JP2014164029A - Vascular model production apparatus, vascular model production method and vascular model - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a vascular model imitating a human vasculature with a sense of incision and stitching, and an apparatus for creating the model.
Based on the vascular shape stored in the storage device 2, by discharging polyvinyl alcohol while relatively moving the nozzle 4 position and the table 5 position, the same shape as an actual human vascular vessel is obtained. Create a vascular model with similar physical properties such as elasticity. Also disclosed is a vascular model manufacturing apparatus in which the nozzle shape is devised to create a multi-layer vascular model.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a vascular model manufacturing apparatus, a manufacturing method, and a vascular model for manufacturing a vascular model for practice.

  Among surgeons' operations, it is said that insertion of a stent graft into an aneurysm, excision of a vessel, and suture operation are very difficult operations that require skilled techniques. Therefore, surgeons, residents, medical students, etc. need to practice surgery using a vascular model in order to acquire skills.

  In addition, since the shape of the aneurysm varies depending on the patient and some of them have complicated shapes, a vascular model having the same shape of the aneurysm prior to the actual stent graft insertion is used in advance. It is desirable to confirm the insertion method and the like. This is because the vascular wall of a patient who develops an aneurysm is weak, so that it is vulnerable to mechanical impact and may be ruptured even with a slight impact.

  Furthermore, the lymphatic suture for the purpose of treating lymphedema requires a very advanced technique because the lymphatic vessel is as thin as about 0.3 to 5 mm and has low elasticity.

WO2010 / 007801 JP 2011-8213 A JP 2011-253060 A

  Conventionally, a vascular model has been proposed for vascular resection, suturing, and practice of stent graft insertion for aneurysms.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a simulated blood vessel having a stenosis portion close to a diseased blood vessel. The blood vessel portion is a blood vessel simulating the stenosis by using a polymer material such as silicone and the stenosis using a mixed material such as calcium carbonate and silicone.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a blood vessel model containing polyvinyl alcohol and silica particles, and also discloses a method of manufacturing a blood vessel model for practice of stent graft insertion for an aneurysm.

  However, these models do not produce the same shape as the aneurysm of each patient, and the elasticity is higher than that of human blood vessels. It was pointed out by a surgeon.

  An object of the present invention is to manufacture a vascular model having elasticity and incision feeling closer to those of the human body, and to provide a vascular model suitable for vascular surgeons and cardiac surgeons to practice techniques. It is said.

  Blood vessels are roughly divided into arteries and veins, and their elasticity is greatly different. In addition, lymphatic vessels are less elastic than blood vessels, and many are thin. As described above, since the physical properties of the blood vessels are greatly different depending on the type, the senses given to the surgeon such as “feeling of incision” and “feeling of suturing” are slightly different. The vasculature usually has a three-layer structure consisting of an inner membrane, a middle membrane, and an outer membrane, each having different physical properties such as elasticity. To date, there has been no vascular model having such vascular physical properties, and it has been desired to produce a vascular model that is closer to the human vasculature for a surgeon to practice a technique.

  In addition, not only a sense of incision and the like given to the surgeon, but also a vascular model having the same shape as a lesion such as an aneurysm of an actual patient has been desired. Because aneurysms vary in shape from patient to patient, the risk of surgery can be reduced by confirming procedures such as stent graft insertion using the same lesion model prior to actual surgery. is there.

  The present inventors previously invented and disclosed “a three-dimensional viscoelastic structure manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method” (Patent Document 3). This is a device for producing a model of a living soft tissue including a blood vessel. However, in order to make the device suitable for creating a blood vessel model, further improvements were made and the blood vessel model producing device of the present invention was completed. By using the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, physical properties such as elasticity can be approximated to a human vasculature, and a vascular vessel having a lesioned part of an individual patient can be easily created. It becomes possible.

  The present invention is an apparatus for manufacturing a vascular model based on two-dimensional tomographic data, a storage device for storing the acquired two-dimensional tomographic data, a container for storing liquid polyvinyl alcohol, and discharging polyvinyl alcohol. A nozzle for modeling while discharging the vascular model, a connecting pipe for connecting the container and the nozzle, a table for holding a vascular model formed by polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle, and the table A cooling device that cools the vascular model held in the storage device, and based on the two-dimensional tomographic data stored in the storage device, the movement adjustment mechanism that relatively moves the nozzle and the table, The polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle is shaped into a desired shape.

  With the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, a vascular model having the same shape as a patient's lesion can be created based on the acquired two-dimensional tomographic data of the lesion such as an aneurysm of an actual patient. .

  Further, in the present invention, a model having a similar incision feeling, stitching feeling, and the like can be manufactured by using polyvinyl alcohol as a material for creating a vascular model and adjusting the concentration thereof.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the nozzle is provided in the vicinity of a cooling device and includes a heater for heating the nozzle.

  The heated liquid polyvinyl alcohol cannot be kept in a desired shape unless it is solidified immediately after lamination, and therefore the nozzle portion needs to be arranged close to the cooling device filled with the refrigerant. Therefore, the nozzle portion is exposed to a low temperature, and polyvinyl alcohol is solidified and may not be discharged from the nozzle. By arranging a heater in the nozzle portion, it becomes possible to keep polyvinyl alcohol at a constant temperature suitable for modeling.

  Further, the present invention is a liquid refrigerant in which the cooling device is brought into contact with the vascular model, and is connected to a movement adjusting mechanism for moving the table and the nozzle relatively, and is formed on the upper surface of the vascular model to be layered. A refrigerant level adjustment mechanism for adjusting the liquid level position of the refrigerant is provided.

  In order to create a vascular shape using heated and liquid polyvinyl alcohol, it is necessary to cool and solidify immediately while discharging polyvinyl alcohol into a desired shape from a nozzle. This is because if solidification takes time, dripping occurs due to gravity and the shape changes, and the desired shape is not obtained. In order to prevent this, the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes a mechanism for adjusting the refrigerant level so that the discharged polyvinyl alcohol is immediately solidified.

  Further, the refrigerant level adjusting mechanism of the present invention is performed by supplying a refrigerant with a refrigerant supply device.

  By adjusting the refrigerant position with the refrigerant supply device, it is possible to adjust so that the formation position of the layered vascular model and the refrigerant level are the same.

  Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that the vascular model discharged from the nozzle is cooled by liquefied carbon dioxide gas immediately after lamination.

  Since the vascular model discharged from the nozzle cannot be formed into a desired shape unless it is immediately solidified, it must be cooled rapidly after discharge. Therefore, the liquefied carbon dioxide gas is sprayed immediately below the nozzle hole to rapidly cool and solidify.

  The vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention can also manufacture a multi-layered vascular model. In this case, the container is a container for storing two or three polyvinyl alcohol solutions having different concentrations. The nozzle includes discharge holes for discharging 2 or 3 different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol, and the polyvinyl alcohol solutions of 2 or 3 different concentrations are connected to the discharge holes of the nozzle from the container by connecting pipes, respectively. The discharge holes of the nozzles are connected so as to discharge polyvinyl alcohol solutions having different concentrations so as to form concentric circles in the cross section of the vascular model.

  An actual vessel has a multilayer structure composed of an inner membrane, a middle membrane, and an outer membrane, which have different physical properties such as elasticity. In order to create a blood vessel that simulates this, nozzle discharge holes are arranged so that different polyvinyl alcohol concentrations are concentrically arranged in a two-layer or three-layer multilayer structure, and a multilayer structure composed of polyvinyl alcohol having different concentrations. Produce a vascular model. By adopting a multilayer structure, it is possible to provide a model that has a feeling of incision and stitching closer to a human vessel.

  Also, when actually sewing, only the intima of the vessel is sutured, but by using a vascular model consisting of two or more layers, it is possible to practice a technique that is closer to that when using an actual vessel. Can be done.

  The vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the container is connected to a pressure device, and a polyvinyl alcohol solution is pressed out to the nozzle portion.

  By using a pressure device connected to the container, polyvinyl alcohol can be discharged at a constant pressure, and the vascular model can be laminated in a desired shape. Since the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol varies depending on the concentration and temperature, the polyvinyl alcohol can be discharged from the nozzle at a constant speed and laminated in a desired shape by adjusting the pressure of the pressure device.

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a vascular model, in which a polyvinyl alcohol solution having a concentration selected based on a physical property of a vascular vessel is stored in a container, and a storage medium is provided from a nozzle connected to the container by a connecting pipe. Based on the two-dimensional tomographic data stored in the table, the relative position between the nozzle holding the vascular model and the nozzle is adjusted to discharge and shape polyvinyl alcohol into a desired shape.

  The inventors changed the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol, manufactured a vascular model, measured the bulk modulus, and established an appropriate concentration as a vascular model. This makes it possible to manufacture a vascular model suitable for each of arteries, veins, and lymph vessels.

  Furthermore, the vascular model of the present invention is a vascular model manufactured from polyvinyl alcohol sol, and the artery is 8 to 20% by weight, the vein is 8 to 15% by weight, depending on the physical properties of the simulated blood vessel. The lymphatic vessels are characterized by selecting a polyvinyl alcohol concentration in the concentration range of 6-13% by weight.

  It is well known that the physical properties of a blood vessel, such as elasticity, vary depending on the type of vessel, such as an artery or vein. The present inventors have found that by adjusting the polyvinyl alcohol concentration, the physical properties of the blood vessel can be simulated, and the concentration range has been established. An appropriate polyvinyl alcohol concentration range could be determined as a model of arteries, veins, etc. by measuring bulk elastic modulus and evaluating by a doctor. Thereby, although it is a single material, the physical property which resembles various vascular vessels can be simulated.

The structure of the vascular model manufacturing apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention is shown. (A) The part containing the nozzle part and cooling device of the vascular model apparatus of Embodiment 2 of this invention is shown. (B) The cross-sectional view of the cooling device, and the positional relationship between the nozzle part and the liquefied carbon dioxide jet outlet are schematically shown. The example of the vascular model created with the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of this invention is shown. (A) The external appearance of the nozzle which creates the multilayer vascular model of this invention, (B) The cross section of a nozzle tip is shown. The relationship between the volume modulus of elasticity of the vascular model produced by this invention and polyvinyl alcohol concentration is shown.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an outline of the configuration of the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the vascular model manufacturing apparatus 1 uses a control unit 3 to change the nozzle position based on data stored in a storage device 2 that stores two-dimensional tomographic data acquired by MRI or CT scan. And controls the operation of the cooling mechanism. The controller 3 discharges polyvinyl alcohol from the nozzle 4 while relatively moving the nozzle 4 and the table 5, solidifies the polyvinyl alcohol below a predetermined solidification temperature by the refrigerant in the cooling device 6, and performs a desired pulse. It creates the structure of the tube.

  In creating a vascular model, first, two-dimensional tomographic image data to be formed from individual patients is acquired and stored in the storage device 2. As the two-dimensional tomographic image data, data taken by a known technique such as MRI or CT scan can be used.

  Based on the two-dimensional tomographic image data stored in the storage device 2, a pseudo vascular model having the same shape as a lesion such as a patient's vascular vessel or aneurysm is created. The controller 4 adjusts the relative positional relationship between the nozzle 4 and the table 5 so that the polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle 4 becomes the same as the vascular shape stored in the storage device 2. To discharge polyvinyl alcohol.

  The nozzle 4 and the table 5 need only be able to move relative to each other in accordance with the shape of the vessel to be formed, and either the nozzle 4 or the table 5 or both of them can be moved three-dimensionally. It is possible.

  FIG. 1 illustrates a case where the table 5 is a two-dimensional movable table of the X axis and the Y axis, and the nozzle 4 is movable in the Z axis direction. Arms connected to the movable axis X7, the movable axis Y8, and the nozzles at the lower part of the table 5 so that the table 5 can move relative positions of the X axis and the Y axis in accordance with a table control signal from the control unit 3. A movable axis Z10 that can move the portion 9 up and down is provided. The movable mechanism may use a known technique such as a servo mechanism.

  The insulated polyvinyl alcohol is discharged from the PVA container 11 to the nozzle 4 by the compressor 12. The pressure of polyvinyl alcohol is adjusted by the output of the compressor 12 and the electromagnetic valve 14 while being monitored by the pressure gauge 13.

  The cooling device 6 is filled with a refrigerant so that the discharged polyvinyl alcohol is immediately cooled and solidified. A carbon dioxide gas cylinder 15 is connected to the cooling device 6 so that the cooling device can be cooled to a constant temperature.

  FIG. 2A shows the upper portion of the table 5a, the cooling device 6a, and the nozzle 4a of the vascular manufacturing apparatus of the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the nozzle 4 a is connected to a PVA container 11 a that stores polyvinyl alcohol by a connecting pipe 16. Heaters 17 and 18 can be provided in the nozzle 4a and / or the container 11a. The heaters 17 and 18 maintain a predetermined temperature so that the polyvinyl alcohol does not solidify before the vascular model is formed on the table 5a by the cooling device 6a. Further, if necessary, a heater may be provided not only in the nozzle 4a and the PVA container 11a but also in the connection pipe 16, and heated. Specifically, it is preferable to adjust the temperature by the heaters 17 and 18 so that the temperature range of polyvinyl alcohol can be maintained at 30 to 70 ° C. when being discharged from the nozzle 4a.

  The heaters 17 and 18 receive a heating signal from the control unit 3a and perform heating so that the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol is optimal for modeling. Further, a temperature sensor may be provided in the PVA nozzle 4a to detect a temperature of polyvinyl alcohol, and a mechanism for feedback controlling the heaters 17 and 18 according to the detected temperature may be provided.

  The nozzle 4a has a structure in which the tip portion is narrowed, and is configured to discharge polyvinyl alcohol from the tip portion with high positional accuracy. The amount of polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle 4a is adjusted by an opening / closing signal output from the control unit 3a to the electromagnetic valve 19 provided between the PVA container 11a and the nozzle 4a and a supply control signal to the pressure device 20. . The range of the injection pressure when the polyvinyl alcohol is injected from the nozzle 4a is in the range of 0 to 0.2 MPa, and is adjusted to a suitable pressure according to the viscosity of the polyvinyl alcohol. The higher the polyvinyl alcohol with higher viscosity, the higher the injection pressure is required.

  The pressure device 20 that applies the injection pressure to polyvinyl alcohol can employ a pressure device using a pump or gas in addition to the compressor.

  Based on the shape of the vessel stored in the storage device 2a, polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle 4a is laminated on the support plate 21 in the cooling device 6a to form a vessel model. By laminating on the support plate 21, the vascular model after lamination can be taken out together with the support plate 21, so that it is easy to handle.

  The polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle 4a is heated and in a liquid state, but after being laminated in a desired shape on the table, the vascular model needs to be immediately solidified by the refrigerant. This is because, if it takes time to solidify, liquid polyvinyl alcohol causes dripping downward due to gravity, and thus does not have a desired shape.

  In order to immediately solidify the polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle 4a on the table, it is preferable to use a liquid refrigerant. The cooling device 6a is kept at a constant temperature by the refrigerant.

  If the polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle 4a is not immediately cooled and solidified, the polyvinyl alcohol hangs down due to gravity and cannot be formed into a desired shape. If the nozzle 4a is too close to the refrigerant or the nozzle contacts the refrigerant, the polyvinyl alcohol is solidified in the nozzle 4a and cannot be discharged from the nozzle 4a. Therefore, the positional relationship of the nozzle 4a with respect to the refrigerant is very important and must be strictly controlled so as to be about 0.1 to 2 mm.

  FIG. 2B schematically shows the positional relationship between the cooling device 6a, the nozzle portion, and the liquefied carbon dioxide jet outlet. The cooling device 6 a includes an outer layer 22, an intermediate layer 23, and an inner layer 24. The outer layer 22 is made of a material having good heat retention, for example, a heat insulating material such as foamed polystyrene, and the intermediate layer 23 and the inner layer 24 are made of a material such as a metal having good heat conductivity.

  Moreover, it is necessary to adjust so that the liquid level position of the refrigerant | coolant 25 may come to the upper surface of the vascular model 26 by which lamination | stacking modeling is carried out with lamination | stacking of polyvinyl alcohol. This is because the layered vascular model 26 needs to be cooled and solidified immediately. The liquid level position of the refrigerant 25 can be adjusted by increasing the refrigerant 25 by supplying the refrigerant 25 from a refrigerant tank (not shown) to the cooling device 6a by a pump. In addition, a position adjusting unit that is movable up and down is provided in the cooling device 6a, and the refrigerant 25 is being formed by lowering the vascular model 26 downward along with the formation of the vascular model 26 while maintaining a constant amount. The relationship between the upper surface of the vascular model 26 and the liquid level position of the refrigerant 25 may be adjusted. The refrigerant may be in the range of 0 to -50 ° C.

  The liquid level position of the refrigerant 25 and the position of the upper surface of the vascular model 26 can be measured and adjusted using a sensor. Moreover, it is also possible to estimate from the shape of the vessel to be modeled stored in the storage device 2a and adjust the liquid level.

  Moreover, liquefied carbon dioxide gas is sprayed at 1 MPa to 30 MPa on the laminated vascular model directly under the nozzle. The vascular model 26 is cooled by the refrigerant 25 and rapidly solidified by liquefied carbon dioxide. Since it is rapidly solidified by the refrigerant 25 and liquefied carbon dioxide, the vascular model can be laminated in a desired shape.

  When the formation is completed to the end, the cooling of the vascular model 26 by the refrigerant 25 is finished, and the formed vascular model 26 is returned to room temperature. A vascular model 26 made of polyvinyl alcohol formed at room temperature has properties very similar to the physical properties of human vasculature.

  An example of a vascular model actually formed is shown in FIG. By using the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to easily create a vascular model having a complicated shape. FIG. 3A shows a branched vessel model having a diameter of 4 mm. FIG. 3B is a simulation of an aneurysm. Both are manufactured based on the actual blood vessel shape.

  Furthermore, if the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is used, it is also possible to manufacture a spherical model in which a partition wall is provided in FIG. 3C. The right side of FIG. 3C shows a perspective view of the spherical model of the left side of FIG. 3C shown in the photograph, and has a spherical shape with a partition wall at the center. Thus, a model having a desired shape can be manufactured by using the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. Therefore, it is possible to form a complicated shape having a hollow partition wall, such as a heart model.

  In addition, in order to obtain a model that more closely approximates the actual vascular structure, it is necessary to use a multi-layered vascular model. When a vessel is sutured, only the inner membrane located on the innermost side of the vessel is sutured, but physical properties such as elasticity are different between the inner membrane, the media and the outer membrane. Therefore, in order to practice stitching, if the vascular model has a multilayer structure, at least a two-layer structure having an inner layer imitating physical properties on the inner membrane to be stitched, the stitching feeling is more approximate.

  FIG. 4 (A) schematically shows a container and a nozzle portion for making a two-layer structure. In order to create a two-layer vascular model, polyvinyl alcohol having different concentrations for the inner membrane and for the middle membrane or outer membrane are prepared and stored in the containers 11b and 11c, respectively. Although not shown, the containers 11b and 11c and the nozzle 4b can be kept at a constant temperature by providing a heater as in FIG. Moreover, the structure which can inject polyvinyl alcohol, such as a pump and a solenoid valve, is provided.

  FIG. 4B shows the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle 4b having a triple tube structure. Different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol are conveyed to the nozzle 4b by connecting pipes 16b and 16c shown in FIG. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4B, the inner hole of the nozzle has such a shape that polyvinyl alcohol having different concentrations can be discharged separately.

  The connecting tube 16c is connected to the central tube hole 27, and the connecting tube 16b is connected to the outer tube hole 28, and the nozzle 4b is filled with polyvinyl alcohol. Each of the tube holes 27 and 28 is branched into a donut shape at the lower portion, and concentric openings 29 and 30 are formed at the tip of the nozzle. With this structure, polyvinyl alcohol having a concentration that can simulate physical properties such as elasticity of the inner membrane is ejected from the inner opening 29, and the physical properties of the middle film or outer membrane are simulated from the outer opening 30. Polyvinyl alcohol is discharged from the nozzle hole.

  The polyvinyl alcohol having different concentrations is discharged from the adjacent nozzle holes, and the boundary between the two discharge holes of the nozzle is formed so as to be very thin. Adhere closely to form a vascular shape.

  The nozzle of this structure is for manufacturing a vascular model having a constant thickness. By changing the nozzle diameter, it is possible to manufacture a two-layered vascular vessel having various diameters, which is very suitable for creating a large amount of vascular models for performing vascular suturing practice.

  In the case of creating a three-layered vascular model, the three container and nozzle discharge holes may be configured to be triple.

  In addition, since the physical properties such as elasticity of the blood vessels are different between the artery and the vein, different stitching feelings and incision feelings are given to the operator. In order to reproduce this, for example, polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average molecular weight of about 92,000, a weight average molecular weight of about 106,000, and a polymerization degree of 1,800 is used. By using 8 to 15% by weight and 6 to 13% by weight in the case of lymphatic vessels, it is possible to produce a vascular vessel that gives a feeling such as a suturing feeling similar to a human vascular vessel.

  The concentration range of the polyvinyl alcohol varies depending on the average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol used, etc., but the elastic modulus of the created vascular model is measured, or the operator is actually evaluated to obtain the optimum concentration range. There is a need.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the polyvinyl alcohol concentration and the bulk modulus. Depending on the presence or absence of disease, age, etc., the elastic modulus of the vasculature varies, but the volume elastic modulus of the measured human artery is about 70 kPa (indicated by ● in FIG. 5). Also. Veins have a lower modulus of elasticity than arteries, and lymph vessels have a lower modulus of elasticity. In FIG. 5, the shaded portion indicates the range of the bulk modulus of a human artery that has not undergone arteriosclerosis.

  Therefore, in the case of a blood vessel that simulates an artery, polyvinyl alcohol having a concentration of about 11 to 15% may be used. Actually, with regard to the vascular model created at each concentration, a plurality of doctors were asked to use it as a simulated vascular used for suturing an artery for suturing practice, and the incision feeling and suturing feeling were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

As an evaluation.

  From these results, it is preferable to produce an arterial blood vessel model with 8 to 20% by weight in the case of an artery, but when producing a blood vessel model without arteriosclerosis, 10 to 15% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol is used. As a result, it was possible to obtain a doctor's evaluation that the feeling of incision and stitching resembled that of a human artery.

  In addition, a vascular model is produced at a concentration of 8 to 15% by weight for veins, more preferably 8 to 13% by weight, and 6 to 13% by weight for lymphatic vessels, more preferably 6 to 11% by weight. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a feeling model similar to that of a human blood vessel.

  In the arterial model prepared with the polyvinyl alcohol concentration previously obtained from the bulk modulus, it was evaluated that both the incision feeling and the suturing feeling were approximate.

  Similarly, a vein model and a lymph vessel model can be prepared by changing the polyvinyl alcohol concentration, evaluated by a doctor, and an appropriate concentration range can be determined.

  By using the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to create vascular models of various shapes. Therefore, a vascular model having the same shape as the lesioned part of the patient can be created and the stent graft insertion method and the like can be confirmed in advance.

  In addition, since a vascular model having a two-layer structure or a three-layer structure can be created, it is possible to practice stitching using a model closer to an actual vascular structure.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a ... Vascular model manufacturing apparatus 2, 2a ... Memory | storage device 3, 3a ... Control part 4, 4a, 4b ... Nozzle 11, 11, 11a, 11b, 11c ... Container, 5, 5a ... Table, 17, 18 ... Heater

Claims (9)

An apparatus for producing a vascular model based on two-dimensional tomographic data,
A storage device for storing the acquired two-dimensional tomographic data;
A container for liquid polyvinyl alcohol;
A nozzle that discharges polyvinyl alcohol and forms a vascular model,
A connecting pipe connecting the container and the nozzle;
A table for holding a vascular model formed by polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle;
A cooling device for cooling the vascular model held on the table;
A nozzle position adjusting mechanism that relatively moves the nozzle and the table based on the two-dimensional tomographic data stored in the storage device;
An apparatus for manufacturing a vascular model, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol discharged from the nozzle is shaped into a desired shape. The vascular model manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1,
An apparatus for manufacturing a vascular model, wherein the nozzle is provided in proximity to a cooling device, and includes a heater for heating the nozzle. In the vascular model manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The cooling device is filled with a liquid refrigerant brought into contact with the vascular model,
A vascular model manufacturing system comprising a refrigerant level adjusting mechanism for adjusting a liquid level position of a refrigerant on an upper surface of a vascular model to be layered while interlocking with a movement adjusting mechanism for relatively moving a table and a nozzle. apparatus. In the vascular model manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3,
2. The vascular model manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant level adjusting mechanism is performed by supplying a refrigerant with a refrigerant supply device. In the vascular model manufacturing apparatus of any one of Claims 1-4,
The vascular model manufacturing apparatus characterized in that the vascular model discharged from the nozzle is cooled by liquefied carbon dioxide immediately after lamination. The vascular model manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The container is a container for storing two or three different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol solutions;
The nozzle includes discharge holes for discharging 2 or 3 different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol,
The two or three different concentration polyvinyl alcohol solutions are connected by connecting pipes so as to be connected from the container to the discharge holes of the nozzle, respectively.
A vessel for producing a multi-layered vascular model, characterized in that the discharge holes of the nozzles are arranged to discharge polyvinyl alcohol solutions having different concentrations so as to form concentric circles in the cross section of the vascular model. Model manufacturing equipment. The vascular model manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1,
The container is connected to a pressure device;
An apparatus for producing a vascular model, wherein a polyvinyl alcohol solution is extruded. A method for manufacturing a vascular model,
Store in a container a polyvinyl alcohol solution of a concentration selected based on the physical properties of the vessel,
By adjusting the relative position between the nozzle holding the vascular model and the nozzle based on the two-dimensional tomographic data stored in the storage medium from the nozzle connected to the container by the connection pipe, the polyvinyl chloride is formed into a desired shape. A method of manufacturing a vascular model, characterized by discharging and molding alcohol. A vascular model manufactured by the method for manufacturing a vascular model according to claim 8,
Depending on the physical properties of the simulated vessel, the artery is selected with a concentration range of 8-20% by weight for the arteries, 8-15% by weight for the veins, and 6-13% by weight for the lymph vessels. Tube model.