JP2015044680A - Granule feeding system and combustion device with granule feeding system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a granule feeding system in which: the flow state of granules in a hopper is a mass flow state where a flow toward an outlet occurs almost uniformly across the hopper.SOLUTION: A granule feeding system comprises: a first measuring unit for measuring at least one of the pressure, flow rate, and friction of granules stored in a hopper thereof; a fluidization acceleration unit for ejecting air flow into granules in the hopper to increase the fluidity of granules; and a diagnostic system for diagnosing the flow state of granules in the hopper according to a measurement signal for the pressure, flow rate, or friction of granules measured by the first measuring unit. In the diagnostic system, there is provided diagnostic means for sorting the flow state of granules in the hopper at least into a normal state and into a state other than a normal state. When a state other than a normal state is detected by the diagnostic means, a command signal is output to a control unit to regulate the flow rate of granules maneuvered by a receiving conveyor and a feeder and control the flow state of granules in the hopper so as to achieve a normal state.

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a granular material supply system using various types of granular materials, and a combustion apparatus including the granular material supply system, and in particular, the granular material inside the granular material supply system. The present invention relates to a powder supply system for diagnosing the flow state of the powder and predicting the properties of the powder at the outlet of the supply system, and a combustion apparatus equipped with this powder supply system.

  As a main application destination of the present invention related to a powder supply system and a combustion apparatus equipped with this powder supply system, different types of powder and granules such as coal and biomass fuel are stored and supplied. A boiler using solid fuel, which is a combustion apparatus equipped with a supply system of powder and a supply system of such powder, can be considered.

  In the boiler for power generation, in order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide discharged from the boiler, the use of so-called biomass, which uses plant-derived components as fuel instead of fossil fuel, such as wood and agricultural waste, is expanding.

  When biomass is used as fuel for boilers, carbon dioxide emitted by burning biomass is again absorbed by plants and is considered to not increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by circulating on the earth. For this reason, it is generally required to increase the co-firing rate of biomass as a fuel.

  In a combustion apparatus using a boiler that burns fossil fuel, a fuel in which the fossil fuel is powdered is supplied to a storage hopper (hereinafter referred to as a hopper), and the granular material is supplied from the storage hopper via a pulverizer. A common method is to supply the fossil fuel thus prepared to the burner of the boiler and burn it in the boiler.

  In the above-described method, a plurality of equipment groups including a hopper, a pulverizer, and a burner are provided, and the combustion load of the boiler is adjusted by increasing / decreasing the number of operations of these equipment groups.

  One form of utilization of biomass fuel in this combustion apparatus is a method of supplying biomass fuel to some equipment groups and supplying coal to other equipment groups.

  By adjusting the operation load of the equipment group that supplies biomass fuel by increasing or decreasing the number of equipment groups that supply biomass fuel, the biomass utilization rate (mixed combustion rate) in the combustion apparatus is adjusted.

  In this method, the biomass fuel and coal are individually supplied to the pulverizer and burner, so that the operating conditions suitable for each fuel can be given to the equipment group such as the pulverizer and burner. Examples of operating conditions include pulverization conditions given to the pulverizer and air quantity conditions to the burner.

  In the above usage mode, when the biomass fuel supplied to the combustion device is small, the combustion load of the combustion device is normally reduced by switching from biomass fuel to the use of coal in the equipment group that uses the biomass fuel. Can be maintained.

  Moreover, if the biomass fuel supplied to a combustion apparatus increases, the biomass utilization rate in a combustion apparatus can be raised by switching to use of biomass fuel from coal.

  When switching from the biomass fuel to the use of coal as the fuel supplied to the combustion device, the coal is supplied to the upper part of the biomass fuel in the hopper (powder storage unit). In addition, when switching from coal to biomass fuel, the hopper is supplied with biomass fuel above the coal.

  When the fuel discharged from the lower part of the hopper is switched from biomass fuel to coal, or from coal to biomass fuel, the pulverizer and burner on the downstream side of the hopper must be operated in accordance with the properties of the respective granular materials.

  Since preparation time is required for changing the operating conditions, it is desirable to predict the properties of the granular material discharged from the hopper in advance. Ideally, in the case of switching between biomass fuel and coal, if both are mixed, pulverization with a pulverizer is difficult, so it is ideal that the state in which both are mixed is short.

  In order to realize the ideal flow of particles within the hopper, it is desirable to form a so-called mass flow state in which the particles within the hopper flow evenly toward the discharge port of the hopper.

  In this mass flow state, the granular material in the hopper flows toward the hopper discharge port at a uniform speed, so that the granular material is discharged from the hopper discharge port in the order in which it is put into the hopper. Prediction of the properties of the powder discharged from the hopper is easy, and the state where both are mixed is also short.

  However, the powders have different fluidity depending on the particle size, specific gravity, and friction coefficient. For example, generally, coal with a high specific gravity has high fluidity and discharges quickly, and biomass fuel with a low specific gravity has low flowability and discharges slowly.

  For this reason, the solid fuel stored in the hopper is not necessarily discharged from the discharge port of the hopper in the order of storage. For example, when biomass fuel and coal are stored in order in the hopper, the coal quickly reaches the outlet, and only a part of the granular material is discharged from the hopper outlet, resulting in a granular material that is not discharged for a long time. A so-called funnel flow condition is likely to occur.

  In this funnel flow state, the particles in the hopper flow at different speeds, so it is more difficult to predict the properties of the particles discharged from the hopper discharge port than in the case of mass flow. Also long.

  Further, in the state of funnel flow, a granular material that is not discharged from the hopper is generated for a long time, and this causes sticking or alteration of the hopper, resulting in defective discharge of the hopper. In particular, it is easy to form the above-mentioned discharge failure and funnel flow state when powders having different fluidity are simultaneously present in the hopper.

  A technique is desired that forms a mass flow in the hopper and makes it easy to predict the properties of the powder discharged from the hopper. In particular, when the granular material is fixed in the hopper or funnel flow is formed, it is not easy to restore the normal mass flow state from that state.

  For this reason, the flow of the granular material in the hopper is diagnosed, and a minute abnormal state such as partial non-uniformity in the flow of the granular material before the abnormal state such as sticking or funnel flow (hereinafter, an indication) It is desired to develop a technique for detecting the state at the stage of “state” and restoring the state of normal mass flow.

  As a technique for predicting the properties of the granular material discharged from the hopper, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-272904 discloses a technique for grasping the behavior of the granular material in the hopper by numerical analysis. This technology is mainly aimed at grasping the behavior of granular materials in the blast furnace. Prediction of the behavior of granular materials in the storage section using the simulation technology of granular materials, This is to grasp the properties of the granular material.

  As a technique for avoiding sticking of powder particles and funnel flow, there is a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-165791. In this technique, gas is supplied into the hopper to improve the fluidity of the powder and facilitate the normal discharge of the powder.

  As an example of a technique for diagnosing the state of a plant, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-237893 uses a plant measurement signal database to separate normal and abnormal data of a plant into categories, A technique for diagnosing the operating state of a plant to which category a measurement signal is classified is disclosed.

  Also, in International Publication No. WO2012-073289, a plant measurement signal database is used to detect a sign state of a plant in a normal state and an abnormal state, or on the way from a normal state to an abnormal state. A technique relating to a diagnostic device is disclosed.

JP-A-9-272904 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-165791 JP 2010-237893 A International Publication WO2012-073289

  As a technique for diagnosing the state of a plant, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-237893 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the plant. However, nothing is presented about a method for detecting an abnormal state of the plant and returning the plant to a normal state when the plant is in an abnormal state.

  In the technique disclosed in International Publication WO2012-073289, the plant is classified into a normal state and a non-normal state from the measurement signal by the diagnostic device, but the plant detected by the diagnostic device is in a non-normal state. There is no suggestion about how to return to normal state.

  The purpose of the present invention is to diagnose the flow state of the granular material in the hopper, and when the flow state of the granular material is in a state other than the normal state, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper To provide a powder supply system that restores a normal state that is a so-called mass flow state in which the flow toward the discharge port is generated almost evenly, and a combustion apparatus equipped with this powder supply system It is in.

  The granular material supply system of the present invention includes a hopper for storing various types of granular material, a receiving conveyor for supplying granular material into the hopper from the upper part of the hopper, and a granular material stored in the hopper from the lower part of the hopper. A powder and granule supply system including a feeder for taking a body out of a hopper, and measuring at least one of pressure, flow velocity, and friction force of the powder and granule stored in the hopper The hopper is provided with a fluidization accelerating portion for increasing the fluidity of the granular material by jetting an air flow or vibrating the granular material stored in the hopper, and the receiving conveyor. Alternatively, in the powder supply system provided with a control unit for driving the fluidization promoting unit while adjusting the flow rate of the powder in the feeder, the pressure of the powder measured by the first measurement unit, Low flow rate or friction force And a diagnostic device for diagnosing the flow state of the granular material in the hopper based on one measurement signal, and at least the normal state and the non-normal state of the flow state of the granular material in the hopper The diagnostic device includes a diagnostic means for classifying into the following: a diagnostic signal provided from the diagnostic device to the control unit when the flow state of the granular material is diagnosed by the diagnostic device provided in the diagnostic device as a state other than normal. The flow rate of the granular material operated by the receiving conveyor and the feeder is adjusted, and the flow state of the granular material in the hopper is controlled to be in a normal state. .

  According to the present invention, when the flow state of the granular material in the hopper is diagnosed and the flow state of the granular material is in a state other than the normal state, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper Thus, a powder supply system that recovers to a normal state that is a so-called mass flow state in which the flow toward the discharge ports is generated almost uniformly, and a combustion apparatus that includes this powder supply system can be realized.

The schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the supply system of the granular material which is 1st Example of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the order of the data classification process in the classification | category part 30 installed in the learning means 22 which comprises the diagnostic apparatus 10 of the supply system of the granular material of the present Example shown in FIG. As an example for concretely explaining the outline of the data classification processing in the classification unit 30 installed in the learning means 22 constituting the diagnostic device 10 of the particulate supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing at the time of classifying data by giving input data newly to the input data. The schematic diagram which shows the flow of the granular material in the hopper of the normal state in the supply system of the granular material of 1st Example. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the pressure of the granular material in the hopper of a normal state in the powder supply system which is the 1st Example shown to FIG. 4 (A), and time. The schematic diagram which shows the flow of the granular material in the hopper of the sign state in the supply system of the granular material of 1st Example. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the pressure of the granular material in the hopper of the sign state in the supply system of the granular material which is the 1st Example shown to FIG. 5 (A), and time. The schematic diagram which shows the flow of the granular material in the hopper of the abnormal state in the supply system of the granular material of 1st Example. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the pressure of the granular material in the hopper of the abnormal state in the granular material supply system which is the 1st Example shown to FIG. 6 (A), and time. The schematic diagram explaining an example of the diagnosis classified into the several state with respect to the flow condition of the granular material in the hopper diagnosed with the diagnostic apparatus in the supply system of the granular material which is 1st Example. The schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the supply system of the granular material which is 2nd Example of this invention. The schematic diagram of the supply system of the granular material which is 3rd Example of this invention. The flowchart which shows the flow of the prediction method of the numerical analysis in the supply system of the granular material of 2nd Example of this invention shown in FIG. The schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the combustion apparatus provided with the supply system of the granular material which is 4th Example of this invention.

  A powder and granule supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a granular material supply system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the granular material supply system according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a solid fuel supply system whose downstream side is connected to a combustion device (not shown) is shown as an example. Equipment may be used.

  In the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, biomass fuel 100, coal 101 granular material, or a mixture of biomass fuel 100 and coal 101 is stored from the outside upstream. The accepting conveyor 1 that serves as a supply unit that supplies equipment, the hopper 2 that serves as a storing unit that stores the particulates transferred from the accepting conveyor 1, and the hopper 2 that stores the granules are taken out from the outside. The solid fuel of the granular material is transferred in the order of the discharge feeder 3 at the hopper exit serving as a discharge portion and the transfer conveyor 4 that transfers the granular material taken out by the discharge feeder 3 to the outside.

  The receiving conveyor 1 includes therein a weight measuring unit 5 that measures the weight of the granular material to be transferred. In the weight measuring unit 5, the weight of the granular material measured by the weight measuring unit 5 and the weight of the receiving conveyor 1 are measured. From the relationship with the moving speed, the supply amount of the granular material transferred to the hopper 2 by the receiving conveyor 1 is measured.

  Further, the transport conveyor 4 for transferring the granular material taken out from the hopper 2 to the outside by the discharge feeder 3 is provided with a second weight measuring unit 6 therein. In the weight measuring unit 6, the weight measuring unit 6 From the relationship between the measured weight of the granular material and the moving speed of the conveyor 4, the discharge amount of the granular material discharged to the outside by the conveyor 4 from the discharge feeder 3 is measured.

  The measurement of the discharge amount of the granular material discharged to the outside by the conveyor 4 can be configured so that the discharge feeder 3 has a function of measuring the discharge amount of the granular material.

  On the wall surface of the hopper 2, the biomass fuel 100 stored in the hopper 2, the powder of coal 101, or the pressure, flow velocity, or frictional force of the powder in a state where the biomass fuel 100 and coal 101 are mixed The 1st measurement part 7 which measures any one or several thing is provided.

  In the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an example in which one first measuring unit 7 is provided on the wall surface of the hopper 2 is shown. However, the first measuring unit 7 is provided as a hopper. A plurality of units may be provided on the two wall surfaces.

  When a plurality of the first measuring units 7 are provided on the wall surface of the hopper 2, it becomes easier to grasp the state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 adjacent to the first measuring unit 7.

  When the number of first measuring units 7 provided on the wall surface of the hopper 2 is small, the first measuring unit 7 is in the vicinity of the discharge feeder 3 as shown in the powder and particle supply system of this embodiment in FIG. It is better to install it on the wall surface of the hopper 2.

  In this case, for example, when the pressure fluctuation of the granular material stored in the hopper 2 is measured by the first measuring unit 7, the first measuring unit 7 is positioned more than the installation position of the first measuring unit 7 provided on the wall surface of the hopper 2. Since the pressure of the granular material in the upper part with the high height direction acts on the first measuring unit 7, it is easy to grasp the entire flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2.

  Further, on the wall surface of the hopper 2, a fluidization accelerator 8 for fluidizing the powder particles in the hopper 2 is provided. This fluidization accelerator 8 is a method for generating vibrations, or a gas layer is temporarily formed between the hopper 2 and the granular material or between the stored granular material by jetting gas into the hopper 2. By doing so, fluidization of the granular material is promoted.

  1 shows an example in which one fluidization promoter 8 is provided on the wall surface of the hopper 2, the fluidization promoter 8 is provided on the wall surface of the hopper 2. A plurality of units may be provided.

  When a plurality of fluidization promoters 8 are provided on the wall surface of the hopper 2, a plurality of locations where the fluidization of the powder particles is promoted in the hopper 2 by the installation of the plurality of fluidization promoters 8. Therefore, fluidization of the powder body becomes easy.

  In the powder and granule supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a method of generating vibration is applied as the fluidization accelerator 8, and the strength of the vibration generated in the fluidization accelerator 8 as the second measuring unit. A second measuring unit 9 that measures the above is installed on the wall surface of the hopper 2 in the vicinity of the fluidization accelerator 8.

  And when the system which ejects gas to the granular material in the hopper 2 is applied as the fluidization accelerator 8, the measurement part which measures the vibration produced by the ejection of gas and the measurement part which measures the gas ejection pressure are used. It is desirable to install the second measuring unit 9 on the wall surface of the hopper 2 as the second measuring unit.

  The position of the wall surface of the hopper 2 where the fluidization accelerator 8 is installed is such that the shape of the hopper 2 is changed from a rectangular shape to a quadrangular pyramid, as shown in the powder particle supply system of this embodiment in FIG. It is desirable to provide it in the vicinity of a portion where the cross-sectional area of the hopper 2 changes greatly and the flow of the granular material inside the hopper 2 tends to stagnate.

  In the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a diagnostic device 10 is installed, and biomass fuel 100 stored in the hopper 2, granular material of coal 101, or biomass fuel 100 and coal The measurement signal obtained by the first measurement unit 7 that measures any one or a plurality of pressures, flow velocities, or frictional forces of the powder particles in the hopper 2 in a state where 101 is mixed is the above-described measurement signal. The diagnostic apparatus 10 is input via a signal line.

  In addition, a measurement signal obtained by the second measuring unit 9 that measures the strength of vibration generated by the fluidization accelerator 8 is also input to the diagnostic device 10 via a signal line.

  The diagnostic device 10 includes a display unit 11 for displaying a result diagnosed by the diagnostic device 10 and a granular material supply system based on a classification state classified by diagnosing the flow state of the granular material by the diagnostic device 10. It connects with the control part 12 to control.

  The display unit 11 displays the result of diagnosis by the diagnostic device 10 and the operation information of the powder supply system obtained from the control unit 12 to the operator.

  In addition, the control unit 12 controls the operations of the receiving conveyor 1, the discharge feeder 3, and the transporting conveyor 4 that constitute the powder and granule supply system of the present embodiment, as well as equipment connected downstream of the transporting conveyor 4 (see FIG. It is also possible to transmit the operation status to (not shown).

  Next, the configuration and operation of the diagnostic device 10 in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment will be described. The diagnostic device 10 has an external input interface 20 for receiving measurement signals, and a measurement signal database 21 for storing measurement signals. The learning means 22 for learning the state of the flow condition of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system and constructing the diagnostic model, the diagnostic model database 23 for storing the diagnostic model, the measurement signal and the diagnostic model Are provided with a diagnostic means 24 for diagnosing the state of the powder and granule supply system and an external output interface 25 for transmitting diagnostic results to the outside.

  The external input interface 20 receives various measurement signals measured by the powder and granule supply system and takes in external input signals that are operated by an external input device 26 that is generally composed of a keyboard and a mouse.

  The measurement signal database 21 stores and accumulates various measurement signals measured by the powder and particle supply system.

  Based on the measurement signal database 21 in which past measurement signals are accumulated, the learning means 22 indicates the state of the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 in the granular material supply system, for example, the pressure amplitude (the granular material flows). Normal model, predictive model, and abnormal model are created as models that are simulated from the relationship between the frequency fluctuation (pressure fluctuation) and the frequency (frequency of pressure fluctuation at which the granular material flows).

  The diagnosis means 24 is a state of the flow condition of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system measured by the models prepared by the learning means 22 and the powder supply system of the present embodiment. The current measurement signal data of the present example is compared, and the current state of the flow condition of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system measured in the powder supply system of the present embodiment It has a classification function that determines whether a measurement signal belongs to a normal model, a predictor model, or an abnormal model, and classifies it as a normal state, a predictor state, or an abnormal state according to the model to which it belongs. is there.

  In the diagnosis by the diagnostic means 24, the current measurement signal of the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system measured by the powder supply system is a normal model, a predictive model. Or if it does not belong to any of the normal model, predictive model, and abnormal model, it is diagnosed as a new state.

  The external output interface 25 outputs the result of diagnosis by the diagnosis unit 24 to the display unit 11. In the diagnostic apparatus 10 in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, an example in which the measurement signal database 21, the learning unit 22, the diagnostic model database 23, and the diagnostic unit 24 are provided in the diagnostic apparatus 10 is shown. It is also possible to arrange a part of them outside so that only data is transmitted and received.

  Next, operation | movement of the diagnostic apparatus 10 in the supply system of the granular material of a present Example is demonstrated. The diagnostic apparatus 10 has two types, a learning mode provided with a learning means 22 and a diagnostic mode provided with a diagnostic means 24.

  Of these two modes, in the learning mode having the learning means 22, the learning means 22 is operated to construct a diagnostic model, and this diagnostic model is stored in the diagnostic model database 23.

  In the diagnosis mode including the diagnosis unit 24, the diagnosis unit 24 is operated to perform diagnosis on the current measurement signal regarding the state of the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system, and the external output interface The diagnostic result is output to the display unit 11 via 25.

  These learning mode and diagnosis mode can be arbitrarily designated from the external input device 26 to the diagnosis device 10.

  At the same time, when both the learning mode and the diagnostic mode are operated and the measurement data in the powder supply system is acquired, the diagnostic model can be updated immediately. In this case, the diagnostic model can maintain the latest state.

  On the other hand, the diagnostic model can also be updated when the granular material supply system is not used. In this case, since the diagnosis unit 24 is not operating, the calculation load of the learning unit 22 can be increased.

  The diagnostic apparatus 10 in the granular material supply system according to the present embodiment uses the learning mode and the diagnostic mode, so that the granular particles according to the present embodiment are based on past measurement signals accumulated in the measurement signal database 21. A normal model, a predictive model, and an abnormal model for diagnosing the state of flow of the granular material in the hopper 2 in the body supply system are constructed and measured by the granular material supply system of this embodiment. Whether the current measurement signal regarding the state of the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 belongs to one of a normal model, a predictive model, an abnormal model, or a new state that does not belong to any model . In other words, it is possible to detect whether the state of the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system of the present embodiment is normal or other than that.

  Next, the classification operation for classifying the state of the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system in the diagnostic device 10 in the powder supply system of the present embodiment will be described below.

  The learning means 22 provided in the diagnostic apparatus 10 includes a classification unit 30, a period determination unit 31, and a model construction unit 32.

  The classification unit 30 classifies past measurement signals about the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 in the powder supply system accumulated in the measurement signal database 21 into a group of similar data. The classification result is output to the period determining unit 31.

  The period determination unit 31 uses the past measurement signal and the classification result obtained by the classification unit 30 as the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 in the granular material supply system accumulated in the measurement signal database 21. Then, the difference in the tendency of the measurement signals is evaluated, and the data of these measurement signals is classified into one of a normal state, a predictive state, and an abnormal state.

  In the model construction unit 32, regarding the state of the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 in the granular material supply system divided by the period determining unit 31, the normal state, the predictive state, and the abnormal state are respectively normal. Create models, predictive models, and abnormal models.

  In the diagnosis apparatus 10 in the granular material supply system of this embodiment, a case where an applied resonance theory (hereinafter referred to as ART) is applied to data classification will be described. In addition, clustering methods such as vector quantization can be applied to the data classification.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the order of data classification processing in the classification unit 30 installed in the learning means 22 constituting the diagnostic apparatus 10 of the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG.

  3 is an example for specifically explaining the outline of the data classification process in the classification unit 30 installed in the learning means 22 constituting the diagnostic apparatus 10 of the supply system of the granular material of the present embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram when data is classified by newly giving input data to two types of input data.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the classification unit 30 installed in the learning means 22 constituting the diagnostic device 10 of the granular material supply system according to the present embodiment includes a preprocessing device 101 and an ART module 102.

  The preprocessing device 101 normalizes the measurement signal (measurement value) and converts it into input data of the ART module 102. Specifically, the processing of the following formulas (1) and (2) is performed.

  For example, normalized data NX (n) in the case where N is the nth measurement value X (n), and the maximum and minimum of N data are MAX_X and MIN_X, is expressed by the following equation (1). Can do.

NX (n) = α + (1−α) × (X (n) MIN_X) / (MAX_XMIN_X) (1)
Here, α is a constant of 0 ≦ α <0.5, and the data is normalized to the range of [α, 1−α] by the equation (1). Next, the complement CNX (n) of the normalized data is calculated by the following equation (2).

CNX (n) = 1−NX (n) (2)
The normalized data NX (n) and the data complement CNX (n) are input to the ART module 102.

  Next, the ART module 102 shown in FIG. 2 includes a processing hierarchy called an F0 layer 103, an F1 layer 104, and an F2 layer 105 and a selection subsystem 106, and performs the following five processes. 1) Data normalization and noise removal, 2) Selection of category candidate, 3) Judgment of validity of selected category, 4) Response when generating new category, and 5) Update of weighting factor.

  The outline of the five processes described above is shown in the following processes 1 to 5, respectively.

Process 1: Normalization of data In the F0 layer 103, normalization is performed so that the size of the input vector becomes 1. Also, noise is removed.

  FIG. 3 shows a case where two data points A and B are newly added in addition to a large number of points representing the processing results so far.

Process 2: Selection of Category Candidate In the F1 layer 104, a category candidate is selected by comparing the input data with the weight coefficient WJ. That is, a category candidate is selected as to whether the input data as the measurement signal belongs to a normal model, a predictive model, or an abnormal model.

  In FIG. 3, a large number of points indicating the processing results so far are classified into four categories A to D.

  The weighting factor WJ can be considered to correspond to the average value for each category and the applicable distance in FIG. 3 (indicated by a solid line surrounding the points in FIG. 3).

Process 3: Validity judgment of selected category The validity of the category is evaluated by comparison with the parameter ρ. If the validity of the category is determined to be valid, the input data is classified into the category, and the process proceeds to processing 5.

  On the other hand, when the validity of the category is not judged to be valid, the process returns to the process 2 and a suitable category candidate is selected from the other categories.

  The parameter ρ is referred to as a vigilance parameter. The smaller the value of ρ, the rougher the classification, and the larger the value, the finer the classification.

  In the case of FIG. 3, when the point A is selected as the category A in the process 2 and the distance La from the point A to the weighting coefficient WJ (A) is compared with the parameter ρ, La> ρ is satisfied, and the validity of the category is valid. It returns to the process 2 without determining.

  Next, when the point A is selected as the category C in the process 2 and the distance Lc from the point A to the weighting factor WJ (A) is compared with the parameter ρ, Lc ≦ ρ, and the validity of the category is determined to be appropriate. , Point A is included in category C.

Process 4: Response when generating a new category In processes 2 and 3, when all existing categories are reset, a new category is assigned to the input data. At this time, a new weighting coefficient corresponding to the new category is generated.

  In the case of the point B in FIG. 3, it does not fall within the range of all existing categories-A to D with respect to the parameter ρ. Therefore, the process 4 is applied to generate a new category E, and a weighting coefficient indicating the position of the new category and an application range (a dotted line around the point B) are generated.

Process 5: Update of weighting factor When input data is classified into category J, weighting factor WJ (new) corresponding to category J is obtained using past weighting factor WJ (old), input data P and its derived data. It is updated by the following equation (3).

WJ (new) = Kw × p + (1−Kw) × WJ (old) (3)
Here, Kw is a learning rate parameter and is a value in the range of 0 to 1.

  In the case of point A in FIG. 3, by selecting the existing category C, the average value and distance are changed by adding C in addition to the existing data. As shown in FIG. Changes from a solid line to a dotted line.

  A characteristic of data classification using the ART module in the classification unit 30 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 is that, in the process 4, a new category is generated and a corresponding new weighting coefficient is generated. In addition to being classified into categories learned in the past, there is an advantage that a new category can be generated.

  In the granular material supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the granular material measured by the granular material supply system of the present embodiment by the classification unit 30 included in the learning means 22 of the diagnostic apparatus 10. Based on the data of the current measurement signal, the state of the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 in the supply system is classified into four categories: normal state, predictive state, abnormal state, and new state.

  In the granular material supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the diagnostic unit 24 provided in the diagnostic apparatus 10 classifies the four categories classified by the classification unit 30 and stores them in the diagnostic model database 23. Compared with the measured data, the state of the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 in the granular material supply system measured by the granular material supply system of the present embodiment is diagnosed as a category other than the normal state In this case, the result of diagnosis by the diagnosis unit 24 is output to the control unit 12, and the receiving conveyor 1 serving as the supply unit and the discharge feeder 3 serving as the discharge unit from the control unit 12, and Alternatively, an operation signal is output to the fluidization accelerator 8 so that the flow rate of the granular material in the receiving conveyor 1 and the discharge feeder 3 is adjusted.

  Further, the fluidizing accelerator 8 provided in the hopper 2 is operated in order to fluidize the granular material from the control unit 12, and the strength of fluidization promotion of the granular material is changed. .

  And by the diagnostic means 24 and the control part 12 with which the diagnostic apparatus 10 of the granular material supply system which is 1st Example of this invention was equipped, in the hopper 2 measured by the granular material supply system of this Example By classifying the current measurement signals regarding the flow state of the granular material into the respective categories and identifying the predictive state, it is possible to add an operation of returning to the normal state before shifting to the abnormal state.

  That is, in the granular material supply system, when the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 changes from the normal mass flow state to the abnormal funnel flow state, first, The flow of powder becomes uneven.

  Therefore, the pressure variation or flow velocity variation in the hopper 2 when the flow of powder particles in the hopper 2 becomes non-uniform is measured by the first measuring unit 7 provided in the hopper 2, Based on the measurement signal of the granular material measured by the first measurement unit 7, the diagnosis unit 24 of the diagnosis apparatus 10 regards it as a sign state and operates the control unit 12, for example, provided in the hopper 2. By operating the fluidization accelerator 8, the non-uniform flow of the powder particles in the hopper 2 can be made uniform and returned to the normal mass flow state.

  On the other hand, in the case of the funnel flow state, which is an abnormal state where the predictor state cannot be captured, the granular material in the hopper 2 has already undergone alteration such as adhesion and compaction of the granular material. The promotion of fluidization of granules requires a large amount of energy compared to the case of the precursor state, and is not easy.

  Therefore, according to the above-described granular material supply system of the first embodiment of the present invention, the granular material in the hopper 2 measured by the first measuring unit 7 in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment. Based on the current measurement signal for the current flow state, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is diagnosed by the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 as a predictive state category or a new state category that cannot be classified. In this case, a command signal is output from the diagnostic means 24 to the control unit 12, and the receiving conveyor 1 serving as the supply unit in the powder supply system from the control unit 12 and the discharge feeder 3 at the hopper outlet serving as the discharge unit. By adjusting the flow rate of the granular material and operating the granular fluidization accelerator 8 provided in the hopper 2, the operation amount and energy can be reduced with a smaller amount of operation and energy than in the abnormal category. The flow conditions of the granular material in 2 can be returned to a normal state.

  Further, as another embodiment of the granular material supply system according to the first example of the present invention, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 measured by the granular material supply system of this example is described. When the current measurement signal is diagnosed by the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 as being in a category classification result other than the normal state, it is measured by the supply system of the granular material of this embodiment that becomes new measurement data. The current measurement signal of the granular material may be taken into the diagnostic apparatus 10 and the category classification may be performed again.

  As an example of this new measurement data, the measurement signal of the second measuring unit 9 with respect to the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 measured by the powder supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. is there.

  The second measurement unit 9 is a measurement signal obtained by the operation of the fluidization accelerator 8, and is a measurement signal obtained when the diagnosis result in the diagnostic device 10 is diagnosed other than the normal state.

  Therefore, by adding this measurement signal to the diagnostic apparatus 10 and re-categorizing the category by the diagnostic unit 24, more accurate diagnosis can be performed.

  When the diagnosis unit 24 of the diagnosis apparatus 10 determines that the diagnosis result is normal, the category classification is performed with a small number of measurement signals, so that the calculation load applied to the diagnosis apparatus 10 is reduced.

  Next, in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, the situation in which the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is different will be described with reference to the examples shown in FIGS. Here, a case will be described as an example where different types of fuel, for example, coal 101 are introduced into the upper part of the biomass fuel 100 in the hopper 2 in a state where the biomass fuel 100 is provided as a granular material in the lower part of the hopper 2.

  FIG. 4A shows the flow of the granular material in the hopper 2 in which the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is normal, and FIG. 4B shows the hopper in FIG. 4A. When the flow state of the granular material in 2 is a normal state, among the pressure, flow velocity, or frictional force of the granular material in the hopper 2 measured by the first measuring unit 7 installed in the hopper 2, For example, the pressure waveform which detected the pressure of the granular material is shown with progress of time.

  Moreover, FIG. 5 (A) shows the flow of the granular material in the hopper 2 in which the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is a precursor state, and FIG. 5 (B) is the same as FIG. Thus, when the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is in a predictive state, the pressure, flow velocity, or frictional force of the granular material in the hopper 2 measured by the first measuring unit 7 installed in the hopper 2 Among them, for example, a pressure waveform in which the pressure of the granular material is detected is shown as time passes.

  Furthermore, FIG. 6 (A) shows the flow of the granular material in the hopper 2 in which the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is in an abnormal state, and FIG. 6 (B) is the same as FIG. 6 (A). Thus, when the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is abnormal, the pressure, flow velocity, or frictional force of the granular material in the hopper 2 measured by the first measuring unit 7 installed in the hopper 2 is obtained. Among them, for example, a pressure waveform in which the pressure of the granular material is detected is shown as time passes.

  FIG. 7 shows the pressure, flow velocity, or frictional force of the granular material in the hopper 2 measured by the first measuring unit 7 installed in the hopper 2 in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment. For example, it is an example which shows the result of having extracted and classified the pressure fluctuation width and frequency from this pressure waveform in the said diagnostic waveform 10 from the pressure waveform which detected the pressure of the granular material.

  When the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is determined to be the normal state 34 by the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic device 10 in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, The granular material flows at a constant speed toward the discharge feeder 3 at the bottom of the hopper 2. This state is generally called a mass flow state.

  When the flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 is in a normal state 34, the powder particles are formed inside the hopper 2 by moving toward the discharge feeder 3 at the bottom of the hopper 2. When the gap formed becomes large to a certain extent, the powder particles in the upper part of the gap repeatedly flow into the gap, so the pressure waveform in which the pressure of the powder in the hopper 2 is detected is shown in FIG. Like the pressure waveform shown, it repeats periodic increase and decrease.

  For this reason, when the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is in the normal state 34, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 described later is the case in the abnormal state 35 (B). Compared with the pressure waveform shown in Fig. 5, the pressure fluctuation range of the pressure waveform is relatively small and the frequency is relatively high.

  When the flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 is in the abnormal state 35, the powder particles in the hopper 2 flow at different speeds in each part in the hopper 2.

  In general, the flow rate of the granular material near the wall surface in the hopper 2 is low, and sometimes the granular material does not flow in the vicinity of the wall surface in the hopper 2 and is in a state of fixing 33 fixed to the wall surface in the hopper 2.

  For this reason, as shown to FIG. 6 (A), it will be in the state of what is called a funnel flow in which the flow rate of a granular material becomes quick in the center part of the hopper 2 away from the wall surface of the hopper 2. FIG.

  In the case of the funnel flow, the flow of the powder particles in the hopper 2 is not uniform, so it is difficult to predict the properties of the powder particles discharged from the hopper 2 compared to the mass flow. Further, among the granular biomass fuel 100 previously introduced into the hopper 2 and the granular coal 101 subsequently introduced into the hopper 2, the biomass fuel 100 previously introduced by the coal 101 introduced later is Before it runs out, it arrives at the discharge feeder 3 at the lowermost part of the hopper 2, and both the biomass fuel 100 and the coal 101 are mixed and discharged from the discharge feeder 3 for a long time.

  In addition, in the funnel flow state, a granular material that is not discharged to the outside from the hopper 2 is generated for a long time, and this causes a discharge failure in which the granular material is discharged from the hopper 2 due to the fixation 33 or alteration of the granular material.

  In this funnel flow state, there is little movement of the granular material in the vicinity of the wall surface of the hopper 2, and a large movement of the granular material that collapses in accordance with the flow of the granular material in the center in the hopper 2 occurs.

  For this reason, the pressure fluctuation range of the pressure waveform which detected the pressure of the granular material in the hopper 2 measured by the 1st measurement part 7 installed in the hopper 2 is comparatively large, and a frequency becomes low.

  The flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 is the sign state 36, 37. The flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 is an intermediate process from the normal state 34 to the abnormal state 35 described above.

  When the flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 is in the predictive state 36, 37, the flowability of the powder particles is reduced in a part of the hopper 2, and the flow rate of the powder particles in the part is reduced. It becomes slower than the flow rate of the granular material in other parts.

  Therefore, if the state in which the flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 is in the predictive state 36, 37 continues, the fluidity of the surrounding powder particles deteriorates due to frictional resistance, and the powder particles in a wide range in the hopper 2 The fluidity of the body deteriorates, leading to a situation where the flow state of the granular material becomes an abnormal state 35.

  When the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is in the predictive state 36, 37, for example, the fine movement of the granular material in the case where the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is the normal state 34 There is an example in which two types of pressure waveforms are overlapped, in which large movements of powder particles in a portion with poor fluidity overlap.

  Although not shown, when the diagnostic unit 24 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 diagnoses the flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 as a new state, the diagnostic unit 24 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 has experienced so far. This is the case when it is classified as a situation that does not exist.

  In this case, since only the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 has not experienced, it can be considered that the situation belongs to any one of the normal state 34, the abnormal state 35, and the predictive state 36, 37. There is a high possibility that the state is other than 34.

  In FIG. 7, the first measurement unit installed in the hopper 2 regarding which of the normal state 34, the predictive states 36 and 37, and the abnormal state 35 the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is. Based on the pressure waveform obtained by detecting the pressure of the granular material in the hopper 2 measured in step 7, the pressure amplitude, which is the fluctuation width of the pressure waveform, is plotted on the vertical axis, and the frequency of the pressure waveform is plotted on the horizontal axis. Based on the diagnosis by the means 24, it is classified and shown whether the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 belongs to the normal state 34, the predictive state 36, 37, or the abnormal state 34.

  As shown in FIG. 7, when the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 belongs to the normal state 34, the pressure fluctuation range of the pressure waveform is relatively small and the frequency is relatively high.

  When the flow state of the powder particles in the hopper 2 belongs to the abnormal state 35, the pressure fluctuation range of the pressure waveform is relatively large and the frequency is low.

  Further, when the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 belongs to the predictive states 36 and 37, the pressure fluctuation width and frequency of the pressure waveform are intermediate between the normal state 34 and the abnormal state 35. .

  From this, the pressure, flow velocity, or frictional force of the powder in the hopper 2 measured by the first measuring unit 7 installed in the hopper 2 by the diagnostic device 10 in the powder supply system of the present embodiment. For example, in the diagnostic unit 24 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 in the granular material supply system according to the present embodiment, the diagnostic unit 24 uses the detected pressure waveform to detect the pressure of the granular material. It is possible to classify whether the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 belongs to the normal state 34, the predictive state 36, 37, or the abnormal state 34.

  In particular, in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic device 10 diagnoses and classifies the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 to classify the granular material in the hopper 2. When the flow state is diagnosed as a predictive stage or a new state that has not been experienced until now, a command signal is output from the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic device 10 to the control unit 12, and the control unit 12 The flow rate of the granular material at the receiving conveyor 1 serving as the supply unit in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment and the discharge feeder 3 at the hopper outlet serving as the discharge unit is adjusted according to the operation signal, and installed in the hopper 2. By operating the fluidization accelerator 8, the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is normal with a smaller amount of operation and energy than in the case where the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is abnormal. Can be returned to It made.

  According to the present embodiment, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper is diagnosed, and when the flow state of the granular material is in a state other than the normal state, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper It is possible to realize a powder supply system that is restored to a normal state, which is a so-called mass flow state, in which the flow toward the discharge ports is generated almost evenly, and a combustion apparatus including the powder supply system. .

  The schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the supply system of the granular material which is 2nd Example of this invention in FIG. 8 is shown. The powder and granule supply system according to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8 has the same basic configuration as the powder and granule supply system according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The description of the configuration common to both is omitted, and only the difference is described.

  In the schematic diagram of the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the diagnosis device 10 in the granular material supply system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The apparatus 10 includes a learning unit 22A and a diagnostic unit 24A, and a learning unit 22B and a diagnostic unit 24B.

  Among these, the learning means 22A and the diagnosis means 24A are the first measuring unit 7 that measures any one or a plurality of pressures, flow velocities, and frictional forces of the granular material stored in the hopper 2. By comparing and referring to the diagnostic model stored in the diagnostic model database 23 by the diagnostic means 24A on the basis of the measurement signal obtained in the above, the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is in a normal state, or It diagnoses whether the state is not normal.

  On the other hand, the learning unit 22B and the diagnosis unit 24B are configured to measure the first measurement unit 7 when the learning unit 22A and the diagnosis unit 24A diagnose that the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is not normal. Based on the measurement signal obtained by adding the measurement signal obtained by the second measurement unit 9 that measures the strength of the vibration generated by the fluidization accelerator 8 to the signal, the learning means 22B and the diagnosis means 24B cause the hopper to The category classification for the flow state of the powder within 2 is performed again.

  That is, the flow of the granular material in the hopper 2 is classified into a normal state and a non-normal state by the diagnostic means 24A of the diagnostic device 10 in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, and a non-normal state. In this case, the fluidization promoting unit 8 is operated.

  At this time, a measurement signal obtained by measuring the strength of the vibration generated by the operation of the fluidization accelerator 8 by the second measuring unit 9 is obtained.

  The measurement signal of the strength of vibration generated by the operation of the fluidization accelerator 8 measured by the second measuring unit 9 is used as the pressure, flow velocity, or friction of the granular material obtained by the first measuring unit 7. In addition to the measurement signal obtained by measuring at least one of the forces, the category classification is performed again by the learning means 22B, and the flow condition of the powder in the hopper 2 is again diagnosed by the diagnosis means 24B, and the category classification is performed. By performing, a more accurate diagnosis can be made with respect to the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2.

  Further, when the result of categorization by the diagnosis on the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 by the diagnosing means 24A of the diagnosing device 10 is normal, the category is classified with a small number of measurement signals. Less computational load is added.

  In addition, in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the case where a plurality of learning means and diagnosis means are provided is shown for explanation, but the difference is only by changing the number of measurement signals to be used. is there. Therefore, it is possible to use a single learning means and diagnostic means.

  According to the present embodiment, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper is diagnosed, and when the flow state of the granular material is in a state other than the normal state, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper It is possible to realize a powder supply system that is restored to a normal state, which is a so-called mass flow state, in which the flow toward the discharge ports is generated almost evenly, and a combustion apparatus including the powder supply system. .

  FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a granular material supply system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The powder and granule supply system according to the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 has the same basic configuration as the powder and granule supply system according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. The description of the configuration common to both is omitted, and only the difference is described.

  In the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9, a solid fuel supply system whose downstream side is connected to a combustion device (not shown) is shown as an example. I do not care.

  The granular material supply system according to the present embodiment includes a numerical calculation unit 40 for calculating the movement and distribution of the granular material in the hopper 2 and its input / output unit 39. There are at least two models, a simple model used for calculating the movement and distribution of the granular material, and a detailed model.

  In the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the numerical calculation unit 40 that exchanges data between the diagnostic device 10 and the control unit 12 via the input / output unit 39 has a simple model. A numerical calculation unit 40A and a numerical calculation unit 40B having a detailed model are provided.

  In the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is normal as a diagnosis result by the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic device 10 shown in the granular material supply system of the first embodiment. When it is determined that the state is in a state, the numerical calculation unit 40A using a simple model is used, and the type and ratio of the granular material at the outlet of the granular material supply system are calculated by the calculation of the numerical calculation unit 40A. Predict.

  On the other hand, as a result of diagnosis by the diagnosis unit 24 of the diagnosis apparatus 10, when it is determined that the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is a state other than normal, for example, an abnormal state, a numerical calculation unit 40B using a detailed model. And the type and ratio of the granular material at the outlet of the granular material supply system are predicted by the calculation of the numerical calculation unit 40B.

  FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure in the numerical calculation unit 40 in the granular material supply system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9.

  9 has two types of numerical calculation units 40A and 40B, but the calculation procedure is the same except that the calculation contents (model) used are different. The flowchart of 10 is applied to both.

  In the flowchart shown in FIG. 10, the input unit 41 is the weight of the granular material measured by the weight measuring unit 5 provided on the receiving conveyor 1 of the granular material supply system according to the present embodiment, the volume of the granular material, Based on the information such as color, the properties of the powder are determined and the result is input. Information obtained by the input unit 41 can be manually set or corrected by the external input device 26 serving as the input setting unit 42.

  Moreover, in this input part 41, if the schedule of the granular material thrown into the hopper 2 with the receiving conveyor 1 is known beforehand, the information will also be input.

  The properties of the granular material given by the input unit 41 are given to the calculation unit 45 after collating the information in the information storage unit 44 storing the calculation parameters in advance with the information collating unit 43, and the distribution of the granular material is obtained. Perform numerical simulation.

  The calculation unit 45 numerically simulates the distribution of the powder particles based on the calculation parameters, and outputs a numerical simulation result 46 that is the calculation result. After the output of the numerical simulation result 46 is corrected by the correction unit 47 described later, the display unit 11 predicts the type and ratio of the powder particles at the feeder 3 at the outlet of the supply system of the powder material supply system according to the present embodiment. Display the results.

  As an example of the calculation method of the calculation unit 45, an example of a simple method and an example of a method using a detailed model are shown below.

  In the calculation method of the calculation unit 45, as a numerical calculation using a simple model, as a simple method in the numerical calculation unit 40A having a simple model, for example, the space volume of the hopper and the input unit 41 or input setting There is a method of calculating that the hopper is divided in one dimension in the height direction and flows from the upper part to the lower part based on the input amount given by the unit 42 and the discharge speed at the discharge feeder 3.

  On the other hand, as a numerical calculation using a detailed model, as a detailed method in the numerical calculation unit 40B having a detailed model, for example, an equation of motion between particles is set up and calculated as a simultaneous equation to calculate the behavior of the particle. There is a method (particle element method) to do.

  Further, there are a Smoothed Particle element method and a powder automaton method as methods for reducing calculation time and obtaining calculation results in a practical time.

  In the smoothed particle element method, a powder element including a large number of particles of a granular material is defined, and the motion of the powder element is tracked in a Lagrangian manner.

  In this method, the motion of individual particles in different powder elements, wall surfaces, and powder elements is modeled for the defined powder elements, and the conservation equations for mass and momentum are established and calculated. In this method, since the calculation is performed in units of powder particles, the calculation time is shorter than that of the particle element method for calculating simultaneous equations of individual particles.

  Further, in the powder automaton method, the inside of the hopper 2 is divided into a lattice shape in advance, and the inflow and discharge of particles into the divided cells are determined based on the correlation with the state of the cell in contact with the target cell. is there.

  For example, in the case of movement from the cell to the lower boundary cell, there is no granular material in the downward cell, the frictional force with the granular material or wall surface of the surrounding cells, or the gravity of the granular material itself. Judgment. The movement of the granular material is calculated by sequentially determining each cell.

  In this method, since the movement can be calculated only in relation to the surrounding cells, the calculation time is shorter than that of the particle element method for calculating simultaneous equations.

  Next, the role of correction by the correction unit 47 will be described.

  Usually, if a detailed model is used, it is considered that the correction unit 47 does not need to perform correction. However, in numerical calculation, the accuracy depends on input data. For this reason, it is more accurate to check the actual measurement value with the correction unit 47 and correct the calculation result.

  For example, in the numerical calculation using the detailed model shown above, calculation parameters represented by the specific gravity of the powder and its aggregate, the frictional force coefficient with the particle and the wall surface, the particle diameter and porosity at the time of charging are required. It is. This calculation parameter is used by storing the representative value or its distribution in the information storage unit 44, but it is difficult to represent the actual properties of the granular material, and this is the result of numerical calculation using a detailed model. This is one factor that causes an error.

  For this reason, the intensity | strength of the vibration which generate | occur | produced in the 1st measurement part 7 and the fluidization promoter 8 which measure any one of the pressure of a granular material, a flow velocity, or a frictional force, or several things is used. Based on the measured value measured by the second measuring unit 9 to be measured, it is desirable to reduce an error between the numerical calculation and the actual behavior of the powder and to enable practical prediction.

  As an example of the measured value, there is a method of detecting a wall surface pressure and its fluctuation caused by the weight or movement of the granular material with a pressure sensor or a strain gauge. As a method for detecting the flow direction and frictional force of the granular material, there is a method for detecting a tensile force between a plate along the wall surface and the wall surface with a strain gauge.

  In any case, it is desirable to install the first measurement unit 7 and the second measurement unit 9 along the wall surface of the hopper 2, and the first measurement unit 7 and the second measurement in the granular material of the hopper 2. In the case where the part 9 is protruded and installed, it is desirable to shorten the protrusion length in consideration of wear, or to configure the first measuring part 7 and the second measuring part 9 with wear-resistant materials.

  In addition, when the first measurement unit 7 and the second measurement unit 9 are protruded into the granular material of the hopper 2, there is a surface that promotes the fixation of the granular material, so the first measurement unit 7 and the second measurement unit 9 It is desirable to take measures such as periodically applying vibration to the measuring unit 9.

  In the above configuration, the feature of the supply system of the granular material according to the second embodiment is that the numerical calculation unit 40 corresponds to the diagnosis result by the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic device 10 with respect to the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2. The model used for the numerical calculation is switched between a simple model and a detailed model.

  For example, when it is determined from the diagnosis result by the diagnostic device 10 that the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is normal, the numerical calculation unit 40A using a simple model is used to Predict the type and ratio of powder at the outlet of the supply system.

  On the other hand, when it is determined by the diagnosis result by the diagnosis unit 24 of the diagnosis apparatus 10 that the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is a state other than normal, for example, an abnormal state, the numerical calculation unit 40B using a detailed model is used. Use to predict the type and ratio of powder at the outlet of the powder supply system.

  When it is diagnosed by the diagnosis result by the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic apparatus 10 that the flow state of the powder in the hopper 2 is classified as a normal state, the flow toward the discharge port is generally uniform throughout the hopper 2. This is a so-called mass flow state. In this case, a simple model that represents the flow in the hopper 2 in one dimension in the height direction can also be used.

  By using the numerical calculation unit 40A using a simple model as a model used for the numerical calculation of the numerical calculation unit 40 that predicts the type and ratio of the granular material at the outlet of the powder supply system, the numerical calculation unit 40 It is possible to reduce the load of numerical calculation and the measurement load required for correction of numerical analysis in the above measurement.

  On the other hand, when the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is classified as an abnormal state as a result of diagnosis by the diagnostic means 24 of the diagnostic device 10, in general, the granular material is discharged only in a part of the hopper 2. It is a state of funnel flow that can flow toward

  In this case, it is necessary to grasp the movement of the granular material such as fixation and consolidation, and a detailed model representing the movement of the three-dimensional granular material is required as a model used for the numerical calculation of the numerical calculation unit 40.

  When the flow state of the granular material in the hopper 2 is classified into one of a predictive state, a new state, and an abnormal state as a result of diagnosis by the diagnosis unit 24 of the diagnosis device 10, the numerical calculation unit 40 performs numerical calculation. By using the numerical calculation unit 40B using a detailed model as a model to be used, numerical analysis of the flow of the granular material is performed, so that the properties of the granular material at the outlet of the hopper 2 (powder storage unit) are detailed. Predictable.

  And based on the detailed prediction result of the property of the granular material, the granular material in the receiving conveyor 1 which becomes a supply part of the supply system of the granular material of a present Example, and the discharge feeder 3 of the hopper exit used as a discharge part By adjusting the flow rate of the body or by operating the fluidization accelerator 8 of the powder provided in the hopper 2, the powder in the hopper 2 can be operated with less operation amount and energy than in the case of the abnormal category. The body's fluidity can be returned to normal.

  According to the present embodiment, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper is diagnosed, and when the flow state of the granular material is in a state other than the normal state, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper It is possible to realize a powder supply system that is restored to a normal state, which is a so-called mass flow state, in which the flow toward the discharge ports is generated almost evenly, and a combustion apparatus including the powder supply system. .

  FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combustion apparatus equipped with a granular material supply system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the combustion apparatus having the granular material supply system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 11, the granular material supply system is the granular material supply according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. Since the basic configuration is the same as that of the system, the description of the configuration common to both is omitted, and only different portions will be described.

  In the furnace of the combustion apparatus provided with the granular material supply system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 11, the combustion apparatus provided with the granular material supply system in this embodiment is In addition to the supply system, the following configuration is further provided.

  That is, in the combustion apparatus provided with the powder and granule supply system according to the present embodiment, the powder (biomass fuel 100, coal 101, and a mixture of both) is fuel that is supplied from the hopper 2 to the furnace 50 of the combustion apparatus. ) Is introduced from the conveyor 4 into the pulverizer 51 and pulverized, and then is jetted into the furnace 50 through the burner 52 and combusted.

  In the furnace 50, combustion air is introduced into the furnace 50 from a burner 52 provided in the furnace 50 and an air inlet 53 provided on the upper part thereof together with powder particles as fuel.

  The control part 12 with which the granular material supply system in the combustion apparatus of a present Example was equipped is the numerical value provided in the diagnostic apparatus 10 in the granular material supply system which is 3rd Example shown in FIG.9 and FIG.10. By calculating in the same manner as the calculation unit 40 and predicting the type and ratio of the granular material at the outlet in the granular material supply system by numerical simulation and correction thereof, the control unit 12 pulverizer 51 and blower 54. A command signal is output to the controller 55 for operating each of the operation of the pulverizer to adjust the operation state of the pulverizer 51 and the blower 54, and the pulverization pressure in the pulverizer 51 installed downstream of the hopper 2 serving as a storage unit. The pulverization conditions such as pulverization speed, classifier rotation speed, amount of introduced air, and temperature can be changed.

  For example, with respect to the pulverizer 51, when different types of granular materials, for example, biomass fuel 100 and coal 101 are mixed, if the pulverizing conditions are in accordance with the properties of either biomass fuel 100 or coal 101, There is an increased possibility of abnormal vibrations due to body slipping and biting, excessive pulverization load, and excessive pulverization load.

  In the combustion apparatus equipped with the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, by predicting the type and ratio of the granular material at the outlet in the granular material supply system by numerical simulation and correction as described above, Before the powder of biomass fuel 100, coal 101, or the powder of mixed state of biomass fuel 100 and coal 101 enters the grinder 51, the change in its properties is predicted in advance, and the powder Appropriate grinding conditions can be indicated to the controller 55. For this reason, the pulverization conditions of the pulverizer 51 can be adjusted to suppress the fluctuation of the pulverization power accompanying the change in the fuel properties and the change in the combustion state associated therewith, thereby suppressing the decrease in the economic efficiency of the combustion apparatus.

  Moreover, in the combustion apparatus equipped with the granular material supply system of the present embodiment, as described above, the type and ratio of the granular material at the outlet in the granular material supply system is predicted by numerical simulation and correction thereof. Thus, before the biomass fuel 100, the powder of coal 101, or the powder of the mixed state of the biomass fuel 100 and the coal 101 enters the furnace 50, the change in its properties is predicted in advance, and the It is possible to instruct the controller 55 of the combustion conditions suitable for the granular material to enter.

  For this reason, the air quantity conditions of the burner 52 and the air inlet 53 can be adjusted, the fluctuation | variation of the combustion state accompanying the fluctuation | variation of a fuel property can be suppressed, and the economical fall of a combustion apparatus can be suppressed.

  As an example of the variation of the combustion state and the effect of the application of this embodiment, for example, by changing the amount of air supplied to the burner 52 installed in the furnace 50 of the combustion apparatus, the flame holding state of the burner 52 is optimized and stabilized. To get a flame.

  In addition, when the pulverization conditions are lowered and the combustion state is expected to be lowered, if an auxiliary combustion device such as oil is installed in the furnace 50 in advance and burned, the powder according to the present embodiment A combustion apparatus equipped with a body supply system can be operated stably.

  According to the present embodiment, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper is diagnosed, and when the flow state of the granular material is in a state other than the normal state, the flow state of the granular material in the hopper It is possible to realize a powder supply system that is restored to a normal state, which is a so-called mass flow state, in which the flow toward the discharge ports is generated almost evenly, and a combustion apparatus including the powder supply system. .

  1: receiving conveyor, 2: hopper, 3: discharging feeder, 4: transport conveyor, 5: weight measuring unit, 6: second weight measuring unit, 7: first measuring unit, 8: fluidization accelerator, 9 : Second measuring unit, 10: control device, 11: display unit, 12: control unit, 20: external input interface, 21: measurement signal database, 22: learning means, 23: diagnostic model database, 24: diagnostic means, 25: external output interface, 26: external input device, 30: classification unit, 31: period determining unit, 32: model building unit, 33: fixing, 39: input / output unit, 40: numerical value calculating unit, 40A: numerical value calculating unit 40B: Numerical calculation unit, 50: Furnace, 51: Crusher, 52: Burner, 53: Air inlet, 54: Blower, 55: Controller, 100: Biomass fuel, 101: Coal.

Claims (8)

A hopper for storing various kinds of powder, a receiving conveyor for supplying the powder into the hopper from the upper part of the hopper, and a feeder for taking out the powder stored in the hopper from the lower part of the hopper to the outside of the hopper A powder and granule supply system,
A first measurement unit that measures at least one of the pressure, flow rate, or frictional force of the granular material stored in the hopper is provided in the hopper,
The hopper is provided with a fluidization accelerating portion that jets an air flow to the granular material stored in the hopper or imparts vibration to increase the fluidity of the granular material,
While adjusting the flow rate of the granular material in the receiving conveyor or feeder, in the granular material supply system provided with a control unit for driving the fluidization promoting unit,
In addition to providing a diagnostic device for diagnosing the flow state of the granular material in the hopper based on at least one measurement signal of the pressure, flow velocity, or frictional force of the granular material measured by the first measurement unit, The diagnostic apparatus comprises a diagnostic means for classifying the state of the flow state of the granular material into at least a normal state and a state other than normal,
When the flow of the granular material is diagnosed as a state other than normal by the diagnostic unit provided in the diagnostic device, the diagnostic unit outputs a command signal to the control unit and is operated by the receiving conveyor and the feeder. The granular material supply system is configured to control the flow state of the granular material in the hopper so as to be in a normal state by adjusting the flow rate of the granular material. In the granular material supply system according to claim 1,
When the state corresponding to the flow state of the granular material is diagnosed as a state other than normal by the diagnostic means provided in the diagnostic device, the state other than normal is changed into a precursor state, an abnormal state, or a new state. According to the classified predictive state, abnormal state, or new state, a command signal is output from the diagnostic means to the control unit, and the control unit operates the receiving conveyor and the feeder. A powder characterized by adjusting the flow rate of the body and adjusting the strength of the promotion by the fluidization promoting part to control the flow state of the powder in the hopper so as to be in a normal state. Granule supply system. In the supply system of the granular material according to claim 1 or 2,
A second measuring device for measuring the jet pressure of the gas generated by the fluidization accelerator or the intensity of vibration is provided in the hopper;
The pressure and flow velocity of the granular material measured by the first measurement unit when the flow of the granular material in the hopper is diagnosed to be other than normal by the diagnostic means provided in the diagnostic device. Or in addition to the measurement signal obtained by measuring at least one of the frictional forces, based on the measurement signal of the second measuring instrument which measures the jet pressure of the gas generated by the fluidization accelerator or the strength of vibration. The powder supply system is characterized in that the diagnosis unit again diagnoses the flow state of the powder in the hopper and classifies the state corresponding to the flow state of the powder in the hopper. In the supply system of the granular material according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The diagnostic device is provided with a numerical calculation unit for calculating the movement of the granular material in the hopper and the distribution of the granular material,
The numerical calculation unit is composed of a plurality of numerical calculation units having a simple model and a detailed model, and a numerical calculation unit having a simple model and a detailed model according to the classification result classified by the classification unit A granular material supply system characterized in that it is used separately. In the supply system of the granular material according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A supply system for a granular material, wherein a method of generating vibration is applied as the fluidization promoting unit, and a measuring instrument that measures vibration strength is used as the second measuring unit. In the supply system of the granular material according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Applying a method of jetting gas into a hopper as the fluidization promoting part, and using a measuring device for measuring the gas ejection pressure of the fluidization promoting part as the second measuring part. Body feeding system.   It is a combustion apparatus provided with the supply system of the granular material of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 6, Comprising: The supply system of the said granular material is a storage part of the granular material which stores a granular material. In the downstream, a pulverizer, a powder conveyance pipe for air-conveying the pulverized powder particles downstream of the pulverizer, a burner connected to the powder conveyance pipe and ejecting the powder particles in the furnace, and in the furnace space Combustion device consisting of installed heat transfer tubes, based on the type and ratio of powder and particles calculated by the calculation unit, crushing pressure of crusher, crushing speed, classifier rotation speed, amount of introduced air, temperature A combustion apparatus equipped with a granular material supply system, characterized by having a control unit that changes the temperature.   It is a combustion apparatus provided with the supply system of the granular material of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 6, Comprising: The supply system of the said granular material is a storage part of the granular material which stores a granular material. In the downstream, a pulverizer, a powder conveyance pipe for air-conveying the pulverized powder particles downstream of the pulverizer, a burner connected to the powder conveyance pipe and ejecting the powder particles in the furnace, and in the furnace space A combustion apparatus comprising an installed heat transfer tube, comprising a control unit that changes the amount of air supplied to the burner based on the type and ratio of the granular material calculated by the calculation unit. Combustion device with a supply system.

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