JP2014210925A - Mixed emulsion composition - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】燃料、防黴剤、潤滑油等の異なる油性成分を混合させても分離、反応することがなく、経時的に安定なエマルション組成物を提供する。【解決手段】自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成されて油性基材表面に付着する閉鎖小胞体、又は、単粒子化された糖ポリマーを主成分とする乳化分散剤により燃料（又は防黴剤、又は潤滑油）を乳化した複数種類のエマルション組成物を互いに混合することで形成する複数の被乳化油性成分を混合させた経時的に安定な混合エマルション組成物。【選択図】なしThe present invention provides an emulsion composition that does not separate and react even when different oily components such as fuels, fungicides, and lubricating oils are mixed and is stable over time. SOLUTION: A closed vesicle formed by an amphiphile that spontaneously forms a closed vesicle and adheres to the surface of an oily base material, or an emulsifying dispersant mainly composed of a monoparticulate sugar polymer. A mixed emulsion composition that is stable over time in which a plurality of emulsion-based components formed by mixing a plurality of emulsion compositions emulsified with fuel (or an antifungal agent or a lubricating oil) are mixed with each other. [Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、複数種類のエマルション組成物を互いに混合して形成される混合エマルション組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a mixed emulsion composition formed by mixing a plurality of types of emulsion compositions with each other.
従来、機能性油性基剤を水に乳化分散させる場合には、機能性油性基剤の所要ＨＬＢや顆粒表面の性質に応じて界面活性剤を選択し、乳化分散 を行うようにしていた。また、乳化剤として用いられる界面活性剤の所要ＨＬＢ値は、Ｏ／Ｗ型エマルションを作る場合とＷ／Ｏ型エマルションを作る場合とのそれぞれに応じて使い分ける必要があり、しかも、熱安定性や経時安定性が十分でないため、多種多様な界面活性剤を混合して用いていた。 Conventionally, when emulsifying and dispersing a functional oil base in water, a surfactant is selected according to the required HLB of the functional oil base and the properties of the granule surface to carry out emulsification dispersion. In addition, the required HLB value of the surfactant used as an emulsifier needs to be properly used depending on whether an O / W type emulsion is made or a W / O type emulsion, and further, thermal stability and aging Since the stability is not sufficient, a wide variety of surfactants were mixed and used.
しかしながら、従来の界面活性剤を用いた乳化法では、油と水との界面に界面活性剤が吸着し、その界面エネルギーを低下させることを乳化・分散法の基本としていたので、その界面張力を低下させるために多量の乳化分散剤を必要とするものであり、また、最適な乳化剤を選択するために非常に煩雑かつ多大な労力を有し、まして、多種類の油が混在していると、安定に乳化させることは殆ど不可能であった。 However, in the conventional emulsification method using a surfactant, the surfactant is adsorbed on the interface between oil and water, and the basic energy of the emulsification / dispersion method is to reduce the interfacial energy. It requires a large amount of an emulsifying dispersant to reduce, and has a very troublesome and enormous effort to select an optimal emulsifier. It was almost impossible to stably emulsify.
そこで、本発明者らは、油/両親媒性化合物/水系の中で独立相として存在する両親媒性化合物のナノ粒子をファンデルワールス力により燃料油に付着させることで乳化を行なう技術、即ち、油や水の粒子に対して乳化分散剤相のナノ粒子を付着させ、これにより、水相―乳化分散剤相―油相の三相構造を形成し、従来の界面活性剤とは異なり、相溶性による油水界面の界面エネルギーを低下させることなく、熱衝突による合一を起こりにくくして乳化物の長期安定化を図るようにした新規な乳化技術（以下、三相乳化法という）について先に提案している（下記特許文献１，２参照）。 Therefore, the present inventors have carried out a technique for emulsifying by adhering nanoparticles of an amphiphilic compound existing as an independent phase in an oil / amphiphile / water system to fuel oil by van der Waals force, that is, , By attaching nanoparticles of emulsifying dispersant phase to oil and water particles, thereby forming a three-phase structure of water phase-emulsifying dispersant phase-oil phase, unlike conventional surfactants, A new emulsification technology (hereinafter referred to as the three-phase emulsification method) that makes it possible to stabilize the emulsion for a long time without causing coalescence due to thermal collision without reducing the interfacial energy at the oil-water interface due to compatibility. (Refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2 below).
ところで、格別な効果を得るためや政策的基準を満たす必要等のために、異なる油性成分同士を混合させて用いる要請がでてくるが、異なる油性成分を混合させようとしても、混合せずに分離したり、混合させると反応を起こしたりする等の不都合を生じる場合が多い。 By the way, in order to obtain special effects or to meet policy standards, there is a request to use different oil components mixed together, but even if different oil components are mixed, they are not mixed. In many cases, inconveniences such as separation or mixing cause reaction.
例えば、植物性油や廃食油などから得られる脂肪酸エステルは、ディーゼルエンジンにそのまま燃料（バイオディーゼル燃料（ＢＤＦ：Bio Diesel Fuel））として利用することができ、また、京都議定書で義務づけられた炭酸ガスの排出量抑制に役立つことから、軽油に混合させて利用することが検討されているが、廃食油（例えば、テンプラ油）は、軽油に比べて炭素鎖が長いために切れにくく、また、燃えにくいことが知られている。このため、軽油にテンプラ油を混ぜると、排出ガス中のすす、ＣＯ、ＨＣなどの未燃物が増大する不都合が懸念される。しかも、バイオディーゼル燃料は、植物性油や廃食油などの油脂を、アルカリ触媒（水酸化カリウム等）の存在下でアルコール（メタノール等）と反応させてエステル化することで生成されるので、エステル化する過程でエネルギーを要し、京都議定書で義務づけられた炭酸ガスの排出量を抑制しにくい。 For example, fatty acid esters obtained from vegetable oils, waste cooking oils, etc. can be directly used as fuel (biodiesel fuel (BDF)) for diesel engines, and carbon dioxide as required by the Kyoto Protocol. However, waste cooking oil (for example, tempura oil) is difficult to cut because it has a longer carbon chain than light oil, and it is also difficult to burn. It is known to be difficult. For this reason, when tempura oil is mixed with light oil, there is a concern that unburned substances such as soot, CO, and HC in the exhaust gas increase. In addition, biodiesel fuel is produced by esterifying fats and oils such as vegetable oil and waste edible oil with alcohol (such as methanol) in the presence of an alkali catalyst (such as potassium hydroxide). Energy is required in the process of conversion, and it is difficult to control the carbon dioxide emissions required by the Kyoto Protocol.
また、防黴剤の例を挙げると、防黴剤はその効能により抑制できる菌種が異なるが、防黴剤を必要とする場面では複数の菌種が存在することが多く，異種の防黴剤を混合した製剤があれば一つの薬剤で防黴性能が得られる。しかし，防黴剤は有機溶媒に可溶性で，それぞれ溶解できる溶媒が異なることから、溶媒に溶かした薬剤同士の混合は困難である。 As examples of antifungal agents, the antifungal agents differ in the types of fungi that can be suppressed depending on their efficacy, but there are often multiple types of fungi in situations where antifungal agents are required. If there is a preparation mixed with an agent, the antifungal performance can be obtained with one agent. However, since antifungal agents are soluble in organic solvents, and different solvents can be dissolved, it is difficult to mix agents dissolved in solvents.
さらに、潤滑剤の例を挙げると、潤滑性能は潤滑油の種類と対象物で選択され，石油系の潤滑油，シリコーン油，フッ素系油剤などが用いられるが、シリコーン油とフッ素系油剤は炭化水素系油よりも耐熱性，絶縁性に優れており、通常の炭化水素系の潤滑油にシリコーン油またはフッ素油を混合することにより潤滑性の向上と共に耐熱性を向上させることが可能となる。しかしながら、炭化水素系の潤滑油とシリコン系の潤滑油とは、そのままでは混合させることができない。このため、仮に両潤滑油を混合させることができれば、高熱下における潤滑，摩耗防止が可能となり、また、シリコーン油やフッ素油単独では届かない細部まで油剤を浸透させることが可能となり、潤滑性能を向上させることが可能となる。 Furthermore, as examples of lubricants, the lubrication performance is selected according to the type and object of the lubricant, and petroleum-based lubricants, silicone oils, fluorine-based oils, etc. are used. Silicone oils and fluorine-based oils are carbonized. It has better heat resistance and insulation than hydrogen-based oils, and by mixing silicone oil or fluorine oil with normal hydrocarbon-based lubricating oils, it becomes possible to improve lubricity and heat resistance. However, hydrocarbon-based lubricants and silicon-based lubricants cannot be mixed as they are. For this reason, if both lubricating oils can be mixed, it is possible to prevent lubrication and wear under high heat, and it is possible to infiltrate the oil to details that cannot be reached with silicone oil or fluorine oil alone, thereby improving the lubrication performance. It becomes possible to improve.
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、異なる油性成分（燃料、防黴剤、潤滑油）を混合させても分離、反応することがなく、経時安定的に混合させることが可能な混合エマルション組成物を提供することを主たる課題としている。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and even when different oil components (fuel, antifungal agent, lubricating oil) are mixed, they do not separate and react and can be mixed stably over time. The main object is to provide a simple mixed emulsion composition.
本発明者らは、上述した三相乳化法で得られたエマルションについて、その利用可能性について鋭意研究を重ねた結果、異なる油性成分が互いに影響することなく混合できるのであれば、それらの油性成分を予め混合した後に前記三相乳化法によりエマルションを形成すれば安定したエマルションを得ることが可能となるが、異なる油性成分が互いに混合できない場合や、混合しても一部の油性成分に影響を与えるような場合には、前記三相乳化法によりそれぞれの油性成分を個別に乳化し、その後にそれらのエマルション組成物を混合させれば、個々の油性成分が他に影響を与えることなく均一かつ安定に混合できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies on the availability of the emulsion obtained by the above-described three-phase emulsification method, if the different oily components can be mixed without affecting each other, those oily components It is possible to obtain a stable emulsion by forming an emulsion by the three-phase emulsification method after premixing, but when different oily components cannot be mixed with each other, even if mixed, some oily components are affected. In such a case, if each oil component is individually emulsified by the three-phase emulsification method and then the emulsion composition is mixed, the individual oil components are uniform and have no influence on others. The present inventors have found that they can be mixed stably and have completed the present invention.
即ち、本発明に係る混合エマルション組成物は、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成されて油性基材表面に付着する閉鎖小胞体、又は、単粒子化された糖ポリマーを主成分とする乳化分散剤により燃料、防黴剤、潤滑油などの被乳化油性成分を乳化した複数種類のエマルション組成物を互いに混合して形成されることを特徴としている。 That is, the mixed emulsion composition according to the present invention comprises a closed vesicle that is formed by an amphiphilic substance that spontaneously forms a closed vesicle and adheres to the surface of an oily substrate, or a monoparticulate sugar polymer. It is characterized in that it is formed by mixing together a plurality of types of emulsion compositions obtained by emulsifying emulsified oil-based components such as fuels, antifungal agents, and lubricating oils with an emulsifying dispersant as a main component.
例えば、混合エマルション組成物が２種類のエマルションを混合して形成される場合であれば、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成されて油性基材表面に付着する閉鎖小胞体、又は、単粒子化された糖ポリマーを主成分とする第１の乳化分散剤により第１の燃料（又は第１の防黴剤、又は第１の潤滑油）を乳化した第１のエマルション組成物と、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成されて油性基材表面に付着する閉鎖小胞体、又は、単粒子化された糖ポリマーを主成分とする乳化分散剤により第２の燃料（又は第２の防黴剤、又は第２の潤滑油）を乳化した第２のエマルション組成物とを互いに混合して形成される。 For example, if the mixed emulsion composition is formed by mixing two types of emulsions, the closed vesicle formed by an amphiphile that spontaneously forms a closed vesicle and adheres to the surface of the oily substrate. Or the 1st emulsion composition which emulsified the 1st fuel (or the 1st antifungal agent, or the 1st lubricating oil) with the 1st emulsification dispersing agent which has the sugar polymer made into single particles as the main ingredients. And an emulsifying dispersant mainly composed of a closed vesicle that is formed by an amphipathic substance that spontaneously forms a closed vesicle and adheres to the surface of the oily substrate, or a monoparticulate sugar polymer. It is formed by mixing with each other a second emulsion composition obtained by emulsifying two fuels (or a second antifungal agent or a second lubricating oil).
ここで、前述した三相乳化法を利用して異なる油性成分を混合する場合においては、異なる油性成分を混合させた後に上述した三相乳化法を用いて乳化するのではなく、それぞれの油性成分を上述した三相乳化法を用いて予め乳化しておき、それぞれのエマルション組成物を混合させることに特徴がある。 Here, in the case of mixing different oil components using the above-described three-phase emulsification method, each oil component is not emulsified using the above-described three-phase emulsification method after mixing different oil components. Is characterized by pre-emulsifying using the three-phase emulsification method described above and mixing the respective emulsion compositions.
安定に混合されない異なる油性成分を機械力を利用して混ぜ合わせ、その状態で三相乳化法によりエマルションを形成することも考えられるが、このような工程を経たエマルションは、経時安定性に欠け、分離する等の不具合を生じることが確認されている。
これに対して、それぞれの油性成分のエマルションを一旦形成し、それぞれのエマルションを混合させて混合エマルション組成物を形成すれば、それぞれの油性成分を乳化した場合の特性を保持しつつ異なる油性成分同士を安定に混合させることが可能となる。
It is conceivable that different oily components that are not stably mixed are mixed using mechanical force, and an emulsion is formed in that state by a three-phase emulsification method. However, an emulsion that has undergone such a process lacks stability over time, It has been confirmed that problems such as separation occur.
On the other hand, once an emulsion of each oil component is formed, and each emulsion is mixed to form a mixed emulsion composition, different oil components are retained while maintaining the properties when each oil component is emulsified. Can be mixed stably.
ここで、前記両親媒性物質としては、下記の一般式（化１）で表されるポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油の誘導体のうちエチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数（Ｅ）が５〜１００である誘導体が利用可能である。
また、前記糖ポリマーは、アルカリゲネス産生多糖類、ローキアストビーンガム、カラギーナン、キサンタンガム、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、片栗粉，カルボキシメチルセルロース，カチオン化セルロースよりなる群から選ばれた１又は２以上のものが利用可能である。 In addition, the sugar polymer may be one or more selected from the group consisting of alkaligenes-producing polysaccharides, roachast bean gum, carrageenan, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, potato starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and cationized cellulose. .
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、自発的に閉鎖小胞体を形成する両親媒性物質により形成されて油性基材表面に付着する閉鎖小胞体、又は、単粒子化された糖ポリマーを主成分とする乳化分散剤により燃料（または防黴剤、または潤滑油）を乳化した複数種類のエマルション組成物を互いに混合して混合エマルション組成物を形成するようにしたので、異なる油性成分を分離、反応させずに均一且つ安定に混合させることが可能となる。 As described above, according to the present invention, a closed endoplasmic reticulum that is formed by an amphiphilic substance that spontaneously forms a closed endoplasmic reticulum and adheres to the surface of an oily substrate, or a sugar polymer that has been made into a single particle. Multiple emulsion compositions emulsified with fuel (or antifungal agent or lubricating oil) with emulsifying dispersant as the main component are mixed with each other to form a mixed emulsion composition. It becomes possible to mix uniformly and stably without reacting.
用途別には次のような効果が得られる。
即ち、燃料として利用可能な混合エマルションにおいては、軽油に植物油や廃食油を混合させて用いる場合に、植物油や廃食油をエステル化せずに三相乳化法によりエマルションを形成し、これを同方法により乳化した軽油エマルションと混合させることで、燃焼後の排出ガス中のすす、ＣＯ、ＨＣなどの未燃物が大幅に低減され、また、植物油や廃食油をエステル化する工程が不要となるので、炭酸ガスの排出量を抑制することができる。
The following effects can be obtained for each application.
That is, in mixed emulsions that can be used as fuel, when using vegetable oil or waste cooking oil mixed with light oil, an emulsion is formed by the three-phase emulsification method without esterifying vegetable oil or waste cooking oil. By mixing with the light oil emulsion emulsified by the above, soot, CO, HC, etc. in the exhaust gas after combustion is greatly reduced, and the process of esterifying vegetable oil and waste cooking oil becomes unnecessary. The amount of carbon dioxide emission can be suppressed.
また、防黴剤として利用可能な混合エマルションにおいては、複数の菌種に対応するために異種の防黴剤を混合させる場合に、それぞれの防黴剤のエマルションを形成して混合させることで、有機溶媒に溶かした薬剤同士の混合を任意の割合に調整することが可能となる。 In addition, in the mixed emulsion that can be used as an antifungal agent, when different types of antifungal agents are mixed in order to cope with a plurality of bacterial species, by forming and mixing the emulsion of each antifungal agent, It becomes possible to adjust the mixing of the chemicals dissolved in the organic solvent to an arbitrary ratio.
潤滑剤として利用可能な混合エマルションにおいては、石油系の潤滑油と、シリコーン油又はフッ素系油剤とを混合させて用いる場合に、それぞれの潤滑剤のエマルションを形成して混合させることで、潤滑性の向上と共に耐熱性を向上させることが可能となる。 In mixed emulsions that can be used as lubricants, when using a mixture of petroleum-based lubricants and silicone oils or fluorine-based lubricants, by forming and mixing emulsions of the respective lubricants, lubricity It becomes possible to improve heat resistance with improvement.
また、いずれの場合も、三相乳化法で形成された異なるエマルションを、任意の割合で混ぜ合わせることが可能になるので、用途に応じて混合割合を調整することが可能になる。さらに、三相乳化法で形成されたエマルションを混合させて形成される混合エマルションは、異なる２種類のエマルションだけでなく、３種類以上のエマルションを混合させる場合にも有用である。 In any case, since different emulsions formed by the three-phase emulsification method can be mixed at an arbitrary ratio, the mixing ratio can be adjusted according to the application. Furthermore, the mixed emulsion formed by mixing emulsions formed by the three-phase emulsification method is useful not only when two different types of emulsions but also when three or more types of emulsions are mixed.
以下、本発明の実施形態を図面を参照しながら説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
本発明に係る混合エマルション組成物は、予め個々の油性成分を、特許３８５５２０３号、特許３８５８２３０号に示される三相乳化法を用いて個別に乳化しておき、それぞれのエマルション組成物を混合して作成するものである。 In the mixed emulsion composition according to the present invention, individual oil components are previously emulsified individually using the three-phase emulsification method shown in Patent Nos. 3855203 and 3858230, and the respective emulsion compositions are mixed. To create.
ここで、三相乳化法に用いる乳化分散剤は、油や水の粒子に対して乳化分散剤相のナノ粒子を付着させ、これにより、水相―乳化分散剤相―油相の三相構造を形成し、従来の界面活性剤と異なり、相溶性による油水界面の界面エネルギーの低下を必要条件とすることなく、熱衝突による合一を起こりにくくするものが用いられる。 Here, the emulsifying dispersant used in the three-phase emulsification method attaches the nanoparticles of the emulsifying dispersant phase to the oil or water particles, so that the three-phase structure of the water phase-emulsifying dispersant phase-oil phase is obtained. Unlike conventional surfactants, those that make coalescence due to thermal collision less likely to occur without requiring a reduction in the interfacial energy at the oil-water interface due to compatibility are used.
このような乳化分散剤としては、自己組織能を有する両親媒性物質により形成されて油性基材表面に付着する閉鎖小胞体を主成分とする乳化分散剤を用いることが有効であり、下記の一般式（化２）で表される（ポリオキシエチレン）硬化ひまし油誘導体を採用するとよい。硬化ひまし油の誘導体としては、エチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数（Ｅ）が５〜１００である誘導体が使用可能である。
また、単粒子化された糖ポリマーを主成分とする乳化分散剤用いてもよく、このような糖ポリマーとしては、下記のアルカリゲネス産生多糖類、ローキアストビーンガム、カラギーナン、キサンタンガム、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、片栗粉、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カチオン化セルロースよりなる群から選ばれた１又は２以上のものが使用可能である。 In addition, an emulsifying and dispersing agent mainly comprising a monoparticulate sugar polymer may be used. Examples of such sugar polymers include the following alkali-genes-producing polysaccharides, roquiast bean gum, carrageenan, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and starch starch. One or two or more selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylcellulose and cationized cellulose can be used.
（１）アルカリゲネス産生多糖類（分子量 約１５０万）
アルカリゲネス産生多糖類は伯東株式会社から提供されたものをそのまま用いた。アルカリゲネス産生多糖類はAlcaligenes latus B−16菌株が産出した糖ポリマーで、下式で示されるように、高分子成分と低分子成分の混合物構成成分（高分子量成分：低分子量成分＝約７：１）である。
(1) Alkaligenes-producing polysaccharide (molecular weight about 1.5 million)
The alkali-genes-producing polysaccharide used as it was provided by Hakuto Co., Ltd. Alkaligenes-producing polysaccharide is a sugar polymer produced by the Alcaligenes latus B-16 strain. As shown in the following formula, a mixture component of a high molecular component and a low molecular component (high molecular weight component: low molecular weight component = about 7: 1) ).
（２）Locust Bean Gum
ローカストビーンガムは地中海沿岸に生育するマメ科の植物であるローカストビーン(イナゴマメ)の種子の胚乳部分を原料に作られる。ガラクトマンナン多糖で，下式に基本的な構造式を示す。
(2) Locust Bean Gum
Locust bean gum is made from the endosperm portion of the seed of locust bean, a leguminous plant that grows on the Mediterranean coast. It is a galactomannan polysaccharide, and the basic structural formula is shown below.
（３）Carrageenan
カラギーナンは，紅藻類の細胞間粘質物質を原料とする硫酸基を含有する直鎖状の構造の酸性多糖類である。その基本的な構造を下式に示す。
(3) Carrageenan
Carrageenan is an acidic polysaccharide having a linear structure containing a sulfate group made from red cell algae intercellular mucus. The basic structure is shown below.
（４）Xanthan Gum（Keruzan）
キサンタンガム(ケルザン)は、下式に示される構成を有し、Xanthomonas campestrisが菌体外に生産する酸性多糖類である。
(4) Xanthan Gum (Keruzan)
Xanthan gum (Kelzan) is an acidic polysaccharide that has the structure shown in the following formula and is produced outside the cells by Xanthomonas campestris.
（５）HEC（Hydroxyethylcellulose） HEC(ヒドロキシエチルセルロース)は、下式に示される構成を有し、植物から抽出される天然食物繊維のセルロースから作られるノニオン性の水溶性の高分子物質。 (5) HEC (Hydroxyethylcellulose) HEC (Hydroxyethylcellulose) is a nonionic water-soluble polymer substance made of cellulose of natural dietary fiber extracted from plants, having the structure shown in the following formula.
（６）片栗粉（Mix starch）
片栗粉はユリ科の多年草である片栗の地下茎から製した白色の澱粉。近時，市販の多くは馬鈴薯澱粉である。下式に示されるように、α-グルコースが直鎖状につながった高分子のアミロースとα-グルコースが多数の分岐を以て鎖状につながった高分子のアミロペクチンからなる。
(6) Mix starch
Kataguri flour is a white starch made from the underground stems of Kataguri, a perennial of the lily family. Recently, most commercial products are potato starch. As shown in the following formula, it consists of a high molecular weight amylose in which α-glucose is connected in a straight chain and a high molecular weight amylopectin in which α-glucose is connected in a chain shape with a number of branches.
（７）カルボキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ）
ＣＭＣ（カルボキシメチルセルロース）は、天然パルプを原料として、セルロースの水酸基を部分的にカルボキシチル基で置換（エーテル化）して得られるアニオン系水溶性高分子である。基本構造を下式に示す。
(7) Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) is an anionic water-soluble polymer obtained by using natural pulp as a raw material and partially replacing (etherifying) the hydroxyl group of cellulose with a carboxytyl group. The basic structure is shown below.
（８）カチオン化セルロース
ヒドロキシエチルセルロースのカチオン化反応により生成したカチオン化ヒドロキシエチルセルロースである。ヒドロキシエチルセルロースヒドロキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリドエーテルなどと表されることもある。
(8) Cationized cellulose Cationized hydroxyethyl cellulose produced by cationization reaction of hydroxyethyl cellulose. It may be expressed as hydroxyethyl cellulose hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride ether.
以下、混合エマルション組成物の実施例を掲げる。混合エマルション組成物としては、各種例が考えられるが、ここでは代表例として、燃料として用いられる混合エマルション組成物について説明する。 Examples of the mixed emulsion composition will be given below. Although various examples can be considered as a mixed emulsion composition, the mixed emulsion composition used as a fuel is demonstrated as a typical example here.
燃料として用いられる混合エマルション組成物について
燃料として用いられる混合エマルション組成物を形成するために、燃料油として軽油と廃食油（テンプラ油）を用い、乳化分散剤としてＨＣＯ−２０を用いた。ＨＣＯ−２０を１ｗｔ％で固定し、それぞれの油剤と水との混合比が所定の割合（６５：３４、７０：２９、８０：１９）となるように調製した軽油エマルションと廃食油エマルションとを予め用意しておき、それぞれの軽油エマルションと廃食油エマルションとを、混合割合を変化させて混ぜ合わせ、乳化状態を目視により観測した結果を図１に示す。
About the mixed emulsion composition used as fuel In order to form the mixed emulsion composition used as fuel, light oil and waste cooking oil (tempura oil) were used as fuel oil, and HCO-20 was used as an emulsifying dispersant. A light oil emulsion and a waste edible oil emulsion prepared by fixing HCO-20 at 1 wt% so that the mixing ratio of each oil agent and water is a predetermined ratio (65:34, 70:29, 80:19). FIG. 1 shows the result of visual observation of the emulsified state prepared in advance, mixing each light oil emulsion and waste edible oil emulsion while changing the mixing ratio.
図１（ａ）は、油剤６５ｗｔ％，水３４ｗｔ％，ＨＣＯ−２０ １ｗｔ％で調製した軽油エマルションと廃食油エマルションの混合例であり、図１（ｂ）は、油剤７０ｗｔ％，水２９ｗｔ％，ＨＣＯ−２０ １ｗｔ％で調製した軽油エマルションと廃食油エマルションの混合例であり、図１（ｃ）は、油剤８０ｗｔ％，水１９ｗｔ％，ＨＣＯ−２０ １ｗｔ％で調製した軽油エマルションと廃食油エマルションの混合例である。
コアセルベーションの状態でも両エマルションが分離している状態ではないため、いずれの場合も安定したエマルションが得られている。
FIG. 1 (a) is a mixed example of a light oil emulsion and waste cooking oil emulsion prepared with an oil agent of 65 wt%, water of 34 wt%, and HCO-20 of 1 wt%, and FIG. FIG. 1 (c) shows a mixture of a light oil emulsion prepared with 1 wt% of HCO-20 and a waste edible oil emulsion. FIG. It is a mixing example.
Since both emulsions are not separated even in the coacervation state, stable emulsions are obtained in either case.
このうち、油剤６５ｗｔ％，水３４ｗｔ％，ＨＣＯ−２０ １ｗｔ％で調製した混合エマルション燃料を用いてディーゼル車を走行させた場合の炭素微粒子排出量、ＮＯｘ排出量、ＨＣ排出量の結果を図２に示す。ここで、図２（ｂ）において、各棒グラフの淡部分はＮＯ排出量を、濃部分はＮＯ２排出量を示し、両方の合計をＮＯｘ排出量としている。
燃料が軽油１００％の場合に比べて、混合エマルション燃料を用いた場合には、炭素微粒子（煤）の排出量（ＰＭ）やＮＯｘの大幅な低減を確認できた。
ただし、ＨＣの排出量については、廃食油を２０ｗｔ％まで増やすと、ＨＣの排出量は軽油単独の場合とほぼ同じとなるため、廃食油を添加させた場合においては、２０ｗｔ％まで添加しても使用上のデメリットはないことが分かる。
Among these, the results of carbon particulate emissions, NOx emissions, and HC emissions when a diesel vehicle is driven using a mixed emulsion fuel prepared with 65 wt% oil, 34 wt% water, and 1 wt% HCO-20 are shown in FIG. Shown in Here, in FIG. 2B, the light portion of each bar graph indicates the NO emission amount, the dark portion indicates the NO 2 emission amount, and the total of both is the NOx emission amount.
Compared with the case where the fuel is 100% light oil, when the mixed emulsion fuel was used, it was confirmed that the emission amount (PM) of carbon fine particles (soot) and NOx were significantly reduced.
However, regarding the amount of HC emissions, if the amount of waste cooking oil is increased to 20 wt%, the amount of HC emissions is almost the same as the case of light oil alone, so when adding waste cooking oil, add up to 20 wt%. It can be seen that there are no disadvantages in use.
また、政策的な観点から、軽油に所定の割合のＢＤＦを混合することが提唱されており、このＢＤＦを生成するためにアルカリエタノールでエステル化したものが用いられているが、上述の構成によれば、廃食油（テンプラ油）をエステル化することなく三相乳化法によりエマルションを形成しておき、それをそのまま軽油エマルションに添加すれば利用可能となるので、エステル化に要するエネルギーが不要となり、炭酸ガスの排出量の抑制に寄与することが可能となる。 From a policy point of view, it has been proposed to mix a certain proportion of BDF with light oil, and esterified with alkaline ethanol to produce this BDF is used. According to this, the waste cooking oil (tempura oil) can be used by forming an emulsion by the three-phase emulsification method without esterification, and adding it to the light oil emulsion as it is, so the energy required for esterification becomes unnecessary. It is possible to contribute to the suppression of carbon dioxide emission.
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