JP2014151295A - W/o-type emulsion manufacturing method and emulsion manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents
W/o-type emulsion manufacturing method and emulsion manufacturing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005320 surfactant adsorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、反応場として利用でき、長期間分離しない安定した油中水滴型エマルションを製造するためのエマルション製造方法およびエマルション製造装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an emulsion production method and an emulsion production apparatus for producing a stable water-in-oil emulsion that can be used as a reaction field and does not separate for a long period of time.
水とアルカンとのエマルションは産業上大きな役割を果たしている。例えば、燃料費の節減、窒素酸化物や粒子状物質の抑制、および内燃機関から発生するガスがもたらす環境負荷の低減等に利用されている。 Water and alkane emulsions play an important role in the industry. For example, it is used to reduce fuel costs, suppress nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, and reduce the environmental load caused by gas generated from an internal combustion engine.
ところで、近年、環境負荷の少ない系を構築することが特に求められている。このような求めに対して、エマルションを反応場として利用することが考えられる。水とアルカンの油中水滴型のエマルションにおいて、水粒子の界面が、界面活性剤の安定な分子膜で構成されていれば、水粒子を安定な微小反応場として利用することができる。この反応場の作製に多くの研究がなされているが、未だ成功例が提供されていないのが実情である。 Incidentally, in recent years, it has been particularly demanded to construct a system with a low environmental load. For such a demand, it is conceivable to use an emulsion as a reaction field. In a water-in-oil emulsion of water and alkane, water particles can be used as a stable microreaction field if the interface of water particles is composed of a stable molecular film of a surfactant. Much research has been done on the creation of this reaction field, but the fact is that no successful example has been provided yet.
また、従来の技術においては、水とアルカンのエマルション作製時に界面活性剤を補助的に使用して、水の表面張力を下げ、エマルション化を図っている。しかし、エマルションの安定化には程遠い。 In the prior art, a surfactant is supplementarily used in the preparation of an emulsion of water and alkane to lower the surface tension of water and to make an emulsion. However, it is far from stabilizing the emulsion.
さらに、アルカンと水との混合比や界面活性剤の濃度によっては、油中水滴型のエマルションの中に水中油滴型が混在する場合があり、これもエマルションの不安定化の一因となっている。 In addition, depending on the mixing ratio of the alkane and water and the concentration of the surfactant, the oil-in-water type may coexist in the water-in-oil type emulsion, which also contributes to destabilization of the emulsion. ing.
そこで本発明は、反応場として利用でき、長期間分離しない安定した油中水滴型エマルションを製造するためのエマルション製造方法およびエマルション製造装置を提供することを目的とする。 Then, this invention aims at providing the emulsion manufacturing method and emulsion manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the stable water-in-oil emulsion which can be utilized as a reaction field and does not isolate | separate for a long period of time.
以上の目的を達成するために、本発明者は、界面活性剤が吸着した薄い水の膜が作る泡の泡膜（しゃぼん膜）が破裂した際に生成する飛沫がアルカンに混入すると油中水滴型のエマルションになるとともに、しゃぼん膜が小さければしゃぼん膜の内部圧力が上がり、破裂時における界面活性剤が吸着した水の飛沫も目視できないほど小さくなることに着目し、鋭利研究を重ねた結果、界面活性剤、水、およびアルカンを含む混合液中に空気を混入しながら撹拌して混合溶液中で泡膜を生成し、得られた泡膜を破膜することにより、反応場として利用でき、長期間分離しない安定した油中水滴型のエマルションを製造できることを見出した、すなわち、本発明は、界面活性剤、水、およびアルカンを含む混合溶液に、空気を混入しながら撹拌して泡膜を発生させる泡膜生成工程、前記泡膜を破膜する破膜工程、および前記泡膜が破膜された混合溶液中の気泡を脱気撹拌する撹拌工程を含む油中水滴型エマルション製造方法である。また、本発明は、界面活性剤、水、およびアルカンを含む混合溶液に、空気を混入しながら撹拌して泡膜を発生させる泡膜生成手段、前記泡膜を破膜する破膜手段、および前記泡膜が破膜された混合溶液中の気泡を脱気撹拌する撹拌手段を含む油中水滴型エマルション製造装置である。 In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor, when the foam generated when the foam film (shabbon film) of the foam formed by the thin water film adsorbed with the surfactant bursts into the alkane, Focusing on the fact that the inner pressure of the scabbard film increases if the stubborn film is small, and the splash of water adsorbed by the surfactant at the time of rupture becomes so small that it can not be visually observed. Stirring while mixing air in a mixed solution containing a surfactant, water, and alkane to form a foam film in the mixed solution, and by breaking the resulting foam film, it can be used as a reaction field. It was found that a stable water-in-oil emulsion that does not separate for a long period of time can be produced, that is, the present invention stirs a mixed solution containing a surfactant, water, and alkane while mixing air. Production of a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a foam film generating step for generating a foam film, a film breaking step for breaking the foam film, and a stirring step for degassing and stirring bubbles in the mixed solution in which the foam film is broken. Is the method. Further, the present invention provides a foam film generating means for generating a foam film by mixing with a mixed solution containing a surfactant, water, and alkane while mixing air, a film breaking means for breaking the foam film, and It is a water-in-oil emulsion production apparatus including a stirring means for degassing and stirring bubbles in the mixed solution in which the foam film is broken.
以上のように、本発明によれば、反応場として利用でき、長期間分離しない安定した油中水滴型エマルションを製造するためのエマルション製造方法およびエマルション製造装置を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an emulsion production method and an emulsion production apparatus for producing a stable water-in-oil emulsion that can be used as a reaction field and does not separate for a long period of time.
［エマルション製造方法］
本発明の泡膜生成工程においては、界面活性剤、水、およびアルカンを含む混合溶液中に、空気を混入しながら撹拌して泡膜を生成させる。水としては、水道水を使用することができる。アルカンとしては、不活性疎水溶媒が挙げられ、油が好ましく、油としては、灯油、軽油、およびガソリンが挙げられ、灯油が好ましい。水とアルカンとの混合比は、例えば、燃料用のエマルション製造の場合、容積比で１〜５０：５０とすることができる。反応場としてのエマルション製造の場合は、水とアルカンの混合比は、例えば、容積比で１〜７０：５０とすることができる。
[Emulsion production method]
In the foam film production | generation process of this invention, it stirs, mixing air in the mixed solution containing surfactant, water, and alkane, and produces | generates a foam film. Tap water can be used as the water. Examples of the alkane include an inert hydrophobic solvent, and oil is preferable. Examples of the oil include kerosene, light oil, and gasoline, and kerosene is preferable. For example, in the case of producing an emulsion for fuel, the mixing ratio of water and alkane can be 1 to 50:50 by volume ratio. In the case of producing an emulsion as a reaction field, the mixing ratio of water and alkane can be, for example, 1 to 70:50 by volume.
界面活性剤は、市販品を用いることができる。好ましくは、起泡性に優れたアニオン系の親水基に一価のイオンを有するものと、起泡性があるアニオン系の親水基に二価のイオンを有するものを混合して使用する。親水基に一価のイオンを有するものを単独で使用すると、小さくて粒揃いの泡膜にならない場合がある。そこで、一価より凝集力が十数倍ある二価を混合して使用するのが好ましい。二価は一価より起泡力がないため適量使用する。適量とは、例えば、混合溶液を撹拌した際に粘性が急激に上昇し、その時に生成する泡膜の大きさが２ｍｍ〜３ｍｍ径の粒揃いになり、小泡膜が混合液中に分散する量で、適宜選択すればよい。一価の界面活性剤は、起泡性に優れたアニオン系であれば数種類を混合して使用してもよい。アニオン系の親水基に一価のイオンを有する界面活性剤としては、例えば、アルファオレフィンスルホン酸塩を挙げることができる。アニオン系の親水基に二価のイオンを有する界面活性剤としては、例えば、直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩マグネシウムを挙げることができる。界面活性剤の添加量は、混合溶液の全体の容積の１％〜２％の範囲とすることができる。 A commercially available product can be used as the surfactant. It is preferable to use a mixture of a monovalent ion having an anionic hydrophilic group excellent in foaming properties and a bivalent ion having a foaming anionic hydrophilic group. When a monovalent ion having a hydrophilic group is used alone, it may not be a small and uniform foam film. Therefore, it is preferable to use a mixture of two valences having a cohesive force ten times as much as one valence. The bivalent is used in an appropriate amount because it is less foaming than the monovalent. The appropriate amount is, for example, an amount in which the viscosity rapidly increases when the mixed solution is stirred, the size of the foam film formed at that time is 2 to 3 mm in diameter, and the small foam film is dispersed in the mixed liquid. Therefore, it may be selected as appropriate. A monovalent surfactant may be used in combination of several types as long as it is an anionic type excellent in foaming properties. Examples of the surfactant having a monovalent ion in an anionic hydrophilic group include alpha olefin sulfonate. Examples of the surfactant having a divalent ion in an anionic hydrophilic group include linear alkylbenzene sulfonate magnesium. The addition amount of the surfactant can be in the range of 1% to 2% of the total volume of the mixed solution.
泡膜を生成させるには、界面活性剤、水、およびアルカンを含む混合溶液に空気を混入しながら撹拌させればよい。泡膜とは、界面活性剤が吸着した薄い水の膜が作る泡である。空気の混入方法は特に限定されないが、貫通孔を有する略円盤形状の撹拌翼の貫通孔から空気を取り込むのが好ましい。円盤型撹拌翼を高速回転させると、貫通孔から混合液中に空気が混入し泡膜が生成する。貫通孔の縁から下方に延びる爪で泡膜を細分化することができる。また、円盤型撹拌翼の下面で生成する泡膜同士の衝突や摩擦によっても泡膜が小径化する。さらに、界面活性剤の効果により安定した泡膜が生成する。ただし、一般的なプロペラ式撹拌翼を用いると、泡膜生成は混合溶液面上にフォームができ、重力等の影響で不安定となり消滅することがあるので好ましくない。 In order to generate a foam film, the mixture solution containing a surfactant, water, and alkane may be stirred while air is mixed therein. A foam film is a foam formed by a thin water film adsorbed by a surfactant. The method of mixing air is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to take in air from the through hole of the substantially disk-shaped stirring blade having the through hole. When the disk-type stirring blade is rotated at a high speed, air is mixed into the liquid mixture from the through hole, and a foam film is generated. The foam film can be subdivided with a nail extending downward from the edge of the through hole. In addition, the diameter of the foam film is reduced by the collision or friction between the foam films generated on the lower surface of the disc type stirring blade. Furthermore, a stable foam film is generated by the effect of the surfactant. However, it is not preferable to use a general propeller type stirring blade because foam film formation forms a foam on the mixed solution surface and may become unstable and disappear due to the influence of gravity or the like.
本発明の破膜工程においては、泡膜生成工程において生成した泡膜を破膜する。破膜方法としては、泡膜生成工程で生成した泡膜を含んだ混合溶液を振動体に接触衝突させる方法が好ましい。この場合、振動体への接触の衝撃で泡膜に穴が開き、液圧と泡膜内圧の差によって、穴より泡膜内部の空気が吹き出し、これとともに泡膜が飛沫となり破膜する。すわなち、泡膜がしぶきとなって飛び散る。この時、アルカン中に飛沫が分散して油中水滴のエマルションとなる。吹き出した空気は気泡となるが、この気泡は界面活性剤が吸着した薄い水の膜を持たない単なる空気の泡である。発生した気泡の一部は大気中に、その他はエマルション中に残る。泡膜の破膜時には空気吹き出しと飛沫などにより近隣の泡膜が連鎖破膜する。 In the film breaking process of the present invention, the foam film produced in the foam film producing process is broken. As a film-breaking method, a method in which the mixed solution containing the foam film generated in the foam film generation step is brought into contact with and collides with the vibrating body is preferable. In this case, a hole is opened in the foam film due to the impact of contact with the vibrating body, and the air inside the foam film is blown out from the hole due to the difference between the hydraulic pressure and the internal pressure of the foam film, and the foam film is splashed and broken. In other words, the foam film splashes and scatters. At this time, splashes are dispersed in the alkane to form an emulsion of water-in-oil droplets. The air that is blown out becomes bubbles, but these bubbles are simply air bubbles that do not have a thin water film adsorbed by the surfactant. Some of the generated bubbles remain in the atmosphere and others remain in the emulsion. When the bubble film breaks, adjacent bubble films break due to air blowing and splashing.
本発明の撹拌工程においては、破膜工程後の混合溶液を撹拌する。撹拌の際には、破膜工程において発生した気泡を、プロペラ式撹拌翼を用いて、大気からの空気を巻き込まないようにして、低速回転で脱気するのが好ましい。プロペラ式撹拌翼は、市販品を用いることができる。このような製造方法により、反応場として利用でき、長期間（例えば、１年以上）分離しない安定した油中水滴型エマルションを製造することができる。 In the stirring step of the present invention, the mixed solution after the membrane breaking step is stirred. At the time of stirring, it is preferable to deaerate bubbles generated in the film-breaking step at a low speed by using a propeller-type stirring blade so as not to entrain air from the atmosphere. A commercial item can be used for the propeller type stirring blade. By such a production method, a stable water-in-oil emulsion that can be used as a reaction field and does not separate for a long period of time (for example, 1 year or longer) can be produced.
本発明に係る油中水滴型のエマルションの製造方法によれば、エマルションは、逆ミセルの大型の形態をとる。界面活性剤の分子が水になじみにくい部分（疎水基）を内側にして油を包み込んだ状態はミセル、界面活性剤の親水基を内側にして水を包み込んだ状態は逆ミセルと呼ばれている。油にわずかな水を分散させ、逆ミセルの形態にし、界面活性剤で水を包み込み、その水の中で化学反応を行って微粒子を作る方法を逆ミセル法と呼ぶ。この逆ミセル法を利用して、容易にナノ粒子を生成することができる。しかし、逆ミセル法では、内側に包み込んだ水の中で化合物を分散できない欠点がある。本発明に係る製造方法により得られたエマルションはその欠点を補い、エマルションの内包水には化合物が分散可能であり、水になじみにくい疎水性物質も溶剤に一旦溶かすことで分散可能である。これら物質を分散しても長期間分離せず、安定している。したがって、微粒子の合成や外部エネルギーを付加することにより化学反応を促進させることも可能である。 According to the method for producing a water-in-oil emulsion according to the present invention, the emulsion takes the large form of reverse micelles. The state in which the surfactant molecules encapsulate the oil with the part (hydrophobic group) that is not compatible with water inside is called micelle, and the state in which the hydrophilic group of the surfactant is encased in water is called reverse micelle. . A method of dispersing fine water in oil to form a reverse micelle, enclosing water with a surfactant, and performing a chemical reaction in the water to form fine particles is called a reverse micelle method. Using this reverse micelle method, nanoparticles can be easily generated. However, the reverse micelle method has a drawback that the compound cannot be dispersed in the water enclosed inside. The emulsion obtained by the production method according to the present invention compensates for the drawbacks, and the compound can be dispersed in the water contained in the emulsion, and a hydrophobic substance that is not easily compatible with water can be dispersed once dissolved in the solvent. Even if these substances are dispersed, they do not separate for a long time and are stable. Therefore, it is also possible to promote chemical reaction by synthesizing fine particles or adding external energy.
［エマルション製造装置］
次に、本発明に係るエマルション製造装置の１つの実施形態を、図面を用いて説明する。図１は、エマルション製造装置の模式図である。エマルション製造装置は、泡膜を生成させる泡膜生成槽１０、泡膜を破膜する破膜槽１２、および泡膜が破膜して生成したエマルションに含まれる気泡を撹拌脱気する撹拌槽１４を備える。
[Emulsion production equipment]
Next, one embodiment of an emulsion production apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an emulsion production apparatus. The emulsion production apparatus includes a foam film generation tank 10 for generating a foam film, a film breaker tank 12 for breaking the foam film, and an agitation tank 14 for stirring and degassing bubbles contained in the emulsion formed by the film breakage of the foam film. Is provided.
泡膜生成槽１０は、槽の上部に水、アルカン、および界面活性剤などの混合溶液の原料を投入するための原料投入口１６を備える。泡膜生成槽１０は、上部に撹拌モータ２２を備える。撹拌モータ２２は、泡膜生成槽１０の内部へ垂直に伸びる撹拌軸１８を有し、撹拌軸１８の先端には撹拌翼２０が設置されている。撹拌翼２０は、撹拌モータ２２により回転させることができる。 The foam film production tank 10 is provided with a raw material inlet 16 for introducing raw materials of a mixed solution such as water, alkane, and surfactant at the upper part of the tank. The foam film production tank 10 includes an agitation motor 22 at the top. The agitation motor 22 has an agitation shaft 18 that extends vertically into the foam film production tank 10, and an agitation blade 20 is installed at the tip of the agitation shaft 18. The stirring blade 20 can be rotated by a stirring motor 22.
円盤型撹拌翼２０は、図２および図３に拡大図として示してある。円盤型撹拌翼２０は、略円盤形状の本体部２４を備え、本体部２４の中心に、撹拌軸１８が円盤平面と垂直方向に接続されている。本体部２４には、撹拌軸１８を中心に、３つの貫通孔が等間隔に放射状に配置され、空気導入口２６を形成している。貫通孔の数は、本実施形態においては３つであるが、これに限定されず、任意の数設けることができる。貫通孔は、略矩形であり、円盤外側方向に向かって若干広くなるように構成されている。 The disc type stirring blade 20 is shown as an enlarged view in FIGS. 2 and 3. The disc type stirring blade 20 includes a substantially disc-shaped main body 24, and a stirring shaft 18 is connected to the center of the main body 24 in a direction perpendicular to the disc plane. Three through holes are radially arranged at equal intervals around the stirring shaft 18 in the main body 24 to form an air inlet 26. The number of through holes is three in the present embodiment, but is not limited to this, and an arbitrary number can be provided. The through hole is substantially rectangular and is configured to be slightly wider toward the outer side of the disk.
本体部２４の径方向に延びる貫通孔の径方向に沿った縁辺の１方からは、爪２８が下方に向けて設置されている。爪２８は、本体部２４の平面に対して、下方に約４５度の角度で本体部２４の径方向に沿って、平面視で貫通孔と重なる配置とされ、本体部２４の回転方向と逆方向に延びている。爪の角度は、本実施形態においては約４５度であるが、これに限定されず、適宜、最適な角度を選択することができる。この爪２８により、大気から空気を混合溶液中に送り込み、円盤型撹拌翼２０の回転により泡膜を生成させることができる。 A claw 28 is installed downward from one of the edges along the radial direction of the through hole extending in the radial direction of the main body 24. The claw 28 is arranged so as to overlap the through hole in a plan view along the radial direction of the main body 24 at an angle of about 45 degrees downward with respect to the plane of the main body 24, and is opposite to the rotation direction of the main body 24. Extending in the direction. The nail angle is about 45 degrees in the present embodiment, but is not limited to this, and an optimum angle can be selected as appropriate. With this claw 28, air can be sent into the mixed solution from the atmosphere, and a foam film can be generated by the rotation of the disk-type stirring blade 20.
泡膜生成槽１０の底面には、泡膜を含む混合溶液を排出する排出口３４が備えられている。排出口３４は、移送路３０を介して、破膜槽１２の底面に備えられている導入口３６に接続され、混合溶液を泡膜生成槽１０から破膜槽１２まで送ることができるようになっている。泡膜生成槽１０の底面近傍の移送路３０には、バルブ３２が配置されている。 The bottom surface of the foam film production tank 10 is provided with a discharge port 34 for discharging the mixed solution containing the foam film. The discharge port 34 is connected to an introduction port 36 provided on the bottom surface of the membrane-breaking tank 12 through the transfer path 30 so that the mixed solution can be sent from the foam film generation tank 10 to the film-breaking tank 12. It has become. A valve 32 is disposed in the transfer path 30 near the bottom surface of the foam film generation tank 10.
排出口３４から導入口３６までの移送路３０は、断面が円形の管であることが好ましく、管内の混合溶液が接液する部分の材質は、滑らかで濡れ性の接触角度が大きいものであることがさらに好ましい。このような材質としては、プラスチックが挙げられる。バルブ３２や具備する機器においても、接液する部分の材質は同様である。移送路３０を流動する泡膜を含む混合溶液は、泡膜に界面活性剤吸着の片寄りが生じ、不安定になることがある。また、移送路３０の接液部分の表面が粗かったり、材質の濡れ性接触角度が小さかったりすると、移送壁と混合液との摩擦面が大きくなり移送時に泡膜の破膜が起こる。この時発生する気泡と泡膜の二種類の泡が振動体３８に衝突するので破膜効率を低下させる場合がある。 The transfer path 30 from the discharge port 34 to the introduction port 36 is preferably a tube having a circular cross section, and the material of the portion in contact with the mixed solution in the tube is smooth and has a large wettability contact angle. More preferably. An example of such a material is plastic. In the valve 32 and the equipment to be provided, the material of the portion that comes into contact with the liquid is the same. The mixed solution containing the foam film flowing through the transfer path 30 may be unstable due to the deviation of the surfactant adsorption in the foam film. Further, when the surface of the liquid contact portion of the transfer path 30 is rough or the wettability contact angle of the material is small, the friction surface between the transfer wall and the liquid mixture becomes large, and the bubble film breaks during transfer. Since the two types of bubbles generated at this time, the bubble and the bubble film, collide with the vibrating body 38, the film breaking efficiency may be lowered.
破泡槽１２は、円筒形状であり、その内部に振動体３８を備える。振動体３８は、支軸４２を介して駆動手段４４に接続されており、駆動手段４４により、振動体３８を振動させることができる。振動体３８は、円筒形状であり、下方に気泡接触面４０を備える。気泡接触面４０の面積は、破膜槽１２の底面積よりも若干小さくなっており、気泡接触面４０は、破膜槽１２の底面の上方に、底面と略平行に配置されている。これにより、気泡接触面４０と振動体３８は破膜槽１２の底面との間に略水平方向に流路４６が形成される。流路４６の上下間距離は、振動体３８が少なくとも上下に振動可能な程度あればよい。振動体３８の駆動手段４４は、例えば、電磁振動、超音波振動、およびスピーカーが挙げられる。振動数は、エマルションの製造量やアニオン系の親水基に二価のイオンを有する界面活性剤の添加量などにもよるが、例えば、５０Ｈｚ〜３０ｋＨｚ、振動幅０．５〜３．０ｍｍで振動させることができる。流路４６を混合溶液が通過することで振動体３８に接触して、衝撃を受けて泡膜が破膜し、微少飛沫と気泡とが発生する。微少飛沫はアルカン中に分散され、他方、気泡を含むエマルションが製造される。破膜槽１２の上端には、排出路４８が設けられている。排出路４８は、撹拌槽１４の上端部に接続され、破膜槽１２から混合溶液が撹拌槽１４に移送可能となっている。 The bubble breaking tank 12 has a cylindrical shape and includes a vibrating body 38 therein. The vibrating body 38 is connected to the driving means 44 via the support shaft 42, and the vibrating body 38 can be vibrated by the driving means 44. The vibrating body 38 has a cylindrical shape and includes a bubble contact surface 40 below. The area of the bubble contact surface 40 is slightly smaller than the bottom area of the membrane-breaking tank 12, and the bubble contact surface 40 is disposed substantially parallel to the bottom surface above the bottom surface of the membrane-breaking tank 12. Thereby, the flow path 46 is formed in the substantially horizontal direction between the bubble contact surface 40 and the vibrating body 38 between the bottom surface of the membrane breaking tank 12. The distance between the upper and lower sides of the flow path 46 may be as long as the vibrating body 38 can vibrate at least up and down. Examples of the driving unit 44 of the vibrating body 38 include electromagnetic vibration, ultrasonic vibration, and a speaker. The frequency depends on the production amount of the emulsion and the addition amount of the surfactant having a divalent ion in the anionic hydrophilic group. For example, the vibration frequency is 50 Hz to 30 kHz and the vibration width is 0.5 to 3.0 mm. Can be made. As the mixed solution passes through the flow path 46, it comes into contact with the vibrating body 38, receives an impact, breaks the bubble film, and generates fine droplets and bubbles. The fine droplets are dispersed in the alkane, while an emulsion containing bubbles is produced. A discharge passage 48 is provided at the upper end of the membrane rupture tank 12. The discharge path 48 is connected to the upper end of the stirring tank 14, and the mixed solution can be transferred from the membrane breaking tank 12 to the stirring tank 14.
撹拌槽１４は、上部に低速撹拌モータ５２を備える。撹拌モータ５２は、撹拌槽１４の内部へ垂直に伸びる撹拌軸を有し、撹拌軸の先端にはプロペラ式撹拌翼５０が設置されている。プロペラ式撹拌翼５０は、撹拌モータ５２により回転させ、エマルションに含まれる気泡を脱気することができる。撹拌槽１４の下部には、バルブ５４を備える排出口５６が配置され、得られたエマルション液を取り出すことができる。 The stirring tank 14 includes a low-speed stirring motor 52 at the top. The agitation motor 52 has an agitation shaft that extends vertically into the interior of the agitation tank 14, and a propeller-type agitation blade 50 is installed at the tip of the agitation shaft. The propeller-type stirring blade 50 can be rotated by a stirring motor 52 to degas bubbles contained in the emulsion. A discharge port 56 having a valve 54 is arranged at the lower part of the stirring tank 14, and the obtained emulsion liquid can be taken out.
次に、図１に示されたエマルション製造装置を用いてエマルションを製造する方法について説明する。 Next, a method for producing an emulsion using the emulsion production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
まず、泡膜生成槽１０の原料投入口１６から水、アルカン、および界面活性剤が投入される。原料は、液面が略円盤形の撹拌翼２０の近傍となるまで投入される。原料が投入されるとき、泡膜生成槽１０の底面の排出口３４から原料が破膜槽１２へ流入しないように、バルブ３２は閉じられている。原料投入後、撹拌モータ２２を駆動させ、円盤型撹拌翼２０を回転させる。円盤型撹拌翼２０の回転により、大気の空気を空気導入口２６から取り込み、泡膜を生成させる。 First, water, alkane, and a surfactant are charged from the raw material inlet 16 of the foam film generation tank 10. The raw material is charged until the liquid level reaches the vicinity of the substantially disc-shaped stirring blade 20. When the raw material is charged, the valve 32 is closed so that the raw material does not flow into the membrane-breaking tank 12 from the discharge port 34 on the bottom surface of the foam film generation tank 10. After the raw materials are charged, the stirring motor 22 is driven to rotate the disk-type stirring blade 20. The rotation of the disk-shaped stirring blade 20 takes in atmospheric air from the air inlet 26 and generates a foam film.
円盤型撹拌翼２０の回転と界面活性剤などにより、混合溶液の粘性が上昇する。その上昇を目安に、バルブ３２を開き、泡膜生成槽１０内の混合溶液が破膜槽１２へ送られる。 The viscosity of the mixed solution increases due to the rotation of the disk-type stirring blade 20 and the surfactant. Using the rise as a guide, the valve 32 is opened, and the mixed solution in the foam film production tank 10 is sent to the film breaking tank 12.
破膜槽１２内の混合溶液は、流路４６を流れる。混合溶液中の泡膜は、流路４６を流れる間に浮上して、駆動手段４４によって振動させられている振動体３８に衝突接触して破膜する。この時に界面活性剤が水粒子に吸着した微少飛沫と、破膜時に泡膜と分離した気泡とに分かれる。またこの時点で微少飛沫がアルカンに分散され油中水滴型のエマルションとなる。 The mixed solution in the membrane breaking tank 12 flows through the flow path 46. The bubble film in the mixed solution rises while flowing through the flow path 46 and collides with the vibrating body 38 that is vibrated by the driving means 44 to break the film. At this time, the surfactant is divided into fine droplets adsorbed on the water particles and bubbles separated from the foam film at the time of membrane breakage. At this time, the fine droplets are dispersed in the alkane to form a water-in-oil emulsion.
破膜槽１２に流入した、混合溶液は、破膜して気泡を含むエマルションになり、その後、排出路４８を通って撹拌槽１４に送られる。撹拌槽１４においては、プロペラ式撹拌翼５０によってエマルションが低速撹拌され気泡が大気中に脱気される。これによりエマルションが製造される。製造されたエマルションは、バルブ５４を開き、排出口５６から取り出される。 The mixed solution that has flowed into the membrane-breaking tank 12 is film-breaked into an emulsion containing bubbles, and is then sent to the stirring tank 14 through the discharge path 48. In the stirring tank 14, the emulsion is stirred at a low speed by the propeller-type stirring blade 50, and the bubbles are deaerated into the atmosphere. This produces an emulsion. The manufactured emulsion opens the valve 54 and is taken out from the discharge port 56.
１０ 泡膜生成槽
１２ 破膜槽
１４ 撹拌槽
２０ 円盤型撹拌翼
３８ 振動体
４０ 気泡接触面
４６ 流路
５０ プロペラ式撹拌翼
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Foam film production tank 12 Fracture tank 14 Stirring tank 20 Disc type stirring blade 38 Vibrating body 40 Bubble contact surface 46 Channel 50 Propeller type stirring blade
Claims (8)
前記泡膜を破膜する破膜工程、および
前記泡膜が破膜された混合溶液中の気泡を脱気撹拌する撹拌工程、
を含むことを特徴とする油中水滴型エマルション製造方法。 A foam film generating step of generating a foam film by mixing air containing air with a mixed solution containing a surfactant, water, and alkane,
A film breaking step for breaking the foam film, and a stirring step for degassing and stirring bubbles in the mixed solution in which the bubble film is broken,
A method for producing a water-in-oil emulsion.
前記泡膜を破膜する破膜手段、および
前記泡膜が破膜された混合溶液中の気泡を脱気撹拌する撹拌手段、
を含むことを特徴とする油中水滴型エマルション製造装置。 A foam film generating means for generating a foam film by mixing with air mixed in a mixed solution containing a surfactant, water, and alkane,
A membrane breaking means for breaking the foam film, and a stirring means for degassing and stirring bubbles in the mixed solution in which the foam film is broken;
A water-in-oil emulsion production apparatus comprising:
The water-in-oil emulsion production apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising a plastic pipe connecting the foam film generating means and the membrane breaking means.
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| CN104224543A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-24 | 河南农业大学 | Preparation system for compound vitamin oral liquid |
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