JP2015074164A - Three-dimensional molding device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional molding device and method that can prevent decrease of the strength in the lamination direction of a three-dimensional molded article.SOLUTION: A three-dimensional molding device 100 includes: a discharge part 122 that discharges a molding material toward a molding stage 140 to form a molding material layer; a smoothing part 124 that smooths the surface of the molding material layer formed by the discharge part 122; a hardening part 126 that performs hardening treatment for hardening at least the surface of the molding material layer smoothed by the smoothing part 124; and a surface roughening part 128 that roughens the surface of the molding material layer hardened by the hardening treatment by the hardening part 126.

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional modeling apparatus and a three-dimensional modeling method.

  A technique called rapid prototyping (RP) is known as a technique for modeling a three-dimensional solid object (hereinafter, “three-dimensional structure”). This technology calculates the cross-sectional shape sliced in the stacking direction based on the data (STL (Standard Triangulated Language) format data) that describes the surface of one 3D structure as a collection of triangles, and each layer is determined according to the shape. Is a technique for forming a three-dimensional structure by forming In addition, as a technique for modeling a three-dimensional structure, a melt deposition method (FDM: Fused Deposition Molding), an ink jet method, an ink jet binder method, an optical modeling method (SL: Stereo Lithography), a powder sintering method (SLS: Selective Molding) Laser Sintering) is known.

  As a three-dimensional modeling method using an inkjet method, for example, a step of selectively discharging a modeling material (for example, a photocurable resin) from an inkjet head to a modeling stage, the surface is predetermined by means such as a roller or a blade. A modeling material layer (cured layer) for one layer is formed by a process of smoothing to a thickness and a process of curing the modeling material (a light irradiation process in the case of a photocurable resin), and a plurality of the modeling material layers are stacked. Thus, a technique for modeling a three-dimensional structure is provided (for example, see Patent Document 1). According to such a method, since a high-definition modeling material layer is formed by discharging the modeling material as fine droplets, it is possible to model a high-definition three-dimensional model by laminating them. it can. In addition, by using an inkjet head (so-called line head) in which a plurality of ejection nozzles are arranged as an inkjet head, it has been devised so that even a large three-dimensional model can be modeled in a relatively short time. .

Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-512661

  However, when the modeling material layer (N + 1th layer) to be formed next is laminated on the surface of the smoothed modeling material layer (Nth layer, where N is a natural number), There was a problem that the adhesion at the interface was insufficient and the strength of the three-dimensional structure was lowered in the stacking direction of the modeling material layer.

  The objective of this invention is providing the three-dimensional modeling apparatus and the three-dimensional modeling method which can prevent the fall of the intensity | strength in the lamination direction of a three-dimensional modeling thing.

The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to the present invention is
A three-dimensional modeling apparatus that models a three-dimensional structure by sequentially forming and stacking modeling material layers made of modeling materials on a modeling stage,
By discharging the modeling material toward the modeling stage, a discharge unit that forms the modeling material layer;
A smoothing unit that smoothes the surface of the modeling material layer formed by the discharge unit;
A curing unit that performs a curing process that promotes curing of at least the surface of the modeling material layer smoothed by the smoothing unit;
A roughened portion for roughening the surface of the modeling material layer which has been hardened by the hardening treatment of the hardened portion;
It is characterized by providing.

The three-dimensional modeling method according to the present invention is:
A three-dimensional modeling method for modeling a three-dimensional structure by sequentially forming and stacking modeling material layers made of modeling materials,
A first step of forming the modeling material layer;
A second step of smoothing the surface of the modeling material layer formed by the first step;
A third step of performing a curing process for advancing curing of at least the surface of the modeling material layer smoothed by the second step;
A fourth step of roughening the surface of the modeling material layer hardened by the curing treatment of the third step;
It is characterized by having.

  According to the present invention, the next modeling material layer (N + 1th layer) is formed on the surface of the roughened modeling material layer (Nth layer). Therefore, the contact area between the modeling material layer (Nth layer) and the modeling material layer (N + 1th layer) is increased, and the modeling material layer (N + 1th layer) is formed on the surface of the modeling material layer (Nth layer). The adhesion effect between the modeling material layers can be improved by the anchor effect that the modeling material to enter enters. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a decrease in strength in the stacking direction of the three-dimensional structure.

It is a figure which shows schematically the structure of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the principal part of the control system of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of the head block which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of the roughening part which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of a structure of the roughening part which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of a structure of the roughening part which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a table | surface showing the result of the evaluation experiment in an Example and a comparative example.

Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a main part of a control system of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. The three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 forms a three-dimensional model 200 by sequentially forming a modeling material layer made of a modeling material (also referred to as a model material) on a modeling stage 140. Here, a case where a photocurable resin is used as a modeling material will be described.

  The three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 includes a control unit 110, a head block 120, a roughening unit 128, a moving mechanism 130, a modeling stage 140, and a data input unit 150. A computer device 160 is connected to the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100.

  The data input unit 150 is a 3D data obtained by measuring 3D data (CAD data, design data, etc.) of an object to be modeled for designing the object to be modeled or using a three-dimensional measuring machine. The information is acquired from the computer device 160 for generating modeling data based on the information, and is output to the control unit 110. The CAD data and the design data are not limited to the shape of the modeling object, but may include color image information on a part or the entire surface of the modeling object and the inside thereof. The method for acquiring 3D data is not particularly limited, and may be acquired using short-range wireless communication such as wired communication, wireless communication, Bluetooth (registered trademark), or a USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory. You may acquire using this recording medium. The 3D data may be acquired from a server that manages and stores the 3D data.

  The control unit 110 includes calculation means such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and data for each layer for modeling the three-dimensional structure 200 based on the 3D data output from the data input unit 150 ( Hereinafter, it is referred to as “slice data”). Moreover, the control part 110 controls operation | movement of the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 whole during modeling operation | movement of the three-dimensional structure 200. FIG. For example, mechanism control information for discharging the modeling material to a desired place is output to the moving mechanism 130 and slice data is output to the head block 120 and the roughening unit 128. That is, the control unit 110 controls the head block 120, the roughening unit 128, and the moving mechanism 130 in synchronization.

  The modeling stage 140 is disposed below the head block 120 and the roughened portion 128. A modeling material layer is formed on the modeling stage 140 by the head block 120, and a three-dimensional modeled object is modeled by laminating the modeling material layer.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the head block 120 includes a discharge unit 122, a smoothing unit 124, and a curing unit 126 inside the housing 121. The ink jet type ejection unit 122, the smoothing unit 124, and the curing unit 126 are arranged in this order from the right side of FIG.

  The discharge unit 122 is an inkjet discharge head having a plurality of discharge nozzles arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction (sub-scanning direction). The discharge unit 122 selectively discharges the droplets of the modeling material from the plurality of discharge nozzles toward the modeling stage 140 while scanning in the main scanning direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. A modeling material layer is formed in a desired region on the modeling stage 140 by repeating this operation a plurality of times while shifting the discharge unit 122 in the sub-scanning direction. As such a discharge unit 122, a conventionally known inkjet head for image formation is used. The plurality of discharge nozzles may be arranged in a line, may be arranged in a straight line, or may be arranged in a zigzag arrangement so as to be linear as a whole.

  The discharge part 122 stores the modeling material in a dischargeable state. In this Embodiment, what can discharge a modeling material in the range whose viscosity is 5-15 [mPa * s] as the discharge part 122 is employ | adopted. As the modeling material, a photocurable material that cures when irradiated with light of a specific wavelength is used. Examples of the photocurable material include ultraviolet curable resins disclosed in JP2012-71611A, radical polymerization type ultraviolet curable resins such as acrylic acid esters or vinyl ethers, and epoxy or oxetane. A cationic polymerization type ultraviolet curable resin using a combination of a monomer or oligomer and acetophenone, benzophenone or the like as a reaction initiator corresponding to the resin can be used. Specific examples include UV curable resins “VeroWhite RDG835”, “VeroClear RDG810”, “VeroBlackPlus RDG875” manufactured by Objet. In this embodiment, an ultraviolet curable resin is used as a modeling material. The photocurable material can be stored in a dischargeable state by blocking light of a specific wavelength that can be cured by a light shielding member or a filter. The modeling material is discharged onto the modeling stage 140 by the discharge unit 122 to form a modeling material layer. The modeling material layer is semi-cured by being cured by light irradiation. Here, the semi-curing refers to a state in which the modeling material layer is cured so as to have a viscosity enough to maintain the shape as a layer.

  In addition, the discharge part 122 is good also as a structure which discharges the support material (it is also called a support material) which supports modeling material with a modeling material. For example, the discharge unit 122 may be provided with a discharge nozzle different from the discharge nozzle for modeling material, and the support material may be discharged from the discharge nozzle, or an ink jet head (not shown) separate from the discharge unit 122. The support material may be discharged from. The support material is provided on the lower layer side of the modeling material layer, for example, when the modeling target has an overhanging portion, and supports the overhanging portion at least until the modeling of the three-dimensional modeling object 200 is completed. To do. Further, the support material may be provided adjacent to the modeling material layer to protect the three-dimensional modeled object 200 to be modeled. Such a support material is removed after the modeling of the three-dimensional structure 200 is completed.

  The smoothing unit 124 includes a smoothing roller 125 that can be rotationally driven under the control of the control unit 110, and a recovery member 131. The smoothing unit 124 is brought into contact with the surface of the liquid droplets ejected by the ejection unit 122. , Scraping off excess droplets to smooth the irregularities on the droplet surface. In order to prevent the smoothing roller 125 from coming into contact with the modeled object when the head block 120 returns to the reference position, a driving mechanism 123 for moving the smoothing roller 125 in the vertical direction in the head block 120 is provided. It has been. In the present embodiment, the smoothing roller 125 has a predetermined average roughness on the surface, and the counter direction (the left direction in FIG. 4) with respect to the relative movement direction (the left direction in FIG. 4) of the surface of the modeling material layer. Rotate in the direction in which the surfaces facing each other move in the opposite direction. As a result, a modeling material layer having a uniform layer thickness is formed. Since the surface of the modeling material layer is smoothed, the next modeling material layer can be accurately formed and stacked, so that the highly accurate three-dimensional model 200 can be modeled. The modeling material adhering to the surface of the smoothing roller 125 is scraped off by the collection member 131 provided with a blade provided in the vicinity of the smoothing roller 125. The modeling material scraped off by the blade may be supplied to the discharge unit 122 and reused, or may be transported to a waste tank.

The curing unit 126 performs a curing process (light irradiation process) on the droplets of the photocurable resin discharged toward the modeling stage 140 to semi-cure it. When the modeling material is an ultraviolet curable material, a UV lamp that emits ultraviolet light (UV) (in this embodiment, a high-pressure mercury lamp) is used as the curing unit 126. In addition to the high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, an ultra high pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, an ultraviolet LED lamp, or the like can be used as the curing unit 126. Here, the universal hardness of the surface of the building material layer cured by curing treatment of the hardened portion 126, 5 (N / mm ²⁾ or more 200 (N / mm ²⁾ or less. This is because, in order for the roughening roller 128A (see FIG. 4) described later to roughen the surface of the modeling material layer, the surface needs to be in a state where the shape can be transferred without flowing. .

The universal hardness HU can be determined by HU = F / (26.43 × h ² ) (F: test load [N], h: indentation depth under test load [mm]). Specifically, using a micro hardness tester “H-100V” (Fischer Instrument Co., Ltd.), a pyramid-type diamond indenter (Vickers indenter) is pushed to a certain load, and the load (F) and pushing depth The hardness is obtained from the profile of (h). The measurement can be performed under the following conditions.

Measuring machine: Micro hardness tester "H-100V" (Fischer Instrument Co., Ltd.)
Indenter shape: Vickers indenter (136 °)
Measurement environment: 20 [° C.], 60 [% RH]
Maximum test load: 3 [mN]
Loading speed: 3 [mN] / 20 [sec]
Maximum load creep time: 5.0 [sec]
Unloading speed: 3 [mN] / 20 [sec]
In addition, each sample (modeling material layer) was measured at a total of 15 points at three points at equal intervals in the main scanning direction at five points at equal intervals in the sub-scanning direction, and the average value was measured as universal hardness HU. And

  When the head block 120 forms one layer of modeling material layer, the head block 120 extends from one end on the modeling stage 140 in the main scanning direction (reference position serving as a starting point of scanning in the main scanning direction) to the other end (main scanning). The forming material is selectively discharged from each discharge nozzle based on the slice data while scanning to the reference position (end point of scanning in the direction) (first operation). Next, the head block 120 scans from the other end on the modeling stage 140 to the one end in the main scanning direction in a state where the ejection of the modeling material is stopped (second operation). During the second operation, the smoothing roller 125 is temporarily moved vertically upward in the head block 120 by the drive mechanism 123 so that the smoothing roller 125 of the head block 120 does not contact the surface of the modeling material layer. After the second operation is completed, the vertical position of the smoothing roller 125 is restored. In the second operation, the moving mechanism 130 is configured such that the head block 120 can be moved in the vertical direction, and the moving mechanism 130 is configured to temporarily move the head block 120 upward in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the modeling stage 140 may be configured to temporarily move downward in the vertical direction. Next, the head block 120 moves in the sub-scanning direction so that the ejection position of the modeling material by the ejection unit 122 does not overlap while the ejection of the modeling material is stopped (third operation). By repeating the first operation to the third operation, a predetermined region on the modeling stage 140 can be scanned, and a modeling material layer for one layer can be formed and laminated. In addition, when the three-dimensional structure 200 is small, the third operation can be omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the roughening portion 128 is roughened so that the surface has a predetermined uneven pattern, and includes a rotatable roughening roller 128 </ b> A (pressing member) inside the housing 127. In order to prevent the roughening roller 128A from coming into contact with the modeled object when the roughening portion 128 returns to the reference position, the roughening roller 128A is moved in the vertical direction within the roughening portion 128. Drive mechanism 133 is provided. The roughening roller 128 </ b> A roughens the surface by pressing the surface of the modeling material layer cured by the curing process of the curing unit 126. The surface roughening roller 128A roughens the surface of the modeling material layer so that the surface roughness (ten-point average roughness) is, for example, not less than 0.5 [μm] and not more than 1.2 [μm]. Here, the ten-point average roughness on the surface of the modeling material layer means the ten-point average roughness described in JISB0601-1982. That is, it is the difference between the average height of the top five peaks and the average height of the bottom five valleys within the distance of the standard value of the reference length. As the material of the roughening roller 128A, a metal material harder than the resin is preferable in order to effectively roughen the surface of the modeling material layer. For example, metal materials, such as stainless steel (for example, SUS303), iron, aluminum, nickel, an aluminum alloy, a nickel alloy, can be mentioned.

  In the present embodiment, the skewness (Rsk) of the cross-sectional curve is in the range of 0 <Rsk <3 with respect to the surface roughness of the roughened roughening roller 128A. Skewness refers to the degree of distortion of the cross-sectional curve of the surface roughness, and is a standard statistic for knowing the asymmetry between the peaks and valleys. When Rsk> 0, the tip of the peak portion has a sharp shape, and the width of the valley portion increases. On the other hand, when Rsk <0, the tip of the valley has a sharp shape, and the width of the peak increases. When Rsk> 0, the anchor effect that the modeling material constituting the modeling material layer (N + 1 layer) enters the surface of the modeling material layer (Nth layer) becomes higher, and the adhesion between the modeling material layers is improved. Can do. On the other hand, when Rsk exceeds 3 and becomes too high, the modeling material does not sufficiently enter the surface of the modeling material layer (Nth layer), and voids are generated, so that the adhesion between the modeling material layers is reduced.

  The skewness (Rsk) conforms to the definition of JISB0031 and is represented by the following formula.

Rq: root mean square roughness lr: length in the X-axis direction Z (x): height in the Z-axis direction at the x position Skewness (Rsk) is measured under the following measurement conditions.

Measuring machine: Surface roughness meter (Surfcom 1400D manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.)
Measurement length L: 8.0 [mm]
Cut-off wavelength λc: 0.08 [mm]
Stylus tip shape: cone with a tip angle of 60 ° Stylus tip radius: 0.5 [μm]
Measurement speed: 0.3 [mm / sec]
Measurement magnification: 100,000 times Measurement position: Three points of the center of the rotation axis and the midpoint between the rotation axis and the end of the roughened roller 128A)
The average value of the three locations is set as the skewness (Rsk) value in the present embodiment.

  As a method of forming a concavo-convex pattern on the surface of the roughening roller 128A, it can be formed by, for example, cutting, or by changing the cutting tool shape, or the pressing angle, pressing depth, and number of rotations of the cutting tool. By appropriately selecting, the concave and convex pattern shape can be freely carved from a simple one to a complicated one.

  As a cutting tool, a cutting tool made of a polycrystalline diamond sintered body is usually used in the roughing process, and a cutting tool made of a single crystal diamond or a polycrystalline diamond sintered body is used in the finishing process. As a bite made of single crystal diamond, either a flat shape or an R shape may be used. When the nose shape is an R shape, it is preferable to use a round nose radius R of about 10 to 30 [mm]. As a bite made of a polycrystalline diamond sintered body, either flat or R may be used as the nose shape, but a bite having a particle size of 0.2 [μm] or more and 15 [μm] or less is used. The polishing finish roughness is preferably such that the maximum roughness (Rt) is 0.3 [μm] or more and 2.0 [μm] or less.

  In order to form a concavo-convex pattern on the surface of the roughening roller 128A, after performing the above-described cutting process, sand blasting, dry ice blasting, high-pressure jet water treatment, etc. are performed, and these spraying strengths are selected as appropriate. There is a need to. In addition, about cutting, Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2007-264379, About sandblasting, Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2000-105481 and Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2000-155436, About dry ice blasting, Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-292565 As the high-pressure jet water treatment method, a method disclosed in JP-A-2006-30580 can be used.

  In this embodiment, the roughening roller 128A is in the width direction with respect to the relative movement direction (left direction in FIG. 4) of the surface of the modeling material layer with respect to the roughening roller 128A by contact with the surface of the modeling material layer. It is driven to rotate (the direction in which the surfaces facing each other move in the same direction). By rotating in the direction of the width, it is possible to prevent the modeling material from being scraped off from the surface of the modeling material layer so as to impart desired irregularities to the surface of the modeling material layer. Further, by rotating the roughening roller 128A in a driven manner, a mechanism for driving the roughening roller 128A can be eliminated, and the pressing force of the roughening roller 128A on the surface of the modeling material layer can be increased. It is easier to avoid and prevent roughening. From the viewpoint of not increasing the pressing force of the roughening roller 128A, the rotation speed of the roughening roller 128A and the scanning speed of the roughening roller 128A may be matched to drive and rotate the roughening roller 128A. .

  The surface roughening roller 128 </ b> A may not roughen the surface by pressing the surface of the modeling material layer, but may be roughened by spraying high pressure water on the surface of the modeling material layer, for example.

  In the present embodiment, when forming a modeling material layer for one layer, the rough surface portion 128 scans following the head block 120. That is, the roughening unit 128 becomes the end point of scanning in the main scanning direction from one end portion (reference position that is the starting point of scanning in the main scanning direction) on the modeling stage 140 in the main scanning direction. While scanning to the reference position), the surface of the modeling material layer cured by the curing process of the curing unit 126 is roughened (fourth operation). Next, the roughening unit 128 scans from the other end on the modeling stage 140 to the one end in the main scanning direction and returns to the reference position (fifth operation). During the fifth operation, the roughening roller 128A is temporarily moved vertically upward in the roughening portion 128 so that the roughening portion 128 and the surface of the modeling material layer do not come into contact with each other. After the completion, the vertical position of the roughening roller 128A is restored. In the fifth operation, the moving mechanism 130 is configured so that the rough surface portion 128 can be moved in the vertical direction, and the moving mechanism 130 temporarily moves the rough surface portion 128 upward in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the modeling stage 140 may be temporarily moved downward in the vertical direction. Next, the roughening unit 128 scans in the sub-scanning direction together with the discharge unit 122 (sixth operation). By repeating the fourth to sixth operations, a predetermined region on the modeling stage 140 can be scanned, and the surface of the modeling material layer for one layer can be roughened. In addition, when the three-dimensional structure 200 is small, the sixth operation can be omitted. Further, the roughening unit 128 moves the roughening roller 128A vertically upward so as not to contact the three-dimensional structure 200 in the fourth operation, and the modeling material is returned to the reference position in the fifth operation. The surface of the layer may be roughened. Further, roughening may be performed in both the fourth operation and the fifth operation. Further, the roughening operation may be performed every time a plurality of layers are formed by the head block 120.

  The moving mechanism 130 changes the relative positions of the head block 120, the roughened portion 128, and the modeling stage 140 in three dimensions. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the moving mechanism 130 includes a main scanning direction guide 132 that engages with the head block 120 and the roughened portion 128, and a sub scanning direction guide 132 that guides the main scanning direction guide 132 in the sub scanning direction. A scanning direction guide 134 and a vertical direction guide 136 for guiding the modeling stage 140 in the vertical direction are provided, and further, a driving mechanism including a motor, a driving reel, and the like (not shown) is provided. The moving mechanism 130 drives a motor and a driving mechanism (not shown) according to the mechanism control information output from the control unit 110, and freely moves the head block 120 and the roughening unit 128 in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction ( (See FIG. 1). More specifically, the head block 120 is moved at a constant speed in the main scanning direction for modeling, and the roughened portion 128 is moved at the constant speed in the main scanning direction for roughening the modeling material layer. . Further, the head block 120 and the roughened portion 128 are moved to a position where they do not interfere with each other prior to one movement so that the movement is not hindered. Further, the head block 120 and the roughened portion 128 are moved in the sub-scanning direction in order to form a large three-dimensional structure 200. The moving mechanism 130 fixes the positions of the head block 120 and the roughened portion 128 and moves the modeling stage 140 in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction, so that the head block 120, the roughened portion 128, You may comprise so that a relative position with the modeling stage 140 may be changed, and you may comprise both variably. In addition, two main scanning direction guides 132 may be provided, and the head block 120 and the roughening portion 128 may be engaged with the two main scanning direction guides 132, respectively.

  In addition, the moving mechanism 130 drives a motor and a driving mechanism (not shown) according to the mechanism control information output from the control unit 110, and moves the modeling stage 140 downward in the vertical direction so that the head block 120 and the roughening unit 128 The distance from the three-dimensional structure 200 is adjusted (see FIG. 1). That is, the modeling stage 140 is configured to be movable in the vertical direction by the moving mechanism 130, and after the Nth modeling material layer is formed on the modeling stage 140, the modeling stage 140 has a thickness corresponding to one layer of the modeling material layer. It moves downward in the vertical direction by a corresponding distance (stacking pitch). Then, after the (N + 1) th modeling material layer is formed on the modeling stage 140, it moves again downward in the vertical direction by the stacking pitch. The moving mechanism 130 may fix the vertical position of the modeling stage 140, and may move the head block 120 and the roughened portion 128 upward in the vertical direction, or both.

  As described above in detail, in the present embodiment, the three-dimensional modeling apparatus 100 is formed by the discharge unit 122 that forms the modeling material layer and the discharge unit 122 by discharging the modeling material toward the modeling stage 140. The smoothing part 124 for smoothing the surface of the formed modeling material layer, the curing part 126 for performing a curing process for promoting the curing of at least the surface of the modeling material layer smoothed by the smoothing part 124, and the curing of the curing part 126 A roughening portion 128 that roughens the surface of the modeling material layer hardened by the treatment.

  According to the present embodiment configured as described above, the next modeling material layer (N + 1th layer) is formed on the surface of the roughened modeling material layer (Nth layer). Therefore, an increase in the contact area between the modeling material layer (Nth layer) and the modeling material layer (N + 1th layer), and the modeling material layer (N + 1) on the surface (fine irregularities) of the modeling material layer (Nth layer) Due to the anchor effect that the modeling material constituting the layer) enters, the adhesion between the modeling material layers can be improved. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a decrease in strength in the stacking direction of the three-dimensional structure.

  In the above-described embodiment, a thermosetting material is used as the modeling material, and the heating unit that generates heat by the resistance heating element or the like is used as the curing unit 126 that performs the curing process by heating the modeling material instead of the UV lamp. May function. Even when a thermosetting material is used for the modeling material, there is a problem as described in “Problems to be solved by the invention”, that is, the strength of the three-dimensional model decreases in the stacking direction of the modeling material layer. This is because it occurs.

  Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated the example which separates the head block 120 and the roughening part 128, this invention is not limited to this. For example, the head block 120 and the roughened portion 128 may be integrated.

  Moreover, although the roughening part 128 demonstrated the example which equips an inside with the roughening roller 128A in the said embodiment, this invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the roughened portion 128 has a belt member 128 </ b> B (pressing member) that is roughened so that the surface has a predetermined uneven pattern and can be driven to rotate under the control of the control unit 110. You may provide in the inside of the housing | casing 127. FIG. The belt member 128 </ b> B roughens the surface by pressing the surface of the modeling material layer cured by the curing process of the curing unit 126. The belt member 128B rotates in the width direction with respect to the relative movement direction (left direction in FIG. 5) of the surface of the modeling material layer with respect to the belt member 128B.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the roughened portion 128 is roughened so that the surface has a predetermined uneven pattern, and a belt member 128 </ b> B (pressing member) that can be rotationally driven under the control of the control portion 110. It may be provided inside. The belt member 128 </ b> B roughens the surface by pressing the surface of the modeling material layer cured by the curing process of the curing unit 126. The belt member 128B rotates in the width direction with respect to the relative movement direction (left direction in FIG. 5) of the surface of the modeling material layer with respect to the belt member 128B. A driving mechanism 133 for moving the belt member 128B in the vertical direction is provided in the roughened portion 128.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the roughened portion 128 includes a plate-like member 128C (pressing member) roughened so that the surface has a predetermined uneven pattern, and a plate-like member 128C in the vertical direction in the figure. A guide guide 129 for guiding to the inside may be provided inside. The plate-like member 128 </ b> C is roughened by pressing the surface of the modeling material layer cured by the curing process of the curing unit 126. FIG. 6A shows a state in which the plate-like member 128C is positioned at the reference position before pressing the surface of the modeling material layer. In this state, it is assumed that the formation of the modeling material layer for one layer has been completed. FIG. 6B shows a state in which the plate-like member 128C moves downward in the drawing via the guide guide 129 and presses the surface of the modeling material layer.

  In addition, each of the above-described embodiments is merely an example of actualization in carrying out the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. That is, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist or the main features thereof.

  Finally, evaluation experiments (Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2) for confirming the effects in the configuration of the above-described embodiment (including modifications) will be described. FIG. 7 is a table showing the results of evaluation experiments in Examples and Comparative Examples. In this evaluation experiment, UV curable resin “VeroWhite RDG835” was used as a modeling material, and the modeling material was discharged from the inkjet head and smoothed with a smoothing roller having an average surface roughness of 1.2 μm on the surface. Light irradiation was performed using a high-pressure mercury lamp. Then, it roughened using the roughening member prepared previously. By repeating these operations, a modeling material layer made of modeling material was sequentially laminated, and a three-dimensional modeled object having a predetermined shape was modeled to obtain a test piece. Here, as the roughening member, four types of rollers, one type of belt, and one type of pressing plate made of SUS303 having different skewnesses by changing the shape of the cutting tool were used. And the light quantity of the high pressure mercury lamp was changed, and it modeled with each press member and the combination shown in FIG. 7, and obtained the test piece of Examples 1-9. And the ten-point average roughness of the modeling material layer surface after roughening and the breaking strength of a test piece were measured. Moreover, after obtaining a laminate having the same height as the test piece in the same procedure, the universal hardness of the modeling material layer before the roughening was measured.

  In order to measure the breaking strength of the test piece as a three-dimensional structure, in this evaluation experiment, a dumbbell-shaped test piece having the following dimensions was prepared with the tensile direction as the stacking direction. Thereafter, using “Tensilon UTM-III” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd., the produced test piece was stretched at a speed of 50 [mm / min], and the breaking strength [MPa] when the test piece was broken was measured ( ISO 527-1 (JIS K 7161)). The average of the five measured values was calculated as the value of the breaking strength. And the breaking strength of the test piece of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was evaluated by the following evaluation criteria. ◎, ○, and △ were made suitable for practical use.

(Dimension of test piece (parallel part))
Length: 80 [mm]
Width: 10 [mm]
Thickness: 1 [mm]
Grasp interval: 115 [mm]

(Break strength of test piece)
A: 30 or more O: 20 or more and less than 30 Δ: 10 or more and less than 20 ×: Less than 10

  As shown in FIG. 7, in Examples 1 to 9, the breaking strength is improved with respect to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and it is possible to prevent a decrease in strength in the stacking direction of the test piece as a three-dimensional structure. The effect of the said embodiment was able to be acquired.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 3D modeling apparatus 110 Control part 120 Head block 122 Discharge part 124 Smoothing part 126 Hardening part 128 Roughening part 128A Roughening roller 128B Belt member 128C Plate-shaped member 129 Guide guide 130 Moving mechanism 132 Main scanning direction guide 134 Sub-scanning direction guide 136 Vertical direction guide 140 Modeling stage 150 Data input unit 160 Computer device 200 Three-dimensional modeled object

Claims (11)

A three-dimensional modeling apparatus that models a three-dimensional structure by sequentially forming and stacking modeling material layers made of modeling materials on a modeling stage,
By discharging the modeling material toward the modeling stage, a discharge unit that forms the modeling material layer;
A smoothing unit that smoothes the surface of the modeling material layer formed by the discharge unit;
A curing unit that performs a curing process that promotes curing of at least the surface of the modeling material layer smoothed by the smoothing unit;
A roughened portion for roughening the surface of the modeling material layer which has been hardened by the hardening treatment of the hardened portion;
A three-dimensional modeling apparatus comprising:   The three-dimensional according to claim 1, wherein the roughened portion is roughened by pressing the surface of the modeling material layer with a pressing member having a roughened surface. Modeling equipment.   The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pressing member is a roller and scans the surface of the modeling material layer.   The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pressing member rotates in a width direction with respect to a relative movement direction of the surface of the modeling material layer with respect to the pressing member.   The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the pressing member is driven to rotate by contact with the surface of the modeling material layer.   6. The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a skewness (Rsk) of a cross-sectional curve of the pressing member is in a range of 0 <Rsk <3. The universal hardness of the surface of the modeling material layer is 5 (N / mm ² ) or more and 200 (N / mm ² ) or less before being roughened by the roughened portion. Item 7. The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 6. The modeling material is a modeling material having photocurability,
The three-dimensional modeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the curing unit is cured by irradiating the modeling material with light. A three-dimensional modeling method for modeling a three-dimensional structure by sequentially forming and stacking modeling material layers made of modeling materials,
A first step of forming the modeling material layer;
A second step of smoothing the surface of the modeling material layer formed by the first step;
A third step of performing a curing process for advancing curing of at least the surface of the modeling material layer smoothed by the second step;
A fourth step of roughening the surface of the modeling material layer hardened by the curing treatment of the third step;
A three-dimensional modeling method characterized by comprising:   The surface of the modeling material layer is roughened by pressing the pressing member having a roughened surface against the surface of the modeling material layer in the fourth step. 3D modeling method. 11. The three-dimensional modeling method according to claim 10, wherein a skewness (Rsk) of a cross-sectional curve of the pressing member is in a range of 0 <Rsk <3.

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