JP2014065591A - Elevator including emergency stop device - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
In the emergency stop device for the elevator, the overall height of the elevator is suppressed, and the emergency braking force is kept substantially constant during the braking period.
[Solution]
A push-up force direction converting member provided between the brake guide 6 and the upper frame 3 and switching the upward push-up force of the brake guide 6 to a horizontal force; one end connected to the push-up force direction changing member; An end is connected to the horizontal frame 5 and is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail, and includes a spring member 13 having an initial tensile or compressive force and a stopper member 14 for maintaining the initial posture of the push-up force converting member. An elevator equipped with an emergency stop device.
[Selection] Figure 5

Description

The present invention relates to an elevator provided with an emergency stop device that presses a brake element against a guide rail when an elevator overspeed is detected and brakes a lifting body by a frictional force.

  In general, in a rope type elevator, when the lifting body descends excessively due to some failure, the brake that is pulled up by the governor rope gripping operation by the governor before the speed does not exceed 1.4 times the rated speed is guided. An emergency stop device is provided that presses against the rail and brakes the lifting body by frictional force.

  In general, the brake has a slope surface on the side opposite to the guide rail, and the slope surface is in contact with a brake guide member having a reverse slope surface. When moving upward, the brake element also moves in the horizontal direction.

  The conventional emergency stop device presses the brake against the rail by this operation to generate a frictional force.

  However, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-192184 (Patent Document 1), the braking force of the conventional emergency stop device is obtained by the product of a constant rail pressing force and a dynamic friction coefficient that varies depending on the speed. Since the dynamic friction coefficient increases as the speed becomes slower, the braking force immediately before stopping increases.

For this reason, there is a concern that a large deceleration occurs in the car and places a physical burden on the passengers.

In response to such problems, a metal material such as cast iron is used as a sliding material of a conventional general safety device, and the rail pressing force is reduced by wear of the sliding material during an emergency braking process. Weakened and restrained the increase in braking force.

  On the other hand, in recent years, there has been an increasing need for higher speeds and larger capacity of elevators, and with the increase in speed and capacity, thermal energy generated during emergency braking also increases.

  For this reason, it becomes difficult to apply a cast iron material to the sliding material of such an elevator safety device, and ceramics having excellent heat resistance have been applied.

Ceramics exhibit the same friction characteristics as cast iron, but there is little possibility of wear during the sliding process, so there is a high possibility that the braking force immediately before stopping will be greater than that of cast iron.

  As a background art of such a technical field, there is JP-A-5-238659 (Patent Document 2).

  In this technique, a brake guide having a back surface supported by a compression spring is disposed between a brake that is pulled up during emergency braking and a chamber that is fixed to a frame of the emergency stop device.

  In this technique, first, the rail pressing force is generated by the characteristic that the lifting amount of the brake guide becomes smaller than the lifting amount of the brake when the brake is lifted, and when the brake is lifted to some extent, the brake and the brake guide are Is a mechanism that can be pulled up at the same time.

For this reason, an emergency stop device is provided in which the rail pressing force is removed just before stopping and no excessive frictional force is generated.

JP 2001-192184 A JP-A-5-238659

  Conventional elevators are equipped with an oil buffer that buffers and stops the car if it goes too far down the bottom floor, and the stroke of this oil buffer needs to be lengthened according to the kinetic energy of the falling car .

  That is, in a high-speed / large-capacity elevator with a large falling mass and a high overspeed descent speed, it is necessary to lengthen the stroke of the oil buffer, and in order to install such an oil buffer, the pit depth becomes deep.

  On the other hand, since increasing the pit depth leads to an increase in construction cost, studies are underway to shallow the pit by increasing the number of oil buffers and suppressing the stroke.

  As the pit shallows with multi-stage oil buffers, the interference between components, including emergency stop devices installed under the car, and other elevator components installed in the pit becomes a problem. .

The emergency stop device does not directly interfere with the components of the elevator installed in the pit, but in order to increase the clearance between the components under the car and the components installed in the pit, the emergency stop device is small. Conversion is an important issue.

  In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 described above, the height of the emergency stop device is increased because the compression springs that secure the spring deformation tolerance corresponding to the amount of movement of the brake guide are arranged in the vertical direction that is the direction of movement of the brake guide.

  There is a problem of reducing the clearance between the components under the car and other components installed in the pit when the pit is shallow.

The present invention has been made from the state of the prior art described above. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an emergency stop capable of suppressing the overall height of the emergency stop device to cope with pit shallowing and mitigating excessive deceleration that occurs immediately before stopping. The object is to provide an elevator equipped with the device.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides an upper frame, a horizontal frame and a lower frame attached to a lifting body guided by a guide rail installed in a hoistway, and a sliding surface of the guide rail. A brake element arranged in a pair so as to face each other and having an inclined surface on the side opposite to the guide rail, and an elastic body that presses the brake element against the guide rail when the lifting body exceeds a specified speed A brake element guide support member coupled to the elastic body and having a gradient surface on the rail side, and disposed between the brake element and the brake element guide support member, the gradient surface of the brake element and the brake element support member. A brake guide having a slope surface paired with the slope surface, a plurality of rollers disposed on the slope surface between the brake child and the brake guide, and between the brake guide support member and the brake guide Of each member In an elevator equipped with an emergency stop device composed of a plurality of rollers arranged on the surface, the elevator is provided between the brake guide and the upper frame or the lower frame, and the upward push-up force of the brake guide is horizontally Pushing force direction changing member for switching to the direction force, one end is connected to the pushing force direction changing member, the other end is connected to the upper frame, the horizontal frame or the lower frame, and arranged in a direction orthogonal to the rail longitudinal direction. And an emergency stop device comprising a spring member having an initial tensile or compressive force and a stopper member for maintaining the initial posture of the push-up force converting member.

  Further, the push-up force direction changing member is constituted by a link mechanism, the details of which are once coupled to the upper surface of the brake guide guide freely in the rotation / horizontal direction, and the other end is freely rotated / horizontal in the upper frame. The first link piece is connected to the first link piece, and the second link piece is temporarily connected to the approximate center of the large link piece and the other end is connected to the upper frame. Further, the details of the spring member are constituted by a tension spring member that is once coupled to the coupling portion with the upper frame of the first link piece and the other end is coupled to the horizontal frame to give an initial tensile force.

  The length ratio between the first link piece and the second link piece is 2: 1.

Further, the spring member may be composed of a compression spring member that has once been coupled to the upper frame of the large link piece and the other end of the large link piece to a horizontal frame and applied with an initial compression force.

In the present invention configured as described above, when the lifting body drops excessively due to some failure, a large braking force acts immediately after the start of braking, and the rail pressing force gradually decreases immediately before stopping, resulting in excessive deceleration. Generation can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the spring member for generating the force for pushing the brake element guide is arranged in the direction orthogonal to the direction of movement of the brake element guide, the overall height of the apparatus can be reduced.

The schematic block diagram of the elevator provided with the safety device of this invention. A side view of a general emergency stop device. Cross section of a general safety device The speed characteristic figure at the time of emergency stop braking with a general emergency stop device. The coefficient of friction characteristic figure at the time of emergency stop braking with a general emergency stop device. The rail pressing force characteristic diagram at the time of emergency stop braking by a general emergency stop device. The side view which shows one Example of the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator of this invention. The side view which shows the operating state of the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator of this invention. The side view which shows the other operating state of the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator of this invention. Relationship diagram between spring force and link angle of link mechanism of elevator emergency stop device of the present invention FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram of a brake guide pushing force and a link angle of a link mechanism of an elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram of a brake guide pushing force and a link angle of a link mechanism of an elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention. The speed characteristic figure at the time of emergency braking by the emergency stop device of the elevator of this invention. The friction coefficient characteristic view at the time of emergency braking by the emergency stop device of the elevator of the present invention. The rail pressing force characteristic figure at the time of the emergency stop braking by the emergency stop apparatus of this invention. The link mechanism part enlarged side view which shows the other Example of the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator of this invention. The link mechanism part enlarged side view which shows the other Example of the emergency stop apparatus of the elevator of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an elevator provided with an emergency stop device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an elevator equipped with the safety device of the present invention.

  A general rope type elevator is a lifting body that moves up and down in a hoistway, for example, a car 17, a guide rail 1 that stands in a pair in the hoistway and guides the raising and lowering of the car 17, and a car. 17 has a rope 18 to which one end is connected.

An emergency stop device 2 that brakes when an overspeed descent is detected is attached to the lower portion of the car 17.

  FIG. 2 shows a side view of a typical safety device 2.

  The emergency stop device 2 sandwiches the guide rail 1 with an elevator, for example, an upper frame 3 and a lower frame 4 that are fixed to the lower portion of the car 17, a guide rail 1 that guides the raising and lowering of the car 17. A brake element 7 which is disposed in a pair and has a slope on the side opposite to the guide rail, a pulling mechanism (not shown) that pulls up the brake element 6 when an overspeed drop of the car 17 is detected, and a car An elastic body 9 that presses the brake element 7 against the guide rail 1 when an overspeed descent of 10 is detected, and a gradient surface that is coupled to the elastic body 9 and faces the gradient surface of the brake element 7 on the guide rail 1 side. A brake element guide 6, a plurality of rollers A group 11 disposed between the gradient surface of the brake element 7 and the gradient surface of the brake element guide 6, and a brake element stopper 19 that adjusts the maximum pull-up amount of the brake element 7. Consists of.

  When the lifting mechanism detects an overspeed drop, the emergency stop device 2 pulls up the brake 7, fits between the brake guide 6 and the guide rail 1, and pushes the elastic body 9 to expand the brake 7. Is pressed against the guide rail 1.

  For this reason, a frictional force is generated between the guide rail 1 and the brake 7, and the car 17 is emergency braked.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the general safety device 2 shown in FIG.

  A general emergency stop device 2 is applied with a U spring as an elastic body 9 and is arranged so as to cover the guide rail 1.

  FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of speed characteristics during emergency braking when a general emergency stop device is applied. These are examples of characteristics when ceramics having excellent heat resistance are applied to sliding materials for high-speed and large-capacity elevators.

  This emergency stop device 2 has a characteristic that the falling speed of the car 17 is rapidly reduced when it comes to a stop. This phenomenon may cause a physical burden on passengers.

  FIG. 4b shows a simulation diagram of the coefficient of friction characteristic during emergency braking. The coefficient of friction of a general emergency stop device has a characteristic that the speed dependency that increases rapidly when stopping is strong.

  FIG. 4c shows a simulation diagram of rail pressing force characteristics of a general emergency stop device.

  The rail pressing force of a general emergency stop device is that the brake 7 is restrained from moving after the brake 7 comes into contact with the brake stopper 19, and if ceramics are applied to the sliding material, wear during braking does not occur. The deformation of the elastic body 9 becomes constant. That is, the rail pressing force with which the brake element 7 presses the guide rail 1 becomes constant.

Therefore, the reason why the speed characteristic of the emergency stop device becomes the characteristic shown in FIG. 4a is that the braking force obtained by the product of the rail pressing force and the friction coefficient suddenly increases as the friction coefficient changes just before stopping. .

  FIG. 5: shows the principal part side view of one Example of the emergency stop apparatus 2 of the elevator which concerns on this invention.

  The configuration of the safety device 2 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In particular, the configuration different from the general safety device 2 shown in FIG. 2 will be mainly described.

  In the emergency stop device 2 of the present invention, since the brake guide 6 is configured to be movable in the vertical direction, a slope surface is also provided on the side opposite to the guide rail of the brake guide 6 and the slope surface that is paired with the slope surface. It is comprised from the braker guide support member 8 which has these.

  The roller B group 12 is also provided between the brake guide 6 and the brake guide support member 8.

Further, one end of the link piece 10a is freely connected to the upper surface of the brake guide 6 in the rotation and horizontal direction, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the upper frame 3 and is freely connected in the horizontal direction. The link mechanism 10 is composed of a link piece 10b that is rotatably coupled with the other end to the lower surface of the upper frame 3, and one end is coupled to a coupling point with the upper frame 3 of the link piece 10a. It is composed of a tension spring member 13 having an end coupled to the horizontal frame 5 and applied with an initial tensile force, and a stopper member 14 coupled to the lower surface of the upper frame 3 and disposed at a position in contact with the link piece 10a. In the present invention, the length ratio of the first link piece 10a and the second link piece 10b is set to 2: 1.

  Next, the operation of the safety device of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 5 shows a state during normal operation.

  The link mechanism 10 shown in the present embodiment generates a force in the direction in which the brake element guide 6 is pushed in at the coupling point between the link mechanism 10 and the brake element guide 6 by the initial tensile force of the tension spring member 13.

  However, since the stopper member 14 bears the initial spring force of the tension spring member 13 that generates the pushing force of the brake guide 6, when the brake 7 is in the non-contact position with the guide rail 1, The brake element guide support member 8 is not subjected to the spreading force due to the pushing force of the brake element guide 6.

  Accordingly, the brake element 7 does not come into contact with the guide rail 1 during normal operation.

  Here, the distance to the guide rail 1 before the elastic body 9 is deformed is δ0.

  FIG. 6 shows a state where the brake element 7 is pulled up and the elastic body 9 is deformed to the maximum.

  When an overspeed drop of the car 17 is detected, the brake element 7 is pulled up by the pulling mechanism, and is inserted between the guide rail 1 and the brake element guide 6, and further, the brake element 7 is on the guide rail 1 side of the brake element guide 6. When the roller A group 11 is pulled up, the brake guide 6 moves in the horizontal direction due to the effect of the inclined surfaces of the brake 7 and the brake guide 6.

  At this time, the elastic body 9 is pushed and spread, whereby the brake 7 is pressed against the guide rail 1, and the elevator car 17 of the present invention performs an emergency braking by the frictional force.

  In this state, the pushing force of the brake guide 6 generated by the initial tensile force of the tension spring member 13 of the emergency stop device 2 of the present invention is the force that pushes the brake guide 6 upward when the elastic body 9 is maximum deformed. Since the balance is adjusted so that the positional relationship between the guide rail 1 and the elastic body 9 changes from δ0 to δ1, the link mechanism 10 is not deformed.

  Further, as the balance of the force in the horizontal direction, the spring force due to the deformation of the elastic body 9 and the reaction force received by the brake 7 from the guide rail 1 are balanced.

  FIG. 7 shows a state in which the brake guide 6 is lifted upward along the roller A group 11 and the roller B group 12.

  This operation is caused when the force that pushes up the brake guide 6 upward is greater than the pushing force of the brake guide 6 by the link mechanism 10 when the brake 7 is further lifted from the state shown in FIG. .

  The link mechanism 10 is closed when the brake guide 6 is lifted.

  As a result, δ indicating the positional relationship between the guide rail 1 and the elastic body 9 decreases from δ1 to δ2.

  This indicates that the deformation of the elastic body 9 is reduced due to the change in the width of the brake guide 6 generated by raising the brake guide 6.

FIG. 8 a shows the relationship between the link angle and the spring force of the tension spring member 13. FIG. 8 c shows a relationship diagram of the link angle α, the spring force F 1 of the tension spring member 13, and the pushing force F 2 of the brake guide 6 by the link mechanism 10.

  In FIG. 8a, the horizontal axis represents the link angle α, and the vertical axis represents the normalized spring force of the tension spring member 13 at each link angle α with the spring force F1 in the initial state (45 ° in this embodiment). Indicates.

  When the link mechanism 10 is closed, the connection point between the upper link 3 and the first link piece 10a that fastens one end of the tension spring member 13 moves away from the connection point between the second link piece 10b and the upper frame 3. The spring force F1 of the tension spring member 13 increases.

  FIG. 8 b shows the relationship between the link angle α and the pushing force F2 of the brake guide 6 by the link mechanism 10. The horizontal axis indicates the link angle α, and the vertical axis indicates the value obtained by normalizing the pressing force F2 of the brake guide 6 at each link angle α in the initial state (45 ° in this embodiment).

As a characteristic of the link mechanism 10 shown in the present embodiment, when the link angle α decreases, the spring force F1 of the tension spring member 13 increases according to the extension of the spring due to the link deformation, but the pushing force F2 of the brake guide 6 gradually increases. It turns out that it becomes small.

  Next, the effects of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 9a shows a simulation diagram of speed characteristics obtained from the present invention. In the figure, the broken line shows the speed characteristics when a general safety device is applied, but it can be seen that the speed change becomes moderate just before stopping. That is, rapid deceleration can be suppressed, and the physical burden on passengers can be reduced.

  FIG. 9b shows a simulation diagram of the friction coefficient characteristics. This shows that the coefficient of friction increases as soon as the vehicle stops just like general characteristics. That is, the friction characteristic of the safety device 2 of the present invention is also highly speed dependent.

  FIG. 9c shows a simulation diagram of the rail pressing force characteristics. A rail pressing force characteristic of the general safety device 2 is indicated by a broken line.

  The rail pressing force of the general emergency stop device 2 becomes constant after the brake 7 comes into contact with the brake stopper 19, whereas the rail pressing force of the emergency stop device 2 of the present invention is reduced by the brake guide 6. It increases with the deformation of the elastic body 9 until it rises.

  Further, when the brake element 7 tries to pull up, when the pushing force for pushing up the brake element guide 6 becomes larger than the pushing force for pushing in the brake element guide 6 by the link mechanism 10, the change in the width dimension due to the raising of the brake element guide 6 causes the change. The deformation of the elastic body 9 is reduced, and the rail pressing force is gradually reduced.

  Therefore, the braking force of the emergency stop device 2 of the present invention is the product of the friction coefficient shown in FIG. 8b and the rail pressing force shown in FIG. For this reason, the emergency stop device 2 of the present invention can realize emergency braking in which the speed change just before stopping is reduced as shown in FIG. 8a.

  In the present embodiment, the configuration by the tension spring member 13 is shown, but it may be configured by a compression spring member 14 to which an initial compression force is applied as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which a brake element guide stopper 16 is attached to the upper frame 3 for the purpose of preventing the brake element guide 6 from being lifted more than necessary in order to suppress the disappearance of the braking force immediately before stopping. It is an example.

When the brake element guide stopper 16 and the brake element guide 6 come into contact with each other, the deformation of the elastic body 9 will not be smaller than that point in time, so that the braking force is not completely lost immediately before stopping.

1: guide rail, 2: emergency stop device, 3: upper frame, 4: lower frame, 5: horizontal frame, 6: brake element guide, 7: brake element, 8: brake element guide support member, 9: elastic body, 10: link mechanism, 10a: first link piece, 10b: second link piece, 11: roller A group, 12: roller B group, 13: tension spring, 14: spring stopper, 15: compression spring, 16: Braking element guide stopper, 17: Car (elevating body), 18: Rope, 19: Braking element stopper

Claims (5)

An upper frame, a horizontal frame, and a lower frame attached to a lifting body guided by a guide rail installed in the hoistway are arranged in pairs so as to face the sliding surface of the guide rail and A brake having a slope on the guide rail side, an elastic body for pressing the brake against the guide rail when the lifting body exceeds a specified speed, and a slope on the rail side coupled to the elastic body And a brake member disposed between the brake member and the brake member guide support member, and having a gradient surface that is paired with the gradient surface of the brake member and the gradient surface of the brake member guide support member. A guide, a plurality of rollers disposed between the brake member and the slope surface of the brake guide, and a plurality of rollers disposed between the brake member guide support member and the slope surface of the brake guide. Non In the elevator with a stop device,
A push-up force direction conversion member that is provided between the brake guide and the upper frame and switches the upward push-up force of the brake guide to a horizontal force, and one end connected to the push-up force direction conversion member and the other end Is connected to the horizontal frame, and is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the rail, and includes a spring member having an initial tensile or compressive force, and a stopper member for maintaining the initial posture of the push-up force converting member. Elevator with special emergency stop device.
In an elevator provided with the safety device according to claim 1,
The push-up force direction changing member is constituted by a link mechanism. The details of the link mechanism are once coupled to the upper surface of the brake guide freely in the rotation and horizontal directions, and the other end is freely rotated and horizontal in the upper frame. A first link piece that is supported, and a second link piece that is once rotatably coupled to the approximate center of the first link piece and the other end is rotatably coupled to the upper frame, The spring member is formed of a tension spring member that is coupled with the upper frame of the first link piece and the other end of the first link piece with a horizontal frame and applied with an initial tensile force, and the first link piece and the first link piece. An elevator equipped with an emergency stop device, which is configured between a stopper member disposed between two link pieces and coupled to an upper frame.
In an elevator provided with the safety device according to claim 1,
The push-up force direction changing member is constituted by a link mechanism. The details of the link mechanism are once coupled to the upper surface of the brake guide freely in the rotation and horizontal directions, and the other end is freely rotated and horizontal in the upper frame. A first link piece that is coupled, and a second link piece that is rotatably coupled to the approximate center of the first link piece and the other end is rotatably coupled to the upper frame; The spring member is composed of a compression spring member that is coupled to the upper frame of the first link piece and the other end of the first link piece to the horizontal frame and applied with an initial compressive force. An elevator provided with an emergency stop device, which is arranged between a second link piece and a stopper member coupled to an upper frame.
In an elevator provided with the safety device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An elevator equipped with an emergency stop device, wherein the length ratio of the first link piece and the second link piece is 2: 1.
In the elevator provided with the emergency stop device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An elevator provided with an emergency stop device, wherein the upper frame is provided with a brake guide stopper member that is longer than a vertical stroke of the link mechanism and contacts the brake guide.