JP2014068426A - Energy demand-and supply balance maintenance system - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
To provide a system that realizes energy supply and demand balance considering efficiency while each agent operates for its own purpose without providing a representative agent in the microgrid.
[Solution]
The difference between the pre-planning device for preparing an energy supply-demand plan for a predetermined period so as to maintain the overall supply-demand balance in cooperation with other energy supply-demand systems, and the plan when operating differently from the energy supply-demand plan A cooperative partner search device that searches for energy supply and demand systems capable of cooperative operation and requests a cooperative operation; a cooperative permission determination device that determines and responds to a request for cooperative operation from the cooperative partner search device; and An energy supply and demand maintenance system comprising: a collaborative partner search device and a collaborative availability determination device; and an equipment control device that controls energy generation equipment or consumption equipment according to the contents of the collaborative operation determined.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  In the present invention, energy generation devices such as power generation facilities and heat supply facilities, factories and buildings equipped with energy consumption facilities such as production facilities and air conditioning facilities gather, and the generation and consumption of energy as a whole area become independent. The present invention relates to a system that maintains a balance between energy supply and demand in a viable microgrid.

  In recent years, independent systems have been constructed by customers such as offices, buildings, factories, and houses that exist in a certain area, and for example, fuel cells, wind power generators, solar cells, etc. via energy networks such as electric wires and pipes Micro grids that can realize energy supply and demand independently by introducing various distributed energy sources such as photovoltaic generators, biomass generators, solar heat supply facilities, etc. are attracting attention.

  Such a microgrid requires a mechanism that balances the supply and demand of energy between the supply equipment that is an energy source in the system and the energy consumption equipment of the customer. In the technology described in Patent Document 1, in the electric power supply and demand control of the distributed power supply system, appropriate heat supply and demand control can be performed in consideration of the heat energy loss due to the heat supply and demand path between the facilities, and further, it is possible to respond to changes in the operation status of the facilities online. The present invention provides an electric heat supply and demand control system and an electric heat supply and demand control method for a distributed power supply system capable of performing heat supply and demand control.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-114879

  According to the technique described in Patent Document 1, in the electric power supply and demand control of the distributed power supply system, it is possible to perform appropriate heat supply and demand control in consideration of the heat energy loss due to the heat supply and demand path between the facilities, and further to change the operation status of the facilities online. It is possible to provide an electric heat supply and demand control system and an electric heat supply and demand control method for a distributed power supply system that can perform heat supply and demand control that can be handled by the system. Specifically, an agent is installed in each facility, and each agent obtains information on the heat pipes connecting the facilities that can supply and demand thermal energy and information on the operating status of these facilities, and heat in the heat supply and demand path between each facility. Including energy loss and changes in equipment operating conditions, obtain energy value that can be used as an index to judge whether there is value for electricity supply and demand between the equipment. It is a decision.

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, since one representative agent is determined and the optimum operation of the whole is determined, when the purpose of each agent is different, the operation in consideration of the purpose of each agent is performed. It is difficult to make a decision.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a system that realizes an energy supply / demand balance considering efficiency while each agent operates for its own purpose without providing a representative agent in the microgrid.

  In the present invention, energy generation devices such as power generation facilities and heat supply facilities, factories and buildings equipped with energy consumption facilities such as production facilities and air conditioning facilities gather, and the generation and consumption of energy as a whole area become independent. In a viable microgrid, a pre-planning device for planning an energy supply and demand plan in a predetermined period so as to maintain the overall supply and demand balance in cooperation with other energy supply and demand systems, and a supply and demand operation different from the energy supply and demand plan When collecting information on status of supply capacity and supply / demand capacity from other energy supply and demand systems, search for other energy supply and demand systems capable of cooperative operation with respect to differences from the energy supply and demand plan. A collaborative partner search device that requests an operation, and a request for a collaborative operation from the collaborative partner search device. A facility control device that controls energy generation equipment or consumption equipment according to the content of the cooperative operation determined by the cooperation partner determination device and the cooperation partner search device and the cooperation availability determination device. It is characterized by providing.

  Without providing a representative agent in the microgrid, it is possible to provide a system that realizes an energy supply-demand balance that takes efficiency into consideration.

It is a whole block diagram of an energy supply-demand balance maintenance system (1st Example). It is an example of the status information of an energy supply and demand system. It is a function block diagram of a cooperation other party search apparatus. It is an example of the supply and demand plan error information of an energy supply and demand system. It is an example of the process which selects the other party (energy supply-and-demand system) which cooperates energy. It is a whole block diagram of an energy supply-demand balance maintenance system (2nd Example).

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of an energy supply and demand balance maintenance system. This system includes a plurality of energy supply and demand systems 100, an energy network 200 (the bold line portion in the figure) for exchanging energy such as heat and electricity generated by the energy supply and demand system 100, and the energy supply and demand system 100. And a communication network 300 (thin line portion in the figure) for exchanging information on maintaining energy supply-demand balance.

  The energy supply / demand system 100 cooperates with the other energy supply / demand systems 100 to prepare an energy supply / demand plan for a predetermined period in advance so as to maintain an overall supply / demand balance, and the created energy supply / demand plan. When searching for a different energy supply and demand system capable of cooperative operation so as to compensate for the difference from the plan, the cooperative partner search device 102 that requests the cooperative operation, and the cooperative partner search device 102 The cooperative operation determination device 103 that determines and responds to the request for cooperative operation, and an energy generation facility 105 that generates electricity and heat such as a generator such as a gas engine and a gas turbine, a cogeneration system, and a heat pump, Energy consumption that consumes electricity and heat, such as factory production lines, building air conditioners, and household appliances in general households , A facility control device 104 for controlling the energy generating facility 105 or the energy consuming facility 106 according to the cooperative operation content determined by the cooperative partner search device 102 and the cooperative availability determination device 103, the other energy supply and demand system 100, and the energy supply and demand And a communication device 107 for exchanging information necessary for maintaining the balance.

  The prior plan creation device 101 creates a supply and demand plan for the system in a predetermined period for the amount of energy consumed by the energy supply and demand system 100 via the energy network 200 or the amount of energy supplied via the energy network 200. When creating the supply and demand plan, the overall supply and demand balance is maintained while forecasting its own energy consumption or supply volume using weather forecast information such as past demand history, supply history, temperature, and humidity of the system itself. It communicates with the other energy supply and demand system 100 so that the plan is completed, and the supply and demand plan is created while adjusting the supply amount and the demand amount. Alternatively, the supply amount or the demand amount of each energy supply and demand system 100 may be set to a predetermined value in advance so that the supply and demand balance is maintained. For example, the supply amount and the demand amount of all energy supply and demand systems 100 may be set to 0 [kW].

  FIG. 2 shows state information shared with the other energy supply and demand system 100 by the cooperative partner search apparatus 102. The state information includes information on the changeable amount for the supply and demand plan created by the advance plan creation device 101, the changeable amount occurrence time at which the changeable amount occurs, and information on the follow-up performance at that time.

  State information when the energy supply and demand system is on the supply side is shown on the left side of FIG. 2, and state information when the energy supply and demand system is on the supply and demand side is shown on the right side of FIG.

  The changeable amount is an amount that can be changed with respect to the supply and demand plan. In the case of supply, the amount of energy that can be additionally supplied is positive with respect to the supply and demand plan value, and the amount of energy that can be suppressed with respect to the supply and demand plan value is negative. In the case of demand, the amount of energy that can be suppressed with respect to the supply and demand plan is positive, and the amount of energy that can be additionally consumed is negative with respect to the demand plan value.

  The follow-up performance is information related to the fluctuation speed of the output. For example, the time t [sec] required to reach the output x [kW] and the output locus drawn until the target output x [kW] is reached. Information about the relationship between output and time, such as the function of time and output. In addition to information on the changeable amount, the follow-up performance, and the changeable amount occurrence time, efficiency information when executing increase / decrease of energy corresponding to the changeable amount, and information representing energy network position information of the energy supply and demand system 100 May be included.

  For example, in the case of the supply side, the efficiency information includes supply device efficiency and suppression device efficiency. The supply efficiency device is a ratio of required fuel to the energy supply amount of the energy generation facility 105. Suppressor efficiency is the ratio of the fuel being used to the current energy supply of the energy generation facility to be controlled. In the case of renewable energy that does not require fuel, such as solar power generation or wind power generation, the efficiency information may be infinite, for example. In the case of the demand side, it includes suppression equipment efficiency and utilization equipment efficiency. The restraint device efficiency represents the operation efficiency of the energy consuming equipment to be restrained. For example, in the case of an air conditioner, it is the ratio of the amount of energy supplied to the room and the amount of energy consumed. The utilization device efficiency represents the operation efficiency of the energy consuming equipment that is additionally operated. For example, in the case of an air conditioner, it is the ratio of the amount of energy supplied to the room and the amount of consumed energy.

  The energy network position information is, for example, position information in the energy network such as pipe connection information, electric wire connection information, and connection distance. Here, when coordinating multiple types of energy (electricity, heat, etc.), an entire energy network diagram is prepared for each type of energy (in the figure, for simplicity, an example of coordinating a single energy) Show).

  By including the efficiency information in the state information, the energy supply / demand system 100 that considers the cooperation request can preferentially select an efficient energy supply / demand system, which leads to an improvement in energy use efficiency as a whole. Also, by including the energy network location information, it is possible to select another energy supply and demand system that is close to the network so as to minimize the area of the energy network that is affected by the change in the supply and demand operation. When a certain energy supply and demand system 100 changes the supply and demand operation, the state of the energy network changes, and other neighboring energy supply and demand systems are affected. For example, if the energy network is a piping for heat supply, if a certain energy supply and demand system 100 changes the supply and demand operation and increases or decreases the amount of demand, the pressure distribution in the piping changes, so other energy supply and demand systems in the vicinity In order to maintain the supply and demand plan, 100 needs to change the discharge pressure of the pump for supply or the valve opening for demand control. When the distance between the energy network of the energy supply and demand system 100 that operates in cooperation with the energy supply and demand system 100 that changes the supply and demand behavior increases, the range of the affected energy network increases and the pressure distribution in the piping becomes unstable There is. Therefore, it is necessary to narrow the range affected by the change in the supply and demand operation by coordinating energy supply and demand systems 100 that are close to the energy network.

  Considering the efficiency of other energy supply and demand system 100 and energy network location information, it becomes possible to search for a collaborative partner that is highly efficient and has little impact on other systems, leading to improved overall efficiency and a stable supply and demand balance. .

  FIG. 3 shows functions provided in the cooperative partner search apparatus 102. The cooperative partner search apparatus 102 includes a state information collection function 1021, a state information distribution function 1022, a demand / supply change prediction function 1023, a cooperative time estimation function 1024, a cooperative range limiting function 1025, and a cooperative partner search function 1025. The status information collection function 1021 collects and holds the status information transmitted from time to time by broadcast or the like from the other energy supply and demand system 100 via the communication device 107 as needed. The status information distribution function 1022 generates the status information as needed, and sends it to the other energy supply and demand system 100 using a communication device 107 by broadcast or the like. In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that supplies energy, the changeable amount of the state information is, for example, a capacity obtained by subtracting the supply amount of the supply and demand plan created in advance from the maximum capacity of the energy generation facility 105 that the energy supply and demand system 100 holds Is a changeable amount that can be added. The changeable amount that can be suppressed may be an amount that can be suppressed by suppressing the output of the energy generation facility 105 that is responsible for the supply amount of the supply and demand plan.

  In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that demands energy, the amount of consumption that can be further consumed with respect to the energy consumption facility 106 that is scheduled to be consumed, and the energy consumption facility 106 that can be additionally started up, are prepared according to the demand and supply plan prepared in advance. The sum of consumption. For example, when the energy consuming equipment that is expected to consume the demand amount in the supply and demand plan is an air conditioner, the energy consumption can be changed by increasing or decreasing the preset set temperature. The increase / decrease range of the set temperature includes comfort indicators established by international standardization organizations and academic societies, building information such as heat insulation performance of the space where the air conditioning equipment is installed, weather information such as outside temperature and humidity, The calculation is based on the past set temperature history. In addition, when the energy consumption equipment that is expected to consume the demand in the supply and demand plan is a production facility such as a factory, this is the energy consumption that increases or decreases when the planned production plan is changed based on constraints such as delivery date. . In addition, the energy consuming equipment that is expected to consume the demand in the supply and demand plan may be a storage battery or a heat storage tank.

  In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that supplies energy, the follow-up characteristic of the state information is based on the rated performance value of the energy generation facility 105 that is scheduled to actually execute the cooperative operation for the changeable amount, and past operation history information. What is necessary is just to derive | lead-out based on the derived | led-out performance value. In the case where there are a plurality of energy generation facilities that are scheduled to perform a cooperative operation, a characteristic obtained by synthesizing the rated performance values of the respective energy generation facilities and performance values derived from past operation history information may be used.

  In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that demands energy, based on the rated performance value of the energy consuming equipment 105 that is scheduled to actually execute the cooperative operation for the changeable amount and the performance value derived from the past operation history information Derived. When there are a plurality of energy consuming facilities that are scheduled to perform a cooperative operation, a characteristic obtained by synthesizing the rated performance values of each energy consuming facility and performance values derived from past operation history information may be used.

  In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that supplies energy, the operation efficiency of the state information includes the output efficiency of the rated specifications of the energy generation facility 105 that is scheduled to actually perform the cooperative operation for the changeable amount, and the past operation history. The output efficiency derived based on the output derived from the information may be used. In the case where there are a plurality of energy generation facilities that are scheduled to perform a cooperative operation, a characteristic that combines output efficiency based on the rated specifications of each energy generation facility and output efficiency derived from past operation history information may be used.

  In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that demands energy, the energy consumption efficiency of the rated specifications of the energy consumption equipment 105 that is scheduled to actually execute the cooperative operation for the changeable amount, and the energy consumption efficiency derived from past operation history information Derived based on When there are a plurality of energy consuming facilities that are scheduled to perform a cooperative operation, a characteristic obtained by combining energy consumption efficiency of the rated specifications of each energy consuming facility and energy consumption efficiency derived from past operation history information may be used.

  The energy network position information of the state information is information obtained by adding a place where the apparatus is connected to piping and electric wire laying information prepared in advance.

  The supply and demand change prediction function 1023 operates periodically or at an arbitrary timing during or before execution of the supply and demand plan, and the plan error amount with respect to the demand plan shown in FIG. 4 and the temporal characteristics of the error amount. Predict the fluctuation characteristics.

  In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that supplies energy, the energy generation facility 105 that is scheduled to execute the supply and demand plan is renewable energy such as solar power generation, wind power generation, solar heat supply, etc., such as weather, temperature, humidity, wind power, etc. What is necessary is just to estimate an output change from weather information, and to predict the plan error amount and fluctuation characteristics with the demand plan. When the energy generation facility 105 scheduled to execute the supply and demand plan is a controllable facility such as a generator or a storage battery, a fluctuation in energy generation output is predicted from maintenance information and past operation history information, and the plan with the demand plan What is necessary is just to predict an error amount and a variation characteristic that is a temporal characteristic of the error amount. When the energy generation facility 105 is renewable energy such as solar power generation, wind power generation, solar heat supply, etc., and the energy generation amount is less than the supply-demand plan, the amount of error from the plan is positive, and energy that exceeds the supply-demand plan is generated The amount of error from the plan is negative.

  In the case of the energy supply and demand system 100 that demands energy, when the energy consumption facility 106 that is scheduled to execute the supply and demand plan is an air conditioner or the like, an output change is estimated from weather information such as weather, temperature, humidity, and wind power, and the demand What is necessary is just to predict the plan error amount and fluctuation characteristics with the plan. When the energy consuming equipment 106 scheduled to execute the supply and demand plan is a production line equipment such as a factory, the energy consumption of the production line that changes with the change of the production plan is estimated, and the plan error amount and fluctuation with the demand plan What is necessary is just to predict a characteristic. The energy consuming equipment may be energy storage equipment such as a storage battery or a heat storage tank. When the energy consumption facility has an energy consumption amount greater than or equal to the supply and demand plan, the error amount from the plan is positive, and when the energy consumption amount is less than or equal to the supply and demand plan, the supply and demand plan error is negative.

  When the predicted error amount exceeds a predetermined threshold value set in advance, the cooperative time estimation function 1024, the cooperative range limiting function 1025, and the cooperative partner search function 1025 operate to search for a cooperative partner.

  The coordinated time estimation function 1024 sets an acceptable threshold for the energy supplier or energy consumer for the supply and demand plan error information created by the supply and demand change prediction function 1023, and the value of the supply and demand plan error exceeds the threshold. Calculate the time. In the case of an energy supplier, the allowable threshold is that if the energy generation facility 105 is renewable energy such as solar power generation, wind power generation, solar heat supply, etc. Become. At this time, the threshold value is set to a value that has a large influence on the energy network 200 and is likely to cause a failure in the other energy supply and demand system. For example, when power supply is performed via an energy network, if the supply-demand balance is greatly disrupted, all the energy supply-demand systems connected to the energy network will be affected by power outages. As the threshold value to be set, a predetermined value determined in advance between the energy supply and demand systems may be used. Alternatively, the energy network may be analyzed each time, and the threshold value may be calculated according to the situation.

  In the case of energy supply and demand, when the energy consuming equipment 106 is an air conditioner, a limit unpleasant value that is a limit for the energy demand and supply is set in advance based on a comfort index established by an international standardization organization or an academic society, For each time period, the indoor temperature that becomes the limit uncomfortable value based on building information such as heat insulation performance of the space where the air conditioning equipment is installed, weather information such as outside temperature and humidity, and past set temperature history, etc. The difference between the amount of energy required to calculate the room temperature and the planned supply and demand value may be set as an allowable threshold. Further, when the energy consuming equipment 106 is a production equipment such as a factory, the minimum energy required to keep the constraints such as the delivery date is estimated, and the difference from the supply and demand plan value may be set as an allowable threshold.

  The collaborative partner search function 1025 is a function for selecting an energy supply and demand system that is a partner to collaborate with energy. Note that each function provided in the cooperative partner search apparatus 102 may exist as an individual apparatus.

  With reference to FIG. 5, a description will be given of a process in which the cooperative partner search function 1025 selects an energy supply / demand system that is a partner to cooperate with energy.

First, the state information collection function 1021 collects state information of other energy supply and demand systems (S501). From the collected information, state information that satisfies both the planning error amount and the fluctuation characteristics of the planning error amount information created by the demand change prediction function 1023 is searched (S502).
When the plan error amount is positive, state information in which the positive value of the changeable amount is equal to or greater than the plan error amount is searched. When the plan error amount is negative, state information in which the negative value of the changeable amount is equal to or less than the plan error amount is searched. As for the fluctuation characteristics, for example, a search is made for a time shorter than the time required to reach a certain output x [kW] than the time required to reach its own x [kW]. Alternatively, when the fluctuation characteristic is represented by the output and time trajectory until the target output x [kW] is reached, the output representing the fluctuation characteristic of itself and the trajectory exceeding the time trajectory are searched.

It is examined whether there are a plurality of energy supply and demand systems with state information that can satisfy this condition (S503). As a result, when there are a plurality of energy supply and demand systems with state information that can satisfy this condition, the cooperative partner is determined based on the operation efficiency.
When the own plan error amount is positive, the state information on the demand side is given priority as the cooperation partner with the lowest restraint device efficiency. When there is no state information on the demand side and only state information on the supply side, the one with the highest supply device efficiency is given priority as the cooperation partner.
When the amount of plan error is negative, the state information on the supply side is preferentially selected as the cooperation partner with the lowest suppression device efficiency. If there is no supply-side state information and only demand-side state information, the device with the highest utilization efficiency is preferentially designated as the cooperation partner (S504).
If there are a plurality of energy supply and demand systems selected in the above processing (S505), the one closer to the distance is preferentially selected as the cooperation partner based on the energy network location information (S506). This process leads to improvement in overall efficiency and stabilization of supply-demand balance maintenance. Information on the cooperative operation request is transmitted to the determined cooperative partner (energy supply and demand system) via the communication device 107 (S508). In S503 or S505, if there is only one energy supply / demand system with state information that satisfies the conditions, the only energy supply / demand system that exists is determined as the cooperative partner (S507), and the cooperative operation request information is sent to the cooperative partner. Send (S508).

<Second Embodiment>
In the first embodiment, the case where the advance plan creation device 101, the cooperation partner search device 102, and the cooperation availability determination device 103 are arranged in each energy supply and demand system 100 has been described, but in the second embodiment, Implementation of a configuration in which two server devices are provided, and an agent device that communicates with each energy supply and demand system 100 is provided in the server device, and the agent device includes a prior plan creation device 101, a cooperative partner search device 102, and a cooperative availability determination device 103 A form is demonstrated.

  FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of the energy supply-demand balance maintenance system in the second embodiment. The central server device 400 includes an agent device 500 that corresponds to each energy supply and demand system on a one-to-one basis. Each agent device 500 includes a prior planning device 101, a cooperative partner search device 102, and a cooperative availability determination device 103. The function of each device is the same as in the first embodiment.

Claims (9)

An energy generation and maintenance method for energy supply and demand in a microgrid equipped with energy consuming equipment,
From the energy generation device or the energy consuming equipment, collecting state information regarding surplus supply capacity or supply and demand capability, and tracking characteristic information when the state information has changed,
Predicting energy generation or energy consumption in the energy generating device or the energy consuming facility;
An energy generation device or energy consumption capable of generating or consuming energy according to the predicted energy generation or energy consumption from the predicted energy generation or energy consumption, the state information, and the tracking characteristic information. A step of selecting equipment, and a method for maintaining energy supply and demand. An energy supply and demand balance maintenance system in a microgrid equipped with an energy generation device and energy consumption equipment,
A pre-planning device for planning an energy supply and demand plan for a predetermined period in cooperation with another energy supply and demand balance maintenance system;
When performing a supply and demand operation different from the energy supply and demand plan, state information relating to a surplus supply capacity or supply and demand capability is collected from the other energy supply and demand balance maintenance system, and the other operation capable of cooperative operation with respect to a difference from the energy supply and demand plan A partner search device for searching for an energy supply and demand balance maintenance system from the state information and requesting a cooperative operation, and a device for determining whether or not to respond to a request for a cooperative operation from the partner search device. When,
The facility control device that controls the energy generation facility or the consumption facility according to the cooperative operation content determined by the cooperation partner search device and the cooperation availability determination device,
An energy supply-demand balance maintenance system characterized by comprising: In the energy supply and demand balance maintenance system according to claim 2,
An energy supply and demand balance maintenance system comprising: the state information including upper and lower limit values that can be changed from the energy supply and demand plan, and follow-up characteristics expressed by a relationship between output and time. In the energy supply-demand balance maintenance system according to claim 3,
An energy supply / demand balance maintaining system, wherein the state information includes efficiency information related to an energy generation facility and an energy consumption facility included in the energy supply / demand system. In the energy supply-demand balance maintenance system according to claim 3,
An energy supply / demand balance maintaining system comprising: the state information including energy network position information regarding a connection location of the energy supply / demand system to an energy network such as an electric wire or a pipe. In the energy supply-demand balance maintenance system according to claim 3,
The energy supply-demand balance maintaining system, further comprising the efficiency information and the energy network position information in the state information. In the energy supply and demand balance maintenance system according to any one of claims 3 to 6,
The cooperative partner search device is a supply / demand change prediction function that predicts an error from the energy supply / demand plan, and a cooperative time estimation function that estimates a time zone required by the cooperative partner based on a limit value related to the comfort of the energy supplier and demander. And a cooperative partner search function for searching for an energy supply and demand system that satisfies an error amount and fluctuation performance from the energy supply and demand plan in the time zone estimated by the cooperative time estimation function. system. In the energy supply-demand balance maintenance system according to claim 7,
The energy supply / demand balance maintaining system, wherein the cooperative time estimation function determines a limit unpleasant value that is a limit for an energy consumer, and determines an allowable error from the demand plan value based on the limit unpleasant value. In the energy supply-demand balance maintenance system according to claim 7,
The energy supply / demand balance maintaining system characterized in that the cooperation partner search function selects a cooperation partner based on energy network position information that is connection information of an energy network such as an electric wire or a pipe.

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