JP2014195768A - Slag crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To crush slag efficiently.SOLUTION: The slag crusher comprises: a chute 20 into which a slag D generated in a furnace of a combustion apparatus is putted; a reception member 1 disposed below the chute 20; and press means 10 having function of coming close to and separating from an inclined upper face part 2 of the reception member 1 from an upper part. The reception member 1 has plural holes 5 penetrating between the upper face part 2 and a lower face part 3, and the reception member 1 and the press means 10 are disposed in water. The press means 10 presses a block object E which does not pass the holes 5 of the reception member 1 among the slags D fallen from a lower opening 21 of the chute 20 against the reception member 1, for crushing the slag D into a size which can pass the holes 5 of the reception member 1.

Description

  The present invention relates to a slag crusher used in a power plant or various plants.

  Coal gasifiers are used as combustion devices that use solid materials such as coal as fuel in power plants and various plants. The coal gasification furnace has a double pressure-resistant structure, and the furnace body is housed in a cylindrical vertical pressure-resistant container filled with water. The slag melted by the high temperature falls from the furnace body to the slag hopper, and is then crushed to an appropriate size and discharged to a slag discharge tank outside the slag hopper.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, a slag crusher is provided directly below a slag chute (hereinafter simply referred to as “chute”) provided in a lower portion of a furnace body of a coal gasification furnace. The slag falling through the chute from the coal gasifier main body is crushed by this slag crusher and discharged into the slag discharge tank.

  Here, the slag crusher is provided with a slag crusher and a roll crusher. The slag crusher is a structure that compresses and crushes by squeezing the raw material in the center with a horizontal hydraulic jack from both sides. Moreover, the roll crusher crushes the raw material crushed by the slag crusher more finely. The hydraulic jack has a short stroke, and a large lump can only be crushed to a medium size, so the crushed material is further subdivided with a roll crusher.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, the hydraulic jack connected to each spreader and each spreader is provided as a slag crusher. A lattice-like screen is disposed below the space between the spreaders. The raw material is crushed by both spreaders that are opened and closed by the operation of the hydraulic jack, and when the crushed material becomes smaller than the opening of the screen, it falls through the opening to the roll crusher side.

JP-A-7-247484 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-38510

  The techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 use a slag crusher and a roll crusher in combination. For this reason, the structure of a machine is complicated and causes a high cost. In addition, a large space is required for installing the machine. In particular, the technique of Patent Document 2 requires two hydraulic jacks, and the hydraulic jacks must be reciprocated repeatedly until the crushed material is large enough to pass through the screen. For this reason, crushing efficiency is bad.

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to enable it to crush efficiently the slag which falls from combustion apparatuses, such as a coal gasifier, in the pressure vessel filled with water.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a chute into which slag generated in a furnace of a combustion apparatus is charged, a receiving member provided below the chute, and an inclined upper surface portion of the receiving member. Pressing means having a function of approaching and moving away from above, the receiving member has a plurality of holes penetrating between the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion, and the receiving member and the pressing means are underwater. The pressing means is configured to press a lump that has not passed through the hole of the receiving member out of the slag dropped from the lower opening of the chute toward the receiving member, thereby pressing the hole of the receiving member. A slag crusher characterized by crushing to a size that can pass through is adopted.

  According to this structure, since the pressing direction with respect to the lump at the time of crushing turns into the downward direction toward the upper surface part (inclined surface) of a receiving member, gravity can be utilized in the case of the pressing operation by the pressing means. For this reason, compared with the conventional horizontal jack etc., the power required for the press with respect to a lump can be reduced, and it can crush efficiently. In addition, since the discharge is restricted by the receiving member from the upper surface portion side toward the lower surface portion side, the compression effect on the lump is high, and the number of times of pressing by the pressing means (the number of times of advancement / retraction) can be reduced. In addition, when using a press means in water, there is no problem by using a water-resistant apparatus.

By performing crushing using such downward pressing means in water, for example, even a single pressing means (single pusher) can be efficiently crushed to a desired size with a single pressing. . A single pressing means is economical in terms of design, manufacturing, and running costs. Further, since the pressing means is tilted downward, the size in the lateral direction of the apparatus can be reduced and space can be saved as compared with a conventional horizontal jack. Further, if the pressing means is inclined forward, the crushing zone is concentrated on the receiving member side, so that the bulk density of the slag near the hole of the receiving member is increased. For this reason, crushing efficiency becomes high and the movement efficiency per movement time of a press means becomes high.
That is, the slag falling through the chute from the coal gasification furnace main body can be efficiently crushed in the pressure vessel filled with water.

In these configurations, as the receiving member, a perforated plate having a large number of the holes penetrating in the front-back direction can be employed. As an example of the perforated plate, a lattice member (mesh member), a punching metal, and other members having a large number of through holes can be employed.
By using such a perforated plate, the lump is crushed through a large number of holes distributed so as to expand in a plane and falls from the holes, so there is no need to repeat the reciprocating motion of the pusher as in the past. In addition, the crushing can be efficiently performed with the minimum forward and backward movement of the pressing means.
In addition, since a large number of holes are distributed so as to expand in a plane, it is possible to efficiently crush and crush the entire surface of the hole without any deviation at the edges of the holes without using a sharp blade.

  By adopting compression crushing for the perforated plate, it is also possible to expect the effect that the lump is less likely to clog the crushing zone. This is because the pore distribution covers a wide area. Even if a part of the block is clogged in the hole, it can be pushed out by the next pressing.

  At this time, the inclination angle of the upper surface portion can be set freely. For example, if the structure is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction, the passage of the combustion ash hole and the mass receiving member The fall of each is smooth and the most efficient crushing is possible. Note that this angle can be set to, for example, 30 degrees or 60 degrees.

  In each of these configurations, a pedestal that is inclined opposite to the upper surface portion is provided adjacent to the bottom side of the receiving member, and the pedestal has a plurality of holes that penetrate between the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion. And the said press means can employ | adopt the structure which presses the lump which did not pass the hole of the said stand among the slags which fell from the said lower opening to the said receiving member side.

  Furthermore, in each of these configurations, the chute has a plurality of holes penetrating the inside and outside of the chute, and the slug that passes through the chute hole falls downward without going through the lower opening. Can be adopted.

  By providing a plurality of holes in the lower part of the pedestal or chute adjacent to the receiving member, it is possible to eliminate slag of a size passing through the holes downward in the previous stage where crushing by the pressing means starts, and for further crushing Efficiency can be improved.

  When a plurality of holes are provided in the gantry or the chute, the member to be provided with the holes may be the same as the receiving member. That is, a perforated plate having a large number of holes penetrating in the front and back direction can be employed.

  In each of these configurations, a configuration is provided in which a sensor having a function of detecting the presence or absence of a lump is provided on the receiving member, and the pressing means is automatically operated by a signal indicating the presence or absence from the sensor. Can be adopted. By providing a sensor for detecting the presence or absence of a lump, the pressing means can be automatically controlled.

  Alternatively, a configuration in which the pressing means includes a timer can be employed. With the function of the timer, the pressing means is automatically operated at a specified time or every predetermined time. This timer can also be used in combination with the aforementioned sensor.

  In each of these configurations, the pressing means includes a pressing plate (pusher) that can move forward and backward in a direction approaching and moving away from the hole of the receiving member, and the pressing plate is driven by a cylinder. be able to. As this cylinder, for example, an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder that can be used in water can be employed.

  In the present invention, since the upper surface portion of the receiving member is inclined, gravity can be used in the pressing operation by the pressing means, and necessary power can be reduced and efficient crushing can be performed. In addition, since the discharge is restricted by the receiving member from the upper surface portion side toward the lower surface portion side, the compression effect on the lump is high, and the number of times of pressing by the pressing means (the number of times of advancement / retraction) can be reduced.

Cross-sectional view of one embodiment (A) is a state in which the pressing means is retracted, (b) is an enlarged view of a main part showing a state in which the pressing means is advanced.

  The present invention relates to a lump (coal ash lump etc.) contained in slag (combustion ash such as coal ash; hereinafter referred to as combustion ash) D discharged from a combustion apparatus such as a coal gasifier in a power plant or the like. Is a combustion ash lump crusher M used for crushing.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the combustion ash D generated by burning fuel such as coal is put into the chute 20 of the slag hopper 8. The inside of the chute 20 is filled with water, and the combustion ash D falls with the water from the lower opening 21 of the chute 20 while being cooled with water. Here, reference numeral 6 in FIG. 1 denotes a furnace body of the combustion apparatus, reference numeral 7 denotes a pressure vessel, and reference numeral 9 denotes an outlet of the slag hopper 8.

  The combustion ash D dropped from the lower opening 21 of the chute 20 falls on the receiving member 1 and the frame 11 of the combustion ash lump crusher M.

  The receiving member 1 includes an inclined upper surface portion 2. A gantry 11 is provided adjacent to the lower end side of the upper surface portion 2, that is, adjacent to the skirt side of the receiving member 1, and is inclined in a reverse gradient to the upper surface portion 2. The receiving member 1 and the gantry 11 are fixed to the slag hopper 8 with a frame F.

  The receiving member 1 has a large number of holes 5 penetrating between the upper surface portion 2 and the lower surface portion 3, and the gantry 11 also has a large number of holes 15 penetrating between the upper surface portion 12 and the lower surface portion 13. doing.

  The receiving member 1 and the gantry 11 are each composed of a plate-like perforated plate. In this embodiment, a lattice-like member obtained by joining shaft-like members in a lattice shape is used as the perforated plate. The space between the lattices of the lattice-like member (the space surrounded by the shaft-like member) becomes the holes 5 and 15 penetrating the front and back of the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11, and the holes 5 and 15 extend over the entire surface. Many are provided.

  That is, each hole 5 and 15 penetrates in the direction (front and back direction) which connects the upper surface parts 2 and 12 and the lower surface parts 3 and 13 in each of the receiving member 1 and the mount frame 11.

  Further, the upper surface portion 2 of the receiving member 1 is provided in a downward gradient toward the center of the lower opening 21 of the chute 20. In this embodiment, the inclination angle is set to 60 degrees, but other angles can be set. In this embodiment, the upper surface portion 12 of the gantry 11 is at an angle orthogonal to the upper surface portion 2 of the receiving member 1.

  The size of each of the holes 5 and 15 of the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11 is a size corresponding to the required particle size of the crushed combustion ash D. Although the sizes of the holes 5 and 15 can be different from each other, they are set to be the same in principle. Therefore, it can be said that the combustion ash D that has passed through the holes 5 and 15 is in a state of being crushed to a desired particle size.

  In this embodiment, a plurality of holes 25 penetrating inside and outside are also provided in the lower part of the chute 20. The configuration of the holes 25 may be the same as the holes 5 and 15 described above. Further, as the member below the chute 20 provided with the hole 25, the same member as the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11 can be adopted.

  A pressing means 10 having a function of approaching and moving away from the upper surface portion 2 of the receiving member 1 is provided on the gantry 11. The pressing means 10 is supported by the frame F.

  The pressing means 10 includes a pressing plate 18 that can advance and retreat in a direction approaching and moving away from the hole 5 of the receiving member 1. The pressing plate 18 presses the combustion ash D and the mass E contained in the combustion ash D. The advancing / retreating direction of the pressing plate 18 is preferably a direction orthogonal to the surface direction of the upper surface portion 2 of the receiving member 1.

  A guide plate 17 is integrally fixed to the pressing plate 18. As the pressing plate 18 connected to the rod 14a of the cylinder 14 advances and retracts, the guide plate 17 also moves together to open and close the lower opening 21 of the chute 20.

  Advancement and retraction of the pressing plate 18 is driven by the cylinder 14. The pressing means 10 such as the cylinder 14 are all disposed in water. As the cylinder 14, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or the like having a function that can be used in water can be employed.

  Explaining the operation of the combustion ash lump crusher M, as shown in FIG. 2A, the combustion ash D including the lump E that has dropped from the chute 20 is first formed between the upper surface portion 2 of the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11. It reaches on the upper surface part 12.

  Of the combustion ash D received by the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11, the finer one than the size of the holes 5, 15 passes through the holes 5, 15 and falls downward. Further, the combustion ash D remaining in the chute 20 that is finer than the size of the hole 25 passes through the hole 25 and falls downward.

  At this time, the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11 may be vibrated by the vibrating means. The combustion ash D that has fallen through the holes 5, 15, and 25 is discharged together with water through the discharge port 9 of the slag hopper 8.

  On the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11, the combustion ash D that has not passed through the holes 5, 15, 25 contains a large amount of mass E. The combustion ash D containing these lump bodies E falls to the trough 4 between the receiving member 1 and the gantry 11 by its own weight.

  That is, the combustion ash D including the mass E that has not passed through the holes 5, 15, and 25 falls along the upper surface portions 2 and 12 and reaches the valley portion 4. In the valley 4, the combustion ash D containing a large amount of the block E stays.

  When the pressing plate 18 presses the lump 4 of the valley 4 toward the hole 5, the lump E is crushed to a size that can pass through the hole 5. Since the pressing means 10 is disposed to face the upper surface portion 2 of the receiving member 1, the pressing plate 18 presses the lump E toward the hole 5, so that the hole 5 can be used without using a sharp blade. It is possible to efficiently crush and crush at the edge of. Fragments of the crushed block E fall downward from the holes 5 and 15.

  Thus, since the pressing direction with respect to the lump E at the time of crushing turns downward toward the upper surface portion 2 of the receiving member 1, gravity can be used during the pressing operation, and crushing can be performed efficiently. Moreover, since the discharge | emission restriction | limiting is made from the upper surface part 2 side to the lower surface part 3 side by the hole 5 of the receiving member 1, the compression effect with respect to the lump E is high, and it can crush efficiently in water.

  Further, by performing crushing using the pressing means 10 obliquely downward in water, even in the case of one cylinder 14 as in this embodiment, it can be efficiently crushed to a desired size with a single press. Can do. A single cylinder 14 is economical in terms of design, manufacturing, and running costs.

  Furthermore, by adopting underwater compression crushing for the lattice-like member (perforated plate), it is possible to expect an effect that the block E is not easily clogged in the crushing zone. This is because the distribution of the holes 5 and 15 extends over a wide range along the surface direction of the upper surface portions 2 and 12. Even if a part of the block E is clogged in the holes 5 and 15, it can be pushed out to the lower surface portions 3 and 13 side by the next pressing of the pressing plate 18 that repeats advancing and retreating.

  In this embodiment, the trough 4 is provided with a sensor 16 having a function of detecting the presence or absence of the block E. As the sensor 16, for example, an optical sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a contact sensor, or the like can be employed.

For example, if the sensor 16 detects that there is an object at that position, the object is a block E that cannot pass through the holes 5 and 15, and therefore a signal indicating that the block E is present in the valley 4 is transmitted. When an object cannot be detected, it can be configured not to send a signal.
A control means (not shown) can automatically operate the rod 14a of the cylinder 14 of the pressing means 10 by a signal from the sensor 16.

  That is, the control means that has received a signal that there is a mass E in the valley 4 operates the rod 14a of the cylinder 14 and advances the pressing plate 18 toward the member 1 side. The lump E is pressed toward the receiving member 1 by the advance of the pressing plate 18. When the pressing is finished, the rod 14a is retracted and the pressing plate 18 is also retracted. At this time, if a signal indicating that the block E is present in the valley 4 is continuously transmitted, the advancement / retraction is further continued and the advancement / retraction is performed until the signal transmission is stopped.

  Instead of or in addition to the control by the sensor 16, the pressing means 10 can be provided with a timer. That is, by the function of the timer, the rod 14a of the cylinder 14 of the pressing means 10 is automatically advanced and retracted at a specified time or at regular intervals.

  In this embodiment, the lattice member is used as the member around the lower opening 21 of the receiving member 1, the gantry 11, and the chute 20 (the member in which the hole 25 is provided), but other than the lattice member, for example, punching Metal etc. can also be adopted.

  Further, in this embodiment, the holes 15 and 25 are provided in the members around the lower opening 21 of the gantry 11 and the chute 20, but the configuration in which the hole 15 in the gantry 11 is omitted, the configuration in which the hole 25 in the chute 20 is omitted, and the gantry It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which both the eleven holes 15 and the holes 25 of the chute 20 are omitted.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Receiving member 2,12 Upper surface part 3,13 Lower surface part 4 Valley part 5,15,25 Hole 6 Furnace main body 7 Pressure vessel 8 Slag hopper 9 Outlet 10 Pressing means 11 Mount 14 Cylinder 14a Cylinder rod 16 Sensor 17 Guide plate 18 Press Plate 20 Chute 21 Lower opening D Slag (combustion ash (coal ash))
E lump (coal ash lump)
M combustion ash lump crusher

Claims (3)

A chute (20) into which slag (D) generated in the furnace of the combustion apparatus is charged, a receiving member (1) provided below the chute (20), and an inclined upper surface of the receiving member (1) Pressing means (10) having a function of approaching and separating from above toward the portion (2), and the receiving member (1) penetrates between the upper surface portion (2) and the lower surface portion (3). Having a plurality of holes (5), the receiving member (1) and the pressing means (10) are disposed in water;
The pressing means (10) is a lump (E) that has not passed through the hole (5) of the receiving member (1) among the slag (D) that has fallen from the lower opening (21) of the chute (20). The slag crusher characterized by crushing to the magnitude | size which can pass the said hole (5) of the said receiving member (1) by pressing toward the said receiving member (1).   Adjacent to the skirt side of the receiving member (1) is provided with a gantry (11) inclined in a reverse gradient with respect to the upper surface (2). The gantry (11) comprises an upper surface (12) and a lower surface (13). ), And the pressing means (10) includes the holes (15) of the gantry (11) out of the slag (D) dropped from the lower opening (21). The slag crusher according to claim 1, wherein the block (E) that has not passed through is pressed toward the receiving member (1).   The chute (20) has a plurality of holes (25) penetrating inside and outside at the lower part thereof, and the slag (D) passing through the hole (25) of the chute (20) passes through the lower opening (21). The slag crusher according to claim 1, wherein the slag crusher falls downward without going through.

Images