JP2014240588A - Structure for countermeasure against flood disaster - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure for countermeasure against a flood disaster, applicable for wide uses regardless of whether it is large-size or small-sized, which is usable, for example, even by a person who lives in an existing building in order to prevent damages by a large-sized flood or a tsunami due to a large earthquake, and which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.SOLUTION: A structure 1 for countermeasure against a flood disaster having a density of 0.9 g/cmor less, which is installed on the ground in a normal time, and configured so as to partially appear on the water surface when a flood disaster occurs, including a surface layer portion 2 having a density of 1.2 g/cmor more and a base portion 3 having a density of 0.8 g/cmor less, which comprise a cement-based hardened body, bitumen, brick or tile. The structure 1 for countermeasures against a flood disaster is normally used as, for example, a bench, and turned upside down so as to be used as a boat when a flood disaster occurs. Another example of the structure for countermeasure against a flood disaster includes one which is normally used as a pavement, and used as a raft when a flood disaster occurs.

Description

  The present invention is installed on the ground in normal times, and can partially float on the surface of the water in the event of floods (for example, due to heavy rains of guerrillas), tsunamis, etc. It relates to structures for flood control.

In recent years, in order to prevent damage from flooding caused by tsunami, etc., methods such as raising a building during flooding have been studied.
For example, a floating body that fixes a building on top, a pool-type foundation of a container structure provided with a side wall and an outer peripheral portion of a bottom surface on which the floating body is placed, and an anchor pole that connects the floating body to the pool-type foundation An anchor device having the structure, and in a state where water does not enter the pool-type foundation, the floating body is placed on the foundation to support the weight, and in a state where water enters the pool-type foundation, the pool-type foundation An inundated floating structure is proposed in which a floating body is lifted vertically upward by the buoyancy of water that enters the water, and the anchor device is configured to prevent horizontal flow due to the flowing water that enters. (Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-249915 A

The technique described in the above-mentioned document is for fixing a building such as a building on a floating body, and limits a floating object to a building such as a building that is a large structure.
The present invention has a wide range of applications that can be applied regardless of whether it is large or small.For example, even a person who lives in an existing building or a person who passes by can suffer from a tsunami caused by a large-scale flood or a large earthquake. An object of the present invention is to provide a flood damage prevention structure that can be used for prevention and that can be easily and inexpensively manufactured.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has been installed on the ground or a structure in normal times and can partially float on the water surface in the event of a flood, with a density of 0.9 g / cm ³ or less. The structure for water damage countermeasures is a surface layer portion having a density of 1.2 g / cm ³ or more and a density of 0.8 g / cm ³ or less made of a specific material (for example, cement-based cured body). According to the structure for countermeasures against water damage including the base portion, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved and completed the present invention.

The present invention provides the following [1] to [7].
[1] Water-damage structure with a density of 0.9 g / cm ³ or less, which is installed on the ground or on a structure during normal times and can partially float on the water surface in the event of a flood. A body layer, a bitumen, a brick or a tile, and includes a surface layer portion having a density of 1.2 g / cm ³ or more and a base portion having a density of 0.8 g / cm ³ or less. Structure.
[2] The structure for countermeasures against water damage according to the above [1], wherein the cement-based cured body forming the surface layer portion is made of a cement composition having a bending strength of 5 N / mm ² or more.
[3] The structure for countermeasures against water damage according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the base portion is made of lightweight cellular concrete, concrete or mortar having a hollow portion therein, or polystyrene foam.
[4] The structure for countermeasures against water damage is for use in any one of a bench, a desk, a step board, and a playground equipment during normal times, and for use in a boat during a flood. The structure for flood damage prevention according to any one of [1] to [3].
[5] The above-mentioned flood damage prevention structures are usually used for road pavement, parking lot pavement, garden pavement, rooftop pavement, wholesale market pavement, factory indoor or outdoor pavement, and evacuation towers. The above [1] to [3], which are for use in any one of the upper pavement, pavement in the evacuation plaza, and the foundation of the building, and for use in dredging when flooded. A structure for countermeasures against water damage as described in any of the above.
[6] The structure for countermeasures against water damage according to the above [5], having a trough structure.
[7] The structure for countermeasures against water damage according to the above [5] or [6], comprising a tank containing water.

The flood damage control structure of the present invention is not limited to benches installed in public facilities such as parks and gardens of ordinary households, small structures such as tables and step stools, road pavements, and parking lots. And foundations of buildings such as garden pavements (emergency gathering places in part of the garden), rooftop pavements (for example, rooftops of reinforced concrete buildings), wooden houses and one-story buildings It can be applied to a wide range of applications including large structures such as.
Moreover, since the structure for water damage countermeasures of this invention has a simple structure which combined the specific surface layer part and the specific base | substrate part, it can be manufactured easily and cheaply.
The flood damage prevention structure of the present invention is used as a means for evacuating a person near the flood damage prevention structure in the event of a flood such as a large-scale flood or a tsunami caused by a large earthquake.

It is a perspective view which shows the bench which is an example of the structure for water damage countermeasures of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the foundation of the structure (for example, park arbor etc.) which is the other example of the structure for flood damage countermeasures of this invention. It is sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the structure shown in FIG. 2 by the AA line. It is a perspective view which shows the structure (For example, the main-body part of a bench for using in combination with the upper board which is not shown in figure) which is another example of the structure for a flood damage countermeasure of this invention. It is sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the structure shown in FIG. 4 by the BB line. It is sectional drawing which shows the pavement which is the other example of the structure for flood damage countermeasures of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which the pavement shown in FIG. 6 surfaced by the tsunami.

The structure for countermeasures against water damage according to the present invention comprises a cemented hardened body, bitumen, brick or tile, a surface layer portion having a density of 1.2 g / cm ³ or more, and a density of 0.8 g / cm ³ or less. The whole structure for water damage countermeasures including a certain base portion has a density of 0.9 g / cm ³ or less.
In this way, by combining a specific surface layer part and a specific substrate part to form a structure having a density of a specific value or less, the strength of the entire structure for flood protection is reduced to a small structure such as a bench or pavement. In the event of a flood, the flood protection structure can always be floated in the water without being submerged in water, while ensuring sufficient for various applications including large structures such as The safety of those who have evacuated can be ensured.

The surface layer portion of the structure for countermeasures against water damage according to the present invention is made of cement-based hardened body, bitumen (for example, asphalt, tar, etc.), brick, or tile. In the present specification, the “cement-based cured body” means a cured body composed of a composition containing cement (cement composition).
The density of the surface layer portion (for example, cement-based cured body) is 1.2 g / cm ³ or more, preferably 1.6 g / cm ³ or more, more preferably 2.1 g / cm ³ or more. If the density is less than 1.2 g / cm ³ , the strength of the surface layer portion tends to be small, so that it is difficult to sufficiently secure the strength of the entire structure for flood protection measures depending on the use such as pavement. .
In this specification, the density of the surface layer portion refers to a value obtained by dividing the mass of the surface layer portion in a dry state (a state where water is not absorbed) by the volume having the outer surface of the surface layer portion as an outline.

Although the thickness of the surface layer portion varies depending on the use, it is preferably 5 to 100 mm, more preferably 10 to 80 mm, and particularly preferably 15 to 60 mm from the viewpoint of achieving both high strength and small density for the structure for countermeasures against water damage. is there.
The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the surface layer portion vary depending on the use, but from the viewpoint of accommodating at least one evacuee at the time of flooding and ensuring its safety, and easily manufacturing a structure for countermeasures against flooding, It is preferably 1 m or more (vertical) × 0.5 m or more (horizontal) (however, the vertical dimension is equal to or larger than the horizontal dimension. The same applies hereinafter).

When the surface layer portion is made of a cement-based cured body, the cement composition for forming the surface layer portion has a bending strength of 5 N / mm ² or more as a measurement value according to “JIS R 5201 (cement physical test method)”. Mortar or concrete is preferably used. The bending strength is preferably 6 N / mm ² or more, more preferably 7 N / mm ² or more, and particularly preferably 8 N / mm ² or more.
Examples of such high-strength mortar or concrete materials include cement, pozzolanic fine powder, inorganic powder having a particle size larger than the pozzolanic fine powder (excluding cement), aggregate (mortar) In case of fine aggregate, in case of concrete: fine aggregate and coarse aggregate), fiber (metal fiber, organic fiber, inorganic fiber, one or a combination of two or more), water reducing agent, and water A cement composition is mentioned. In the example of the cement composition, fibrous or flaky particles having an average particle size of 1 mm or less may be further blended.

Examples of the cement include various Portland cements such as ordinary Portland cement, low heat Portland cement, and early-strength Portland cement.
Examples of the pozzolanic fine powder include silica fume, silica dust, fly ash, and slag. The BET specific surface area of the pozzolanic fine powder is preferably 5 to 25 m ² / g. The blending amount of the pozzolanic fine powder is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cement.

Examples of the inorganic powder having a particle size larger than that of the pozzolanic fine powder (excluding cement) include slag, limestone powder, and quartz powder. The brane specific surface area of the inorganic powder is preferably 4,500 to 20,000 cm ² / g. The amount of the inorganic powder is preferably 5 to 55 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.
Examples of fibrous particles or flaky particles having an average particle size of 1 mm or less include wollastonite (fibrous particles), mica flakes (flaky particles), and the like. The particle size of the particles is the size of the maximum dimension of the particles (in the case of fibrous particles, the length of the particles). The blending amount of the fibrous particles or flaky particles is preferably 5 to 35 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.

Examples of the fine aggregate include river sand, land sand, sea sand, crushed sand, silica sand, and mixtures thereof. The maximum particle size of the fine aggregate is preferably 2 mm or less. The compounding amount of the fine aggregate is preferably 50 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.
Examples of the coarse aggregate include gravel, crushed stone, and a mixture thereof.
The blending amount of the coarse aggregate is preferably 400 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.

Examples of the metal include steel fibers. The metal fiber preferably has a diameter of 0.1 to 0.4 mm and a length of 10 to 20 mm. The aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber diameter) of the metal fiber is preferably 50 to 120. The compounding amount of the metal fiber is a volume percentage in the kneaded product (cement composition), and is preferably 0.5 to 3%.
Examples of the organic fiber include aramid fiber, polypropylene fiber, vinylon fiber, and carbon fiber. Examples of the inorganic fiber include rock wool.
The dimensions of the organic fiber and the inorganic fiber are preferably 0.01 to 0.4 mm in diameter and 3 to 20 mm in length. The aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber diameter) of the organic fiber is preferably 40 to 1000. The compounding amount of the organic fiber and the inorganic fiber (the total amount when used together) is a volume percentage in the kneaded product, and is preferably 0.5 to 5%.

Examples of water reducing agents include polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducing agents or high-performance AE water reducing agents. The blending amount of the water reducing agent is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.
The amount of water is preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of cement and other powders (the above-mentioned pozzolanic fine powder, inorganic powder, fibrous or flaky particles having an average particle size of 1 mm or less). It is.

Specific examples of blending the high-strength mortar or concrete described above include, for example, 100 parts by mass of low heat Portland cement (Brain specific surface area: 3,200 cm ² / g), silica fume (BET specific surface area: 11 m ² / g). 25 parts by mass, quartz powder (Blaine specific surface area: 8,000 cm ² / g), 25 parts by mass, wollastonite (average length: 0.3 mm, length / diameter ratio: 4), 20 parts by mass, steel fiber ( Diameter: 0.2 mm, length: 13 mm) 2% by volume, 1 part by weight of polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducing agent (in terms of solid content), 120 parts by weight of silica sand (maximum particle size: 0.6 mm), and 25 parts by weight of water The thing which consists of parts is mentioned. In this case, the bending strength of the mortar is about 40 N / mm ² .

By putting a cement composition (for example, high-strength mortar or concrete) into a mold, molding and curing, the surface layer portion of the structure for countermeasures against water damage of the present invention can be obtained. Examples of the curing method include air curing, wet air curing, underwater curing, heat accelerated curing (for example, steam curing, autoclave curing) and the like.
When the base portion formed inside the surface layer is formed of a lightweight cement composition such as lightweight cellular concrete, a molded body of the lightweight cement composition is formed before or after the formation of the surface layer portion. Can be made.

The base portion of the structure for countermeasures against water damage of the present invention is made of a material having a density of 0.8 g / cm ³ or less.
The density of the substrate portion is 0.8 g / cm ³ or less, preferably 0.7 g / cm ³ or less, more preferably 0.5 g / cm ³ or less. When the density exceeds 0.8 g / cm ³ , it is difficult to make the density of the entire structure for water damage countermeasures 0.9 g / cm ³ or less.
The material of the base part is lightweight cellular concrete (ALC; Autoclaved)
Lightweight Concrete), concrete or mortar having a hollow portion inside, and polystyrene foam. In addition, the density of lightweight cellular concrete is 0.5-0.8 g / cm < ³ > normally.

In the present specification, the density of the base portion refers to a value obtained by dividing the mass of the base portion in a dry state (a state where water has not been absorbed) by the volume having the outer surface of the base portion as an outline.
Examples of concrete or mortar having a hollow portion therein include a cement composition similar to the high-strength cement composition forming the surface layer portion, a general-purpose cement composition, and the like. Among these, a cement composition similar to the high-strength cement composition that forms the surface layer portion is preferable.

The density of the structure for countermeasures against water damage of the present invention is 0.9 g / cm ³ or less, preferably 0.8 g / cm ³ or less. When the density exceeds 0.9 g / cm ³ , the amount of load that can float the structure for water damage countermeasures in the case of water damage decreases.
In this specification, the density of the structure for water damage countermeasures is obtained by dividing the mass of the structure for water damage countermeasures in a dry state (without water absorption) by the volume having the outer surface of the structure for water damage countermeasures as an outline. Say things.

Next, various uses of the flood damage prevention structure of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, a bench 1 that is an example of the structure for countermeasures against water damage according to the present invention extends downward from a peripheral portion of a surface layer portion (flat plate portion) 2 made of a high-strength cement-based cured body and a lower surface of the surface layer portion 2. It consists of a plate-like base portion (peripheral wall portion) 3 made of ALC. Note that notches 4 are provided at portions other than the lower four corners of the base portion 3 so that the evacuees can easily hold the bench when lifting it.
The thickness of the surface layer portion 2 is, for example, 10 to 20 mm. The thickness of the plate-like base portion 3 is, for example, 10 to 30 mm. The height of the bench 1 is, for example, 50 to 100 cm.
The bench 1 is usually used in a park, a sidewalk, a garden of a general household, a ground such as a school, a bus stop, and the like. In the event of a flood or tsunami, the bench 1 functions as a ship by holding the notch 4 and turning the bench 1 upside down. Will float on. At this time, even if water infiltrates into the inverted bench 1 due to a tsunami current or the like, the bench 1 does not sink into the water because the density is 0.9 g / cm ³ or less.

2 and 3, a building foundation 10 which is an example of the structure for flood damage prevention according to the present invention includes a plate-like surface layer portion (flat plate portion) 11 made of a high-strength cement-based hardened body, and a surface layer portion 11. The base portion 12 made of ALC is formed on the side and the bottom of the base portion 12. On the bottom surface of the base portion 12, a recess 13 for water to enter is formed. The recess 13 can be formed in a lattice shape, for example.
The base portion 12 is a main body portion that defines the outer dimensions of the base 10, and has a size of, for example, 5 to 10 m (vertical) × 3 to 5 m (horizontal) × 0.2 to 1 m (height).
The surface layer portion 11 is a flat plate disposed in a form incorporated in the base portion 12 and has a thickness of 15 to 50 mm, for example.
The base 10 is preferably provided with a plurality of reinforcing bars (for example, deformed bars) in each of the surface layer portion 11 and the base portion 12 in order to increase the strength.
Air bags (not shown) can be attached to the four corners of the foundation 10. The air bag is inflated by an impact at the time of flooding or an operation of a refugee, and assists the stable rising of the foundation 10.

4 and 5, the bench main body portion (portion other than the upper plate) 20, which is an example of the flood damage prevention structure of the present invention, includes a surface layer portion 21 made of a high-strength cement-based hardened body, and a surface layer portion 21. , And a base portion 22 made of ALC.
The thickness of the surface layer portion 21 is, for example, 10 to 20 mm. The thickness of the base portion 22 is, for example, 10 to 30 mm. The height of the main body portion 20 of the bench is, for example, 50 to 100 cm.
The drain port 23 (for example, a threaded inner peripheral surface) is normally open and is provided for draining rainwater and the like. In the event of a flood, the bolts 24 that are disposed inside the main body portion 20 can be screwed into the drain port 23 from the inside to prevent the inflow of water. Further, by inserting a truncated cone-shaped plug 25 made of a material such as rubber that is hung outside the main body portion 20 into the drain port 23 from the outside, the inflow of water can be prevented more safely. be able to.
The main body portion 20 of the bench can be used as a bench by being combined with an upper plate (not shown) placed on the main body portion 20. The bench is used as a bench in a park or the like in normal times. At the time of flooding, the upper plate (not shown) is removed and the evacuees enter the recesses of the main body portion 20, whereby the main body portion 20 of the bench functions as a ship and floats on the water surface. However, depending on the normal use, the upper plate may be omitted.

  In FIG. 6, the pavement 30, which is an example of the structure for countermeasures against water damage of the present invention, includes surface layer portions (flat plate portions) 31 and 33 made of a high-strength cement-based cured body, and between the surface layer portion 31 and the surface layer portion 33. The formed buffer portion (intermediate layer) 32 made of a material such as ALC or styrene foam, and a buffer provided between the laminates of the base portion 32 and the surface layer portion 33 (for example, elastomer, low-strength ALC, etc.) ) 34 and a reinforcing rod-like body (for example, a columnar shape made of metal or high-strength mortar) disposed in the laminated body in order to increase the strength of the laminated body of the base portion 32 and the surface layer portion 33. (Rod-like body) 35 and flexible connecting means (for example, rope) 36 for connecting the surface layer portions 31 to each other.

The thickness of the surface layer portion (upper layer) 31 is, for example, 10 to 25 mm. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the surface layer portion 31 are, for example, 150 to 250 cm (vertical) × 70 to 200 cm (horizontal).
The thickness of the base portion (intermediate layer) 32 is, for example, 5 to 100 cm.
The surface layer portion (lower layer) 33 is provided in order to make the pavement 30 easily lift from the roadbed during a flood. Examples of the material of the surface layer portion 33 include permeable concrete. The surface layer portion 33 may be formed by cutting a concrete or the like.
The thickness of the surface layer portion (lower layer) 33 is, for example, 2 to 10 cm. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the surface layer portion 33 are the same as those of the base portion 32, for example.
In addition to the contact surface with the surface layer portion 33, the base portion 32 may be provided with a hollow portion (not shown) interposed between the surface portion 33. In this case, the pavement 30 can be more easily lifted from the roadbed during a flood.

FIG. 7 shows a state where the pavement 30 shown in FIG. 6 is levitated by the tsunami.
As shown in FIG. 7, the pavement 30 has a dredging structure (a structure that can float on a water surface that does not have wrinkles), and floats near the water surface 40 of the tsunami. The pavement 30 may be connected to the roadbed 42 via an outflow prevention rope 41 so as not to flow out due to a tsunami. The pavement 30 functions as a gutter and can continue to float on the water surface with the evacuees on it.
On the pavement 30, an evacuation shelter 43 made of a material such as ALC or wood may be fixedly disposed. An automobile can be placed on the pavement 30. For example, when an upper surface having a dimension of 10 m (vertical) × 4 m (horizontal) is formed by connecting a large number of surface layer portions 31 vertically and horizontally, a medium-sized vehicle (for example, a 4-ton truck) can be mounted. Further, when an upper surface having a dimension of 5 m (vertical) × 2.54 m (horizontal) is formed, a small car can be placed.

At the four corners of the pavement 30, it is possible to attach the inside-out prevention member 44 so that the pavement 30 does not roll over due to the water pressure of the tsunami. As the inside-out prevention member 44, for example, one provided with a tank containing water (for example, one in which a PET bottle filled with drinking water is placed in a net) or the like can be mentioned.
In addition, air bags (not shown) or the like can be attached to the four corners of the pavement 30 in order to make the pavement 30 rise more from the water surface. The airbag can be inflated by an impact at the time of flooding or by an evacuee operation.

1 Bench (Water damage countermeasure structure)
2 Surface layer part (flat plate part)
3 Base part (peripheral wall)
4 Notch 10 Foundation of the building (structure for flood damage prevention)
11 Surface layer part (flat plate part)
12 Base part 13 Concave part 20 Bench body part (part other than the upper plate; structure for countermeasures against water damage)
21 Surface layer part 22 Base part 23 Drain port 24 Bolt 25 Plug 30 Pavement (structure for flood damage countermeasures)
31 Surface layer (upper layer)
32 Base part (intermediate layer)
33 Surface layer (lower layer)
34 Buffer 35 Reinforcing bar 36 Connecting rope 40 Water surface 41 Outflow prevention rope 42 Roadbed 43 Shelter 44 Tank filled with drinking water (inversion prevention member)

Claims (7)

It is a structure for measures against water damage with a density of 0.9 g / cm ³ or less, which is installed on the ground or on a structure under normal circumstances and can partially float on the water surface in the event of a flood. A structure for water damage prevention, comprising a surface layer portion having a density of 1.2 g / cm ³ or more and a base portion having a density of 0.8 g / cm ³ or less, which is made of blue, brick, or tile. The structure for water damage prevention according to claim 1, wherein the cement-based cured body forming the surface layer portion is made of a cement composition having a bending strength of 5 N / mm ² or more.   The water damage countermeasure structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base portion is made of lightweight cellular concrete, concrete or mortar having a hollow portion therein, or expanded polystyrene.   The structure for water damage countermeasures is for use in any of a bench, a desk, a step board, and a playground equipment in normal times, and is for use in a boat application in the event of a flood. 3. The structure for flood damage prevention according to any one of 3 above.   The above-mentioned structures for flood control are usually paved roads, parking lots, garden pavements, rooftop pavements, wholesale market pavements, pavement indoors or outdoors in factories, and pavements at the top of evacuation towers. It is for using for the use of any one of the pavement of an evacuation open space, and the foundation of a building, and is used for the use of a dredge at the time of a flood, The any one of Claims 1-3 For flood damage prevention.   The structure for flood damage countermeasures according to claim 5, which has a dredging structure.   The structure for countermeasures against water damage according to claim 5 or 6, comprising a tank containing water.

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