JP2014115888A - Numerical control device - Google Patents

Abstract

A numerical control device capable of machining a workpiece while preventing damage to the workpiece or tool.
An interpolation processing unit for calculating, as movement amount information, an axis movement amount per unit time of an axis for moving a tool based on a speed command to the tool used when cutting a workpiece. The communication processing unit 17 generates a movement command for moving the tool based on the quantity information, and transmits the movement command to the servo axis amplifier 5 and the main shaft amplifier 6, and the communication processing unit 17 If the user acceleration / deceleration parameter is specified by the user as the acceleration / deceleration parameter when moving the axis, a movement command is generated using the user acceleration / deceleration parameter. If the user acceleration / deceleration parameter is not specified by the user, cutting is performed. A movement command is generated using standard acceleration / deceleration parameters set in advance according to the machine tool performing the machining.
[Selection] Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a numerical controller that controls a machine tool while changing a spindle speed or a feed speed.

  A machine tool that performs cutting is controlled by a numerical control (NC) device or the like. Traditionally, machine tool manufacturers have set acceleration / deceleration parameters for machine tool spindles and servo axes according to the machine characteristics of each machine tool, so the user could not change the acceleration / deceleration parameters. . The acceleration / deceleration parameters set by the machine maker are parameters that can quickly follow the command.

  Elements constituting the acceleration / deceleration parameters include an acceleration / deceleration pattern, an acceleration / deceleration time constant, a position loop gain, and a speed loop gain. The acceleration / deceleration pattern is a state of a speed command when accelerating from the axis stop to the command speed, and includes step acceleration / deceleration, constant acceleration / deceleration, soft acceleration / deceleration, primary delay acceleration / deceleration, exponential function acceleration / deceleration, and the like.

  For example, there is an acceleration / deceleration selection function as a function for changing acceleration / deceleration parameters. This acceleration / deceleration selection function is a function for selecting acceleration / deceleration parameters according to the inertia that varies greatly depending on the weight and shape of the work to be rotated and the fixture, and suppressing vibrations and transfer during acceleration / deceleration.

  Depending on the machining shape of the workpiece, there is a timing at which the area of the tool hitting the workpiece changes. At that time, the cutting conditions of the cutting feed speed and the spindle speed may be changed for the purpose of reducing the load on the tool blade and improving the quality of the machined surface. However, the normal cutting feed and spindle rotation speed are accelerated and decelerated with an acceleration / deceleration pattern and acceleration / deceleration time constant adjusted in advance by the machine manufacturer, so the user cannot arbitrarily set the acceleration / deceleration parameters. For this reason, even if the acceleration / deceleration selection function described above is used, parameters for each inertia set in advance by the machine manufacturer can be selected separately from the standard parameters, and acceleration / deceleration parameters can be set for workpieces with the same inertia. It could not be changed arbitrarily.

  Further, when cutting is performed to change the feed speed and spindle speed conditions when switching from the roughing path to the finishing path, the workpiece can be damaged when the spindle speed increases stepwise. In order to prevent this scratch, the spindle speed may be changed after inserting an operation command to release the tool from the workpiece.

  In addition, if the spindle speed command is changed without cutting the tool from the workpiece during cutting, the spindle speed command is accelerated or decelerated with the time constant determined by the parameter. Occur. Similarly, when the cutting feed rate is changed without removing the blade from the workpiece, the workpiece is damaged.

  To solve such problems, a method of intermittently changing the feed speed and the spindle speed has been proposed in order to absorb the fluctuation of the machining load at the start time and the end time of the machining (for example, Patent Document 1). reference). In this method, the feed rate is intermittently changed for a predetermined period at the start or end of the command block of the machining program.

JP 2004-322246 A

  However, in the above-described conventional technique, it is not possible to control the speed change rate during the execution of the machining program block. For this reason, there is a problem that the workpiece or the tool may be damaged when a sudden change in the spindle speed or feed rate occurs.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a numerical control device capable of processing a workpiece while preventing damage to the workpiece or tool.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention provides an axis movement per unit time of an axis for moving the tool based on a speed command to the tool used when cutting the workpiece. An interpolation processing unit that calculates an amount as movement amount information, a communication processing unit that generates a movement command for axially moving the tool based on the movement amount information, and transmits the movement command to a drive unit that drives the tool; When the user acceleration / deceleration parameter is designated by the user as the acceleration / deceleration parameter when the shaft is moved during the cutting process, the communication processing unit uses the user acceleration / deceleration parameter. When a movement command is generated and the user acceleration / deceleration parameter is not designated by the user, the transfer command is generated using a standard acceleration / deceleration parameter preset according to the machine tool performing the cutting process. And generating a command.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to cause a machine tool to process a workpiece while preventing damage to the workpiece or tool.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a numerical controller according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the cutting process on the workpiece. FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining the cutting process when the moving direction of the tool is reversed. FIGS. 3-2 is a figure for demonstrating the cutting process in the case of starting a finishing process pass after escaping a tool from a workpiece | work after a roughing pass. FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the cutting process when the finishing process pass is continuously performed from the roughing process pass. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method for changing the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle speed. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a processing procedure of acceleration / deceleration parameter changing processing. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the spindle interpolation processing. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of spindle communication processing. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of servo axis interpolation processing. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of servo axis communication processing. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the numerical control apparatus according to the embodiment.

  Hereinafter, a numerical controller according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a numerical control apparatus according to an embodiment. A numerical control (NC) device 10X is a device such as a computer that controls the machine tool 20X using a machining program (NC program). The machine tool 20X is a machine that operates a tool (not shown) such as a cutter using a servo axis (feed axis) and a main axis, thereby cutting a workpiece (workpiece).

  The numerical control device 10X of the present embodiment has an acceleration / deceleration parameter (user acceleration / deceleration parameter) that can be set by the user separately from the acceleration / deceleration parameter (standard acceleration / deceleration parameter) set by the machine manufacturer of the machine tool 20X at the time of shipment. Is registered in a user acceleration / deceleration parameter table (servo axis parameters 101A and spindle parameters 101B described later). The numerical control device 10X changes the acceleration / deceleration parameters (rate of change of speed) of the main shaft and the servo shaft at arbitrary positions during cutting in accordance with an instruction from the user. In other words, the numerical control device 10X accelerates or decelerates the spindle speed (rotation speed of the spindle) and the speed of the servo axis (cutting feed speed) according to the acceleration / deceleration parameters designated by the user at an arbitrary timing during cutting feed.

  The numerical control device 10X is connected to the machine tool 20X, and the machine system 100X includes the numerical control device 10X and the machine tool 20X. The machine tool 20X includes an instruction input unit 21, a ladder program storage unit 22, a parameter input unit 23, and a display unit 24.

  The numerical controller 10X includes a machine I / O input / output processing unit 11X, a servo axis parameter storage unit 15A, a spindle parameter storage unit 15B, an interpolation processing unit 16, a communication processing unit 17, an acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A, and an acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B. , An I / O signal storage unit (mechanical I / O output signal storage unit) 19 is provided.

  A user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (user acceleration / deceleration selection signal) and an acceleration / deceleration number (user acceleration / deceleration selection number) are displayed on the instruction input unit 21 of the machine tool 20X by the user while observing changes in the cutting amount and the load state of the spindle. Entered. The user acceleration / deceleration setting signal is a signal (on / off) indicating whether or not cutting is performed using an acceleration / deceleration parameter designated by the user. The acceleration / deceleration number is a number (identification information) indicating the type of acceleration / deceleration parameter designated by the user, and is information for designating one of the servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B. The instruction input unit 21 sends the input user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and acceleration / deceleration number to the selection unit 13X of the numerical controller 10X.

  The ladder program storage unit 22 is a memory that stores a ladder program used in the machine tool 20X. The machine tool 20X operates while reading various commands (such as a spindle rotation command and a feed speed command) from the ladder program. A spindle rotation command or the like used during operation of the machine tool 20X is read by the selection unit 13X.

  Servo axis parameters 101A and spindle parameters 101B are input to the parameter input unit 23 in advance by the user. The servo axis parameter 101A is a data table for storing servo axis acceleration / deceleration parameters, and the spindle parameter 101B is a data table for storing spindle acceleration / deceleration parameters.

  The elements constituting the acceleration / deceleration parameters of the servo axis and the spindle include an acceleration / deceleration pattern, an acceleration / deceleration time constant, a position loop gain, and a speed loop gain. Therefore, the servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B each include an acceleration / deceleration pattern, an acceleration / deceleration time constant, a position loop gain, and a speed loop gain.

  The acceleration / deceleration pattern is a state of a speed command when accelerating from the axis stop to the command speed, and includes step acceleration / deceleration, constant acceleration / deceleration, soft acceleration / deceleration, primary delay acceleration / deceleration, exponential function acceleration / deceleration, and the like.

  The acceleration / deceleration time constant is responsiveness to a speed command given to the motor by the control circuit when the motor is accelerated / decelerated (a constant related to the time until the target speed is reached). The position loop gain is a transfer function (following performance) up to the target position, and the speed loop gain is a transfer function up to the target speed. The servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B are set for each servo axis and each spindle axis.

  The parameter input unit 23 sends the servo axis parameter 101A to the servo axis parameter storage unit 15A, and sends the spindle parameter 101B to the spindle parameter storage unit 15B. Further, the parameter input unit 23 sends the servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B to the display unit 24.

  The display unit 24 displays the servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B input to the parameter input unit 23. The display unit 24 and the parameter input unit 23 are configured so that the user can change the servo axis parameters 101A and the spindle parameters 101B displayed on the display unit 24 while referring to them. For example, the display unit 24 and the parameter input unit 23 are configured such that the user can change the servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B from the I / F screen.

  The machine I / O input / output processing unit 11X includes a selection unit (user PLC processing unit) 13X and an output unit 14. The selection unit 13X selects information (motion information) related to the operation of the main axis and the servo axis from the ladder program and sends it to the output unit 14. The selection unit 13 </ b> X sends the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number to the output unit 14. The operation information is, for example, the moving speed (spindle speed or feed speed) of the spindle or servo axis.

  The output unit 14 sends the operation information, the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal, and the acceleration / deceleration number to the I / O signal storage unit 19. The I / O signal storage unit 19 is a memory that stores operation information, a user acceleration / deceleration setting signal, and an acceleration / deceleration number.

  The servo axis parameter storage unit 15A is a memory that stores the servo axis parameter 101A sent from the parameter input unit 23. The spindle parameter storage unit 15B is a memory or the like that stores the spindle parameter 101B sent from the parameter input unit 23.

  The interpolation processing unit 16 includes a servo axis interpolation unit 16A and a main axis interpolation unit 16B. The interpolation processing unit 16 performs an interpolation process for obtaining a feed movement amount for each interpolation cycle based on the machine I / O output signal.

  Specifically, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A reads the operation information (feed speed command or the like) from the machine I / O output signal in the I / O signal storage unit 19, and based on the operation information, The feed movement amount per unit time (servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time described later) is calculated for each servo axis. The servo axis movement amount (servo axis movement amount after interpolation) 33A calculated by the servo axis interpolation unit 16A is read to the communication processing unit 17 at a predetermined timing.

  Further, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A reads the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number from the machine I / O output signal in the I / O signal storage unit 19. The servo axis interpolation unit 16A switches the servo axis parameter to be set to one of the servo axis parameters 101A in the servo axis parameter storage unit 15A based on the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number.

  The spindle interpolation unit 16B reads the operation information (spindle rotation command, etc.) from the machine I / O output signal in the I / O signal storage unit 19, and based on the operation information, moves the spindle per unit time. (Spindle movement amount 33B per unit time described later) is calculated for each spindle. The main axis movement amount (main axis movement amount after interpolation) 33B calculated by the main axis interpolation unit 16B is read to the communication processing unit 17 at a predetermined timing.

  The spindle interpolation unit 16B reads the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number from the machine I / O output signal in the I / O signal storage unit 19. Based on the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number, the spindle interpolation unit 16B switches the spindle parameter to be set to one of the spindle parameters 101B in the spindle parameter storage unit 15B.

  The communication processing unit 17 includes a servo axis communication unit 17A and a spindle communication unit 17B. The servo axis communication unit 17A reads the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time from the servo axis interpolation unit 16A for each servo axis. The spindle communication unit 17B reads the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time for each spindle from the spindle interpolation unit 16B.

  The servo axis communication unit 17A converts the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time into a movement command (cutting feed command) corresponding to the servo axis parameter 101A selected by the servo axis interpolation unit 16A, and passes through the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A. To the servo axis amplifier 5. Thus, the servo axis is moved via the drive unit (servo axis amplifier 5 and motor, etc.).

  The spindle communication unit 17B converts the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time into a movement command (spindle rotation command) corresponding to the spindle parameter 101B selected by the spindle interpolation unit 16B, and sends the spindle through the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B. Send to amplifier 6. As a result, the spindle is moved via the drive unit (spindle amplifier 6 and motor, etc.).

  In the numerical controller 10X, the machine I / O input / output processing unit 11X is activated every first cycle, the interpolation processing unit 16 is activated every second cycle, and the communication processing unit 17 is activated every third cycle. To start. In this case, for example, first cycle ≧ second cycle ≧ third cycle. For example, the first cycle = 20 msec, the second cycle = 10 msec, and the third cycle = 5 msec.

Next, operation procedures of the numerical controller 10X and the machine tool 20X will be described. For example, machining programs used in the numerical controller 10X are set as in the following commands (1) to (5).
G90G0X20. Y-10. ... (1)
S1500M3 (2)
N1 G1Y20. F100 (3)
N2 G1X15. ... (4)
N3 G1Y-10. F120 S1200 (5)

  Command (1) is X20. Y-10. The command (2) is a command to forwardly rotate the main spindle by 1500 revolutions per minute. And the command (3) is Y20. Is a command for cutting and feeding at a feed rate of 100 (mm / min), and command (4) is X15. The command (5) is Y-10. Is a command to cut at a feed speed of 120 (mm / min) and a spindle speed of 1200. The standard speed of the spindle is 1500, and in this machining program, the speed is changed at the time of transition from the command (4) to (5).

  Here, a case where the acceleration / deceleration parameters of the main shaft and the servo shaft need to be changed at an arbitrary place during the cutting process will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the cutting process on the workpiece. When machining the workpiece 1, the workpiece 1 is cut while rotating the spindle of the tool 3 such as a blade and moving the servo axis of the tool 3 in a predetermined direction in the XY plane.

  FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining the cutting process when the moving direction of the tool is reversed. FIG. 3-2 is a diagram for explaining the cutting process when the finishing process pass is started after the tool is released from the workpiece after the roughing pass. FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the cutting process when the finishing process pass is continuously performed from the roughing process pass.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, when the tool 3 is moved in the + Y direction and then the movement direction of the tool 3 is moved in the −Y direction, the area where the tool 3 hits the work 1 depending on the shape of the work 1. Changes. For example, while the tool 3 is moved in the + Y direction, the tool 3 and the work 1 are in contact with each other at the contact surface 65A, while the tool 3 and the work are moved while the tool 3 is moved in the -Y direction. 1 contacts with the contact surface 65B. Due to this area change, when the moving direction of the tool 3 is changed, the work 1 (spindle speed changing position) may be damaged. For this reason, the cutting conditions of the feed speed and the spindle speed may be changed for the purpose of reducing the load on the tool 3 and improving the quality of the machined surface.

  Further, when the condition of the feed speed and the spindle speed is changed when switching from the roughing path to the finishing path, the workpiece 1 is damaged when the spindle speed increases stepwise. In order to prevent this damage, as shown in FIG. 3-2, the spindle speed may be changed after an operation command for releasing the tool 3 from the workpiece 1 is once inserted.

  However, in this method, a machining pass for separating the tool 3 from the workpiece 1 is required, and the tact time is increased. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3C, there is a case where a method of changing the spindle speed command without removing the tool 3 from the workpiece 1 during cutting is used. In this case, the spindle speed command accelerates or decelerates with the acceleration / deceleration time constant determined by the parameter, but abrupt changes in the spindle speed (rotational speed) may cause damage to the spindle speed change position of the workpiece 1.

  In the present embodiment, in order to prevent scratches occurring on the workpiece 1 while suppressing the tact time, the acceleration / deceleration parameters of the spindle and the servo axis are changed to values desired by the user during cutting in accordance with an instruction from the user.

For example, in the above-described machining program command (5), the spindle speed and the feed speed are changed in consideration of a temporary change in the cutting amount of the tool 3. In the present embodiment, when the spindle speed or the feed speed is changed, an appropriate acceleration / deceleration parameter desired by the user is set in accordance with an instruction from the user. For example, there are the following two cases where the acceleration / deceleration parameter is changed.
(Case 1) The feed rate of the servo axis is switched from command (4) to command (5), and the servo axis acceleration / deceleration parameter is switched from the standard pattern to the user acceleration / deceleration parameter.
(Case 2) The spindle speed is switched from command (4) to command (5), and the spindle acceleration / deceleration parameter is switched from the standard pattern to the user acceleration / deceleration pattern.

  First, a method for changing the spindle speed acceleration / deceleration parameter will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method for changing the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle speed. The horizontal axis in FIG. 4 is time, and the vertical axis is the spindle speed command. Further, the upper part of FIG. 4 shows a change pattern of a conventional spindle speed, the middle part shows a change pattern of the spindle speed of the present embodiment (Example 1), and the lower part shows a change pattern of the spindle speed of the present embodiment (Example 2). It is.

  Conventionally, when the spindle speed is switched from the command (4) to the command (5), the spindle speed is changed according to the acceleration / deceleration parameters set by the machine manufacturer of the machine tool 20X (change pattern 71).

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, a spindle speed change instruction from the user is received at an arbitrary timing T1 during cutting. Then, the numerical controller 10X moves the spindle using the user acceleration / deceleration parameter corresponding to the spindle speed change instruction from the user.

  For example, in the case of (Example 1) shown in the middle stage, when the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number are input at timing T1 from the user during the cutting feed of the command (4), the numerical control device 10X receives the command ( When the spindle speed is switched by the command (5) from 4), the spindle speed is changed by the user acceleration / deceleration parameter according to the spindle speed change instruction from the user (change pattern 72).

  In the case of (Example 2) shown in the lower part, when the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number are input at timing T1 from the user during the cutting feed of the command (4), the numerical controller 10X At the timing when the deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number are input, the spindle speed is changed by the user acceleration / deceleration parameter according to the spindle speed change instruction from the user (change pattern 73). Note that the timing for changing the spindle speed is set in advance in the user acceleration / deceleration parameter, and the spindle speed is changed by the user acceleration / deceleration parameter according to the spindle speed change instruction from the user according to the set timing. Good.

  Although the method for changing the acceleration / deceleration parameter for the spindle speed has been described here, the method for changing the acceleration / deceleration parameter for the servo axis speed is the same as the method for changing the acceleration / deceleration parameter for the spindle speed. That is, the numerical controller 10X may change the servo axis speed at the timing when the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number are input, or the servo axis speed according to the timing set in the user acceleration / deceleration parameter. May be changed.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a processing procedure of acceleration / deceleration parameter changing processing. When a user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and acceleration / deceleration number are input from the user to the instruction input unit 21 during cutting feed, the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and acceleration / deceleration number are sent to the selection unit 13X using the machine signal 31. . The machine signal 31 includes commands in the ladder program used for cutting such as a spindle rotation command and a feed speed command.

  The selection unit 13X performs a machine I / O process P42. Specifically, the selection unit 13X selects operation information regarding the operation of the main axis and the servo axis from the ladder program and sends it to the output unit 14. The selection unit 13 </ b> X sends the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number to the output unit 14.

  The output unit 14 performs a machine I / O output process P43. Specifically, the output unit 14 sends operation information to the I / O signal storage unit 19. When the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal is not output from the selection unit 13X (when the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal is OFF) or when the acceleration / deceleration number is not selected, the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number are I / O. It is not stored in the signal storage unit 19.

  In this case, the interpolation processing unit 16 selects standard acceleration / deceleration parameters (standard spindle acceleration / deceleration parameters, standard servo axis acceleration / deceleration parameters) as the acceleration / deceleration parameters of the main axis and servo axis. The standard acceleration / deceleration parameters are set in the numerical control device 10X and are stored in a storage unit (not shown).

  On the other hand, when the selection unit 13X selects the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number, the output unit 14 sets the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number as the I / O signal as the machine I / O output process P43. Store in the storage unit 19.

  While the workpiece 1 is machined using the machining program, the interpolation processing unit 16 is activated every predetermined cycle (for example, 10 msec cycle) and refers to the I / O signal storage unit 19. The spindle interpolation unit 16B reads the operation information and calculates a spindle movement amount 33B per unit time corresponding to the spindle rotation speed (spindle rotation command). In addition, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A reads the operation information and calculates the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time according to the feed speed (movement speed) of the servo axis.

  Here, the spindle acceleration / deceleration parameter changing process (the changing process of the spindle parameter 101B) will be described. When the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal rises (signal on) and the acceleration / deceleration number is changed from 0 to another number, the spindle interpolation unit 16B sets the standard spindle acceleration / deceleration parameter as the main spindle parameter (table group) 101B. Switch to one.

  At this time, the spindle interpolation unit 16B stores the changed acceleration / deceleration number as the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34B. In the subsequent processing, if the acceleration / deceleration number in the I / O signal storage unit 19 is different from the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34B, the spindle interpolation unit 16B determines that the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle has been changed.

  The spindle communication unit 17B performs spindle communication processing P47. Specifically, the spindle communication unit 17B refers to the acceleration / deceleration parameter specified by the machine signal 31, converts the movement amount calculated by the spindle interpolation unit 16B into a movement command, and transmits the spindle via the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B. Transmit to amplifier 6.

  If there is an instruction to change the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle when the spindle is not accelerating / decelerating, the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time calculated by the spindle interpolating unit 16B is used as a movement command using the changed spindle parameter 101B. After that, it is stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B. Then, the spindle communication unit 17B of the communication processing unit 17 sends the movement command stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B to the spindle amplifier 6 after the acceleration / deceleration of the spindle is completed. For example, when the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal is turned on while the processing corresponding to the command (4) is executed and the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle is changed, the command (5) is started or the command (5 ), The spindle speed is changed using the S command.

  The servo axis (feed speed) acceleration / deceleration parameter changing process (servo axis parameter 101A changing process) is performed in the same procedure as the above-described spindle acceleration / deceleration parameter changing process. That is, when the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal rises (signal on) and the acceleration / deceleration number is changed from 0 to another number, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A sets the standard servo axis acceleration / deceleration parameters as servo axis parameters (table group). ) Switch to one of 101A.

  At this time, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A stores the changed acceleration / deceleration number as the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34A. In the subsequent processing, if the acceleration / deceleration number in the I / O signal storage unit 19 is different from the currently selected acceleration / deceleration number 34A, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A determines that the servo axis acceleration / deceleration parameter has been changed. To do.

  The servo axis communication unit 17A performs a servo axis communication process P46. Specifically, the servo axis communication unit 17A refers to the acceleration / deceleration parameter specified by the machine signal 31, converts the movement amount calculated by the servo axis interpolation unit 16A into a movement command, and passes through the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A. To the servo axis amplifier 5.

  If the servo axis acceleration / deceleration parameter is instructed when the servo axis is not accelerating / decelerating, the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time calculated by the servo axis interpolating unit 16A is set to the servo axis parameter 101A after the change. And converted into a movement command, and then stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A. Then, the servo axis communication unit 17A of the communication processing unit 17 sends the movement command stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A to the servo axis amplifier 5 after the acceleration / deceleration of the servo axis is completed. For example, if the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal is turned on while the processing corresponding to the command (4) is executed and the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the servo axis is changed, the command (5) is started or the command ( Before starting 5), the servo shaft speed (feed speed) is changed using the F command.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9, processing procedures of the spindle interpolation process P45, the spindle communication process P47, the servo axis interpolation process P44, and the servo axis communication process P46 by the numerical controller 10X will be described.

(Spindle interpolation processing P45)
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the spindle interpolation processing. When there is a movement command to the main axis, the main axis interpolation unit 16B calculates the main axis movement amount 33B per unit time (step S11) and stores it. Specifically, the spindle interpolation unit 16B sets the calculation result in a storage area that stores the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time.

  Then, the spindle interpolation unit 16B determines whether or not the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal has risen (signal on) (step S12). When detecting the rising of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (step S12, Yes), the spindle interpolation unit 16B reads the spindle acceleration / deceleration number stored in the I / O signal storage unit 19.

  Then, the spindle interpolation unit 16B compares the acceleration / deceleration number of the spindle read from the I / O signal storage unit 19 with the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34B. Thereby, it is determined whether or not the read acceleration / deceleration number ≠ selected acceleration / deceleration number (step S13).

  When the read acceleration / deceleration number = selected acceleration / deceleration number (step S13, No), the spindle interpolation unit 16B determines that the acceleration / deceleration number has not changed, and does not enter the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching process. Then, the numerical controller 10X performs a machining program end determination process (step S17).

  On the other hand, if the read acceleration / deceleration number ≠ selected acceleration / deceleration number (step S13, Yes), the spindle interpolation unit 16B switches the spindle acceleration / deceleration parameter to the read user acceleration / deceleration parameter (step S16).

  If the spindle interpolation unit 16B does not detect the rising edge of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (No at Step S12), it determines whether or not the falling edge (signal OFF) of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal has occurred (Step S14). . When the spindle interpolation unit 16B detects the fall of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (step S14, Yes), the spindle selection acceleration / deceleration number 34B is returned to the standard value (step S15). Then, the spindle interpolation unit 16B switches the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle from the user acceleration / deceleration parameter to the standard acceleration / deceleration parameter (step S16).

  When switching the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle to a new user acceleration / deceleration parameter, the spindle interpolation unit 16B sets a user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag to notify the spindle communication unit 17B that the acceleration / deceleration parameter has been switched. Then, the numerical controller 10X performs a machining program end determination process (step S17).

  In the process of step S14, if the spindle interpolation unit 16B does not detect the falling edge of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (No in step S14), the numerical controller 10X performs a machining program end determination process (step S17). ).

  When the machining program has not ended (No at Step S17), the processes at Steps S11 to S16 are repeated. When the machining program has been completed (step S17, Yes), the spindle interpolation process P45 ends.

(Spindle communication processing P47)
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of spindle communication processing. If there is no instruction to change the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle after the spindle communication processing P47 is started, the spindle communication unit 17B uses the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time created by the spindle interpolation unit 16B as the standard acceleration / deceleration parameter. Is converted into a movement command to the spindle. This movement command is stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B, and is used for spindle data input / output processing (movement command to the spindle amplifier 6) between the NC and the amplifier (between the numerical controller 10X and the spindle amplifier 6).

  When there is an instruction to change the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle, the spindle communication unit 17B determines whether or not the spindle is accelerating / decelerating (step S21). If the spindle is not accelerating or decelerating (No in step S21), the spindle communication unit 17B performs data storage processing in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B. The data stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B at this time is obtained by converting the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time created by the spindle interpolation process P45 into a movement command for accelerating / decelerating according to the selected spindle parameter 101B. (Step S22).

  When storing the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B, the spindle communication unit 17B refers to the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34B, and if the acceleration / deceleration number is changed, the changed acceleration / deceleration is performed. The spindle parameter corresponding to the number is selected from the spindle parameters 101B. At this time, the spindle interpolation unit 16B registers the changed acceleration / deceleration number in the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34B. Thereafter, the spindle interpolation unit 16B performs spindle data input / output processing between the NC and the amplifier (step S23).

  On the other hand, if the spindle is accelerating / decelerating (step S21, Yes), the spindle communication unit 17B does not update the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B, and enters the spindle data between the NC and the amplifier using the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B before update. An output process is performed (step S23).

  The numerical controller 10X sets the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time corresponding to the instruction from the user in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B, and then performs spindle data input / output processing between the NC and the amplifier (step S23). Specifically, as the spindle data input / output processing between the NC and the amplifier, the spindle communication unit 17B sends a movement command to the spindle amplifier 6 using the movement command stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B.

  Thus, until there is an instruction to change the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle, the spindle communication unit 17B outputs a movement command to the spindle using the standard acceleration / deceleration parameter, and an instruction to change the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the spindle. If there is, a command to move to the spindle is output using the user acceleration / deceleration parameters.

  When performing spindle data input / output processing between the NC and the amplifier, the spindle communication unit 17B adds the spindle movement amount 33B per unit time set in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18B to the spindle accumulated rotation speed data, and after the addition Is sent to the servo axis amplifier 5 as a movement command (spindle movement amount per unit time). The spindle rotational speed data is information indicating the cumulative rotational speed of the spindle.

  When the machining program has not ended (No at Step S24), the processes at Steps S21 to S23 are repeated. When the machining program has ended (step S24, Yes), the spindle communication process P47 ends.

(Servo axis interpolation processing P44)
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of servo axis interpolation processing. When there is a movement command to the servo axis, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A calculates the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time (step S31) and stores it. Specifically, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A sets a calculation result in a storage area that stores the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time.

  Then, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A determines whether or not the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal has risen (signal ON) (step S32). When detecting the rise of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (Yes in step S32), the servo axis interpolation unit 16A reads the servo axis acceleration / deceleration number stored in the I / O signal storage unit 19.

  Then, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A compares the acceleration / deceleration number of the servo axis read from the I / O signal storage unit 19 with the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34A. Thereby, it is determined whether or not the read acceleration / deceleration number ≠ selected acceleration / deceleration number (step S33).

  If the read acceleration / deceleration number = selected acceleration / deceleration number (step S33, No), the servo axis interpolation unit 16A determines that the acceleration / deceleration number has not changed, and does not enter the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching process. Then, the numerical controller 10X performs a machining program end determination process (step S37).

  On the other hand, if the read acceleration / deceleration number ≠ selected acceleration / deceleration number (step S33, Yes), the servo axis interpolation unit 16A switches the servo axis acceleration / deceleration parameter to the read user acceleration / deceleration parameter (step S34).

  Further, if the servo axis interpolation unit 16A does not detect the rising edge of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (No in step S32), the servo axis interpolation unit 16A determines whether the falling edge (signal OFF) of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal has occurred (step S35). ). When detecting the falling edge of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (Yes in step S35), the servo axis interpolation unit 16A returns the acceleration / deceleration number 34A during selection of the servo axis to the standard value (step S36). Then, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A switches the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the servo axis from the user acceleration / deceleration pattern to the standard parameter (step S34).

  When switching the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the servo axis to a new user acceleration / deceleration parameter, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A displays a user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag to notify the servo axis communication unit 17A that the acceleration / deceleration parameter has been switched. set. Then, the numerical controller 10X performs a machining program end determination process (step S37).

  In the process of step S34, if the servo axis interpolation unit 16A does not detect the falling of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal (No in step S35), the numerical controller 10X performs a machining program end determination process (step S35). S37).

  If the machining program has not ended (No at Step S37), the processes at Steps S31 to S36 are repeated. If the machining program has been completed (step S37, Yes), the servo axis interpolation process P44 ends.

(Servo axis communication process P46)
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of servo axis communication processing. When the servo axis communication process P46 is started, the servo axis communication unit 17A uses the selected servo axis parameter 101A as the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time generated by the servo axis interpolation unit 16A. Convert to move command to. This movement command is stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A (step S41).

  When storing the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A, the servo axis communication unit 17A refers to the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34A, and if the acceleration / deceleration number has been changed, it has been changed. The servo axis parameter corresponding to the acceleration / deceleration number is selected from the servo axis parameters 101A. At this time, the servo axis interpolation unit 16A registers the changed acceleration / deceleration number in the selected acceleration / deceleration number 34A.

  When the servo axis communication process P46 is started, the servo axis communication unit 17A determines whether or not the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag is on (step S42). When the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag is ON (step S42, Yes), in order to determine whether or not it is necessary to recalculate (update) the movement command stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A. The servo axis communication unit 17A determines whether or not the acceleration of the axis movement of the servo axis has been completed (step S43).

  If the acceleration of the axis movement of the servo axis is completed (step S43, Yes), the servo axis communication unit 17A recalculates the movement command calculated during the acceleration of the axis movement and updates the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A. .

  However, if the user's acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag is turned on at any timing during axis movement, if the movement command is recalculated (acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A is updated), the unit time created for acceleration The amount of movement during deceleration that does not match the total amount of servo axis movement 33A per unit will be passed to the servo axis, causing a servo axis misalignment.

  Therefore, the servo axis communication unit 17A calculates the amount of movement required during deceleration after switching acceleration / deceleration parameters (step S44), the remaining distance of axis movement at the timing when the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag is turned on, Compare the travel required for deceleration. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the remaining distance of the axis movement is equal to or greater than the movement amount necessary for deceleration (step S46).

  The remaining axial movement distance is the remaining axial movement distance when the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag is turned on, and is calculated using the current position of the servo axis and the target movement position of the servo axis. On the other hand, the movement amount necessary for deceleration is the axis movement amount after the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag is turned on, and is calculated using the new servo axis parameter 101A selected by the flag being turned on. When the servo axis is decelerated using the new servo axis parameter 101A selected by flag-on, the movement distance necessary for the servo axis is the movement amount necessary for deceleration.

  If the remaining distance of the axis movement is equal to or greater than the movement amount necessary for deceleration (step S46, Yes), the servo axis communication unit 17A moves in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A according to the selected servo axis parameter 101A. The command is recalculated (step S47).

  The movement command at this time is obtained by converting the servo axis movement amount 33A per unit time created by the servo axis interpolation process P44 into a movement command for accelerating or decelerating according to the selected servo axis parameter 101A. The servo axis communication unit 17A stores (overwrites) the recalculated movement command in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A. Until there is an instruction to change the acceleration / deceleration parameter of the servo axis, the servo axis communication unit 17A converts the servo axis movement amount per unit time into a movement command to the servo axis using the standard acceleration / deceleration parameter.

  On the other hand, if the remaining distance of the axis movement is smaller than the movement amount necessary for deceleration in step S46 (step S46, No), the servo axis is moved using the movement command in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A updated after the acceleration / deceleration parameter switching. The position shifts when decelerating and stopping. In this case, the servo axis communication unit 17A does not update the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A, and decelerates the servo axis using the movement command stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A when the axis movement is started.

  Further, the timing at which the acceleration / deceleration parameters can be switched is, for example, when the axis movement is started. For this reason, in the process of step S43, when the acceleration of the axis movement of the servo axis is not completed (No in step S43), the servo axis communication unit 17A determines whether it is the timing when the axis movement of the servo axis is started. Is determined (step S45).

  If it is the axis movement start timing of the servo axis (step S45, Yes), the servo axis communication unit 17A recalculates the movement command stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A (step S47).

  On the other hand, if it is not the axis movement start timing of the servo axis (step S45, No), the servo axis communication unit 17A does not perform the update process of the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A, and is stored in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A at the start of the axis movement. The servo axis is decelerated using the movement command.

  If the user acceleration / deceleration parameter switching request flag is OFF in the process of step S42 (No in step S42), the servo axis communication unit 17A does not perform the update process of the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A, and increases the acceleration when starting the axis movement. The servo axis is decelerated using the movement command stored in the deceleration buffer 18A.

  The numerical controller 10X sets a movement command in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A based on the servo axis parameter 101A corresponding to the instruction from the user, and then between NC and amplifier (between the numerical controller 10X and the servo axis amplifier 5). ) Performs servo axis data input / output processing (step S48).

  When performing servo axis data input / output processing between the NC and amplifier, the servo axis communication unit 17A adds the movement command set in the acceleration / deceleration buffer 18A to the servo axis cumulative rotation speed data, and the servo after the addition The accumulated shaft rotation speed is sent to the servo axis amplifier 5 as a movement command (servo axis movement amount per unit time). The servo shaft cumulative rotational speed data is information indicating the cumulative rotational speed of the servo shaft.

  If the machining program has not ended (No at Step S49), the processes at Steps S41 to S48 are repeated. If the machining program has ended (step S49, Yes), the servo axis communication process P46 ends.

  Note that the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number may be set in advance in the machining program. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the numerical control apparatus according to the embodiment. In addition, the same number is attached | subjected about the component which achieves the same function as the numerical control apparatus 10X shown in FIG. 1 among each component of FIG. 10, The overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The numerical control device 10Y is connected to the machine tool 20Y, and the machine system 100Y includes the numerical control device 10Y and the machine tool 20Y. The machine tool 20Y includes a ladder program storage unit 22, a parameter input unit 23, and a display unit 24.

  The numerical controller 10Y includes a machining program storage unit 30 and a machine I / O input / output processing unit 11Y instead of the machine I / O input / output processing unit 11X. The machine I / O input / output processing unit 11Y includes an analysis unit 12, a selection unit 13Y, and an output unit 14.

  The machining program storage unit 30 is a memory that stores a machining program used for machining a workpiece. When machining a workpiece, the machining program in the machining program storage unit 30 is read by the analysis unit 12. The analysis unit 12 analyzes the machining program (machine I / O input process), extracts a user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and an acceleration / deceleration number, and sends the extracted signal to the selection unit 13Y.

  In the machining program, information for instructing the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number is entered, and the machine program 20Y notifies the numerical control device 10Y of the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number by the machining program. Also good.

  In this embodiment, the parameter input unit 23 and the display unit 24 are arranged on the machine tools 10X and 10Y. However, the parameter input unit 23 and the display unit 24 are connected to the numerical control device 10X and the numerical control device 10Y. You may arrange.

  As described above, according to the embodiment, the spindle speed and the cutting feed speed of the servo axis are accelerated / decelerated according to the acceleration / deceleration parameter designated by the user at an arbitrary timing, so that the workpiece 1 can be prevented from being damaged. Moreover, since the rapid change of the spindle speed or the cutting feed speed can be suppressed, the life of the tool 3 is extended. In addition, since the spindle speed is changed, a machining pass for separating the workpiece 1 from the tool 3 during machining becomes unnecessary, so that the tact time can be shortened. Accordingly, it is possible to cause the machine tool 20X to process the workpiece 1 in a short time while preventing the workpiece 1 and the tool 3 from being damaged.

  Further, since the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number are input to the numerical control device 10X using the machine signal, the servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B can be easily selected.

  Further, since the user acceleration / deceleration setting signal and the acceleration / deceleration number are set using the machining program, the servo axis parameter 101A and the spindle parameter 101B can be easily selected.

  As described above, the numerical control device according to the present invention is suitable for controlling a machine tool that performs machining while changing the spindle speed or the feed speed.

  1 work, 3 tools, 10X, 10Y numerical control device, 13X, 13Y selection unit, 15A servo axis parameter storage unit, 15B spindle parameter storage unit, 16 interpolation processing unit, 16A servo axis interpolation unit, 16B spindle interpolation unit, 17 communication Processing unit, 17A Servo axis communication unit, 17B Main shaft communication unit, 20X, 20Y Machine tool, 21 Instruction input unit, 23 Parameter input unit, 31 Machine signal, 33A Servo axis movement amount per unit time, 33B Main axis movement amount per unit time , 101A Servo axis parameters, 101B Spindle parameters.

Claims (6)

An interpolation processing unit that calculates an axis movement amount per unit time of an axis for moving the tool as movement amount information based on a speed command to the tool used when cutting the workpiece;
A communication processing unit that generates a movement command for axially moving the tool based on the movement amount information, and transmits the movement command to a drive unit that drives the tool;
With
The communication processing unit generates the movement command using the user acceleration / deceleration parameter when a user acceleration / deceleration parameter is designated by a user as an acceleration / deceleration parameter when the axis is moved during the cutting process. If the user acceleration / deceleration parameter is not designated by the user, the movement command is generated using a standard acceleration / deceleration parameter that is preset according to the machine tool that performs the cutting process. apparatus. A storage unit that stores a data table in which the user acceleration / deceleration parameters are set for each axis;
The said communication processing part produces | generates the said movement command using the data table corresponding to the information which designates the said user acceleration / deceleration parameter, if the said user acceleration / deceleration parameter is designated. The numerical controller described. The axis is a main axis;
The movement amount information is a movement amount per unit time of the spindle,
The numerical controller according to claim 1, wherein the shaft movement command is a rotation command of the main shaft. The axis is a servo axis;
The movement amount information is a cutting feed movement amount per unit time of the servo axis,
The numerical control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the shaft movement command is a cutting feed command for the servo shaft.   5. The numerical control device according to claim 1, wherein the information specifying the user acceleration / deceleration parameter is sent to the communication processing unit as a machine signal from the machine tool.   The information for designating the user acceleration / deceleration parameter is extracted from a machining program used for cutting the workpiece and is sent to the communication processing unit. Numerical control unit.

Images