(7)(6)に記載の血流の配分量を予測するプログラムが記録された、コンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置にて読み取り可能な記録媒体。
(8)(6)に記載の血流の配分量を予測するプログラムが格納されているか、または該プログラムを実行可能なコンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置。
Based on the above findings, the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention relates to the following (1) to (8).
(1) A method for predicting an amount of blood flow in a blood vessel after vascular surgery, the method comprising:
The process of estimating peripheral vascular resistance;
A blood flow distribution amount prediction method comprising: setting a post-operative blood vessel shape, and estimating the blood flow distribution amount by using the peripheral vascular resistance to correct the outlet boundary pressure.
(2) The blood flow distribution amount prediction method according to (1), wherein the estimation of the peripheral vascular resistance is calculated from the measurement result of the outlet boundary blood flow rate and the blood vessel shape in each blood vessel before surgery. .
(3) The blood flow distribution amount prediction according to (1) or (2), wherein a numerical fluid calculation is used in the process of estimating the peripheral vascular resistance and / or the process of estimating the blood flow distribution amount. Method.
(4) As a numerical fluid calculation used for estimating the peripheral vascular resistance,
The blood vessel shape before surgery is set as a target area, and for each element that divides the target area, the following formula
[Equation 1]

as well as
[Equation 2]

In particular, as boundary conditions, arterial pressure P ref at the blood vessel inlet boundary before surgery, blood flow velocity on the wall surface zero, and blood flow rate Q i 0 at blood vessel i outlet boundary obtained by measurement before surgery are used. And calculating the mathematical formula to calculate the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value P i 0 before the operation,
Furthermore, the peripheral vascular resistance Ri of the blood vessel i
[Equation 3]

(Where Pv is the pressure in the right ventricle where blood returns through circulation)
The blood flow distribution amount prediction method according to (3), wherein the calculation is performed by using
(5) In the correction of the outlet boundary pressure, the peripheral vascular resistance is expressed by the following formula:
[Equation 4]

(Where P i N is the boundary pressure value at the Nth step at the outlet of the blood vessel i, α is the relaxation coefficient, Q i N is the blood flow volume at the Nth step at the boundary of the blood vessel i outlet, and R i is the blood vessel i. In particular, Q i 0 indicates blood flow at the blood vessel i outlet boundary obtained by measurement before the operation, and P i 0 indicates the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value in the pre-operative shape)
To calculate the boundary pressure value P i N + 1 of the (N + 1) th step at the blood vessel i outlet,
As a numerical fluid calculation used for estimating the blood flow distribution amount,
The blood vessel shape assumed after the operation is taken as a target area, and for each element that divides the target area,
[Equation 5]

as well as
[Equation 6]

In particular, as a boundary condition, the blood flow at the blood vessel inlet boundary is the total blood flow at each blood vessel end measured before surgery, or the blood flow measured at the inlet before surgery, blood flow rate on the wall zero, by calculating the said numerical expression on given vascular i outlet boundary pressure values P i N of the N steps, vascular i (N + 1) th step of the blood flow rate Q at the outlet boundary i N + 1 is calculated,
If the relative error between the N + 1-step blood vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N + 1 and the N-th blood vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N is sufficiently small, the estimation of the blood vessel distribution amount is confirmed. The blood distribution amount prediction method according to any one of (1) to (4).
(6) Blood flow distribution in blood vessels after vascular surgery for causing a computer or other information terminal device to execute each step of the blood distribution amount prediction method according to any one of (1) to (5) A program that predicts the quantity.
(7) A recording medium readable by a computer or other information terminal device in which the program for predicting the blood flow distribution amount according to (6) is recorded.
(8) A computer or other information terminal device that stores the program for predicting the blood flow distribution amount according to (6) or that can execute the program.

バイパス手術等に代表される血管手術において、術後、血管系ネットワーク構造が大きく変化することで生じる、血流量不足による末梢組織の壊死や淀みにより引き起こされる血栓形成の有無を術前に予測することは、これまで困難であったが、本発明によれば、該施術前に、術後予定される血液流路各々における血流量配分を予想することで、壊死や血栓発生の可能性を事前に予測することが出来、これにより医師の診断を支援することが可能となる。   In vascular surgery represented by bypass surgery, etc., predict the presence or absence of thrombus formation caused by necrosis or itching of peripheral tissues due to insufficient blood flow, which occurs when the vascular network structure changes greatly after surgery. However, according to the present invention, by predicting the blood flow distribution in each blood flow path planned after the operation, the possibility of necrosis or thrombus generation can be predicted in advance. It is possible to make a prediction, and this makes it possible to support a doctor's diagnosis.

末梢血管抵抗見積もりのイメージ図。血管入口部での動脈圧をPref、血管i(i=1−3)出口部での境界圧力値をPi、該血管iの抹消血管抵抗をRi、循環を経て血液が戻る右心室の圧力をPvにて示す。The figure of peripheral vascular resistance estimation. The right ventricle in which the arterial pressure at the blood vessel inlet is P ref , the boundary pressure value at the blood vessel i (i = 1-3) outlet is P i , the peripheral blood vessel resistance of the blood vessel i is R i , and blood returns via circulation. The pressure is indicated by Pv . 血管手術後の血流配分量予測法のフローチャート。The flowchart of the blood flow distribution amount prediction method after vascular surgery. 単純二分枝形状モデル(モデルA−C)。A simple bifurcated shape model (models AC). 血管手術後の血流配分量予測法における計算回数と出口部血流量の変化。Changes in the number of calculations and outlet blood flow in the blood flow allocation prediction method after vascular surgery. 手術前後の窄通枝での血流量変化。Change in blood flow in the stenosis before and after surgery.

本発明の第1の形態は、血管手術後の血管における血流の配分量を予測する方法であって、該方法は、末梢血管抵抗を見積もる過程と、術後の血管形状を設定し、出口部境界圧力の修正に、前記末梢血管抵抗を用いることで血流配分量を推定する過程とを備えてなる、血流配分量予測方法である。 A first aspect of the present invention is a method for predicting a blood flow distribution amount in a blood vessel after vascular surgery, which includes a process of estimating peripheral vascular resistance, setting a post-operative blood vessel shape, A method for predicting blood flow distribution amount, comprising the step of estimating the blood flow distribution amount by using the peripheral vascular resistance for correcting the boundary pressure.

本発明に係る血管手術とは、何らかの不具合(狭窄、閉塞、瘤化など)の生じた脳血管や心臓の血管(冠動脈、大動脈)、その他末梢血管などで、外科的血行再建(人工血管や自家静脈を用いたバイパス手術、置換術および内膜剥離術など)や結紮を施すことにより、該不具合を解消する手術のことであり、特に限定はしないが、狭窄、閉塞又は瘤化した動脈の先に別の血管(グラフト)をつなげ、血液が該血管による経路(バイパス)を通過することにより血液経路を変える手術(血管バイパス手術)や血管結紮手術が挙げられ、好ましくは血管バイパス手術である。   Vascular surgery according to the present invention refers to cerebral blood vessels, heart blood vessels (coronary arteries, aorta), and other peripheral blood vessels in which some kind of malfunction (stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, etc.) has occurred. Venous bypass surgery, replacement surgery, endometrial dissection, etc.) or ligation to eliminate this problem, although there is no particular limitation, the tip of an artery that has been narrowed, occluded, or lumped Other blood vessels (grafts) are connected to the blood vessel, and the blood route is changed by passing through the blood vessel route (bypass) (blood vessel bypass operation) and blood vessel ligation surgery, and blood vessel bypass surgery is preferable.

血管形状の設定とは、手術の対象となる血管の形状を何らかの方法により設定することであり、血管形状の構築とも言う。方法については、特に限定はしないが、実際に存在する術前の血管形状に対しては、X線やCT、MRIなどの血管造影法や、超音波、レーザー等といった測定手法を用いることが出来る。特に、MRIやCTなどを用いた場合は、これら測定機器によって得られる断層像から該血管形状を計算機上で復元してもよい。 The setting of the blood vessel shape is to set the shape of the blood vessel to be operated by some method, which is also called the construction of the blood vessel shape. The method is not particularly limited, but an angiographic method such as X-ray, CT, and MRI, and a measuring method such as an ultrasonic wave and a laser can be used for an existing preoperative blood vessel shape. . In particular, when MRI, CT, or the like is used, the blood vessel shape may be restored on a computer from tomographic images obtained by these measuring instruments.

一方、手術後の血管形状については、術前には現実の測定対象としては存在しえないため、術前の血管形状に対し、該手術を施すことによって形成されるであろう血管網を想定し,術後の血管形状とする。この際、術前の血管形状に対して測定機器によって得られた断層像に基づいて想定してもよく、例えば、新規にバイパス手術等の外科的血行再建や結紮を施す場合には、該施術部位の形状について、施術に即した一定の仮定を当てはめてもよい。 On the other hand, the postoperative blood vessel shape cannot exist as an actual measurement object before the operation, and therefore a blood vessel network that will be formed by performing the operation on the preoperative blood vessel shape is assumed. The post-operative blood vessel shape. At this time, a preoperative blood vessel shape may be assumed based on a tomographic image obtained by a measuring instrument. For example, when surgical revascularization or ligation such as a bypass operation is newly performed, As for the shape of the part, a certain assumption in accordance with the treatment may be applied.

血管形状の設定は、全身に構築された血管網全範囲について設定する必要はなく、該血管網の中から、施術部位近傍に限定された領域でもよい。例えば、術前においては、上記測定機器によって測定される範囲とし、術後の場合は、該術前の範囲及び施術により形状に変化が生じる範囲をふくめたものとしてもよい。この様に、血管形状の設定は、限定された領域に設定されるため、該領域には境界部が存在することとなる。ここで、該境界部を横断して該領域に入ってくる血管の境界横断部を入口部境界とし、該領域から出ていく血管の境界横断部を出口部境界とし、それぞれの境界における血流の量及び圧力を、順に入口部境界血流量、入口部境界圧力、出口部境界血流量、出口部境界圧力とする。さらに、該領域を出ていく第i番目の血管(i=1,2,3,・・・)を血管iとすると、出口部境界は、該血管iごとに設定されるため、これを血管iの出口部境界とし、血管ごとに出口部境界血流量及び出口部境界圧力が設定される。なお、本発明での血管における血流配分量とは、血管形状の設定において規定された領域から出ていく各血管iの出口部境界血流量の配分のことである。 The blood vessel shape need not be set for the entire range of the blood vessel network constructed in the whole body, and may be a region limited to the vicinity of the treatment site in the blood vessel network. For example, it may be a range measured by the measuring instrument before surgery, and in the case of post-surgery, may include a range before the surgery and a range in which the shape is changed by the treatment. In this way, since the blood vessel shape is set in a limited area, a boundary portion exists in the area. Here, the boundary crossing portion of the blood vessel that crosses the boundary portion and enters the region is defined as an inlet boundary, and the boundary crossing portion of the blood vessel that exits from the region is defined as an outlet boundary. Are the inlet boundary blood flow, the inlet boundary pressure, the outlet boundary blood flow, and the outlet boundary pressure in this order. Further, if the i-th blood vessel (i = 1, 2, 3,...) Exiting the region is a blood vessel i, the outlet boundary is set for each blood vessel i. As the outlet boundary of i, the outlet boundary blood flow and the outlet boundary pressure are set for each blood vessel. The blood flow distribution amount in the blood vessel in the present invention is the distribution of the blood flow distribution at the outlet portion of each blood vessel i that exits from the region defined in the setting of the blood vessel shape.

本発明における、末梢血管抵抗を見積もる過程及び/又は血流配分量を推定する過程には、数値流体計算を用いることが出来る。数値流体計算の定義については上述した通りであり([0007])、用いられる数値流体計算には様々な解法が存在し、特に限定するものではないが、例えば,対象とする空間領域(本発明においては計算機上に復元した血管形状)をメッシュと呼ばれる小さな要素に分割し、分割した各要素に対して,連続の式(continuity equation)とナビエ・ストークス方程式(Navier Stokes equation)を適用するものが挙げられる。ここで血管の境界面(入口,出口,壁面)に存在する要素(およびその頂点)に対しては境界条件が与えられ、与える境界条件としては,例えば、入口部境界に動脈圧Pref(特に限定はしないが、80~120 mmHgという生理学的な圧力範囲の中から適当に与えてもよい)、壁面上に速度ゼロ、各血管での出口部境界については、計測によって得られた血流量から換算した速度や、様々な手法によって算出される圧力値を与えてもよい。該境界条件の下にて、分割した要素ごとに、連続の式及びナビエ・ストークス方程式を多元連立方程式として解くことにより、各要素およびその頂点での圧力及び/又は血流量を求めることが可能となる。 Numerical fluid calculation can be used in the process of estimating peripheral vascular resistance and / or the process of estimating blood flow distribution in the present invention. The definition of the numerical fluid calculation is as described above ([0007]), and there are various solutions for the numerical fluid calculation used, and there is no particular limitation. In this method, the blood vessel shape restored on the computer is divided into small elements called meshes, and the continuity equation and the Navier Stokes equation are applied to each divided element. Can be mentioned. Here, a boundary condition is given to an element (and its apex) existing on the boundary surface (inlet, outlet, wall surface) of the blood vessel. As the boundary condition to be given, for example, arterial pressure P ref (especially at the inlet boundary) Although not limited, it may be given within the physiological pressure range of 80 to 120 mmHg), the velocity is zero on the wall surface, and the outlet boundary of each blood vessel is determined from the blood flow obtained by measurement. You may give the converted speed and the pressure value calculated by various methods. Under the boundary condition, for each divided element, the continuous equation and the Navier-Stokes equation are solved as a multiple simultaneous equation, whereby the pressure and / or blood flow at each element and its apex can be obtained. Become.

本発明において、末梢血管抵抗とは、血管形状の設定において規定された領域から出ていく血管の出口部境界から、より末梢側の血管部位における血流の通りにくさ(血管抵抗)のことであり、該領域から出ていく血管iごとに存在する(図1)。
該末梢血管抵抗を見積もる方法としては、血管網形状から類推する等、多岐にわたり、特に限定するものではないが、手術前の各血管での出口部境界血流量及び血管形状の計測結果から算出してもよい。
In the present invention, peripheral vascular resistance refers to the difficulty (vascular resistance) of blood flow in the vascular region on the more peripheral side from the outlet boundary of the blood vessel that exits from the region defined in the setting of the blood vessel shape. Yes, each blood vessel i exits from the region (FIG. 1).
The method for estimating the peripheral vascular resistance is not limited to a variety of methods such as inferring from the shape of the vascular network, but it is calculated from the measurement results of the outlet boundary blood flow and the vascular shape in each blood vessel before surgery. May be.

さらに好ましくは、手術前の血管形状を対象領域をとし、該対象領域を区分した要素ごとに、以下の数式
[数7]

及び
[数8]

を用い,特に境界条件として、血管入口部境界での動脈圧Pref、壁面上での血流速度ゼロ及び計測によって得られる血管i出口部境界での血流量Qi 0を与えた上で該数式を計算することにより、血管i出口部境界圧力値Pi 0を算出するという数値流体計算を用いた方法で、出口部境界圧力値を算出し、該圧力値及び計測によって得られた出口部境界血流量に基づいて末梢血管抵抗を見積もってもよい。
More preferably, the blood vessel shape before surgery is a target region, and for each element that divides the target region,
[Equation 7]

as well as
[Equation 8]

As the boundary conditions, the arterial pressure P ref at the blood vessel inlet boundary, the blood flow velocity zero on the wall surface, and the blood flow rate Q i 0 at the blood vessel i outlet boundary obtained by measurement are given. By calculating a mathematical formula, the outlet fluid boundary pressure value is calculated by a method using a numerical fluid calculation of calculating the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value P i 0 , and the outlet portion obtained by the pressure value and measurement is calculated. Peripheral vascular resistance may be estimated based on the boundary blood flow.

一般に、末梢血管抵抗は、該血管部位を通過する血流量と反比例し、該血流により生ずる血管圧力値とは比例の関係となることが知られている。この為、血管iの出口部境界圧力をPiとし、循環を経て血液が戻る右心室の圧力をPvとすると,出口境界部より下流にあたる抹消血管での圧力損失ΔPi
[数9]

として与えられ、血管iの出口境界血流量Qiと,血管iの末梢血管抵抗Ri
[数10]

として見積もることができるが、末梢血管抵抗の算出方法としては、特にこれに限定するものではない。
例えば、該末梢血管抵抗の算出方法に、[0021]に記載の数値流体計算を用いる方法により得られる手術前の血管i出口部境界圧力値Pi 0および手術前に計測によって得られる該血管i出口部での血流量Qi 0を当てはめることにより、該血管iの抹消血管抵抗Ri
[数11]

(ここに、Pvは循環を経て血液が戻る右心室の圧力を示す)
を用いることによって算出することもできる。
In general, it is known that the peripheral vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the blood flow passing through the vascular site, and is proportional to the vascular pressure value generated by the blood flow. For this reason, if the outlet boundary pressure of the blood vessel i is P i and the pressure of the right ventricle where blood returns through circulation is P v , the pressure loss ΔP i in the peripheral blood vessel downstream from the outlet boundary is [Equation 9]

The peripheral blood flow volume Q i of the blood vessel i and the peripheral vascular resistance R i of the blood vessel i are given by [Equation 10]

However, the peripheral vascular resistance calculation method is not particularly limited to this.
For example, the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value P i 0 before surgery obtained by the method using the numerical fluid calculation described in [0021] as the peripheral vascular resistance calculation method and the blood vessel i obtained by measurement before surgery. By applying the blood flow rate Q i 0 at the outlet, the peripheral vascular resistance R i of the blood vessel i is
[Equation 11]

(Where Pv is the pressure in the right ventricle where blood returns through circulation)
It is also possible to calculate by using.

本願発明に係る血流配分量予測方法は、出口部境界圧力の修正に、前記末梢血管抵抗を用いることで血流配分量を推定する過程を備えていることを特徴としている。ここで、末梢血管抵抗を用いて出口部境界圧力の修正を行う方法としては、該末梢血管抵抗を、以下の数式
[数12]

(ここに、Pi Nは血管i出口部における第Nステップ目の境界圧力値、αは緩和係数、Qi Nは血管i出口部境界における第Nステップ目の血流量、Riは血管iの抹消血管抵抗を示し、特に、Qi 0は手術前に計測によって得られる血管i出口部境界での血流量を、Pi 0は手術前形状における血管i出口部境界圧力値を示す)
の中で用いることにより、血管iの出口部境界における第N+1ステップ目の出口部境界圧力値Pi N+1を、第Nステップ目の数値に修正を加えることで算出するというものが挙げられるが、特にこれに限定されるものではない。
なお、ここで用いられている緩和係数は0<α≦1の範囲の数値であればよく、該範囲内において大きな数値であるほど(1に近づけるほど)少ないステップ数で収束値に到達する(相対誤差が充分に小さくなる(後述))可能性が大きくなり、その一方で、最終的に収束値に到達しない(相対誤差が充分に小さくならない)リスクも増大する。
The blood flow distribution amount prediction method according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a process of estimating the blood flow distribution amount by using the peripheral vascular resistance for correcting the outlet boundary pressure. Here, as a method of correcting the outlet boundary pressure using the peripheral vascular resistance, the peripheral vascular resistance is expressed by the following formula:
[Equation 12]

(Where P i N is the boundary pressure value at the Nth step at the outlet of the blood vessel i, α is the relaxation coefficient, Q i N is the blood flow volume at the Nth step at the boundary of the blood vessel i outlet, and R i is the blood vessel i. In particular, Q i 0 indicates blood flow at the blood vessel i outlet boundary obtained by measurement before the operation, and P i 0 indicates the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value in the pre-operative shape)
, The outlet boundary pressure value P i N + 1 of the (N + 1) th step at the outlet boundary of the blood vessel i is calculated by correcting the numerical value of the Nth step. However, it is not particularly limited to this.
The relaxation coefficient used here may be a numerical value in the range of 0 <α ≦ 1, and the convergence value is reached with a smaller number of steps as the numerical value is larger (closer to 1) within the range ( The possibility that the relative error is sufficiently small (described later) increases, while the risk that the convergence value is not finally reached (the relative error is not sufficiently small) increases.

さらに、上記の末梢血管抵抗を用いた出口部境界圧力の修正に基づいて血流配分量を推定する過程としては、数値流体計算を用いてもよく、特に限定されるわけではないが、例えば、手術後に想定される血管形状を対象領域をとし、該対象領域を区分した要素ごとに、以下の数式
[数13]

及び
[数14]

を用い,特に境界条件として、血管入口部境界での血流量を、手術前に計測した各血管末端部での血流量の総計,又は,手術前に該入口部にて計測した血流量とし、壁面上での血流速度をゼロ、第Nステップの血管i出口部境界圧力値Pi Nを与えた上で該数式を計算することにより、血管i出口部境界における第N+1ステップの血流量Qi N+1を算出し、
該N+1ステップの血管i出口部境界血流量Qi N+1と、Nステップ目の血管i出口部境界血流量Qi Nとの相対誤差が十分小さい場合に、血管配分量の推定を確定することを特徴とするものであってもよい。
Furthermore, as a process of estimating the blood flow distribution based on the correction of the outlet boundary pressure using the peripheral vascular resistance described above, numerical fluid calculation may be used, and is not particularly limited. The blood vessel shape assumed after the operation is taken as the target region, and for each element that divides the target region, the following formula
[Equation 13]

as well as
[Equation 14]

In particular, as a boundary condition, the blood flow at the blood vessel inlet boundary is the total blood flow at each blood vessel end measured before surgery, or the blood flow measured at the inlet before surgery, blood flow rate on the wall zero, by calculating the said numerical expression on given vascular i outlet boundary pressure values P i N of the N steps, vascular i (N + 1) th step of the blood flow rate Q at the outlet boundary i N + 1 is calculated,
If the relative error between the N + 1-step blood vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N + 1 and the N-th blood vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N is sufficiently small, the estimation of the blood vessel distribution amount is confirmed. It may be characterized by that.

ここで、「N+1ステップ目の血管i出口部境界血流量Qi N+1と、Nステップ目の血管i出口部境界血流量Qi Nとの相対誤差」とは、Nステップ目とN+1ステップ目の血管iでの出口部境界血流量の差の絶対値(|Qi N+1−Qi N|)のQi Nに対する割合(|Qi N+1−Qi N|/Qi N)であり、該相対誤差が「十分小さい」とは、0.05以下、好ましくは0.03以下、さらに好ましくは0.01以下となった場合である。 Here, "the vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N + 1 of the N + 1-th step, the relative error between the blood vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N a N-th step", N-th step and N + 1 step Ratio (| Q i N + 1 −Q i N |) of absolute difference (| Q i N + 1 −Q i N |) of the difference in the outlet boundary blood flow in blood vessel i of eye to Q i N (| Q i N ) and the relative error is “sufficiently small” when it is 0.05 or less, preferably 0.03 or less, more preferably 0.01 or less.

本発明の第2の形態は、コンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置に、第1の態様に係る血液配分量予測方法の各ステップを実行させるための、血管手術後の血管における血流の配分量を予測するプログラムである。本発明の血流配分量予測プログラムの提供は、インターネット等の通信回線、コンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置にて読み取り可能な記録媒体など、適宜の媒体を用いて行うことができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, the distribution amount of blood flow in a blood vessel after vascular surgery for causing a computer or other information terminal device to execute each step of the blood distribution amount prediction method according to the first aspect. It is a program to predict. The blood flow distribution amount prediction program of the present invention can be provided using an appropriate medium such as a communication line such as the Internet, a recording medium readable by a computer or other information terminal device, but is not limited thereto. Is not to be done.

本発明の第3の形態は、該発明の第2の態様である血流の配分量を予測するプログラムが記録された、コンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置にて読み取り可能な記録媒体である。上記記録媒体としては、例えば、磁気テープやカセットテープ等のテープ系、フロッピー(登録商標)ディスク/ハードディスク等の磁気ディスクやCD−ROM/MO/MD/DVD/CD−R等の光ディスクを含むディスク系、ICカード(メモリカードを含む)/光カード等のカード系、あるいはマスクROM/EPROM/EEPROM/フラッシュROM等の半導体メモリ系などを用いることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。 A third aspect of the present invention is a recording medium readable by a computer or other information terminal device in which a program for predicting the blood flow distribution amount according to the second aspect of the present invention is recorded. Examples of the recording medium include a tape system such as a magnetic tape and a cassette tape, a magnetic disk such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk / hard disk, and an optical disk such as a CD-ROM / MO / MD / DVD / CD-R. System, IC card (including memory card) / optical card, etc., or semiconductor memory system such as mask ROM / EPROM / EEPROM / flash ROM can be used. However, the present invention is not limited to these.

本発明の第4の態様は、第2の態様に係る血流の配分量を予測するプログラムが格納されているか、または該プログラムを実行可能なコンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置である。本発明の範囲には、第2の態様に係る血流配分量予測プログラムを実行可能な、専用もしくは非専用のコンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置のみならず、該血流配分量予測プログラムが格納された、専用もしくは非専用のコンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置の形態も含まれる。 A fourth aspect of the present invention is a computer or other information terminal device that stores or can execute the program for predicting the blood flow distribution amount according to the second aspect. The scope of the present invention stores not only a dedicated or non-dedicated computer or other information terminal device capable of executing the blood flow distribution amount prediction program according to the second aspect, but also the blood flow distribution amount prediction program. In addition, a form of a dedicated or non-dedicated computer or other information terminal device is also included.

以下に実施例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。   Examples are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

1.予測法のフローチャート
本実施例に係る血流配分量予測法のフローチャートを図2に示す。まず,1において、術前の血管形状と各血管iを流れる血流量Qi(=Qi 0)を取得する.次に,2において,術前形状の各出口部境界条件にQiを与え,数値流体計算を行う(これを0th stepとする)。これによって得られる術前形状の各血管i出口部境界での断面内平均圧力Pi(=Pi 0)と血流量Qiから
[数15]

及び
[数16]

により末梢血管抵抗Riを見積もる(3;ただし、Pvは、循環を経て血液が戻る右心室の圧力とする)。
4において,術前形状にバイパス血管を模した血管を設定し,これを術後形状とする。この術後形状において,以降,この術後形状を用いて計算を行う。
6、7において,まず,1st stepの出口部境界条件として、0th stepにあたる術前形状の各血管i出口部境界での断面内平均圧力PiをPi 0として与え,数値流体計算を行う.これにより8において,得られた出口部境界血流量Qi 1を、術前に計測した血流量Qi(=Qi 0)と比較し,大きく異なっている場合,9においてQi 1,Qi 0,Riから
[数17]

(ここに、Pi Nは血管i出口部における第Nステップ目の境界圧力値、αは緩和係数、Qi Nは血管i出口部境界における第Nステップ目の血流量、Riは血管iの抹消血管抵抗を示し、特に、Qi 0は手術前に計測によって得られる血管i出口部境界での血流量を、Pi 0は手術前形状における血管i出口部境界圧力値を示す)
により出口圧力の修正を行う。修正後の圧力Pi 1を、6、7において2nd stepの出口部境界条件として与え、計算を行い,8において1st stepでの各出口部境界血流量と比較する。両者が異なっている場合,再び圧力の修正および数値流体計算に戻る。
すべての血管でQi N+1とQi Nとの相対誤差が十分小さくなるまで,この繰り返し計算を行う。この結果,得られた各血管出口部境界血流量を血管バイパス手術後における出口部境界血流量とする。
1. Flowchart of Prediction Method A flowchart of the blood flow distribution amount prediction method according to the present embodiment is shown in FIG. First, in 1, the preoperative blood vessel shape and the blood flow Q i (= Q i 0 ) flowing through each blood vessel i are acquired. Next, in step 2, Q i is given to each exit boundary condition of the preoperative shape, and numerical fluid calculation is performed (this is assumed to be 0th step). Based on the average pressure P i (= P i 0 ) in the cross section and the blood flow Q i at the outlet boundary of each blood vessel i of the preoperative shape obtained by this
[Equation 15]

as well as
[Equation 16]

Estimate the peripheral resistance R i by (3; provided, P v is the pressure of the right ventricle via the circulating blood is returned).
4, a blood vessel simulating a bypass blood vessel is set as the preoperative shape, and this is used as the postoperative shape. In this post-operative shape, calculation is performed using this post-operative shape.
In 6,7, firstly, as an outlet portion boundary conditions 1st step, giving a cross-section in the average pressure P i in each vessel i outlet boundary preoperative shape corresponding to 0th step as P i 0, performs numerical fluid calculations. In this way 8, the outlet boundary blood flow Q i 1 obtained, if compared with blood flow measured preoperatively Q i (= Q i 0) , are very different, Q i 1 at 9, Q From i 0 and R i
[Equation 17]

(Where P i N is the boundary pressure value at the Nth step at the outlet of the blood vessel i, α is the relaxation coefficient, Q i N is the blood flow volume at the Nth step at the boundary of the blood vessel i outlet, and R i is the blood vessel i. In particular, Q i 0 indicates blood flow at the blood vessel i outlet boundary obtained by measurement before the operation, and P i 0 indicates the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value in the pre-operative shape)
To correct the outlet pressure. The corrected pressure P i 1 is given as an outlet boundary condition at the 2nd step in 6 and 7, calculation is performed, and comparison is made with each outlet boundary blood flow at the 1st step at 8. If they are different, return to pressure correction and numerical fluid calculation again.
Repeat this calculation until the relative error between Q i N + 1 and Q i N is sufficiently small in all blood vessels. As a result, each blood vessel outlet boundary blood flow obtained is defined as the outlet boundary blood flow after the vascular bypass surgery.

2.評価モデル
図3に示すような単純二分岐形状に窄通枝がついた3種類の脳血管血管モデルにおいて,本願発明の有効性について検討した。図3のモデルAはバイパス術前における末梢部の血管抵抗を持つ血管を模したモデルである。親血管の直径が5 mmであり,入口から150 mmのところに直径1.4 mm,長さ100 mmの窄通枝が付いている。そこから,更に50 mm進んだところで,直径5 mmの二本の娘血管へと分岐する。左側の娘血管は分岐部から190 mmの断面から直径5 mm,長さ70 mmの抹消血管が付いている。右側の娘血管についても分岐部から190 mmの断面から抹消血管が付いている。ただし,右側の抹消血管は出口部にて直径3.2 mmとなるテーパ管となっている。モデルBは、モデルAに示した術前の血管に、バイパス手術を施した、術後における末梢部の血管抵抗を持つ血管を模したモデルである。これに対し、モデルCはバイパス術後における末梢部の血管抵抗を除いた血管を模したモデルである。バイパス血管の直径は5 mmであり,親血管の入口から100 mmの地点と左側の娘血管の分岐部から140 mmの地点とを結ぶ。また,脳血管バイパス手術におけるクリッピングによる血流遮断を模して,親血管の入口から100 mmから150 mmの部分を除去した。
2. Evaluation Model The effectiveness of the present invention was examined in three types of cerebrovascular models having a bifurcated branch in a simple bifurcated shape as shown in FIG. Model A in FIG. 3 is a model simulating a blood vessel having a vascular resistance in the peripheral portion before bypass surgery. The diameter of the parent vessel is 5 mm, and a stenosis branch with a diameter of 1.4 mm and a length of 100 mm is attached 150 mm from the entrance. From there, 50 mm further, it branches into two daughter vessels with a diameter of 5 mm. The daughter vessel on the left has a peripheral blood vessel with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 70 mm from a section 190 mm from the bifurcation. The daughter vessel on the right also has a peripheral blood vessel from a cross section of 190 mm from the bifurcation. However, the peripheral blood vessel on the right side is a tapered tube with a diameter of 3.2 mm at the outlet. Model B is a model simulating a blood vessel having a vascular resistance in the peripheral portion after the operation, in which a preoperative blood vessel shown in model A is subjected to a bypass operation. On the other hand, model C is a model simulating blood vessels excluding peripheral vascular resistance after bypass surgery. The bypass vessel has a diameter of 5 mm and connects the point 100 mm from the entrance of the parent vessel and the point 140 mm from the bifurcation of the left daughter vessel. In addition, we removed 100 to 150 mm from the entrance of the parent vessel, simulating blood flow blockage by clipping in cerebrovascular bypass surgery.

3.評価方法及び基準
本モデルを用いた場合,実際には臨床計測(超音波やPC-MRIなど)による各血管末端部の流量データがないので、これを数値的に模擬した。まず,モデルAにおいて各血管の末端部に圧力ゼロを与えて数値流体計算を行い、これによって得られる血管iの出口血流量をQi 0とする。また,このモデルにおいて末梢部が始まる部分の断面をとり,その断面内平均圧力および流量を計算し,Pi 0とし、これらの2つから末梢抵抗の見積もりを行う。
モデルCにおいて,窄通枝出口には圧力ゼロ,他の血管出口部境界には圧力Pi 0を与えて,発明手法により計算を行った。モデルBは、モデルCの末端部にモデルAで示した抹消血管が付いた形状であるので,バイパス手術後の正しい解(以後,真の解)となる。したがって,このモデルBを用いて得られた結果と,提案手法によってモデルCから得られる結果とが一致すれば,本願発明の有効性が示されることとなる。
3. Evaluation method and criteria When this model was used, there was actually no flow data at the end of each blood vessel by clinical measurements (such as ultrasound and PC-MRI), so this was numerically simulated. First, in model A, a numerical fluid calculation is performed by applying zero pressure to the end of each blood vessel, and the resulting outlet blood flow of blood vessel i is Q i 0 . In this model, the cross section of the part where the distal part starts is taken, the average pressure and flow rate in the cross section are calculated, P i 0 is taken, and the peripheral resistance is estimated from these two.
In model C, the pressure was zero at the exit of the stenosis and pressure P i 0 was applied to the other blood vessel outlet boundary, and the calculation was performed according to the inventive method. Since the model B has a shape in which the peripheral blood vessel shown in the model A is attached to the terminal portion of the model C, it is a correct solution after the bypass operation (hereinafter, a true solution). Therefore, if the result obtained using the model B matches the result obtained from the model C by the proposed method, the effectiveness of the present invention is shown.

4.数値流体計算の設定条件
数値流体計算においては,脳血管内の流れを非圧縮性定常流であると仮定し,三次元非圧縮ナビエ・ストークス方程式及び連続の式を解いた。作動流体は水として,密度を1.0x103 kg/m3,動粘性係数は1.0x10-6 m2/sとした。また,入口部境界条件として速度0.01 m/s,壁面上は速度ゼロの滑り無し条件を与えた。出口部境界条件としては,窄通枝出口に0 Paを,他の血管出口には本願発明手法によって求めた圧力を与えた。代表長さを入口管直径,代表速度を入口部流速とした際のレイノルズ数は50である。
4). Setting conditions for numerical fluid calculation In the numerical fluid calculation, the flow in the cerebral blood vessel is assumed to be an incompressible steady flow, and the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity equation are solved. The working fluid was water, the density was 1.0x10 3 kg / m 3 , and the kinematic viscosity coefficient was 1.0x10 -6 m 2 / s. In addition, a no-slip condition with a velocity of 0.01 m / s and zero velocity on the wall was given as the boundary condition of the inlet. As the outlet boundary condition, 0 Pa was applied to the stenosis branch outlet, and the pressure determined by the method of the present invention was applied to the other blood vessel outlets. The Reynolds number is 50 when the representative length is the inlet tube diameter and the representative speed is the inlet flow velocity.

5.結果
モデルAにおいて全ての出口部圧力を0 Paとして計算した結果,各出口部の血流量はQ1 = 1.09x10-7 m3/s,Q2 = 0.81x10-7 m3/s,また,末梢部を除く末端部での圧力はP1 = 0.663 Pa,P2 = 1.36 Paであった(図3、4)。
モデルCの血管1および血管2における出口部血流量をそれぞれQ1,Q2とすると,図4に示す第1ステップでの各血管の出口部血流量はQ1 1=1.83x10-7 m3/s,Q2 1=0.0862x10-7 m3/sであり,モデルBより得られる真の解の結果Q1 *=1.52x10-7 m3/s,Q2 *=0.406x10-7 m3/sとは全く異なるものであった(図4)。しかしながら,本願発明手法に従い、各出口部の境界圧力を修正し,繰り返し計算をすることで,モデルCの各血管の出口部血流量は変化し,最終的にはQ1 = 1.53x10-7 m3/s,Q2 = 0.384x10-7 m3/sとなった(図4;第12ステップ)。
繰り返し計算の各ステップにともなう各血管出口部での流量変化を図4中のグラフに示す。ここでは,真の解を破線で示してある。計算第1ステップ目では,真の解との相対誤差は血管1において20%,血管2において-79%であったが,計算が進むにつれて誤差は小さくなっていき,最終的には血管1において0.7 %,血管2において-5 %となって真の解とほぼ一致した。
さらに、モデルA−Cにおいて、いずれの場合も窄通枝(血管3)の出口部圧力値を0とした。術前(モデルA)の血管3での出口部血流量Q3 0は0.029x10-7m3/sとなった。術後、出口境界部下流側の末梢の存在も考慮に入れた場合(モデルB)の血管3での出口部血流量Q3 *は0.0105x10-7m3/sとなるのに対し、術後、境界下流側の末梢の存在を考慮に入れない条件(モデルC)にて各血管での出口境界圧力を全て0にした場合での血管3における出口部血流量Q3は0.0038x10-7m3/sとなる。これに対し、該条件下にて本願発明に係る予測方法に基づく計算を行った場合、最終ステップ(第12ステップ)の血管3での出口部血流量Q3 12は0.0104x10-7m3/sとなり、真の解(0.0105 x10-7m3/s)に対する相対誤差は0.01以下となった。
5. Results As a result of calculating all outlet pressures in the model A with 0 Pa, the blood flow at each outlet is Q 1 = 1.09x10 -7 m 3 / s, Q 2 = 0.81x10 -7 m 3 / s, The pressure at the end excluding the peripheral part is P 1 = 0.663 Pa, P 2 = 1.36 Pa (FIGS. 3 and 4).
If the outlet blood flows in the blood vessel 1 and blood vessel 2 of the model C are Q 1 and Q 2 , respectively, the outlet blood flow in each blood vessel in the first step shown in FIG. 4 is Q 1 1 = 1.83 × 10 −7 m 3. / s, Q 2 1 = 0.0862x10 -7 m 3 / s, and the result of the true solution obtained from model B Q 1 * = 1.52x10 -7 m 3 / s, Q 2 * = 0.406x10 -7 m It was completely different from 3 / s (Fig. 4). However, according to the method of the present invention, the boundary pressure at each outlet is corrected and the calculation is repeated, so that the blood flow at the outlet of each blood vessel of model C changes, and finally, Q 1 = 1.53 × 10 −7 m 3 / s, Q 2 = 0.384 × 10 −7 m 3 / s (FIG. 4; 12th step).
The graph of FIG. 4 shows the flow rate change at each blood vessel outlet portion with each step of the iterative calculation. Here, the true solution is indicated by a broken line. In the first calculation step, the relative error from the true solution was 20% for blood vessel 1 and -79% for blood vessel 2. However, as the calculation progressed, the error became smaller, and finally in blood vessel 1. 0.7% and -5% in blood vessel 2 were almost in agreement with the true solution.
Further, in the models A to C, the outlet pressure value of the stenosis branch (blood vessel 3) was set to 0 in all cases. Outlet blood flow Q 3 0 of vascular 3 preoperative (Model A) became 0.029x10 -7 m 3 / s. After the operation, when taking into account the presence of the periphery downstream of the outlet boundary (model B), the blood flow Q 3 * at the outlet 3 in the blood vessel 3 is 0.0105x10 -7 m 3 / s After that, the outlet blood flow Q 3 in the blood vessel 3 when the outlet boundary pressure in each blood vessel is all 0 under the condition (model C) that does not take into account the presence of the peripheral downstream side is 0.0038x10 -7 m 3 / s. On the other hand, when the calculation based on the prediction method according to the present invention is performed under the above conditions, the outlet blood flow rate Q 3 12 in the blood vessel 3 in the final step (12th step) is 0.0104 × 10 −7 m 3 / s, and the relative error with respect to the true solution (0.0105 x10 -7 m 3 / s) was 0.01 or less.

6.結論
以上より、本願発明手法により,脳血管バイパス手術後の血流配分を0.05以下の相対誤差で見積もることができることがわかった。
6). From the above, it was found that the blood flow distribution after cerebrovascular bypass surgery can be estimated with a relative error of 0.05 or less by the method of the present invention.

本発明によれば、バイパス手術等に代表される血管手術において、術後、血管系ネットワーク構造が大きく変化することで生じる、血流量不足による末梢組織の壊死や淀みにより引き起こされる血栓形成の有無を術前に予測することが可能となるため、医師による診断の支援に多大なる効果をもたらすものである。   According to the present invention, in vascular surgery represented by bypass surgery or the like, the presence or absence of thrombus formation caused by necrosis or itching of peripheral tissues due to insufficient blood flow caused by a large change in the vascular network structure after the operation is detected. Since prediction can be performed before surgery, it has a great effect on support of diagnosis by a doctor.

Claims (8)

血管手術後の血管における血流の配分量を予測する方法であって、該方法は、
末梢血管抵抗を見積もる過程と、
術後の血管形状を設定し、出口部境界圧力の修正に、前記末梢血管抵抗を用いることで血流配分量を推定する過程
とを備えてなる、血流配分量予測方法。
A method for predicting the distribution of blood flow in a blood vessel after vascular surgery, the method comprising:
The process of estimating peripheral vascular resistance;
A blood flow distribution amount prediction method comprising: setting a post-operative blood vessel shape, and estimating the blood flow distribution amount by using the peripheral vascular resistance to correct the outlet boundary pressure.
前記末梢血管抵抗の見積もりを、術前の各血管での出口部境界血流量及び血管形状の計測結果から算出することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の血流配分量予測方法。   The blood flow distribution amount prediction method according to claim 1, wherein the estimation of the peripheral vascular resistance is calculated from a measurement result of an outlet boundary blood flow rate and a blood vessel shape in each blood vessel before surgery. 前記末梢血管抵抗を見積もる過程及び/又は前記血流配分量を推定する過程に、数値流体計算を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の血流配分量予測方法。   3. The blood flow distribution amount prediction method according to claim 1, wherein numerical fluid calculation is used in the process of estimating the peripheral vascular resistance and / or the process of estimating the blood flow distribution amount. 4. 前記末梢血管抵抗の見積もりに用いる数値流体計算として、
手術前の血管形状を対象領域とし、該対象領域を区分した要素ごとに、以下の数式
[数1]

及び
[数2]

を用い,特に境界条件として、手術前の血管入口部境界での動脈圧Pref、壁面上での血流速度ゼロ及び手術前に計測によって得られる血管i出口部境界での血流量Qi 0を与えた上で、該数式を計算することにより、手術前の血管i出口部境界圧力値Pi 0を算出し、
さらに、該血管iの抹消血管抵抗Ri
[数3]

(ここに、Pvは循環を経て血液が戻る右心室の圧力を示す)
を用いることによって算出することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の血流配分量予測方法。
As a numerical fluid calculation used to estimate the peripheral vascular resistance,
The blood vessel shape before surgery is set as a target area, and for each element that divides the target area, the following formula
[Equation 1]

as well as
[Equation 2]

In particular, as boundary conditions, arterial pressure P ref at the blood vessel inlet boundary before surgery, blood flow velocity on the wall surface zero, and blood flow rate Q i 0 at blood vessel i outlet boundary obtained by measurement before surgery are used. And calculating the mathematical formula to calculate the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value P i 0 before the operation,
Furthermore, the peripheral vascular resistance Ri of the blood vessel i
[Equation 3]

(Where Pv is the pressure in the right ventricle where blood returns through circulation)
The blood flow distribution amount prediction method according to claim 3, wherein the blood flow distribution amount prediction method is calculated by using.
前記出口部境界圧力の修正において、前記末梢血管抵抗を、以下の数式
[数4]

(ここに、Pi Nは血管i出口部における第Nステップ目の境界圧力値、αは緩和係数、Qi Nは血管i出口部境界における第Nステップ目の血流量、Riは血管iの抹消血管抵抗を示し、特に、Qi 0は手術前に計測によって得られる血管i出口部境界での血流量を、Pi 0は手術前形状における血管i出口部境界圧力値を示す)
にて用いることにより、血管i出口部における第N+1ステップ目の境界圧力値Pi N+1を算出し、
前記血流配分量の推定に用いる数値流体計算として、
手術後に想定される血管形状を対象領域をとし、該対象領域を区分した要素ごとに、以下の数式
[数5]

及び
[数6]

を用い,特に境界条件として、血管入口部境界での血流量を、手術前に計測した各血管末端部での血流量の総計,又は,手術前に該入口部にて計測した血流量とし、壁面上での血流速度をゼロ、第Nステップの血管i出口部境界圧力値Pi Nを与えた上で該数式を計算することにより、血管i出口部境界における第N+1ステップの血流量Qi N+1を算出し、
該N+1ステップの血管i出口部境界血流量Qi N+1と、Nステップ目の血管i出口部境界血流量Qi Nとの相対誤差が十分小さい場合に、血管配分量の推定を確定することを特徴とする、請求項1乃至4に記載の血液配分量予測方法。
In correcting the outlet boundary pressure, the peripheral vascular resistance is expressed by the following formula:
[Equation 4]

(Where P i N is the boundary pressure value at the Nth step at the outlet of the blood vessel i, α is the relaxation coefficient, Q i N is the blood flow volume at the Nth step at the boundary of the blood vessel i outlet, and R i is the blood vessel i. In particular, Q i 0 indicates blood flow at the blood vessel i outlet boundary obtained by measurement before the operation, and P i 0 indicates the blood vessel i outlet boundary pressure value in the pre-operative shape)
To calculate the boundary pressure value P i N + 1 of the (N + 1) th step at the blood vessel i outlet,
As a numerical fluid calculation used for estimating the blood flow distribution amount,
The blood vessel shape assumed after the operation is taken as the target region, and for each element that divides the target region, the following formula
[Equation 5]

as well as
[Equation 6]

In particular, as a boundary condition, the blood flow at the blood vessel inlet boundary is the total blood flow at each blood vessel end measured before surgery, or the blood flow measured at the inlet before surgery, blood flow rate on the wall zero, by calculating the said numerical expression on given vascular i outlet boundary pressure values P i N of the N steps, vascular i (N + 1) th step of the blood flow rate Q at the outlet boundary i N + 1 is calculated,
If the relative error between the N + 1-step blood vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N + 1 and the N-th blood vessel i outlet boundary blood flow Q i N is sufficiently small, the estimation of the blood vessel distribution amount is confirmed. The blood distribution amount prediction method according to claim 1, wherein the blood distribution amount is predicted.
コンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置に、請求項1乃至5の何れか1に記載の血液配分量予測方法の各ステップを実行させるための、血管手術後の血管における血流の配分量を予測するプログラム。 A program for predicting a blood flow distribution amount in a blood vessel after vascular surgery for causing a computer or other information terminal device to execute each step of the blood distribution amount prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. . 請求項6に記載の血流の配分量を予測するプログラムが記録された、コンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置にて読み取り可能な記録媒体。 A recording medium readable by a computer or other information terminal device, on which the program for predicting the blood flow distribution amount according to claim 6 is recorded. 請求項6に記載の血流の配分量を予測するプログラムが格納されているか、または該プログラムを実行可能なコンピューターもしくはその他の情報端末装置。 A computer or other information terminal device that stores or can execute the program for predicting the blood flow distribution amount according to claim 6.
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JP2018517958A (en) * 2015-04-02 2018-07-05 ハートフロー, インコーポレイテッド System and method for predicting perfusion injury from physiological, anatomical and patient characteristics
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JP2018517958A (en) * 2015-04-02 2018-07-05 ハートフロー, インコーポレイテッド System and method for predicting perfusion injury from physiological, anatomical and patient characteristics
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